Science Technology & Innovation Book

Content Page

1.

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)

1 - 15

2.

Department of Science & Technology (DST)

19 - 34

3.

Department of Biotechnology (DBT)

37 - 50

4.

Department of Defence Research

53 - 68

& Development: Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) 5.

Ministry of Earth Science (MoES)

71 - 74

6.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

77 - 88

7.

Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)

8.

Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)

91 - 122 125 - 131

Department of Atomic Energy The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is a broad based multidisciplinary organization established more than five decades ago. Its activities encompass Research and Development in nuclear science and engineering, industrial scale production of some of the critical raw materials, manufacture of components, equipment and systems needed for Indian nuclear programme, generation of nuclear power, and support to research, academic activities and services associated with nuclear energy and allied subjects within the country. Working in the areas of nuclear science and technologies, DAE has developed a wide range of technologies, and those are available for industry in the country. Short term nuclear power programme and some of the mature spin-off technologies available for transfer are brought out in this compendium. They are classified under six major categories viz, Energy, Environment, Water, Food & Agriculture, Health and Others (Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgy).

Energy Following its mandate of enhancing the share of nuclear power in the country through development of indigenous and other proven technologies, it is setting of power reactors and associated fuel cycle facilities in the country.

Reactor type and capacity 17 reactors at 6 sites in operation at Tarapur, Rawatbhata, Kalpakkam, Narora, Kakrapar and Kaiga

Capacity (mwe)

Cumulative capacity (mwe)

4120

4120

660

4780

2,000

6,780

500

7,280

- PHWRs(8x700 MWe)

5,600

12,880

- FBRs(4x500 MWe),

2,000

14,880

300

15,180

~10,000

~25,000

3 PHWRs under construction at Kaiga 4 (220 MWe), RAPP-5*&6(2x220 MWe) * Synchronised to grid on 22-12-09 ** achieved criticality on 23.01.2010 2 LWRs under construction at Kudankulam (2x1000 MWe) PFBR under construction at Kalpakkam (1 X 500 MWe) Projects planned till 2020

- AHWR(1x300 MWe) Additional LWRs through international cooperation till 2020

Environment The following technologies are available are: 1. Flue gas conditioning technology for reduction in suspended particulate matter 2. Solid Waste Management Plant (NISARGRUNA) Department of Atomic Energy

1

3. Radiation technology for urban sludge hygienisation 4. Plasma pyrolysis 5. Particle Aerodynamic Size Separator (PASS) 6. Infra Red Methane Gas Alarm Unit 7. Low Background Gas Flow Beta Counter 8. Improved Method for Fluoride Treatment from Aqueous Effluent Some of these technologies are described below while for more information on other technologies please visit http://www.barc.ernet.in/technologies/techavail.html .

Fuel gas conditioning technology for reduction in Suspended Particulate Matter Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) constitutes one of the major air pollutants and cause many respiratory diseases including the dreaded silicosis. Coal fired thermal power stations are the major culprits which contribute maximum SPM pollution in the ambient air. The flue gas from a coal fired thermal power station contains fine particles of ash with size varying from 80 microns to less than 5 microns. Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) is used to knock down the ash particles from the hot flue gas and to maintain SPM concentration within permissible limits specified by the State Pollution Control Boards. However, in many power stations, the concentration of the SPM exceeds the specified limits. This is due to the high ash content in our coals (40(first from right) is with ammonia conditioning at 45%), low sulphur content in our coal ( 99.99 % (4log scale) and Almost maintenance free except occasional cleaning of the glass cover, prefilter and tray. The device purifies water in batch mode. The device of 60 cm x 65 cm x 10 cm size can disinfect ~ 15 liters of drinking water daily using solar light.

Food and Agriculture The following technologies are available are 1. Trombay Crop Varieties (Groundnut, Soybean, Blackgram, Greengram, Pigeonpea, Mustary, Rice, Jute) Micropropagation of Banana 2. Radiation processing of food and agricultural commodities 3. Banana Juice Extraction Process 4. Laser assisted land leveling system ** 5. Green manure crop Trombay Sesbania Rostrata 6. Pheromone Technology 7. Soil Organic Carbon Detection Kit (SOCDK) 8. Sericulture 9. Foldable Solar Dryer 10. Vibro thermal disinfestor (VTD) 11. Soil Organic Carbon Detection Kit (SOCDK Some of these technologies are described below while for more information on other technologies please visit http://www.barc.ernet.in/ technologies/techavail.html .

Trombay Crop Varieties The research and development carried out at BARC in the field of radiation technology applied to agriculture, has contributed towards the development of high yielding crop seeds, optimizing use of fertilizers and pest control. Under nuclear agriculture programme, BARC has

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Department of Atomic Energy

achieved release of 38 elite varieties including 15 pulses, (blackgram, mung, pigeon pea and cow pea), 21 oil seeds (groundnut, soybean, mustard and sunflower) and one each of rice and jute. Their share in the national breeder seed indent is more than 40% for pulses and about 30% for oil seeds. Progress in breeding of crop plants depends upon selection of favorable combination of characters available in the population. Heritable variants occur spontaneously in all living organisms and are largely due to mutations of genes. Trombay Akola Groundnut (TAG-24) The frequency of mutations can be greatly enhanced by exposing seeds and other plant parts to radiation. Radiation - induced mutations enhance the range of variability from which plant breeders can select and combine different desired characteristics to produce better crop plants. Using this approach, improved varieties of pulses, groundnut, mustard, rice and jute have been developed at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).

Trombay akola groundnut (TAG-24) is: • • • • • •

Early maturing groundnut variety with semi-dwarf habit, high harvest index (>50%), high partitioning and water use efficiency Released for Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Karnataka Popular in Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab and Tamil Nadu Identified as National Check Variety for Rabi/summer trials Average yield: 2,000 - 2,500 kg/ha Responds well under improved agronomical practices wherein >10,000 kg/ha yield achieved

Radiation processing of food and agricultural commodities Radiation technology can complement and supplement existing technologies to ensure food security and safety. It provides effective alternative to fumigants that are being phased out due to their adverse effects on environment and human health. Radiation processing technology can be used for: Disinfestation of food grains and pulses Inhibition of sprouting in bulbs and tubers • Extending shelf-life under recommended conditions of storage • Ensuring microbiological safety • Overcoming quarantine barriers to international trade • •

The technology can also be used for hygienization and sterilization of non-food items including cut-flowers, pet food, cattle feed, aqua feed, ayurvedic herbs and medicines and packaging materials. Department of Atomic Energy

11

Two technology demonstration units have been set up by DAE, one at Vashi, Navi Mumbai, for application of high doses for commodities such as spices and dry vegetables (30 tonnes/day), and another at Lasalgaon near Nashik (Maharashtra) for commodities such as onion (10 tonnes/day), cereals, pulses and their products, and cut-flowers requiring low dose irradiation. Eight such plants have been set up by private entrepreneurs, five are under construction while another five MoUs has been signed.

Banana Juice Extraction Process Banana is the most abundant fruit crop grown in India. Extraction of juice is an effective method of reducing postharvest loss of the fruit. A novel lab-scale process has been developed at BARC for extraction of juice from banana and production of banana powder as a by-product. Clear juice with a yield of upto 55% (w/w) is obtained without addition of any enzymes and can be stored upto 3 months inside cold storage at temperatures below 40C without adding any preservatives. The residual pulp is converted into fine banana powder. APPLICATIONS of Banana Juice •

Being high on potassium and useful enzymes, it can be used as a health drink.

•

Can be used mixed with other fruit juices or drinks for additional flavor.

•

Can be concentrated and used as Syrup in food industry

APPLICATIONS of Banana Powder •

Can be used as a substitute for flour in cakes and biscuits,

•

Can be used as a flavoring agent in milk

•

Can be a good high-fiber low-sugar food base for patients of diabetes

Laser assisted land leveling system The system consists of a laser plane generator or the scanner unit, a scale mounted sensor unit for initial surveying and a tractor mounted sensor and controller unit for controlling the scrapper bucket to automatically level land. The control unit can be modified appropriately to control earth movers and road & rail laying machines. The scanner unit consists of a suspended diode laser module with a large pendulum mass. When the unit is coarsely leveled to ± 3º

12

Department of Atomic Energy

the laser is under free suspension and is plumb. A penta-prism mounted on a precision rotating platform with the axis co-xial to the laser beam scans out a laser plane. The scale mounted detector unit is a laser sensor which indicates the position of the scanned laser beam from the scanner unit by buzzer as well as on a LCD display. The scale unit is used mounted on a measuring staff and indicates the local height at any place. This technology has already been transferred to “OSAW Udyog”,Ambala in Punjab.

Other Technologies Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Metallurgy The following technologies are available are 1. Electron Beam Welding Machine/Equipment 2. Extended Reach Master Slave Manipulator (ERM) 3. Sealed Type Three-Piece Master Slave Manipulator (TPM) 4. Eco friendly surface hardening by Plasma nitriding 5. Manual Liquid Scintillation Counting System 6. Advanced PC based Acoustic Emission Analyser for Non -Destructive Testing & Evaluation 7. USB-MCA: 8K Multi-Channel Analyzer with PHA and MCS Modes and USB Interface 8. 20-KV, 10-80 KJ Energy Storage Capacitor Bank 9. Acceleration-Deceleration Control Valve and Circuit for Hydraulic Lift 10. Bayard Alpert Vacuum Gauge 11. Canned Motors 12. Controlled-Potential Coulometer 13. Electrochemical System 14. Glass to metal Seals 15. High and Ultra High Vacuum Bellows Sealed Valves 16. Intelligent Braille System 17. Ionization Gauge Controller 18. Laser based Digital Data Communication System 19. Motion Feed Throughs for Ultra High Vacuum 20. Optical Encoder and Display Unit 21. Oxygen Measuring System 22. Potentiostat/ Galvanostat 23. Servo Power Amplifier for AC Servomotor Department of Atomic Energy

13

24. Spectroscopy Amplifier (A225) 25. On Line Set Point Servo System (OLSPSS) 26. Triode Sputter Ion Pumps 27. Production of Optical Quality Electroless Nickel (EN) Coating on Copper Substrate 28. Spectrum Stabilising PCMCA Card (PHAST2) 29. Mini-Micro Stepping Control Drive & Associated Drive software with algorithm for stepper- motor 30. Video Frame Buffer PC-add-on card 31. PC add on card for 20 million samples per second (ANUDAQ - 20) 32. Ultrapurification of Arsenic 33. Ultrapurification of Gallium 34. Di2ethyl hexyl Phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) 35. L.T.V. Deaeration System 36. Silver and sulphide ion selective electrode 37. Yttrium Vanadate Phosphor 38. Porous Polysulfone diaphragm as separator in Electrochemical process 39. Micronization Of Natural Graphite Powder 40. Preparation of CaS04: Dy TLD Phosphor 41. Ammonia absorption refrigeration system One of the technology is described below while for more information on other technologies please visit http://www.barc.ernet.in/technologies/techavail.html .

ECO Friendly Surface Hardening by Plasma Nitriding An engineering component usually fails when its surface cannot adequately withstand the external forces or environment to which it is subjected. The choice of the surface with appropriate thermal, optical, magnetic and electrical properties and sufficient resistance to wear and corrosion is crucial for its functionality. It is often impractical and uneconomical to manufacture components from a bulk material simply for its surface properties. Instead, it is better to use a cheaper material and modify the surface for suitable high performance. Several techniques like chemical vapor deposition, plasma spraying, nitriding and ion implantation have been used to modify the surfaces. Plasma Nitriding (PN) process, is a thermo-chemical technique of surface modification for improvement of mechanical properties such as wear, hardness, fatigue, as well as chemical properties such as corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Plasma nitriding is carried out in lowpressure plasma of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen

14

Department of Atomic Energy

Gears plasma nitrided at FCIPT

gases to which the parts to be treated are exposed. The nitrogen ions formed bombard the surfaces of the parts, which become heated and allow diffusion of nascent nitrogen inwards to form nitrides. During the process, the plasma uniformly covers the contours of the parts as shown in figure 1. The diffusion layer thus formed has a ductile compound layer and a high wear resistance, apart from possessing a higher hardness and a higher resistance to point loads, impact, etc., compared to other methods of nitriding. Apart from this the compound layer formed is less. Hence components can be directly used without any refinishing or cleaning operation. Also the improvement in properties brought about by plasma nitriding frequently allows cheaper, lower alloyed materials to be used. Facilitation Center for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), a division of Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), located at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, has developed state of the art PN systems using actively heated hot wall furnaces and cold wall furnaces capable for enhanced glow discharge plasma nitriding. Instrumentation developments include IGBT pulsers up to 100 A capacity, computer based process control etc. This technology has been transferred to Ms/ Millman Thin Films, Pune. They have been installed at Indo German Tool Room, Ahmedabad and BIT, Jaipur with the help of FCIPT and support from Department of Science and Technology, Delhi.

Department of Atomic Energy

15

Science, Technology & Innovation

Department of Science and Technology

Department of Science and Technology Department of Science and Technology (DST) was established with the objective of promoting new areas of Science and Technology and to play the role of a nodal Department for organizing, coordinating and promoting S & T activities in the Country. Some of the key constituents of its mandate are noted underneath. •

Formulation of policy statements and guidelines and coordination on S&T related matters wherein number of institutions and departments have interests and capabilities.

•

Supporting basic and applied research in national institutions and creating infrastructural facilities to enable this cause.

•

Fostering international cooperation in S & T.

•

Socially oriented S &T interventions for rural and weaker sections.

•

Popularization of Science and Technology.

•

Technology Development and Commercialization.

•

S & T driven entrepreneurship development.

•

Scientific Surveys and MIS for S & T.

DST also has a network of autonomous research institutions, working in specific domain areas related to basic as well as applied sciences. In the following pages, some of the technologies have been showcased coming out of four such institutions namely i) Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum ii) International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad iii) Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune & iv) Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata.

Technologies in Market (SCTIMST)

S. No. 1.

Blood Bag

Sterile, disposable device used for collection, component separation, cryostorage & transfusion of blood.

Department of Science and Technology

19

2.

Mechanical Heart Valve

Permanent Implant to replace the diseased natural heart valves

3.

Blood Oxygenator & Cardiotomy Reservoir

Oxygenator is a rigid shell disposable device used during open-heart surgery as the artificial lung. Cardiotomy reservoir is a disposable device used during open-heart surgery for the collection, filtration and recirculation of blood from the surgical site.

4.

Hydrocephalus Shunt

Neurosurgical implant used for the controlled drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid

5.

Concentric Needle Electrode

Disposable electrode assembly to pick-up the neuromuscular electrical activity.

20

Department of Science and Technology

6.

Haemoconcentrator

Extracorpeal device used in cardiac surgery

7.

Membrane Oxygenator

Used to oxygenate blood remove carbon di-oxide thereby warm/cool the patient in cardiac surgery

8.

Single Solution Bonding Agent

A fifth generation bonding agent replacing the two component system currently in use.

9.

Dental Composites

Dental composites constituting Chemical cure, Light Cure, Radiopaque dental composite and Dentine bonding agent

Department of Science and Technology

21

10.

Glass Ionomer Cement

For core build up, luting and restorative applications

11.

Hydroxyapatite & Bioactive Ceramic Composites

Hydroxyapatite Porous Granules, Graded Porosity Buttons for Burr-Hole Closure, Ceramic Spacer for Vertebral Laminoplasty,Bioactive Composite Blocks for Iliac Crest Repair , Bioactive Composite Porous Blocks and Rods

Technologies under Re-Licencing / Modification (SCTIMST) 12.

Fibrin Glue

Sealant used to arrest bleeding

13. Woven Large Diameter Vascular Prosthesis

For grafting purpose

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Department of Science and Technology

14. Field Kit for Detecing Antibiotic Sensitivty in Mastitic Milk

Cost effective, quick and convenient solution for testing antibiotic sensitivity in mastitic milk

15. Hydroxyapatite Porous Granules

Substitution, augmentation, filling and reconstruction of bone defects

16. Chitosan Wound Dressing

Wound dressings based on chitosan

17.

Bioactive Ceramic Composites

For dental applications

Department of Science and Technology

23

Technologies in Pipeline (SCTIMST) 18.

Centrifugal Blood Pump

Blood Pump Control and Monitoring Unit with disposable Centrifugal Pump Head for Extracoporeal Cardiotomy Bypass

19. Chemo Mechanical Caries Removal Agent

Removal of dental caries by a two component mixture

20.

Microparticles Based Hemostatic Chitosan Material

Porous chitosan microparticles as topical hemostat

21. Disposable ECG Electrodes

For routine use in Operation Theatre and for special applications, e.g.Stress test / Exercise ECG recording, Paediatric use, Long term use in ICU

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Department of Science and Technology

Nano Silver Impregnated Ceramic Drinking Water Filter (Real Life Scale / ARCI) Key Features •

Nanosilver synthesis technology developed under ARCI’s Nanomaterials programme and also field tested in medical centres at various villages in Andhra Pradesh with the help of a NGO

•

Using a simple wet chemical method the nano silver average particle size 50 nm is impregnated through out the cross section of the ceramic drinking water filter.

•

Easy operation and maintenance 1. No electrical power required 2. No pressurized water (tap water) required 3. Easy maintenance

•

Low cost 1. The amount of silver used is very low (0.2 wt %) 2. The cost of the candle increases by 25-30% 3. The cost of the filter assembly increases only by 3-5% 4. Candles are usually changed once in six months Initial Count

Count after filtration

1000

0

10000

0

100000

0

Laboratory test results for E-coli bacteria as per IS 16221981 & EPA Guidelines

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer Status For ceramic water filter candles used in stainless steel filters. The ARCI nano silver coating technology has been transferred to SBP Aquatech Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad. The technology is ready for transfer for all other states except Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu as the exclusivity for these two states has been given to above company.

Micro Arc Oxidation (Real Life Scale / ARCI) Key Features •

Eco friendly & economically viable

•

Uniform, dense, hard (1300 – 1800 HV) and thick (1-200 mm) coatings compared to conventional anodizing and hard anodizing

•

Excellent tribological properties

Department of Science and Technology

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•

5-40 times service life enhancement

•

Ability to coat a large variety of Al, Ti, Mg and Zr metals and their alloys

•

Ease to coat complex shapes and difficult to access regions

•

Synthesized fully dense, ultra-hard coatings

•

Coating formation mechanisms, phase relationships and structure-property correlations established

•

Successfully synthesized functional coatings on a wide variety of Al alloys

Up-scaled MAO Unit

•

Optimized coating deposition kinetics (1.3 –2.3 mm/min.)

•

Established superior coating properties compared to conventional acid based processes like anodizing & hard anodizing

•

Technology demonstrated for a wide array of applications

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer •

MAO Technology patented in India and U.S.

•

Technology Transferred to 3 companies in India

•

Technology scaled up to suit mass production requirements

•

R&D efforts to establish the process on Ti, Mg and Zr alloys in progress

•

Technology Available for export and for states in India other than Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka as exclusive license has already been given in these 3 states. MAO coated textile components

Detonation Spray Coating (DSC) Technology (Real Life Scale / ARCI) Key Features •

Developed with co-operation of the Institute of Problems of Material Science, Kiev, Ukraine, the original inventors of the D-Gun

•

Attractively priced-less than imported HVOF units

•

Fully indigenous DSC technology now adopted widely by the Indian industry for coating wide range of engineering components to enhance their life

•

Commercialization of DSC technology accelerated by strong foundation laid by ARCI, through process-related R & D,

26

Department of Science and Technology

DSC Unit in operation

application development and market sensitization •

ARCI continues to develop wide-ranging coatings for Indian industries

Properties •

Excellent Adhesion

•

< 1% Porosity

•

High Microhardness

•

Low Thermal Degradation

•

Low Oxide Content

•

Good Tribological Properties

•

High Coating Thickness

•

Good Powder Efficiency

•

Low Substrate Temperature

•

Low Cost of Operation

•

Less Gas Consumption

•

Less Water Consumption

•

Less Electrical Consumption

•

Less Down Time

•

Less Work Scrap

Applications Developed and Technology Transfer •

Applications Developed for multiple industrial sectors Aerospace, Engineering, Chemical, Automotive, Steel, Oil, Energy, Paper, Textile, Power Generation etc.

•

Technology successfully transferred to 4 companies in different regions of India

•

Technology is available for export DSC Unit in operation

Laser Surface Treatment and Laser Welding (Real Life Scale / ARCI) Key Features of Laser Welding •

High power density •

High depth of penetration (aspect ratios upto 20:1)

•

High welding speeds and low heat input

•

Can weld wide variety of materials with varying thickness

•

Possibility to precisely focus the beam spot at desired location •

•

Appropriate heat balance can be obtained while welding dissimilar materials or thicknesses

Pulsed mode operation Department of Science and Technology

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•

Low heat input precision welding

•

No vacuum requirement, unlike electron beam welding

•

Can weld magnetic materials, unlike electron beam welding

•

Non contact process and hence clean weld unlike Shielded Metal Arc Welding or Tungsten Inert Gas welding

•

Some laser wavelengths can be sent through optical fiber and to weld inaccessible locations

Applications Targeted •

Tailor-Welded Blanks (TWB) for automotive bodies

•

Gear assemblies in automotive transmission

•

Stringer welding to skin of fuselage

•

Sandwich panels for ship building

•

Stainless steel equipment

•

Hermetically sealed valves for solenoid applications

Key Features of Laser Surface Treatment (Hardening, Alloying and Cladding) •

Moderate to rapid cooling rates resulting in fine homogenous structures

•

Selectively localized area processing

•

Controlled case depth

•

Minimal distortion

•

Chemical cleanliness

•

Minimal post treatment

•

High process flexibility

•

Excellent reproducibility

•

Ease of processing with CNC programming

•

Faster production rates

•

No quenchant requirement

Applications Targeted •

Steam turbine blades

•

Crank shafts

•

Cam shafts

•

Forming dies

•

Cutting tool edges

28

Department of Science and Technology

Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide (ZnO) based Varistors (Pilot Scale / ARCI) Key Features •

Developed a novel method to make Nanocrystalline ZnO powders and convert them into varistors

•

Nanocrystalline ZnO powder is used as it helps reduce sintering temperature compared to conventional micron powder

•

Breakdown voltage is 5 times compared to commercial varistors

•

Coefficient of Non-Linearity is 3 to 4 times higher than commercial varistors

•

Lower Leakage current compared to commercial varistors

•

Scale up using flame spray pyrolysis has been achieved

ARCI and Commercial Varistor discs

I-V Characteristics of ARCI and commercial varistors

Applications Targeted Surge voltage protection in electrical and electronics industry in the form of varistors and lighting arrestors

Silica Aerogels (Laboratory Scale / ARCI) Key Features •

Silica aerogels have been developed at ARCI in different forms such as flexible sheets, granules, monoliths and nanoparticles.

•

Low density and high thermal insulation capability

•

They are prepared by sol-gel method, followed by a special drying process known as supercritical drying. Even sub-critical drying is also used depending on the application requirement

•

Silica aerogels are reinforced with organic or inorganic fibers for low and high temperature applications respectively to impart greater flexibility

•

The lowest density achieved is 0.05 g/cc and the highest surface area achieved is 1600 m2/g

Applications Targeted •

Cryo insulation applications

•

Light weight insulating clothing

Department of Science and Technology

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods by Flame Spray Pyrolysis (Laboratory Scale / ARCI)

(From L-R) Aerogel developed as Sheets, Monoliths, Granules and Nanoparticles at ARCI

Key Features •

Bulk production of ZnO Nanorods using Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) method

•

FSP is a process wherein the liquid precursor evaporates in the flame and undergoes chemical reaction to cluster embryos of the product material. These clusters eventually grow into nanoparticles by collision, fusion and sintering mechanisms

•

This process is suitable for producing metal oxide and doped metal oxide nanopowders/ nanorods on a commercially relevant scale

•

According to results the avg. aspect ration of ZnO nanorods were 4 and BET surface area of the powder was 27 m2/g

•

TEM Image of ZnO nanorods

XRD results reveal formation of pure ZnO nanorods phase

Applications Targeted ZnO nanorods for sunscreen lotions

A Novel DNA Preservation Technology – Microspore (Bench Scale / ARI) It is a biomimetic, non-cryogenic method for long term preservation of nucleic acids in a structurally and functionally intact form. The technology platform uses microcapsules of a biopolymer extracted from plant pollen grains, namely sporopollenin. Sporopollenin is inert to chemical action and is an excellent insulator (resists temperatures from -196 °C to +900 °C). Our technology (patented in India and abroad, PCT/IN2009/000641; Indian patent no. 956/MUM/2008) consists of a method of incorporating DNA material in the sporopollenin microcapsules. It has been shown by appropriate experimentation and mathematical modeling that such DNA will remain intact for a long period, typically exceeding 100 years. The potential application areas for the technology are forensic science, healthcare, pharmaceuticals,

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Department of Science and Technology

medicine, military and basic research, etc. The technology is likely to replace the conventional method of preserving nucleic acids under cryogenic conditions. Considering the vast applications of the technology the potential market worldwide could be to the tune of several billion dollars. The technology has won the India Innovation Pioneers Challenge (IIPC) 2009 competition and was showcased at Intel-University of California, Berkley Technology Entrepreneurship Challenge (BTEC) 2009. We have already prepared prototypekits using the technology. The indicative price for preserving 100 nucleic acid samples works out to Rs 17000 as against Rs 29000 for a competing product available in the market.

A Novel Protease for Industrial Application (Real Life Scale / ARI) A microbial protease production process is developed by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from vermi-compost soil. The production of protease is optimum in a medium soyabean meal and tryptone of pH 7. 0, at 30°C in 72h with 1% inoculum under shake culture conditions. The protease, which is calcium independent, has specificity towards natural substrates like casein, elastin, gelatin but it does not hydrolyze collagen and keratin. The enzyme is active in range of pH 6-11, being optimum at 8. 0, temperature 25-65°C, optimum at 37°C. The protease is stable in presence of SDS, sodium tri polyphosphate, sodium tetraborate, tween 80, triton X 100 which are ingredients of commercial detergents and surfactants. It is also active in commercial detergents like Tide, Areal, Nirma, Rin Shakti and Surf Excel. The ammonium sulphate precipitated protease finds potential application in leather industry for dehairing of hides and skins of buffalo, sheep and goat skin without using any chemicals. Enzymatically prepared wet blue and crest leather of buffalo hide were of comparable quality with control. This protease can improve leather quality and reduce pollution load of the tannery effluent. The enzyme finds an application as an additive in detergent and also for recovery of silver from X-ray and photographic films and preparation of protein hydrolysate.

ARI-SCOE Microbial Process for Removal of H2S from Biogas (Laboratory Scale / ARI) The process uses Thiobacillus culture in fixed film reactor for removing H2S from biogas. H2S is reduced from 3 % to 0.01 % in 6-8 minutes. CO2 concentration is also reduced by 12 %.

High Solid Biomethanation (Real Life Scale / ARI) The process removes 60 % COD of distillery waste having initial COD 150,000 ppm in twostage anaerobic digestion process. The process generates 15 L biogas/ L waste, methane content of which is 55-58 %

Microbial Technology for Removal of Aromatic Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Industrial Waste Waters (Real Life Scale / ARI) The invention relates to a process for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes comprising immobilization of bacterial culture of Pseudomonas mendocina on brick pieces, Department of Science and Technology

31

circulation of industrial wastewater containing TPM dye in the range of 2-10 ppm, through brick media having immobilized culture using water circulation pump, at 28±20 °C for 48 h, which results in 85 to 90% removal of TPM dyes and degradation of the dyes to carbon dioxide.

Technology for the Production of Chromium-Enriched Yeasts (Laboratory Scale / ARI) A microbiological process is developed for the treatment of effluents containing heavy metals in bioreactors. The specific microorganisms convert soluble metals into their insoluble forms which are easily separated by settling or filtration and effective removal of metals is achieved. The method is nonpolluting and hence eco-friendly.

Integrated Microbial Process for the Removal of Groundwater Arsenic (Real Life Scale / ARI) The invention describes an integrated microbial oxidation-alumina adsorption process for the removal of arsenic from groundwater

Integrated Chemical-Microbial Process for the Recovery of Metals from Photovoltaic Modules (Laboratory Scale / ARI) A chemical-microbiological method for the recovery of metals from cadmium telluride photovoltaic modules is proposed. The chemical component utilizes dissolution of metals. Selective biosorption of silver and cadmium is achieved with recovery of 86% and 80%. Tellurium is converted microbiologically to its metallic form in a bioreactor and can be converted at an efficiency of 99%.

Formulation Comprising Nanoparticles of Methylglyoxal Conjugates (Pilot Scale / IACS) This invention relates to methylglyoxal chemically conjugated to nanoparticles i.e. nano-methylglyoxal as an anticancer drug. The invention specifically applies to the use of nanoparticles conjugates of methylglyoxal for inhibition and/or treatment of cancer of the Colon, Prostate, Larynx, Kidney, Pancreas, Lung, Breast, Intestine, Oral cavity, Ovary, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia. The invention also relates to compositions and optimization of the methods of preparation of nano-methylglyoxal. The anticancer activity of the conjugates is attributed to the inhibition of the activity of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. The invention therefore relates to compositions and methods of inhibiting cancer using Schiff’s base conjugates of methylglyoxal with chitosan, which is more effective than methylglyoxal alone.

Transition Metal Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Pilot Scale / IACS) This invention deals with transition metal ions doped semiconductor nanocrystals that are free from heavy metals like cadmium and therefore environment friendly. The present invention also deals with a process for the preparation of such transition metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals, where the reactions take place at a temperature less than 300oC. The said doped nanocrystals are stable in air and under UV radiation in both solution and precipitated solid form. The semiconductors used are mainly

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Department of Science and Technology

Manganese and Copper for best results. These highly fluorescent non toxic materials are found to be technologically important, not only for biological applications, but also in several other applications, such as for lighting and display devices, where absence of Cd and Se is considered to be the real advantages to the wide applicability of such materials.

Process for Non-Toxic, Water-Soluble and Functionalized Transition Metal Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Laboratory Scale / IACS) This invention provides nontoxic, water soluble and functionalized transition metalion doped ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals, having very high quantum yield. These nanocrystals are effective in fluorescent biological labeling and can be used as bioconjugates useful for different biomedical applications. The invention further deals with a process for preparing these functionalized transition metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals comprising the steps of polymer coating, polymerization followed by purification and functionalization, providing long shelf life and stability over a large pH range. It includes the process of fluorescence biological labeling with the nontoxic, water soluble and functionalized transition metal ion doped semiconductor nanocrystals for long term cell imaging applications.

Positive Morpholino Based Antisense Agent (Laboratory Scale / IACS) This invention relates to a cationic morpholino-based antisense agent comprising cationic inter-subunit linkages in the oligonucleotide backbone and cationic side chains to the purine, pyrimidine bases of DNA. It includes the neutral alkynyl-side chain to the purine & pyrimidine bases in order to have better neutral morpholino oligomers. The invention describes a synthetic method for the preparation of the said agent and discusses various applications including but not limited to regulation of gene expression, tissue culture with improved transfection efficiency and studies on cationic morpholino-conjugated dyes, flurophore, drugs etc for cellular transfection properties. The method is easy to perform, cost effective and takes lesser time and ingredients to prepare the product. The product when added to the media shows better transfection efficiency than the available materials. As this agent does not conjugate with arginine-rich peptides thus not required to be administered in an injection form only, just solubilization in culture medium may be sufficient for penetration. They are the shorter length than 25-mer morpholino because they bind strongly with DNA.

Process for the Treatment of Coconut Fibers after Separation from Husk (Laboratory Scale / IACS) This invention provides an improved method of treatment of coir fibers obtained from defibering machine, which obviates the disadvantages associated with retting and does not cause pollution. In this process the brightness and softness of the coir fibers are also improved with increase in production rate of at least 25%. These new fibers are stable up o a period of 3 months. The process is advantageous as it may be applied to both types of fibers obtained from green husk as well as dry husk. The process includes steps of soaking the coir fibers in a fresh bath containing sodium chloride and tamarind extract, removing the reacted coir fibers from said first bath and introducing the coir fibers of step (b) into a second bath containing ligninase and laccase.

Department of Science and Technology

33

Anticancer Activity of Imino-Acid Conjugates of Methylglyoxal (Laboratory Scale / IACS) The invention relates to the use of imino acid conjugates of methylglyoxal for the inhibition and/or treatment of cancer. The invention relates more specifically to the use imino acid conjugates of methylglyoxal for inhibition and/or treatment of cancer of the Colon, Prostate, Larynx, Kidney, Pancreas, Lung, Breast, Intestine, Oral cavity, Ovary, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia. The invention also relates to compositions and methods of inhibiting cancer using imino acid conjugates of methylglyoxal.

A Multi-Junction A-Si : H Solar Cell (Laboratory Scale / IACS) A multi junction a-Si:H solar cell having doped microcrystalline thin films comprising the following layers. i) a SnO2 - coated glass of 10% Haze; ii) p-type a-SiC:H film as window layer having a thickness of about 100 A; iii) an optical band gap of 1.9eV and dark conductivity - 10-6 Son-1 ; iv) buffer layer is a a-SiC:H film with optical band gap of 1.85 eV and thickness of 50 - 100 A; v) undoped a-Si:H film of a top cell in multijunction solar cell having band gap of 1.75 eV and thickness of 700 — 800 A; vi) n-type ?c Si:H film having thickness of 250 - 300 A; vii) p-type a-SiC:H film of a bottom cell of said multijunction solar cell having thickness of 800-100 A; viii) undoped a-Si:H layer of said bottom cell having thickness of ~ 3000 A; ix) n-type a-Si:H layer having thickness ~ 300-350 A; and x) back metallization by Ag. The invention relates to wireless communications, and in particular, to a receiving device and method in a base station, for locating a mobile station.

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Department of Science and Technology

Science, Technology & Innovation

Department of Biotechnology Medical Agricultural Environmental Industrial State Biotech Parks Public-Private Partnership Models

Department of Biotechnology Rotaviral Diarrhoea Vaccine Rotavirus infections are the leading cause of diarrhea-associated mortality in developing countries. It is the leading cause of dehydration and accounts for 150,000 deaths per year in children in India. •

World Health Organization and the Global Initiative for Vaccines and Immunization have recommended the accelerated development and introduction of rotavirus vaccine as a priority.

•

DBT supported Rotaviral Diarrhoea Vaccine development.

Product • Live attenuated oral Rotaviral vaccine based on strain 116E Partners Academic •

All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi

•

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta

•

Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore

•

Stanford University, USA.

•

Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi

•

National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

Industry • M/s Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad Current Stauts The Phase-III clinical trials will be initiated by March/ April, 2010.The vaccine is likely to be available by 2011.

JEV-CHEX – An test system for early detection of Japanese Encephalitis JEV-CHEX is a diagnostic kit to detect JE virus in CSF with 100 % specificity and sensitivity. It is a rapid ELISA for IgM capture developed jointly by the NIMHANS, Bangalore; NII, New Delhi and KGMC, Lucknow through DBT support and commercialized by Xcyton Diagnostic Ltd, Bangalore since 2004 after extensive clinical testing. The kits are available at a price of about Rs. 100 per test and also supplied to WHO. Department of Biotechnology

37

Japanese Encephalitis is the most common encephalitis caused by an arbo-virus with ~50,000 deaths annually worldwide. In India, repeated epidemics have occurred in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and the virus has made inroads in the states of Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan alerting healthy officials. There have been many episodes of JEV in Gorakhpur district in UP.Though many countries have adopted vaccination programme in their immunization schedule for children, its early detection is important in providing timely treatment.

Other affordable healthcare product IMMUVAC-a promising immuno-modulator for Leprosy & Tuberculosis Immuvac is based on killed Mycobacterium indicus praniiMIP (earlier known as Mw) developed by the National Institute of Immunology and being commercialized by M/s Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad after technology transfer.It has received Orphan drug designation in USA as an adjuvant to MDT for multi-bacillary leprosy and has shown profound immuno-modulatory effects in tuberculosis as well. There are emerging indications that MIP may be clinically useful as an immuno-modulator in other diseased indications including cancer. Low-cost Recombinant FSH- LIGRAF for infertility treatment Developed under SBIRI, the recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone (r-FSH) is being commercialized by the M/s. Bharat Serums & Vaccines Ltd., Mumbai under the brand name “Foligraf”. The product has been launched in the Indian market in 2009 with a market share of approx. 30% in the Indian recombinant FSH market. It is in a lyophilized form in two different strengths of 75 IU & 150 IU per vial. Used for treatment of fertility disorders in women, it has shown to effectively stimulate follicular development and steroidogenesis, despite unmeasureable LH levels in women whose endogenous gonadotrophin secretion is suppressed.

Dispersible Zinc Tablet- a novel anti-diarrhoel formulation for National Program More than 1.5 million children under five continue to die each year as a result of acute diarrhea with about 500,000 deaths in India. The use of Zinc along with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is recommended by WHO and Governemnt of India after R & D by DBT, WHO & AIIMS,

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Department of Biotechnology

BIBZinC-20mg (Dispersible Zinc Sulphate Tablet)

Recommendations •

20 mg of elemental zinc supplementation per day for 10-14 days for children

•

10 mg per day for infants fewer than six months of age

GOI recommends the inclusion of zinc in RCH 2 / NRHM for treatment of diarrhoea. The recommendation is: 20 mg. of zinc suplhate dispersible tablets for use in child hood diarrhoea for 14 days alongwith addition of ORS.

Iron-rich Rice for Anaemia Control For ICDS & NRHM Schemes •

ULTRA RICE®- UR is a micronutrient-fortified, manufactured food product that was developed to address nutritional deficiencies in populations where rice is a staple food

•

UR grains resemble traditional milled grains in size and shape and remain stable during washing & cooking stages of rice preparation

•

Iron Fortified Rice Premix increases body iron stores and reduces iron deficiency in school children

•

Can be introduced in the Mid-day meal programme specially under ICDS and NRHM schemes

•

Introduced at Naandi Foundation, Vishakhapatnam for about 60,000

•

Resource poor school children

•

Local capacity-building through DBT: Enquiries from potential units welcomed

Novel Therapeutic Food for Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM): Hospitals/ Re-habilitation Centers/ Homes •

8.97 million “under five children” suffer from acute SAM

•

For SAM in children above the age of 6 months, homebased Medical Nutrition Therapy can reduce the fatality rates significantly

•

Novel therapeutic foods can be used in hospitals, rehabilitation centers or at home

•

Therapeutic Foods for SAM developed in India as per WHO specifications and tested. These have specific compositions and were proved to e effective for functional recovery

Department of Biotechnology

39

•

Therapeutic Foods for SAM are homogenization of fried gram /peanut flour, extruded rice flour, soyabean oil, powdered sugar, skimmed milk powder, roasted soya dhal & soya lecithin in paste form. These are energy-dense foods with 7 gram of protein, 16 gram of fat with 260 kcal per 50 gram. These also contain micronutrients such as Vitamin A, calcium, iron, folic acid, zinc, selenium, iodine etc. They are packed in 50 gram pouch with a shelf-life of one year.

•

Currently being indigenously produced by 2 industrial units

DBT would be able to provide the necessary technical know-how for setting up production facilities in States(s); State Health Departments encouraged participating.

Double Fortified Salt (DSF) for Iron & Iodine deficiency •

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad developed iodine and iron double-fortified salt (DFS) as “One intervention controlling two problems”, namely, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

•

The stability of iodine and iron more than a year.

•

Human metabolic studies showed excellent bio-availability of iron and iodine ;

•

Bio-safety studies confirmed the safety of NIN-DFS.

•

Epidemiological studies showed significant reduction in the prevalence of total goiter and anemia.

•

The cost of 1 kg NIN – DFS works out to be 1 rupee (0.025 US$) more than that of iodized salt.

A high powered committee, constituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, recommended the introduction of NIN-DFS in nutrition programs. Recently a notification has been released by PFA regarding double fortified salt (GRE 608E, dated August 28, 2009). An MoU signed between NIN, Hyderabad & Salt manufacturers for supply of at least 20% of the produce to the Government for distribution through the public distribution system for BPL at the price fixed by the Government.

Hospital-based interventions - Replication Models Homograft Heart & Heart Valves Bank •

A project to set up a cryo-preservation facility for preservation of homografts heart and heart valves isolated from cadaver within 6-8 hours after death.at Narayana Hrudayalaya Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore was undertaken by the DBT

•

A technique standardized for storage of Homografts heart & valves for longer duration.

•

A model cryo-preservation bank for replication in other hospitals and cities.

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Department of Biotechnology

•

The project has helped to serve the society and make mission of providing health care to masses. The center is now in the process of expanding the services by procuring homograft valves from other postmortem centers of India.

Fecal incontinence- a device developed for ICU patients •

A tool to collect & contain fecal output in incontinent patients efficiently

•

About 50 % of ICU patients have the problem

•

Easy and hygienic to use

•

Developed under Stanford India Biodesign ( SIB) programme

About SIB The product been developed by Stanford India Biodesign, which is a DBT funded center at All India Institute of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Stanford University, USA and India Institute of Technology, Delhi . Current status •

Clinical and business validation complete

•

Product development complete

•

Technology secured by multiple patents globally

•

Successful ‘first-in-man’ safety studies at AIIMS

•

Regulatory approval and product commercialisation in process

Bioreactor for Prawn-seed Production in Aquaculture Industry Bioreactors for Nitrifying Water in Closed System Hatcheries of Penaeids and Non-Penaeid Prawns has been developed at the Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi for aquaculture industry and transferred to the Oriental Aquamarine Biotech India Pvt. Ltd, Coimbatore. It is based on Packed-bed nitrifying technology (PBBR) that is useful for organic re-circulation of prawn-seed production in small hatcheries with added advantage of water quality management.

Packed bed bioreactor

Department of Biotechnology

41

The nitrifying bioreactor technology facilitates conversion of the conventional open systems to closed ones with recirculation. Two categories of reactors have been developed such as In-Situ Stringed Bed Suspended Bioreactors (SBSBRs) and Ex – Situ Packed Bed Bioreactors (PBBRs). Principally the integration of the reactors is at three locations in a larval production system such as: 1. PBBRs in the reservoir system 2. PBBRs at brood stock maturation system and 3. SBSBRs at the larval rearing. The technology has been further supported under SBIRI scheme for large-scale validation and refinement of bioreactors in aqua-farms.

High-yielding silkworm variety for adoption in Seri-culture Sericulture is an important cottage industry based on agroforestry practiced in more than 60,000 villages and providing employment to 60 lakh people; mostly from weaker section and rural areas •

The high silk yielding Japanese silkworm strains are highly susceptible to baculovirus infection

•

About sixty percent of the silkworm cocoon crop loss in India is due to baculoviral infection at the larval stage

BmNPV infected silkworm larvae

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Department of Biotechnology

•

Transgenic silkworm lines successfully developed against four essential baculoviral genes that have tested for their baculoviral resistance for the last two years

•

Silkworm lines provide over 80% resistance against baculoviral infection

•

The laboratory trials are being conducted in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in collaboration with sericulture centres. The transgenes have been found to be stable in the transgenic silkworm lines.

Early Maturing Quality Maize Hybrid- for Hilly Terrain Maize one of the major sources of calorie and protein is deficient in essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan. Quality protein maize (QPM) contains twice as much essential amino acids than the normal maize. In India, absence of commercial QPM hybrids in the market is singularly responsible for the poor spread of nutritionally balanced maize. Although, there are few hybrids available but all of them are late maturing; hence not fitting into the cropping sequence of the hills •

DBT through Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan(VPKAS), Almora aimed to convert the existing early maturing inbreds to QPM inbreds for developing early maturing QPM hybrids.

•

Under the project, the conversion was undertaken for the parents of Vivek Hybrid 9 viz., CM 212 and CM 145 into QPM versions using ‘Molecular Marker Assisted Selection’.

•

The QPM version showed 9-12% superiority in grain yield over the normal inbred versions.

•

The reconstituted QPM hybrid (Vivek QPM 9) yielded at par with Vivek Maize Hybrid 9 in the Himalayan states (58 q/ha) as well as in peninsular India (54 q/ha) under the All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project during 2005 and 2007.

•

Based on its performance, the hybrid has recently been released for commercial cultivation in the Himalayan states as well as peninsular India.

•

Better quality of protein in QPM is expected to help in reducing protein malnutrition among rural masses. Now efforts are being made to increase further the lysine and tryptophan contents in it.

Tissue Culture Products- Mass Propagation Technologies DBT has set-up a modern state-of-the-art Micro-propagation Technology Park (MTP) at Gual Pahari, Gurgaon, on the Delhi-Haryana border through TERI. With an annual production capacity of 1.5 – 2.0 million tissue cultured plants, the facility is managed by a dedicated team of research scientists and production staff. MTP is ISO 9001 certified and accredited under the National Certification System for Tissue Culture Raised Plants (NCS-TCP). Over 18 million plants have been supplied to various state forest departments, horticulture departments, private entrepreneurs, nurseries, agro-based companies, and farmers Department of Biotechnology

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List of species for which micropropagation protocol is available at MTP Forestry species • • • • • • • • •

Anogeissus spp. Bambusa bambos Bambusa balcooa Bambusa nutans Dendrocalamus asper Eucalyptus spp. Leucaena hybrids Paulownia fortunei Populus spp.

Fruit Species • • • • •

Apple (Rootstock) Banana Citrus (Rootstock) Strawberry Pineapple

Cash Crops and Vegetable Crops • • • • • • • • •

Asparagus Black pepper Ginger Hops Large cardamom Leek Potato Sugarcane Turmeric

Medicinal & Aromatic Plants • • • • • • • • • •

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Aloe vera Artemisia Bacopa monnieri Centella asiatica Chlorophytum borivilianum Patchouli Rauwolfia serpentina Stevia Swertia chirata Vanilla Department of Biotechnology

Ornamentals (Foliage ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Aglaonema Alpinia Calathea spp. Clerodendron inerme Cordyline Dieffenbachia Dracaena Drosera adelae Duranta Euonymus Ficus spp. Fittonia Hosta Hypoestes phyllostachya Miscanthus sinensis Nandina domestica Peperomia Philodendron scandens Philodendron xanadu Phormium Pothos Syngonium podophyllum Yucca

Ornamentals (Flowering) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Amalanchier Callistemon Carnation Chrysanthemum Dahlia Euphorbia Geranium Gerbera Hibiscus Hydrangea Lilium Liriope muscarii Ophiopogon Petunia Pinguicula sp. Plumbago Rose Thalictrum Verbascum Viburnum

Mycorrhiza- a new generation broad spectrum biofertilizer Mycorrhiza is a broad-spectrum non-specific organism that colonizes 85% of land plants. The biofertilizer has a broad ecological adaptability. It offers up to 50% of reduction in Phosphate fertilizer application by better uptake of nutrients like phosphorus and many immobile trace elements like Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo etc. resulting into better nutrition to plants.

t offers tolerance to a range of soil stresses like heavy metal toxicity, salinity, drought and high soil temperatures and also provides high resistance to various soil and root -borne pathogens. Its helps in improving soil health productivity. The DBT-TERI mass production technology for Mycorrhiza has been transferred to several industries. The output is as follows: Cadilla Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Majestic Agronomics (P) Ltd. Neesa Agritech Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad Cosme Pharma Lab. Ltd. Goa KCP Sugar and Industries Corp. Ltd AP

— — — — —

500 1000 500 1000 1000

tones per year tones tones tones tones

4000

tones

Biopesticides- Suitable for Integrated Pest Management Bollcure- A new botanical pesticide is a biopesticide extracted from Eucalyptus plant and the formulation developed through financial support of DBT at TERI, New Delhi. It is a liquid emulsifiable concentrate that has to be sprayed with a dose of 1 Lt over 1 acre. It is: •

Effective against Helicoverpa armigera

•

Results in significant reduction in larval weight (88%)

•

Suitable for both organic and IPM crop practices and conventional as well as Bt cotton

•

Multi-locational trials conducted against cotton and chickpea have proved it to be an effective biopesticide

•

Cost-benefit ratio for cotton is 1:4.15 & chickpea is 1:17.1 Department of Biotechnology

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•

Environment friendly; safe for mammals with LD50 > 2000/5000 mg/kg with a shelf- life of 1 Year

•

Technology transferred to Sri Biotech Laboratories India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad and Pasura Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad.

Bioprahar is a microbe-based biopesticidal formulation developed by ICGEB, New Delhi. An effective formulation comprising the bacterium, surfactants and adjuvant with a shelf life over a year has been prepared. The product has been commercialized in India. Salient Features •

Highly effective against diamond back moth, mealy bug and woolly aphids, red mites of brinjal & okra

•

Ideally suited for integrated pest management programs on cotton, okra, tomato, tobacco, castor etc.

•

No chemical residues in fruits, vegetables, grains, feeds and fodder; it prevents soil, water and air pollution & is eco friendly and safe to use.

Designer’s Crops (Genetically Modified) : Commercial & in pipeline A number of candidate genes identified & tested for •

In-built resistance against insect pests & diseases,

•

tolerance to drought/salinity stresses

•

Improving nutritional quality.

Facts on GM Crops •

So far, India has adopted only Bt. Cotton for its commercial cultivation

•

Bt. Cotton has increased yield by 31% with reduced insecticide sprays by 39% with environmental and health implications

•

Increased income by US$ 250 or more per hectare

Bt cotton Doubled India’s total cotton production •

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Currently over a dozen crops being field-tested including staples crops like rice; vegetables, legumes, oilseeds namely - brinjal, potato, tomato, chickpea, pigeonpea, cauliflower, cabbage, groundnut and rapeseed. Department of Biotechnology

Crops & Traits Rice •

•

Biotic Stress Resistance: Bacterial blight, BPH resistance, gall midge resistance, Blast resistance.

•

Salinity Stress Tolerance

•

Introgression of sub1 locus conferring tolerance to sub-mergence

Wheat •

Mobilizing QTL/Genes for quality traits and biotic stress resistance into high yielding varieties

Maize •

Conversion of inbreds maize to QPM

•

Enhancement of amino acids in elite varieties

Chick Pea •

Cotton

Enhanced fungi resistance

Fibre strength and oil content, gene stacking in Bt.Cotton

Brinjal •

Resistance against Fruit & Shoot borer

Mustard •

Seed yield and oil content, Low glucosinolate, Aphid resistance

Soybean •

Resistant to yellow mosaic virus

Sorghum •

Shoot fly resistance

Groundnut •

Resistance against TSV Virus

OilZapper- An Eco-friendly solution for Oil-spills & Oily sludge •

A bacterial consortium combining the cultures of five bacterial strains that could degrade crude oil and oily sludge

•

Named ‘Oilzapper’, it is appropriate for degrading crude oil and oily sludge ; degrade various types of oily sludge ; end products of sludge degradation i.e.carbon dioxide, water and fatty acids harmless

•

Tested under laboratory and field conditions

•

Already,more than 1.53 Lakh metric tons of oil soaked soil and oily sludge has already been biodegraded and large area of land contaminated cleaned up using Oilzapper

•

Eco-friendly & more economical than conventional technologies

Existing Beneficiaries •

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, India

•

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India

•

Oil India Ltd, India

•

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, India

•

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India

•

Reliance Petroleum Refinery, India

•

KOC, Kuwait (Demonstration) Department of Biotechnology

47

Biotechnology Parks: Centre-state Venture Established in several states through DBT • Aiming to strengthen/develop state biotech-industry capacity-building through public-private partnership • State Govts. encouraged to take lead & proactive role • Funds available through SBIRI and BIPP grant schemes •

Existing Biotech Parks and Incubators •

Biotechnology Incubation Centre at Shapoorji Pallonji Park by Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad – The Park, with an investment of Rs 690 crores by the private companies, has 33 companies and providing employment opportunity to 2400 members. DBT has contributed Rs 17.29 crore to IICT, Hyderabad.

•

Biotechnology Park, Lucknow - The Biotechnology Park at Lucknow has been set up on 8 acres of land. The contribution of the Department for the incubator facility is Rs 21.99 crores.

•

Golden Jubliee Biotechnology Park for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu -Registered as a Society under Tamil Nadu Society’s Registration Act 1975, it is a joint project of DBT and the Government of Tamil Nadu. It is located in Siruseri, Chennai, and fully functional. DBT has contributed an amount of Rs 400.00 lakhs for the park.

•

TIDCO Centre for Life Sciences (TICEL) Bio Park, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - The TICEL Bio Park, Chennai has been established by the Government of Tamilnadu in technical collaboration with Cornell University, USA.

Biotechnology Parks & Incubators in the Planning Stage • • • • • • • •

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Food Biotechnology Park, Mohali, Punjab Business Incubation Centre at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Biotechnology Park, Guwahati Nano Biosym Technology Park, Himachal Pradesh Marine Biotech Incubation at Ahmedabad Biotechnology Park, Kerala Biotechnology Park, Karnataka Biotechnology Park, Orissa

Department of Biotechnology

Biotech Park, Lucknow

Biotechnology in North-East India The North-East Region (NER) of India which is the world’s biodiversity hotspots has been identified by the DBT for focused Research and Developmental activities. DBT has earmarked 10% of its total budget amounting to Rs.100 crore for the year 2009-10 to promote R & D activities in NER and initiated major programmes Education • • • • • • • •

Support to promotion of Star Colleges of NE in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Education and Training Programme Support in the areas of Biotechnology to Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati Programme Support to Clinical Research Network in NE Region Network Programme on Developing Drugs from Medicinal Plants of NER Network on Management of Classical Swine Fever in Piggeries in NER Launching of Special Fellowship/Associateship DNA Clubs (DBT’s Natural Resources Awareness Clubs) for NER Exclusive Biotechnology Overseas Associateship for NER Scientists

Bio-informatics Establishment of North Eastern Bioinformatics Network (NEBINet) • On-line information access facility for Schools • Creation of e-Journal Access Facility • NER-DeLCON- E-Journals access to NER instituions •

Infrastructure • • • • • • •

A Biotechnology Incubator for entrepreneurship development in Assam. Established Regional Research Centre of IBSD in Sikkim State Women Biotechnology Park Bioresources Centre at NEHU, Shillong Modern Infectious Disease Detection laboratory/infrastructure in 11 Medical Schools A Rural Bio-resource Complex targeting 1500 households from 15 villages spread over 5 clusters. Establishment of Biotech Hubs and State Nodal Centres Department of Biotechnology

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Funding opportunities for Public - Private Partnership DBT - support for Biotech Companies Small Business Innovation Research Initiative-SBIRI For early stage & late stage investments for biotech innovations • Middle-size, Start-ups & SMEs eligible • 90 approved projects under way in medical, agriculture & industrial biotechnology sectors •

Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme-BIPP • • • • •

BIPP is an Advanced Technology Scheme high risk, transformational technology/process development Open to all companies for “Break through research” which enables product and process development; and are patentable, with IP ownership rights resting with industry. Infrastructure support provided Areas include: Medical, Agriculture, Bio-energy; Implants & Devices, Instrumentation, Green Technologies & Other industrial products and processes Novel products under development include Products /Processes under development through BIPP Support

I

Health Care IN-105 tablets - oral insulin Drug for Diabetes associated Heart Failure) Mucosal Vaccine For Hpv Immunogens and monoclonal antibodies against pandemic H1N1 Recombinant Human Papillomavirus vaccine H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate 116E

II

Agriculture Stress tolerant rice Transgenic rice tolerant to rice yellow stem borer Eco-safe multiple insect resistant transgenic cotton Non-transgenic Papaya resistant varieties to pa[aya ringspot virus ‘Herbicide & Stress tolerant’ transgenic Onion

III

Energy Self-glucogenic Pearl Millet for Bioethonal products A process for Enhanced Ethanol Yield from Molasses Fermentation ANTI-TNF-a ANTIBODY scFv Biological Hydrogen Product Butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass

Web Address: www.dbtindia.nic.in

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Department of Biotechnology

Science, Technology & Innovation

Defence Research & Development Organisation

Defence Research & Development Organisation PROCESSED AND FRESH FOOD TECHNOLOGIES S. No.

Technology/Product

Brief Technical Profile

Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Self Heating System for Ready to Eat Foods

Self heating system (Therm-O-Pack) is a chemical based heater useful for heating Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Retort processed food in flexible pouches at consumption temperatures without the use of any conventional heating source such as fire, electricity, hexamine tablet etc. Heat generated during the exothermic reaction of certain chemicals, after activation of the process, is capable of heating the RTE food from room temperature to consumption temperature depending on the nature of the product and external temperature conditions.

Useful in field areas to relish warm food where heating is time consuming process

Available and tested

2.

Emergency Survival Ration

Survival ration consists of Chikki (Type-I) made of sugar, liquid glucose and groundnut seeds and Chikki (Type-II) made up of liquid glucose, jaggery, sesame seeds and groundnuts. The Ration weighs about 500 g, provides 2,200 Kcal, is lightweight, easy to carry and has a shelf life of one year. When the soldiers are away from the units for more than 24 hours, consumption of one ration is sufficient for one-day survival and meets basic energy requirements

Survival ration for security forces being used during CI Operations (CI Ops)

Commercialized and by Security Forces

3.

Multivitamin Herbal Beverage from Seabuckthorn

A multi-vitamin herbal beverage has been developed from the fruits of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) plant that grows wild in the high altitude terrains. Processing technology of Seabuckthorn fruits has also been developed with high retention of bioactive compounds of fruits. This drink does not freeze even at subzero temperature.

Can be used as multi-vitamin herbal beverage

Commercialized and being used

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4.

Fresh Food Technologies for High Altitudes

To augment availability of fresh food in high altitude inaccessible areas in Himalayan region, a number of vegetable varieties and hybrids (Tomato Var-DARL 62, Tomato Hybrid DARL-304, Capsicum Hybrid 202, Garlic Var DARL-52, Cucumber Hybrids-DARL101, 102, Cabbage Hybrid DARL-801, 802 ) suitable for Himalayan region have been developed for protected and open cultivation. Green House Technology including Trench Cultivation has been standardized for specific crops. Similarly, packages of practices for boosting animal productivity – dairy cattle, poultry and sheep have also been developed

The developed technologies and agri material/ germplasm can be used to boost agriculture production in hilly regions

Readily Available and being used by farmers

TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTH AND HYGIENE S. No.

Technology/Product

Brief Technical Profile

Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Plague Detection Kit

An Elisa kit for Yersinia pestis organism identification required for early detection of plague so that necessary measures are taken immediately to prevent the epidemic. In the kit, rabbit antibodies are coated to the nitrocellulose membrane and the organism, Y pestis binds to this antibody. The resulting substrate is detected using enzyme substrate reaction. Appearance of brown dots indicates positive results.

Useful for quick detection of Plague in field conditions

Readily Available and tested in real life

2.

Dengue Detection Kit

Diagnostic kit for field detection of IgM antibodies of Dengue has been developed for proper control and effective management of affected persons. All the four serotypes of dengue viruses are circulating in India, leading to fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). There is no effective prophylaxis available against this disease, therefore an early diagnosis plays important role .

Useful for quick detection of Dengue in field conditions

Readily Available and tested in real life

3.

Chikungunya Sandwich ELISA

An antigen detection ELISA kit for early diagnosis of Chikungunya has been developed using purified rabbit antiChikungunya virus polyclonal antibody coated on the ELISA wells to capture CHIKV antigen in patient sera.

Useful for quick detection of Chikungunya in field conditions

Readily Available and tested in real life

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A rapid and low cost indigenous Swine flu virus H1 specific isothermal gene amplification assay has been developed using LAMP technology for reliable and early clinical diagnosis of H1N1 human patients . This is an alternate real-time test system for rapid detection as well as identification of novel H1N1 Swine Flu virus. The assay is based on a simple isothermal gene amplification principle using a specially designed primer set that specifically amplify the H1 gene of novel H1N1 Swine Flu virus only.

Useful for cost effective and quick detection of Swine Flu in field conditions

Tested in real life

To control Dengue and Chikungunya mosquitoes

Available and tested in real life

Frostbite is a severe form of cold injury which can lead to loss of extremities like toes and fingers and is a serious medical problem for those operating in the snow bound cold areas at high altitude. This can lead to loss of affected limbs in untreated cases. Alocal, a herbal Aloe vera-based cream for the management of cold injuries. In addition, this cream can also be used in burns, wounds, and ulcers, cracking and chapping of skin, cuts and as antiseptic dressing.

Prevention and control of frostbite

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

Biodigester is a cylindrical structure of mild steel or fiber reinforced plastic with provision of inlet for human waste and outlets for effluent and biogas. Night soil degradation occurs through microbial reaction which converts it into biogas. This is an eco-friendly technology for disposal of human waste at glacier, other low temperature areas and soil bound cold regions. The process culminates into treated effluent which is free from pathogens and is also environmentally acceptable. During waste treatment, inflammable biogas is generated as a by product which can be used for various energy intensive activities like cooking, water and room heating.

Can be used for eco-friendly bio-degradation of human waste

Commercialized and being used

4.

Swine Flu Detection Kit

5.

Attracticide for Control of Dengue & Chikungunya Mosquitoes

The attracticide is a combination of oviposition attractant pheromone and insect growth regulator having lure and kill property. After isolation and identification of this pheromone from water containing larvae of Aedes aegypti, technology has been developed for synthesis of the pheromone indigenously. The attracticide is sprayed on water bodies to which Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are attracted to lay the eggs. The growth of larvae from the eggs is arrested by insect growth regulator resulting in their death.

6.

Aloe Vera Cream (Alocal)

7.

Bio-digester

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LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS S. No.

Technology/Product

Brief Technical Profile

Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Portable HAPO Chamber

Rapid ascent of soldiers to an altitude of more than 2700 m is associated with a variety of problems like acute mountain sickness (AMS) & High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema (HAPO). Although AMS is self limiting HAPO is quite lethal and requires immediate evacuation of patients to lower heights. One man HAPO chamber is a portable first aid device that provides emergency treatment for varying degrees of Acute Mountain Sickness including HAPO. It works on the principle of increasing the atmospheric pressure around the patient thereby simulating descent from high altitude.

Can be used as first aid device for treatment of Acute Mountain Forces Sickness and High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema.

Commercialized and tested in real life by Security

2.

Tele Medicine System

The system consists of a portable, biomedical data acquisition hardware to acquire and process the physiological parameters (BIODAS) such as ECG, BP, Saturation of Oxygen, Temperature, Heart rate and transmit data to remote location through any communication means like V SAT, ISDN, C Band, INMARSAT , PSTN terminals. The software has two modules one each at the consultation centre and at the specialists’ centre

Transfer of data (Physiological Parameters) from remote areas to specialist centre for confirmatory diagnosis.

Tested in real life

3.

NBC Respiratory Mask

The NBC respiratory mask provides protection to the respiratory tract and face against chemical and biological warfare agents. It provides wide field of vision and has swivel drinking water facility that provides the means for taking liquid refreshments while wearing the respirator. The respirator is available in small, medium and large size and is compatible with other NBC protection equipment used in field operations.

Protection of respiratory system against NBC agents during any eventuality.

Commercializedand tested at lab level

4.

Integrated Hood Mask for NBC Protection

Integrated Hood Mask provides protection against chemical and biological warfare agents, and is specifically intended for soldiers with facial injuries, cuts, bruises, etc and soldiers with parka on their head. It consists of Respiratory Mask, Canister and the Hood. It provides protection against chemical warfare agents for six hours.

Protection of respiratory system and face against NBC agents during any eventuality

Commercialized and tested at lab level

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Defence Research & Development Organisation

5.

The resuscitator is an important medical device used as first aid treatment of respiratory failure in case of chemical warfare agents attack. It is specially designed for emergency ventilation and resuscitation. The standard set comprises of rubber bladder of 1.6 L volume, non- rebreathing valve system, face mask having transparent face piece and inflatable rubber lining and canister which purifies the air and allows pure air into the bladder. The canister contains activated carbon which absorbs toxic gases. The canister can be used for two hours continuously in a contaminated environment.

Resuscitator

Can be used as first aid treatment of person with respiratory failure due to chemical warfare agent

Commercialized and tested at lab level

TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY A S. No.

SENSORS FOR SURVEILLANCE

Technology/Product

Brief Technical Profile

Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Battle Field Surveillance Radar

Battle Field Surveillance Radar is a man portable, battery operated, easy to use and user-friendly surveillance e-sensor radar. The system operates in J Band and has capability to detect, track and classify variety of moving ground surface targets like crawling man, single/group of walking men, light/heavy vehicle and low flying helicopter. Its audio and visual aids help to identify and classify the target decisively.

Perimeter Commerciasurveillance of lized and being vital installations used by Security Forces

2.

Remotely Operated Vehicle DAKSH

DAKSH is state-of-the-art counterterrorist remotely operated vehicle specifically designed to handle hazardous material and suspected objects in public places and installations. This versatile robot is capable of climbing stairs and turn in restricted spaces within buildings and can reach different floors for its mission. It has multiple cameras on-board for aiding the operator to drive as well as pick up and handle sensitive objects.

Surveillance, Inspection, removal and safe handling of explosive materials/ IED

Available and tested at lab level

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3.

Robot Sentry

Robot Sentry is an autonomous navigation technology and can be instructed to go to specified locations inside any campus autonomously, while continuously providing a video feedback of its surroundings. The robot utilizes GPS and a digital compass for determining its location and orientation, and a laser scanner for obstacle avoidance during navigation. The map of the site in GPS coordinates the robot, and is subsequently used for navigation.

B

Useful for Available and patrolling in tested at lab defence/ security level areas

ENHANCING DAY AND NIGHT VISION

1.

Day Vision System

Day Vision System is a standalone optical telescope with visible spectral range for day time surveillance. This system enables security forces to see the target up to 6-7 km in day time in line of sight.

Useful for day Commercialized time surveillance and being used by Security Forces

2.

Panoramic Surveillance Sight

Panoramic surveillance sight is a rotating optics device which views the optical images from 360ˆ angles and facilitates the operator to get panoramic vision without rotating his head. Commander can perform multi-directional surveillance and instruct his team to counteract accordingly

Useful in day time surveillance in multidirectional attack scenario by having all round surveillance

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

3.

Holographic Sight

The Holographic Sight has been developed for small weapons like rifles and carbines to enhance the accuracy of hitting the targets. It is an electro-optic sighting system to apply holographic technology for small arms with unit magnification sight having an embedded reticle in a see-through window. A laser diode inside the sight illuminates the hologram to form the reticle. The shooter looks through this transparent window in which the projected reticle acts as an aim point superimposed on the target scene.

This sight is very useful in closequarter battle, especially in counterinsurgency operations where speed is very critical.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

4.

Commando Light

The Commando Light has been designed to meet operational requirements of the field-forces. Several user-friendly features have been incorporated in the basic unit. Control inputs are given through membrane touch switches on top of the carrying handle and control functions by using micro processor based circuitry. Modes of operations are like flasher mode, time mode, continuous mode and dimmer mode

Useful for viewing the target

Commercialized and being used

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Defence Research & Development Organisation

5.

Goggle Night Vision

The Goggles Night Vision Passive 102 A is a light weight binocular system which can be used for surveillance, driving and map reading during night illumination conditions, The goggles can be mounted on a face mask with the help of a sliding assembly. A small IR emitter for short distance viewing/map reading is also provided. The equipment also has provision for dioptric adjustment. To protect the goggle and its accessories during transit a FRP case transit and a case canvas are also provided

The Passive Night Vision Goggles can be used for surveillance, driving and map reading during night by military and paramilitary forces

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

6.

Night Sight for Modern Sub-Machine Carbine (MSMC)

To enhance firing capability of the Modern Sub Machine Carbine during night, a Passive Night Sight (PNS) has been designed and developed. It is a compact, lightweight electro-optical device based on 18mm double proximity focused super gen image intensifier tube. . Infantry personnel can use it for accurate aiming of weapons at night. The sight has been developed for quick engagement of the man size target during night and can be fitted on MSMC weapon with specially designed mounting bracket.

To enhance firing capability of the Modern Sub Machine Carbine during night

Commercialized and by Security Forces being used

7.

Binocular Night Vision

The Binocular Night Vision Passive 101A is used for surveillance at company and platoon level. This binocular can provide vision at night using the night ambient low levels of illuminations of stars / moon.Range of recognition for human subjects - 300 m ,vehicles / tanks 500 m Under clear starlit night medium contrast

Can be used for observation and surveillance during night by security forces.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

8.

Light Weight Passive Night Vision Binocular

The Light Weight Passive Night Vision Binocular is used for surveillance at company and platoon level. This binocular can provide vision at night using the night ambient low levels of illuminations due to stars / moon.Range of recognition for human subjects - 300 m (detection), 200 m( recognition) for vehicles 500 m (detection), 350 m (recognition.)

Can be used for observation and surveillance during night by military and paramilitary forces.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

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9.

Passive Night Sight for INSAS/ LMG Rifles

Passive Night Sight (PNS) for 5.56 mm Rifle (INSAS) is a compact and lightweight sight using micro channel image intensifier tube for accurate weapon aiming and surveillance at night by the infantry personnel. This sight provides vision at night using the night contrast low level of illumination due to star/ moon. The PNS is suitable for fitment on the 5.56 mm Rifle/ LMG (INSAS) by the special mounting bracket designed and developed for this purpose.

Can be used for observation, surveillance and accurate weapon firing during night by military and paramilitary forces.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

10.

Hand Held Thermal Imagers

Hand Held Thermal Imager (HHTI) is a cooled MWIR detector, which can enable the security forces to see the terrorists or any moving object in complete darkness. These are portable sights for surveillance & reconnaissance. Range of detection - 6 km for vehicle, 2 km for human and recognition - 2 km for vehicle, 1.5 km for human

Useful in conducting counter terrorism operations in night for surveillance & reconnaissance purposes

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

11.

Helmet Mounted Thermal Imager

Helmet mounted thermal imager (HMTI) with un-cooled MWIR detector is based on 320 x240 micro-bolometer FPA (8-12m). It is light weight, compact and modular in design and enables security forces to see the target in complete darkness with both hands free. It can also be useful in fire fighting and rescue operations. HMTI enhances vision of a driver for night driving and can operate on the vehicle’s battery

Useful for viewing the target and victims under complete darkness, foggy and smoky conditions

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

12.

Weapon Mounted Thermal Sight

Weapon Mounted Thermal Sight (WMTS) is a thermal imaging camera based on advanced 3rd generation 320x256 InSb FPA cooled detector (3-5 μ) developed specially for hand held weapons and can be mounted on guns, light machine guns etc for aiming in complete darkness. This can also be used as a corner shot weapon system during night operations

Useful in counterterrorism operations during night for viewing and aiming the target

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

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Defence Research & Development Organisation

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DETECTION SYSTEMS

1.

SAW Sensor for Detection of Explosive and Sarin

SAW sensor has been developed for vapour phase detection of chemical warfare agents such as sarin and its stimulant DMMP and explosives such as DNT and TNT. The technology used will also help in development of sensor array and pattern recognition methodology for detection and identification of chemical warfare agents and explosives

Can be used to Available and detect the tested at lab presence of level explosives (DNT and TNT) and sarin in laboratory conditions.

2.

Explosive Detection Kit

The Explosive Detection Kit based on spot test colour reactions is capable of detecting and identifying explosive ingredients used in the bomb blasts based on trace explosive ingredients of the order of 10-4 g. It is very useful for pre and post explosion analysis. The operator can specifically identify the explosive ingredients such as TNT, RDX, PETN, Black Powder, Dynamite, NC, NG, CE, inorganic nitrates, RDX based plastic explosives etc. used in the blasts by comparing the standard colour chart provided with the Kit.

Detection and identification of explosive ingredients used in the bomb blasts

Commercialized and being used

D. INCAPACITATION OF EXTREMISTS 1.

Oleo-resin (Chilli) Based Hand Grenade

Oleoresin (OR, a Chili extract) based grenades are totally safe, simple to operate, user- friendly and extremely useful for flushing out terrorists from their hideout. These grenades can be thrown by hand up to 40 meters into the hideouts / agitated mob and are easily dispersed as smoke (aerosol) from pyrotechnic mixture. The grenades when used emit tear gas for more than 30 seconds after a delay of 2.5 ± 0.5 seconds, making the person to come out due to lacrymation, irritation and suffocation. The body of the grenades is made of plastic, which melts when the grenade bursts thus making it difficult to throw back

To incapacitate terrorists and flushing them out from their hideouts (tunnels, fields, dense jungles, broken grounds etc.) without casualties, and for mob dispersal/ riot control operations

Commercialized and tested

2.

CR Based Shells

A non-lethal munition CR (Dibenz-[b,f]-1,4oxazepine) based shell is peripheral sensory irritants and can be used as a riot control agent. The shell is safe and simple to operate for flushing out terrorist from their hideout. It can be fired from a conventional gas gun up to 150 meters to the hideouts / agitated mob and is easily dispersed as smoke (aerosol) from pyrotechnic mixture. The grenades when applied emit smoke / gas for more than 30 seconds after a delay of 2.5 ± 0.5 seconds, making the person to come out

To incapacitate terrorists and flushing them out from their hideouts and for mob dispersal/ riot control operations

Commercialized and tested

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3.

Short Range Laser Dazzler

Hand held short range laser dazzler is a non lethal crowd control and tactical area denial laser device having an operational range of 50 meters. The device has been tested under simulated conditions and is particularly suited for counterinsurgency operations. With its higher power, the dazzler creates a credible glare effect in a larger spot size for use on moving vehicles or individuals. This feature is critical for the protection of entry control points and convoys, at distance, in day and night ambient conditions. It is the most compact laser device available that is suitable for antipersonnel operations.

To dazzle the human eyes

Commercialized and tested at lab level

E COMMUNICATION AND JAMMING 4.

Combat Net Radio Interface (CNRI)

CNRI consists of master and slave units for combat operations. It facilitates voice and data transfer over low bandwidth half duplex, error prone Combat Net Radio Network and enables a mobile commander to access networks resources from a remote location. The hardware used is a advanced RISC microcontroller based system and constructed as two subsystems master at exchange side and slave unit at mobile user side.

Voice and data transfer over low bandwidth half duplex and to access networks resource from a remote location

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

5.

Wireless Message Transfer Unit(WMTU )

WMTU facilitates data transfer over low bandwidth half duplex, error prone Combat Net Radio (CNR) Networks. It enables a mobile commander to access network resources from a remote location. The hardware is a Pentium based single board computer (SBC) with media interface hardware on its PC104 bus. The software incorporates compression fragmentation, forward error correction interleaving and ARQ techniques for robust and reliable data transfer over radio media.

Facilitates mobile commander access to network

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

6.

STRIDE Radiofrequency Jammer

The convoy jammer mounted on TATA SAFARI vehicle offers protection to VVIPs and military convoys from the threat of radio controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIED). The system is modular in design and employs efficient RCIED muting techniques which facilitate system operation in selected threat bands. The system is designed to counter the prevailing RCIED threats and is upgradable.

Can be deployed for protection of military convoys from the threat of radio controlled improvised explosive devices.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

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Defence Research & Development Organisation

7.

Mobile Phone Jammer

The mobile phone jammer mutes the cellular phones operating in CDMA, GSM and EGSM bands. The system packaged in a suitcase effectively prevents the cell phones operating within a region of 25-30 m from both receiving and making the calls. It operates on built in battery pack or external 24V DC supply and can mute mobile phone triggered radio controlled improvised explosive devices.

Useful in muting the cellular phones operating in CDMA, GSM and EGSM bands in conference halls, prayer halls, auditoriums etc.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

8.

Portable Jammer

The suitcase mounted hardware is designed and developed to mute expand radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIED) working in 20-500MHz range. The hardware is packaged in two suitcases to effectively counter the threats in 20-500MHz range. The two units can work independently. System operates on external 24V DC supply.

Jamming of RCIED

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

9.

Citizen Band -Suitcase Jammer

Exclusively developed to mute RCIEDs operating in citizen band of 136-174MHz. Employs smart muting technique and offers higher jamming ranges than conventional jammers as the total power is concentrated on the detected threat frequency. System developed as technology demonstrator.

Jjamming RCIED Commercialized in 136-174 MHz and being used band by Security Forces

F. MOBILITY AND OPERATIONAL AIDS 1.

Bullet Proof Gypsy & TATA 713

Various types of bulletproof vehicles based on light commercial vehicles suitable for deployment in counter terrorist operations and for VIP security have been developed. A prototype of ‘Bullet Proof TATA 713’ 4x4 version with better cross-country mobility has been also fabricated. Jackal armour plates have been used to provides protection against National Institute of Justice (NIJ) level III protection. These vehicles are fitted with firing ports for offensive retaliation

Provides protection against enemy bullets. Under use by Police, Paramilitary and Special forces for counter insurgency operations (CI Ops)

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

2.

Riot Control Vehicles

Riot control vehicles ‘VAJRA’ and ‘MINI VAJRA’ have been designed using available commercial vehicles and are suitable for law enforcement duties and transportation of security forces along with their riot control gears to the affected areas. The vehicles are fitted with multi-tube tear gas launchers on roof and are fitted with firing ports for retaliation from inside the vehicle. The

Riot control by Special forces for law enforcement duties and transportation of security forces.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

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vehicles are also equipped with accessories such as fire extinguishers, foldable stretchers and wind direction indicator

G.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION Useful for ballistic Available and protection of tested head and for hands free communication during CI Ops/ LIC operations.

1.

Ground Troop Communication Helmet - Bullet Proof

This personnel armor systems for ground troops (PASGT) helmet provides ballistic, fragmentation, aural and impact protection. The helmet conforms to National Institute of Justice (NIJ) level II standards for ballistic protection. For hands free communication, the helmet is integrated with a boom microphone and a earpiece which is connected to a radio set to transmit/receive voice. RT set allows the soldier to monitor single or multiple radios/intercoms and transmit on the selected frequency. The information passed through this radio set is secured to avoid any unauthorized interception.

2.

Light Weight Body Armour

Consists of soft armour panels (SAP) and hard armour panels (HAP’s).The SAP is flexible and covers about 5000 cm2 area of important body parts whereas HAP (25 cm x 30 cm each) is placed in front and back of body armour and provides protection to critical organs of the body as per specifications of National Institute of Justice (NIJ)

Can be used for protection of the body against enemy bullets during CI Ops/ LIC operations.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

3.

Synthetic Life Jacket

The synthetic Life Jacket-Mk1 has been developed to protect the Army personnel from drowning in water while crossing any water bodies or river. It is Oil repellant, Water retardant, Flame retardant, Light weight i.e. 1.0 Kg, Buoyancy - 18.5 Kg

Life jacket can be used for crossing water obstacles and bridging operations.

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

4.

Emergency Escape Chute

The emergency escape chute is a tubular fishnet made of strong fire resistance Kevlar fiber which is kept extended by incorporation of aluminum alloy rings in the net at an interval of one meter for evacuation of persons, who get trapped in high rise building due to fire accident. Modifications as per requirement are possible and the same can also be used for rescue operations and can also be attached to helicopter or aircraft. It can also be used for climbing from ground to the helicopter or vice versa.

Provides a safe & effective method of evacuation from high-rise buildings and oil rig platforms

Available and tested at lab level by Security Forces

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TECHNOLOGIES & PRODUCTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL DISASTER S. No.

Technology/Product

Brief Technical Profile

Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Portable Satellite Communication Terminal

It is a compact, light weight satellite communication terminal that provides secure voice/data channel through Indigenous GSAT 2 satellite. Entire equipment including antenna and power supply is housed in a brief case for easy portability.

Ideal for use in remote areas for establishing emergency communication

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

2.

Integrated Field Shelter

Integrated field shelter , modular in nature with size of 2.4 m dia x 35 m length is man portable and can be erected within short time in natural calamity inflicted areas to provide shelter to affected families and to carry out rescue operations. One shelter is adequate for housing 30 persons. It has provision for storing drinking water, fitted with micro processor based communication system and alarm for Gama rays Shelter is blast proof (23 psi)

To provide shelter Commercialized to natural and being calamity used by affected Security persons Forces

3.

De-Salination of Water

Electro dialysis De-salination plant converts Brackish water up to 5000 ppm TDS into potable water. It has Pressure Filter, Pump and Heterogeneous ion Exchange Membrane, and has 4 stages per module and 19 cell pairs per stage. The energy consumption is about 5-6 kwh per 1000 litres per kg of salt to be removed

Very useful in brackish water treatment, specially after floods.

Commercialized and being used

4.

Water Testing Field Kit

Ascertain water potability for drinking purposes. The kit is provided with testing facilities for both physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. The tests are semi-quantitative and on accept/reject basis. The kit can test the parameters like pH, turbidity, total hardness, iron, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, residual chlorine and coliform bacteria.

Can be used for on the spot assessment of physico-chemical quality and bacteriological contamination of drinking water

Commercialized and being used

5.

Water Poison Detection Kit

Water poison detection kit helps detection of deliberate or accidental contamination of water with various poisons such as mercury, arsenic, cyanide, chemical warfare agents and bacterial contaminants. The kit employs simple tests, which are based on color reactions and can be performed by unskilled persons in the field.

Can be used to Commercialized detect poisonous and being used agents in drinking water under field areas

Defence Research & Development Organisation

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6.

7.

8.

9.

66

Iron Removal Unit

Meals-Ready-to-Eat (MRE)

Life Detector-SANJEEVANI

Light Weight Foldable Stretcher

Water in Eastern region of our Country is highly contaminated with iron causing discoloration, turbidity and deposition in distribution system apart from astringent taste. A simple and cost effective, water deferrisation unit can be used for removal of excess iron from ferruginous water which is able to bring down the iron content from 40 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l (permissible limit). The output capacity of the system is 300 l/h and can cater to the need of Army barracks Provide hygienic, nutritious and tasty food to the persons deployed in the forward areas where fresh produce may not be available and cooking is cumbersome and time consuming.Food items have been specially developed for use in such areas. They are convenient, light weight, pre-cooked and hygienically packed. A wide variety of preparations have been carefully chosen to meet diverse taste. They are ready to eat or can be easily prepared within a very short time . They are shelf stable for a period of one year under ambient conditions Sanjeevani acoustic life detector is designed to detect live human beings trapped under debris of collapsed buildings, landslides or endangered mines. It can be used in all emergency rescue operations. The low level acoustic or sound signals generated by hitting, tapping, scratching or moaning which are indicative of life are detected by the device. It is very effective in detecting sounds through air or through the brick walls even when the source of sound is a few meters away. The special feature of this equipment is that the sound signals can be detected even through water. The design of the device permits operation by one person A Light Weight Foldable Stretcher made of high strength lightweight materials comprising of aluminum and nylon etc has been developed for Armed Forces. It folds into four segments and can be brought into operation within one minute. The stretcher is user-friendly and is around 6.6 kg in weight.

Defence Research & Development Organisation

Removal of Commercialized excess iron from and being used drinking water by Security Forces

Can be used to meet nutritional requirements during natural calamity situations and special missions

Commercialized and being used by Security Forces

Detection of live Commercialized human being and being used trapped inside soil/ debris during disaster Management, Building collapses etc.

Can be used for evacuation of casualties during Natural disasters

Commercialized and tested

10.

Typhoid Detection Kit (Typhigen)

Detection of Salmonella. typhi antigen for diagnosis of Typhoid fever, which is an important water borne disease and major health problem in the aftermath of floods, earthquake and other natural calamities. Antibody measurement of single serum sample by conventional Widal test is not helpful in endemic areas and the detection of rising antibody titres is too slow to allow quick decision by the clinician. Therefore, a latex agglutination based test has been developed using recombinant DNA technology.

Leptospirosis Antigen Detection Kit (Leptodec)

An antigen detection kit for diagnosis of Leptospirosis which is an important water borne disease and major health problem in the aftermath of floods, earthquake and other natural calamities. The disease is caused by the bacterium Leptospira and is prevalent in tropical countries.

12.

Malaria detection kit (Falcipin)

Falcipin kit is based on agglutination of Histidine Rich Protein (HRP-II) secreted by malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum during asexual stages and rapture of parasite. HRP-II protein has been purified and recombinant protein made available by DNA technology. The polyclonal antibodies are coated on latex particles and used as detection system for malarial antigen from suspected blood samples. The positive sample shows a clear agglutination reaction within two minutes.

Useful in early Available and detection of tested in real life Malaria in natural calamity situation

13.

Light Weight Fire Protective Suit

Light weight fire approach and fire proximity suit are available weighing 6.4 and 7.2 kg having three & four fabric layers respectively. Approach suits protect body from radiant heat for 10 minutes and the proximity suit for about 4 minutes against conductive, convective and radiant heat. The components of suit include- coat, trouser, overall, hood, gloves & boots

Protection against fire during any natural or man made calamity

11.

Useful in early Available and diagnosis of tested Typhoid fever to adopt effective control measures in natural calamity situation

Useful in early diagnosis of Leptospirosis in natural calamity situation

Available and tested

Available and tested at lab level

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14.

15.

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Multi Insect Repellent (DEPA)

A broad spectrum insect repellent manufactured using the base drug diethylphenylacetamide developed indigenously to protect human beings from the painful bites of blood sucking organisms such as mosquito, flies, ratflea and land leeches. The spray, cream and lotion formulations have been developed. Extensive studies have been carried out for its bio-efficacy and toxicity including inhalation toxicity. No untoward effect on mammalian systems has been found.

Mitigation of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

It is a clinical syndrome which occurs generally after a latent period of some days or even months after exposure to various kind of stress. The symptoms include recurrent intrusive recollections of the stressful event, autonomic over activity (rapid pulse, tremors, wide pupils, startle reactions), emotional detachment, avoidance of stimuli that might arouse and recollections of trauma. DRDO has done lot of work on mitigation of PTSD in low intensity conflict infested areas of J&K and North East and has come out with various modules to overcome it

Defence Research & Development Organisation

Can be used for protection against mosquito bites and as insect repellent

Commercialized and being usedby Security Forces

To overcome Available and PTSD in natural being used in calamity real life affected persons

Science, Technology & Innovation

Ministry of Earth Sciences

Ministry of Earth Sciences MoES area of competence cover a gamut of policies and programmes that contribute to societal benefits in the areas of Weather (General), Weather advisories specific to agriculture, aviation, shipping, sports, etc, Monsoon, Disasters (cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, sea level rise), Living and non-living resources (fishery advisory, poly-metallic nodules, gas hydrates, etc), Coastal and Marine Ecosystems and Climate Change. The programmes of the ministry have been cast broadly into the following categories viz., (i) Atmospheric science and related services, (ii) Ocean science and related services (iii) Disaster Support (iv) Polar science and cryosphere (v) Ocean technology(vi) Coastal and marine Ecology (vii) Climate Change Studies (viii) Ocean Resources (ix) Extramural Research (x) Infrastructure Development/Outreach. MoES aims to create a framework for understanding the complex interactions among key elements of the Earth System, namely ocean, atmosphere and solid earth, by encompassing national programmes in Ocean science, meteorology, climate, environment and seismology. Some of the technology of core competence to ministry which could be of interest to State governments is as follows:

Atmospheric Science and Services District-level agro-meteorological advisory services: Quantitative District-level agro-meteorological advisory service along with 5 days advance, covering all 450 met districts, has been made operational for farmers from December 2009 in partnership with a number of Central Government Ministries and organizations, state level institutions, private agencies, NGOs, progressive farmers and media. Through this service, farmers receive farm based advisories during sowing season, regarding weather-sensitive high yield variety of seeds, need-based application of fertiliser, pesticides, insecticides, efficient irrigation and harvest. Monsoon Prediction: The Ministry, as a major path breaking step has taken up the modernization of India Meteorology Department (IMD), envisaging up-gradation of observing and forecasting systems, communication facility and services rendered. The Government has approved Rs 920 Crore for the first phase of IMD modernization. The main objective of the modernization programme is to enhance India Metrological Department’s capability to provide accurate observations and advance warnings against natural hazards and develop appropriate dissemination systems to inform the public and disaster managers for initiating necessary actions so that lives and properties are saved. It is envisaged that within this decade IMD will emerge as a transformed and globally competitive organization, fully equipped with modern observational systems and network capable of providing to the Nation knowledge based services hitherto unavailable. Strengthened Atmospheric Observing Systems by completing installation of over 200 systems, including AWS, ARG, DWR, GPS sonde, wind profiles, etc. Data Processing System for INSAT 3D has been set up for immediate operational use as soon as it is launched. Out of 4 high performance computing systems planned as a part of modernization, two have been installed and will be operational by January 2010 one each at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad and Indian Institute of Tropical Metrology (IITM) Pune. The will augment substantially capability of Assimilation and coupled models. Increase the resolution of the current GFS to T382L64 (horizontal resolution of approximately 35Km Ministry of Earth Sciences

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Cyclone monitoring: The Cyclone Forecasting Wing in IMD has a three-tier structure to cater to the needs of the maritime states and other users. There are Cyclone Warning Centres (CWCs) at Visakhapatnam, Ahmedabad and Bhubaneswar that provide cyclone warnings for coastal regions of the maritime states in which they are located. In addition, there are area-based Cyclone Warning Centres (ACWC) at Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai that not only provide warnings to their respective maritime states but also supervise the advisories of these centres under their jurisdiction. The ACWCs / CWCs issue warnings at three hourly intervals to ships in the high seas, ships in coastal waters, ports, fishermen, government officials and the general public regarding adverse weather likely to be experienced in their respective areas. During a cyclone warning, bulletins are broadcast through All India Radio (AIR) and electronic and print media. When a radar station tracks the cyclone with confidence, which happens usually about 24 hours before landfall, hourly broadcasts are also made. Warning dissemination channel Cyclone warnings are disseminated through radio, television, print media, telephones, fax, telex, telegrams, police wireless network et al. A specially designed Cyclone Warning Dissemination System, which works via the INSAT satellite, provides area specific service even when there is a failure of conventional communication channels. These warnings are issued for general public, officials of Central and State government responsible for disaster mitigation and relief, industrial and other establishments, railways, aviation, communications and power authorities. These warnings are disseminated in two stages. The first stage is called “Cyclone Alert” that is issued 48 hours in advance of the expected commencement of adverse weather over the coastal areas. The second stage is known as “Cyclone Warning” and a warning for this is issued 24 hours in advance. A pre-cyclone warning is instituted prior to cyclone alert and a post landfall outlook is issued for areas in the interior, which may be affected by the cyclone. Skills and capabilities The average operational forecast error of IMD for 24 hours track forecast is about 140 km. Considering the landfall forecast of cyclones, based on the last five years’ data, the 12 hour and 24 hour landfall forecast errors are comparable with those of other ocean basins. However, continuous efforts are being made to improve effective dissemination of efficient forecasts. This can be achieved through improved scientific understanding, enhanced observation network and improved modelling technique through collaborative research. Improved telecommunication mechanism, along with coordination with media and disaster management personnel are given prime importance in this effort. Besides, timely projects are undertaken for improved understanding and prediction through special observations in and around the tropical cyclones and utilizing improved modelling techniques. Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment - CAIPEEX: IITM has taken up a Phase I multi-year, multi-institutional programme on CAIPEEX. The phase-I program conducted during the monsoon of 2009. The aircraft being used is a twin engine Piper Cheyenne N361 JC pressurized, which can go up to an altitude of 25000 ft. It was fitted with scientific instruments to measure several parameters. The CAIPEEX completed 120 hours of flying as a part of Phase-1. CAIPEEX program is intended to address the intricacies of the aerosol-cloud-rainfall interactions. It has two components viz. (1) Understanding Cloud–Aerosol interaction and (2) Precipitation Enhancement. The experiment uses statistical methods in conjunction with numerical model simulations to evaluate the performance of the experiment. Phase I and Phase I Phase II (planned for 2010) are for data collection Phase-III will be devoted for the detailed scientific analysis of the data. This information could be useful for some states where cloud seeding experiments are being conducted

Ocean Science and Information Services Fisheries Advisories for identified Potential Fishing Zones (PFZ): A unique system of Fisheries Advisories based on identification of potential fishing zones (PFZ) using remote sensing technology has

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been made operational. A new Tuna fishery advisory on experimental basis has been initiated. The PFZ advisories prepared in local languages and local measurement units are disseminated to over 225 nodes, thrice a week through innovative and novel initiatives such as Electronic Display Boards and Information Kiosks at the fishing harbors, radio, print media, emails and web sites supplementing fax and telephone. Over 70 electronic Display boards were installed in selected coastal areas for dissemination of the information.

Disaster Support Early Warning System for Tsunami and Storm Surge: A state-of-the-art Tsunami Warning System was set up, with a capability to forewarn of impending disasters within 13 minutes of the occurrence of an earthquake, whereas the Tsunami takes more than 2 hours to reach mainland India. The early warning system monitors potential tsunamigenic earthquakes, sea level propagation of tsunami waves in the ocean, and consequent sea level changes. This centre has been recognized as a Regional Tsunami Watch Provider for the Indian Ocean Region and started operation of Level-1 services as Regional Tsunami Watch Provider (RTWP) to the Indian Ocean Rim countries. Microzonation Studies of Selected Urban Centres: Microzonation is a multi-disciplinary and multiinstitutional effort, which has direct application in disaster mitigation and management, urban development, planning, design and construction, and risk assessment to existing life & property, defense installations, heavy industry and public utilities and services, etc. During the last few years’ efforts have been made to take up microzonation studies for Delhi, Guwahati, Sikkim and Bangalore. While the microzonation of Guwahati and Sikkim has already been completed on 1:25000 scale, the work related to Delhi on 1:50,000 scale has been completed and the maps are being further refined on 1:10,000 scale.

Polar Science & cryosphere As in earlier years, MoES undertook expeditions to Antarctica and Arctic for research in Polar Regions. There are in addition to our permanent round- the- year 25 strong contingents of scientists, doctors and support staff in Antarctica. Polar research may reveal important aspects of climate change and warming over thousands of years. Considering the critical importance of polar science, India is in the process of setting up of 3rd Antarctica station.

Ocean Technology Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD): In May 2005, a 1 lakh litre per day capacity of Low Temperature Thermal Desalination Technology was developed, commissioned and made operational at Kavaratti (Lakshadweep) for providing the fresh water to the islanders. Using Waste Heat from Power Plants, NIOT demonstrated LTTD technology by commissioning a plant and producing fresh water at the first trial run at the North Chennai Power Plant on 22.2.2009.The capacity of the plant is 1 lakh liter per day. It is running successfully. Besides, 3 more desalination plants of 1 lakh liter capacity one each are being setup at Minicoy, Agatti and Androth of Lakshadweep islands. One plant at Agatti is to be commissioned by March, 2010. Currently, Public-Private Partnerships are being explored for further development of the technology for up scaling to capacities of the order of 10 million litre per day offshore plant. Mining Technology: Towards harnessing deep sea resources, National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) developed and tested an instrument to measure sea bed soil properties in-situ, at a depth of 5200

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metre. A prototype for Remotely Operated Vehicle has been developed and tested successfully at a depth of over 3000 metre. The complete hardware and software for the instrumentation and control system was developed by Indian scientists. India is one among the handful of nations bearing the capacity for deep sea mining. National Institute of Ocean Technology, the technical arm of the Ministry of Earth Sciences has taken up this challenging area of developing technologies for harnessing ocean resources. As a part of technology development for harnessing the Gas Hydrate Technology NIOT is in the process to develop and demonstrate a 6000m rated deep water work class remotely operable vehicle (ROSUB6000) in association with the engineering design bureau of Oceanological Engineering, Russian Academy of sciences of Moscow. Deep water trials of ROSUB were conducted at a depth of 3000 m in the Bay of Bengal in May 2009 successfully.

Coastal Marine Ecology Field station for Ornamental Fish Culture: A Field Research Station at Agatti island of Lakshadweep during March 2009 to develop hatchery technology for captive breeding of marine ornamental fishes and transfer this technology to the islanders. This will help in enhancing the livelihood of the people as well as protect marine biodiversity. Technology for fattening of Lobsters and mud crabs: National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, successfully developed and disseminated viable technology for fattening lobsters and mud crabs in cages to select beneficiaries in Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and Andaman Islands, on an experimental basis. There has been a substantial improvement in earnings of coastal fishermen due to implementation of this scheme. The technology for seaweed culture will be extended to 100 women beneficiaries in Gulf of Mannar region, 25 women beneficiaries each for lobster fattening in Gulf of Mannar and crab fattening in Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Climate Change Science Centre for Climate Change Research: The Ministry has set up a dedicated centre for Climate Change Research at Pune to address various scientific issues relating to climate change including impacts on sectors like health, agriculture and water. With the mandate to explore and assess targeted science-facets of climate change that are of high relevance for the Indian region, along with their global linkages through the creation of a research infrastructure to be coordinated by a exclusive program on climate change science, integrate existing research groups and develop new groups through the development of institutional research network, developing collaborative linkages with international institutions and research groups to enhance research capabilities, coordinate systematic observation program for climate change related parameters including fluxes, over Indian region and ocean in the neighborhood.

Ocean Resources Delineation of Outer Limits of Continental Shelf UNCLOS) under the provision of the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea – 1982. The Ministry with the support of the research institutes completed the entire work relating to data/analysis of sea-bed sedimentation etc. in order to stake India’s claim to the continental shelf by the prescribed dead line of the 12th May, 2009. India made a partial submission in pursuant to Article 76 of the 1982 UNCLOS towards the establishment of the outer limit of its continental shelf beyond zoo nautical miles in May, 2009.

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Science, Technology & Innovation

Indian Space Research Organisation/ Department of Space

Indian Space Research Organisation/ Department of Space Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)/Department of Space (DOS) has the primary responsibility of development of space technology, science and related applications towards achieving self reliance and to contribute in all round development of the nation. ISRO/DOS undertakes research and development activities related to space technology in the country and implements various space programmes towards meeting the societal needs. Antrix Corporation was set up by ISRO/DOS to promote commercial exploitation of space products, technical consultancy services and transfer of technologies developed by ISRO with the active participation of Industries. ISRO/DOS is committed for following: •

Carrying out research and development in high end technologies required for satellites and launch vehicles with a goal to achieve self-reliance

•

Providing space-based infrastructure for telecommunications and broadcasting needs of the country

•

Providing satellite imagery and contributing towards natural resources survey and management

•

Providing space based services required for weather forecasting/ monitoring and climate related studies

•

Providing space based services required for developmental purposes to the Central Government, State Governments, Quasi Governmental Organisations, NGOs, private sector and common man

•

Promoting research and development in space sciences and planetary exploration

India has operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) series in sun-synchronous polar orbit, namely, IRS-1D, Oceansat-1 & 2, Technology Experiment Satellite (TES), Resourcesat-1, Cartosat-1, 2, 2A, Indian Mini Satellite (IMS-1) and RISAT-2. India has, one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites, for earth resources studies, in the world today. These satellites provide data with spatial resolutions ranging from 360m to less than 1m and in different spectral ranges – visible, near infrared, short wave infrared and microwave with frequent revisit capabilities. Further, some of the INSAT satellites in geostationary orbit also provide coarse resolution earth observation data, specifically for weather systems studies and monitoring. A unique system called National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) has been set up to optimally manage country’s natural resources using Remote Sensing and conventional techniques. State level Remote Sensing Application Centres (SRSACs) have been set up under the technical guidance of ISRO/NNRMS to carryout Remote Sensing application projects for the particular state/region. Under the aegis of NNRMS, large number of projects have been carried out by ISRO and SRSACs at National/Regional/Local levels. INSAT, one of the largest domestic communications satellite constellations in the region, provides services in S-band, C-band, Extended C-band and Ku-band addressing wide varieties of user needs in the country. With more than 200 transponders, the INSAT system serves many important sectors of the Indian economy. INSAT/EDUSAT has played an important role in the country’s social development through well laid out education program. Tele-medicine network has been established to cater to the poorer section of society in rural villages. The technology provides necessary linkages to reach super specialist medical services to the remote and rural population. Almost all the states in the country have made use of the space technology applications with diversified results. Particularly, ISRO/DOS has taken specific initiatives through respective State Governments to Indian Space Research Organisation

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see that necessary manpower and infrastructure is established to use space technology at State level. This has helped many States to establish State Remote Sensing Application Centres (SRSACs) which cater to all natural resources related applications for developmental purposes. Following figure illustrates the nation-wide coverage of such centres and their institutionalisation framework to cater to all developmental efforts of the country. Some of the major technology/applications which are used/made available towards developmental applications and commercialisation are:

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Description

Validation/Utility

1.

Ground water prospect and recharge maps under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM)

Ground water prospects and recharge maps on 1:50,000 scale towards scientific source finding of water and for recharging have been prepared using remote sensing data.

Ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa and Gujarat) have been completed in different phases and remaining states are being taken up. So far, more than 275,000 wells have been drilled with above 90% success rate and more than 7000 recharge structures have been constructed.

2.

National wasteland mapping

Wasteland maps for the entire country have been prepared on 1:50,000 scale during 1986-2000 and updated in 2003. Further updation of Wasteland types using 2006 satellite data is nearing completion.

The maps are used for identifying areas for reclamation (to bring under cultivation, afforestation etc.). The comparative analysis of statistics shows that there is reduction of 8.58 Mha (63.85 - 55.27 Mha) area during these periods, equivalent to 2.71% to total geographical area of the country.

3.

Watershed development plannin

Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) project, based on integration of various themes and collateral information, carried out in about 84 Mha in 175 districts of the country, wherein watershed wise land and water resources management plans were prepared.

The inputs generated under IMSD have been used by many district authorities for implementing land and water resources development plans. Remote sensing based studies helped in understanding the impact of watershed development works and providing suggestions for midcourse corrections/ improvements Innovative use of remote sensing, GIS and web based MIS/GIS has enabled close monitoring of the project implementation and has brought in transparency. The S/W tools developed under Sujala Project is being replicated for NWDPRA and IWDP projects.

Under National Watershed Development Programme for Rain fed Areas (NWDPRA), about 120 watersheds throughout the country were monitored during 8th and 9th FY plan period to assess the impact of various developmental programmes, which had been undertaken in those watersheds. Participatory monitoring and evaluation of 752 micro-watersheds under Sujala Watershed Development Programme in 5 districts (Kolar, Tumkur, Chitradurga, Dharwad & Haveri) of Karnataka has been carried out.

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S. No. 4.

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Technology / Applications Potential Fishing Zone Advisories

Description

Validation/Utility

Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) forecasts are made by integrating information on Ocean Colour and Sea Surface Temperature (SST), both derived from the satellite data. PFZ advisories in local languages and local measurement units are disseminated thrice in a week to Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Kerala, North Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands by Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) of Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Under INCOIS, 370 nodes have been established and PFZ information is sent through phone, fax, email and electronic display boards where PFZ maps are being distributed. Through internet and Web-GIS further about 5700 user groups are receiving the forecast including fishery departments/ central govt. agencies/corporate and fishermen groups. In total more than 30,000 users are benefited through PFZ forecast. Feedback indicates on an average 80% success rate in catching fish.

5.

Monitoring of agricultural drought

The National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System (NADAMS) project, operational since 1989, involves the analysis of satellite data and integration with ground information for assessing the prevalence, severity and persistence of agricultural drought at district and sub-district level during the Kharif season (June to October).13 states - AP, Karnataka, TN, Orissa, Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and Rajasthan are covered.

Monthly drought reports are submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture and State Departments of Agriculture and Relief Commissioner of different states. The drought information is used in the crop review meetings and contingency planning during the season. At the end of the season, the drought information is used as input for the drought declaration process.

6.

Urban and infrastructure development

Establishment of National Urban Information System (NUIS) for about 158 towns with the objective of establishing a comprehensive information system, which will enable the urban local bodies to prepare Master/Zonal plans, and administering towns/cities in a scientific manner.

High-resolution data has been very useful for mapping and preparing the master plan development for many cities/town of the country, such as, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bangalore, National Capital Region, Pimpri, Indore etc. Many infrastructure related studies/projects have been also carried out using remote sensing data like, pipeline routing, road alignment etc.

7.

Disaster Management Support (DMS)

Monitoring and impact assessment of all major natural disasters cyclone, flood, drought, earthquake, landslide, forest fire, tsunami etc.Creation of digital database - spatial and attribute, in GIS Generation of close-contour information for hazard zonation -

The information is provided to concerned State Relief Commissioners/District Authorities, MHA, NDMA and others. In addition satellite based Virtual Private Network (VPN) linking the vital players (like MHA, National Emergency Operation Centres

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Description

Validation/Utility

flood, landslide, tsunami stormsurge using Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM)All weather imaging capability through development of Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-SAR)

NEOC) involved in disaster management with the multi-hazard prone State Emergency Operation Centres (SEOCs), Disaster Support Centre (DSC) of ISRO/DOS has been set up. WLL-VSAT, Satellite Phone (INSAT Type-D), Fishermen Distress Terminal (DAT), DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System (DDWS) have been tested and deployed/being deployed.

8.

Natural Resources Census (NRC)

The NRC project aims at generation of a set of thematic maps using IRS images to prepare natural resources information layers viz., land use/land cover, soil, land degradation, wetlands, vegetation, snow & glaciers and geomorphology at 1:50,000 scale and land use/land cover at 1:250,000 scale, periodically for monitoring of natural resources

The project is being executed with the active involvement of SRSACs. The information is useful for identifying hot spot areas which has under gone rapid changes, and for conserving the natural resources. The information is made available through portal www.bhusampada.nrsc.gov.in

9.

Forecasting Agricultural output through Agro-meteorology and Land based observations (FASAL)

Crop Acreage and Production Estimation (CAPE) is a countrywide project executed by DOS along with various State Remote Sensing Applications Centres, State Departments of Agriculture and Agriculture Universities. Acreage and production estimates for principal crops such as wheat, rice, sorghum, cotton, potato, mustard and groundnut are generated under the project using stratified random sampling approach.Based on the experience of CAPE, Forecasting Agricultural output through Agro-meteorology and Land based observations (FASAL), which envisages phased implementation in collaboration with State Agricultural Statistical Agencies has been institutionalised.

The figures on pre-harvest acreage and production estimates are regularly provided to DAC in advance for assessing the crop production scenario.

10.

Space based Information System for Decentralized Planning (SIS-DP)– being taken up

The aim of this project is to prepare district resource atlases using remote sensing and GIS techniques on 1:10,000 scale comprising land use, settlement, road network, slope and other natural resources to strengthen various aspects of decentralised

The outcomes of this mission is envisaged to establish and enable the information system comprising of spatial natural resources and non-spatial data towards supporting the panchayats & districts for the decentralized planning. The project is intended to be executed and

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Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

district level planning through a coordinated approach. The work has been initiated for A.P., Assam, Haryana, Kerala and West Bengal.

supported by State Remote Sensing Application Centres / Institutes / IT Departments and Industries.

11.

Data dissemination efforts

ISRO has been generating and populating large amount of geospatial data and being made available through various web portals.Some of them are NNRMS (comprises Natural Resources Data Base), Bhuvan (Earth Observation Image Visualisation Portal), Bhusampada (NRC project database), MOSDAC (ocean and weather related) www.nnrms.gov.in www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in www.bhusampada.nrsc.gov.in www.mosdac.gov.in www.nrsc.gov.in

Data has been disseminated through various portals of ISRO to authentic users regularly.The recently launched Bhuvan provides satellites images of entire country up to 5.8 m spatial resolution. This portal enables interactive viewing of 2D & 3D images and maps. This has been most popular with more than 5 Crore hits.

12.

Tele-medicine

Tele-medicine facility caters to the transmission of patient’s medical images, records, output from medical services, besides live twoway audio and video conferencing provided through satellite communication link. With the help of these, a specialist doctor advises a doctor in rural area or a paramedic at the patient’s end, online about the medical care. Telemedicine system consists of customized medical software along with medical diagnosis instruments connected through the satellite based communication means (like VSAT), at each location.

Tele-medicine has helped remote/ rural people to get specialty health care at their village/town. Telemedicine project was started in the year 2001. At present 382 hospitals have been linked in the telemedicine programme, out of which 323 are district/rural hospitals and 59 are super specialty hospitals. More than 650,000 patients have availed the services.

13.

Tele-education

An exclusive satellite EDUSAT was launched for this purpose in the year 2004. EDUSAT has specially configured to cater to the need of regional and national level requirements. It has five Kuband transponders to cover the regional areas and one Ku-band and another six C-band transponders for national coverage. The interactions are done through two types of terminals- Receive only Terminals (ROTs) and Satellite Interactive

The main aim is to provide quality education to under privileged rural areas and to provide the services of talented experienced teachers to a larger audience.

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At present, there are 64 Networks working in the country (52,158 Classrooms - 5,083 Interactive and 47,075 Receive only) Regular curriculum based teaching through this programme has helped thousand of students.

S. No.

Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

Terminal Terminals (SITs). ROT connectivity is mainly used for primary schools, where as, SIT links are given for technical and higher education institutes. 14.

Village Resource Centres

The VRC programme launched by (VRCs) ISRO/DOS in 2004 for reaching the benefits of the space technology directly to the communities at the grass root level.

473 VRCs have been set up in 22 States/UTs. 50 Expert Centres and 25 Specialty hospitals are linked in the network

This project strives to promote a need based single window delivery system for providing services in the areas of education, health, nutrition, weather, environment, agriculture and livelihoods to the rural population and to empower them to face the challenges. This is being implemented in association with concerned NGOs/ Trusts/ Institutes, state and central agencies.

More than 6000 programmes were conducted online and around 400,000 people availed the services. Large number offline activities like health camps, SHG awareness, skill development, farmers camps etc have also been regularly organised.

The VRC is a totally interactive (two way audio-video) VSAT based network, linked to various Expert Centres (ECs), where experts are available on various fields like agriculture, animal husbandry, skill development, etc; who provide online advisories to the villagers. Indigenously developed S/W GRAMINS (Gram Resources Advisories Management and INformation System) has been provided to VRCs for visualising Natural resources database. 15.

Distress Alert Transmitter (DAT)

INSAT based Distress Alert Transmitter (DAT) is used to transmit emergency conditions and position location to a central hub station via UHF transponder of INSAT for rescue operation. It can be easily installed in boats or other vehicles. In case of emergency, user just needs to switch on the DAT unit. User is required to select a message (e.g. fire in boat) by pressing the corresponding switch provided in the system. The DAT combines the message with position of the boat

Intended for emergency message communication transmission for all type of sea going vessels. Useful for fisherman.

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Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

obtained through GPS, and transmits the same to a central HUB station. The DAT will repeat the message every minute for first five minutes and then every five minutes till it is switched off manually or until the battery life gets over. 16.

Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) Type D Terminal

This terminal provides voice communication link between two portable terminals and between terminals to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) via hub station. The MSS Type D System is having portable terminal with flat panel antenna and operates in S-band. This is a battery operated terminal with talk time of 3 Hrs and standby time of 24 Hrs.

Voice, Fax and Data communication from any remote location in the Indian mainland region is possible. Reliable communication support when all other conventional means fail.Communication support during disasters like floods, earthquake etc.

17.

Q-PAD Mobile GIS GPS Software

Q-Pad is menu driven mobile GISGPS software and allows access and manipulation of GIS data in field using Pocket PC. Real time integration of GPS data with GIS layer and overlay of GPS, GIS and remote sensing data is made easy through Q-Pad.

Useful for in-situ data collection, field level disaster damage assessment and GPS data collection

18.

Satellite based interactive IP Network (SIIP)

Satellite based Interactive IP (SIIP) network developed for EDUSAT programme of ISRO is low cost and most suitable for small size broadcasting network requirements. The IP Interactive network consists of a Satellite with minimum 3 MHz bandwidth, the Network Control Station in the Teaching End, unlimited Receive Only Terminals (ROT) intended to receive the programs and a group of Satellite Interactive Terminals (SIT) for two way audio/video interactions.

Useful for non interactive & interactive e-Learning; Corporate training programs; disaster management service and for satellite based news gathering

19.

Phantom Connectivity

ISRO has developed Phantom Network Toggling Mechanism. The system comprises of an organizational network, third party network(s) (say internet), a phantom server with intermediate data storage, a toggling mechanism to isolate the organizational

To and fro email transfer between public and organization network and file downloading from Internet (or any other network) to organization network without connecting both of them.Enriching usage of thin client base Internet surfing without comprising on user

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20.

21.

Technology / Applications

DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System

Satellite Photogram-metry Software for Indian Remote Sensing Missions-Cartosat-1 (SAPHIRE-C)

Description

Validation/Utility

network from the third party network. It permits secured data communication between the organizational network and the third party network. The network toggle control is through PC parallel interface. This is extremely useful to organizations for allowing users connected to their Intranet to send email to external world without connecting Intranet with Internet. Phantom connectivity model enables organization to copy users download data from Internet to Intranet without connecting both the networks. Some features are: low cost, 24X7 operated, high (100/ 1000 Mbps) speed data transfer, high reliability, secured and fully automated.

needs to get download data on organization network.

ISRO has developed a DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System which will find wide applications for disaster warning dissemination during flood, earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, landslides, civil disturbances etc. Function(s) of each warning receiver deployed at different places can be controlled from transmit end. The system can disseminate data Direct to Home (DTH) or to community centres and public places. Warning message originating station will select individual receiver or group of receivers at a time deployed at different parts of the country. Receiver consists of a specially designed SET TOP BOX with Hardware and Software.

Disaster warnings broadcasted from Government agencies during emergencies

ISRO has developed Satellite Photogrammerty Software for Indian Remote Sensing Missions – Cartosat-1 (SAPHIRE-C) which can process Cartosat-1 satellite stereo data products to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Orthoimage for the user interest area. The software accepts the Cartosat-1 stereo-pair products and Ground Control Points (GCP)

The DEM can be used in applications like extraction of drainage patterns, contour line generation, terrain visualisation and generating Orthoimage. The Orthoimage can be used for topographic mapping applications. This also gives a bird’s eye view of the terrain undulation of the given area to an appreciable accuracy.

Viewing entertainment programs broadcasted on free to air channels

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Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

as inputs. The software has been tested on a variety of regions from plain to highly hilly terrain and is utilized in various remote sensing application projects. 22.

Automatic Weather Station (AWS)

The state of the art Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is designed as a very compact, modular, rugged, powerful, low cost system and housed in a portable, self contained package. The AWS consists of compact Data Logger, Data Transmitter, Crossed Yagi Antenna, GPS, Solar Panel and Meteorological Sensors (e.g. air temp., relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction, wind speed, solar radiation, rain gauge, soil temperature, and soil moisture etc.). AWS Transmits Meteorological data every hour from any remote station installed in the foot print of INSAT / KALPANA Satellite. The DRT on board INSAT 3A and Kalpana satellites has capacity to accommodate over 10,000 such AWS systems spread over the country.

The AWS can immediately provide information on current weather and an anomaly from normal/ expected weather. The AWS systems especially in coastal areas could provide valuable data on the landfall of tropical cyclones and their impact in terms of heavy rainfall and high winds. Specific advisory services related to agriculture- irrigation, scheduling, fertilizer application, spraying of pesticides etc. could also be generated by a team of agronomist / meteorologist using data from AWS. A network of more than 1000 AWS has already been established by ISRO / ANTRIX in close collaboration with user agencies.

23.

IGIS Software

Indigenous GIS (IGIS) software package is indigenously developed to carry out GIS analysis and image processing for Natural Resource Development. IGIS is a seamless Geomatics application with both single user / multiuser platform and includes GIS, Image Processing and its integration with the real time information using GPS.

Low cost, robust image processing and GIS package.

24.

Search and Rescue Beacon

Search and Rescue Beacon is an affordable and technically advanced electronic device that helps to rescue people in distress through satellite communication. The beacon transmits encoded digital message that contains information about the beacon, such as its unique identification number, country where the beacon is registered etc. along with current location of the beacon. The beacon

The beacon is used in sea, on difficult terrains on the land and in air by various groups of people.

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S. No.

Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

gets location information from Global Positioning System. Various search and rescue satellites under COSPAS-SARSAT network receives transmitted signals. The messages are processed and retransmitted to different ground stations. These dedicated ground stations receives message and alert rescue centres nearest to spot of accident. The rescue centre in turn initiates rescue operation. 25.

Sparse Area Communication System

The Sparse Area Communications System (SACS) consists of one Hub and up to 16 Remote Terminals (RT) providing voice and data service to about 1500 subscribers spread over widely separated areas hitherto not covered by existing communication technologies in a cost effective way. The SACS system consists of a Hub and multiple Remote Terminals subsystems connected by a satellite link. The Hub has standard interfaces to PSTN and Internet for voice and data traffic. It also interfaces to a Network Management System (NMS) for control and monitoring of the entire SACS System. The RT uses a 2.4 m Antenna interfacing to a corDECT system for voice and data connectivity and supports a user base of up to 200 subscribers.

To communicate in widely separated areas, which are not covered by existing communication technologies.

26.

Polyurethane Foot

Polyurethane systems are mainly used as microcellular elastomers and foams. The development of PU foams for rocket motor applications has resulted in an important spin off in the form of artificial foot prosthesis. ISRO has developed the moulding technique to produce integral skin polyurethane foot possessing required mobility, gait dorsiflexion, planar flexion properties etc. The PU foot developed by ISRO has numerous advantages over the traditional Jaipur foot. The prostheses were made of variable density microcellular elastomer. It

Amputees especially among the poor and needy in the country are being benefitted from free prostheses replacement.

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S. No.

Technology / Applications

Description

Validation/Utility

has natural look, light weight, more durable, cosmetic, comfortable, slip resistant and easy to manufacture. The average weight of the foot is about 500 g. ISRO has transferred the technology of making PU foot to a social organization viz. Bhagwan Mahavir Viklang Sahayta Samithi (BMVSS), Jaipur. The license was given free of charges and is targeted to provide more than 20,000 foot per year for non commercial purposes. Field trials and rehabilitation camps have been organized by BMVSS at various places. 27.

Doppler Weather Radar (DWR)

DWR system is the result of the indigenous design and development activity carried out at ISRO to achieve self sufficiency in this crucial technology by harnessing a knowledge base available within ISRO. Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) provides precise advance warnings, enhancing the lead time for saving lives and property in the event of natural disaster associated with severe weather. The DWR is operated in the surveillance mode with continuous scanning either in clockwise or counter clockwise direction. The required range, range resolution, antenna scanning rate, number of range gates etc are set through the radar controller. The radar is currently in operation at SDSC, SHAR by IMD team and has provided valuable information on severe weather events like cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and also contributed very effectively in providing weather wise launch support for the launch vehicle missions of ISRO.

Provides quantitative information about the intensity and radial velocities of cyclones, area rainfall rate & accumulationSubstantially increases the lead time for cyclone warning and remedial measuresIdentifies accurately the threatened areasImproves the accuracy of mesoscale rainfall estimates for flash flood warningImproves the understanding and forecasting of thunderstorms, hailstorms, tidal waves, wind turbulence and shear.Provides visualization of storm structure

Apart from the above, ISRO/DOS has developed number of Technologies/Applications in the areas of natural resources management, communication, weather, disaster related etc., which has contributed significantly for the development of the country. Further ISRO/DOS has established symbiotic linkages with more than 500 industries in small, medium and large scale sectors, either through procurement contracts, know how transfers or provision of technical consultancy. So far, 289 technologies have been transferred to modern industries for commercialisation and 270 technical consultancies have been provided in different disciplines of space technology.

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Science, Technology & Innovation

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

Council of Scientific & Industry Research

Affordable Health S. No.

Technology/Product/ Laboratory

Brief Technical Profile and Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Amerometric Digital Biosensor CSIR - National Physical Laboratory

First Amperometric Digital Biosensor ever developed in India. It is a measurement and monitoring system that uses a biomolecule, as a part of a transducer that specifically transforms a biochemical reaction relating to concentration of an analayte of a sample into an analytical signal.

Real life

2.

An Herbal Extract for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia with a possibility to treat prostrate cancer. It also relates to a new use of the extract from the leaves or any other plant part of Murraya koenigii and Tribulus terrestris in the treatment of prostate diseases.

Real life

Present invention provides a simplified method of bioactive extraction and a simplified fast and inexpensive process for the preparation of extract possessing significantly high biological activities relevant to treatment, relief and remedy of prostate cancer. 3.

Anti-Scratch Coatings on Plastic Ophthalmic Lenses and Sheets using Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute

• Nanotechnology based process for making thermally curable sols (lacquers) for applying optically clear anti-scratch coatings on plastic CR-39®, PC, PMMA etc.) ophthalmic lenses, sheets and other shapes by dipcoating technique (curing temperature 90-95°C.)

Real life

• Higher shelf life (> 30 days at room temperature and >100 days in refrigerator (5±1°C) in closed condition);

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• Refractive index of the coatings can be varied from 1.48 – 1.54 • Coating can be done on complicated shapes (e.g. bifocal D- or O-shaped lenses) & previously tinted plastic ophthalmic lenses

4.

Arteether (á/â): A New Drug for Drug Resistant & Cerebral Malaria CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute

Arteether (á/â) is more effective than â Arteether developed by WHO for the treatment of malaria patients. Clinical trials have shown 84 to 100 per cent cure with 3 dose I M injection.Compared to other artimisinin derivatives, arteether show exceptional safety as judged by high LD50 dose in mice (> 1250 mg/.kg.) which makes the better therapeutic index of the drug. In severe malaria cases including cerebral malaria for multi drug as a second line of treatment in resistant malaria, complicated malaria due to P. falciparum.

Real life

5.

Artemether: Blood Schizontocidal Antimalarial CSIR – Central Drug Research Institute

• A fast acting, blood schizontocidal agent which attacks at the erythrocytics stage of malaria in blood.

Real life

• This is suitable in severe malaria cases including cerebral malaria as a second line of treatment for multi drug resistant malaria and complicated malaria due to P. falciparum.

6.

Centchroman: Oral Contraceptive for Female CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute

• First non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill developed in the world. • A safe contraceptive effective in weekly dose. • No environmental health & safety hazard, • Technologically competitive and economic process operation. • Technology commercialized.

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Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

Real life

7.

Collagen Based Biomaterials for Dermal Wound Care and Pain Reduction CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

Collagen based biomaterials suitable for wound care and pain reduction at a very competitive and affordable price. These are India’s first natural, non-immunogenic, non-pyrogenic, sterile, tempo-rary biological skin covers with bacterial barrier properties for burns, open raw wounds and other skin complications with shelf life 2-5 years. Collagen based wound provide faster recovery with single application. The chances of complication also reduces Collagen based wound care products are marketed by three Indian companies and one company in Malaysia Bench scale

Bench scale

8.

Fructo-Oligo-Saccharides CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI)

The Oligosaccharides possesses several beneficial properties. They are low molecular weight carbohydrates that have great potential to improve the functional quality of many foods. It is water soluble, and mildly sweet.

Real life

9.

Mannitol CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)

• A method for production of Mannitol, (a six-carbon sugar alcohol or polyol). • The Mannitol is a valuable nutritive sweetener because it is non-toxic, nonhygroscopic in its crystalline form and has no teeth decaying effects. • Mannitol does not induce hyperglycemia, which makes it useful for diabetics. • Can be used as a sweet builder in sugar free chewing gum and in pharmaceutical preparations • Finds application in treatment of head injury to decrease cerebral edema, intracranial pressure and food poisoning cases

Lab scale

A drug used world-wide for the treatment of diverse circulatory disorders, especially myocardial infarction. This innovation lead to production of streptokinase drug at 1/ 10th price in comparison to available international drugs.

Real life

10. Natural Streptokinase CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT)

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11. Risorine - Advancement in Tuberculosis Therapy CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)

• Combination of Rifampicin (200 mg), Isoniazide (300 mg) and Piperine (10 mg) developed :– -

– -

-

12. Simultaneous Determination of total Hemoglobin and Glycated Hemoglobin CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI)

Real life

Similar therapeutic benefits at less than ½ dose of conventional therapy; Better safety and tolerability;– Lesser drug – drug interaction; & Faster and superior cure rates. Risorine will reduce cost of Rifampicin – Isoniazide containing formulation by 23% Drug commercially available Real life

A novel HbA1c sensor based on nonenzymatic electrochemical analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a blood sample as ‘one shot analysis’ has been developed for the first time. The HbA1c measurement is a more reliable indicator of the diabetic state, dispensing the randomness associated with blood glucose estimation.

Lab scale

This electrochemical kit, which is simple, inexpensive and patient-friendly, will facilitate efficient management of Diabetes mellitus. About to be launched in the market. The cost of analysis per sample is expected to be 1/5th of the existing conventional analysis.

13. Portable Pulse Oximeter CSIR – Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO)

A Pulse Oximeter is a portable, noninvasive monitor of pulse rate and oxygen saturation that enables prompt recognition of hypoxemia. It is non invasive, provides real time display of Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate, gives alarm indications and audio beep on each pulse.

Real life

14. Production of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Powder CSIR - National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML)

• First of its kind in India hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic powder which is widely used as cost effective bone graft material in Orthopedic and Dental segment.

Real life

• Till now most of the available products are imported brands with prohibitive price in India. • Technology commercialized.

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15. Recombinant Streptokinase CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT)

• A recombinant version of natural type streptokinase has been developed which is roughly ten times efficient as the natural SK production technology.

Real life

• Would further reduce price of the drug for heart treatment.

Building and Construction S. No.

Technology/Product/ Laboratory

16. EPS Door Shutters CSIR – Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

Brief Technical Profile and Applications • EPS door is a foam core, agroforestry wooden laminated frame • Lighter than wooden door shutter

Scale of Validation Real life

(14 kg/m2) • Economical, 15% cheaper than wooden shutter • Conforms to IS:4020-1994 • Approved by CPWD 17. High Performance Bitumen Binders CSIR –Central Road Research Institute (CRRI)

Have improved rheological properties and enhanced fatigue life, higher resistance to rutting and thermal cracking under different traffic and climatic conditions.

Real life

18. High Performance Polymer Modified Bitumen CSIR – Central Road Research Institute(CRRI)

• Imparts higher life and reduces maintenance cost.

Real life

• Helps in saving of about 30-40%. • Transferred to 10 small scale industries. 19. High Volume Flux Bonded Fly Ash Ceramic Technology for Building Components CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST)

A unique process developed utilizes up to 80% by weight of fly ash to make red coloured building components such as bricks, pavements, tiles, glazed tiles etc.The process is adaptable to the traditional brick and tile industry with appropriate mechanization and will conserve up to 80% of natural clays and use up to 80% of fly ash. The plant should be preferably in the premises of the thermal power plants and the process is suitable for pond ash and stored ash as also with dry fly ash.

Pilot scale

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20. Instant House for Disaster Victims CSIR – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI)

• Weight: 500 Kg • Easy to assemble • 20 houses can be transported in truck

Real life

• Convenient and durable foundations • Fire retardant • Panels made of industrial waste and natural fiber

21. Semi-Mechanised Brick Making Machine CSIR - Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

An extrusion Machine to manufacture 4000 wire cut bricks per hour, with an economically low rate of power consumption. This machine is of advance design; provide efficient service, indigenously available involving a small capital outlay.

22. Technology for Anti-Corrosive Coatings CSIR – Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

• Resistant to coastal environment • Improvement in elongation, tensile strength, flexibility, adhesion, chemical resistance and reduction in the water vapor permeation

Real life

Real life

• Excellent resistance to chemicals and fertilizers

23. Vertical Shaft Kiln-Mini Cement Plant for Cement Manufacture CSIR - North East Institute of Sciencen and Technology (NEIST)

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• Suitable for cement manufacture of different plant capacities ranging from 20-100 TPD. • Viable even for a place having small deposits of raw materials.

Real life

Chemicals and Associated Products S. No.

Technology/Product/ Laboratory

Brief Technical Profile and Applications

Scale of Validation

24. Aluminium Alloy Anodes CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute

Eco-friendly process know-how for the manufacture of aluminium anodes incorporating indium that is simpler and easy to control without compromising the performance of the anodes.

Real life

25. Bio-Heap Leaching of Low Grade Copper from Lean Sulphide Ore CSIR – Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

Suitable for the huge quantities of lowgrade copper ores lying at the mine site to produce pure copper metal in the country. Would help in savings on account of foreign exchange in addition to prevention of environmental pollution due to acid mine drainage.

Pilot scale

26. Catalytic Coating Technology for Anodes of Membrane Cells CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI)

The composition of the overlaying active coating has been suitably altered to enhance the difference between the chlorine evolution potential and oxygen evolution potential so as to minimize oxygen evolution as far as possible. If the entire chlor-alkali membrane cells in India are provided with such coating, Rs. 60 crore could be saved. At the same time valuable foreign exchange can also be saved. Life of coating is about 7 years.

Real life

27. Catalytic Coating Technology for Cathodes of Membrane Cells CSIR–Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI)

If the entire chlor-alkali membrane cells in India are provided with this coating Rs. 60 crore could be saved on foreign exchange for every 5 year and an energy saving of 3600 million kwh.

Real life, technology transferred

28. Flow Improver CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST)

Majority of the Indian crude oils have high wax content. Flow improvers reduce the pour point, viscosity, and yield value and help in easy restart in case of shut down in the pipeline. Flow improvers tend to be specific to crude oils in view of the differences in chemical compositions. A wide range of flow improvers are available suitable for the Indian crude oils.

Pilot scale

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29. Formaldehyde free Synthetic Tanning Agent CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

A first of its kind in the world a multifunctional matrix with sulfonated aromatic compound, free of formaldehyde. Use of this syntan in tanning enhances the uptake of chromium to above 93%. The syntan provides a means for pickle free chrome tanning thereby reducing the total dissolved solids in the effluent. Currently marketed by M/s. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Ltd under the name ‘TANAID’.

Real life

30. Kojic Acid Production CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)

A new method for production and purification of Kojic acid by fermentation of the marine fungus Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.In the food industry, kojic acid is used as an inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase, an enzyme responsible for the blackening of agricultural products. In medicine, kojic acid is used mainly because it can eliminate free radicals and thus act as antioxidants. The use of kojic acid in cosmetics in the form of gels and soaps is to achieve skin lightening effect by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase thereby reducing the production of melanin formation. It also blocks the formation of pigmentation and evens out skin tone.

Real life

31. Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid (Conversion of Fe-III to Fe-II) CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

A new process for conversion of Fe-III of merchant grade phosphoric acid into Fe-II through Electrolytic reduction. The process has been demonstrated at Talcher.

Bench scale

32. Nano Rare Earth Oxides and Phosphates CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology(NIIST)

Nano metal oxides and phosphates are types of materials with growing market on a global basis. Most of the nano metal oxides commercially available from countries abroad are very expensive. The developed new process for production of Nano particles is through hydrolysis-peptisation technique. The average cost of the nano particles will be Rs. ~1000-2000 per Kg only.

Lab scale

98

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

33. Pesticides : Phosphamidon and Quinalphos CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST)

Phosphamidon an important organophosphorus synthetic insecticide extensively used in various crops. It is parti-cularly effective against aphids, stem borer, leaf hoppers, mite thrip, grass-hoppers, ball-worms, white flies etc. Quinalphos: It is a contact and stomach insecticide and effective against both biting and sucking insects as well as mites and plant hoppers.

Pilot scale the technology transferred

34. Pre-stressed Concrete Monoblock Broad Gauge Railway Sleepers CSIR – Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC)

Better stability, Inherent resistance to track buckling, Longer service. High strength concrete and high tensile strands used for production. Suitable for long line method for production. The know-how has been passed on to the NRDC, after satisfying the technical requirements of RDSO, Lucknow.

Real life

35. Recovery of Chromite Values from Low Grade Chromite Ores & Tailings of Chromite Beneficiation Plant CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

Suitable for treatment of both low grade ore of ~ 16% Cr2O3 to obtain ~ 46 to 48% Cr2O3 at 20 to 24% yield. The plant is also dovetailed with flotation circuit to recover chromite from the slimes, which is first of its kind in India / abroad. 500 tpd commercial plant has been set up at Sukinda by Jindal Stainless Limited.

Real life

36. Synthetic Tanning Agents: Alutan and Alcrotan CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)

Alutan and Alcrotan are two mineral synthetic tanning agents (syntans) which at the time of their development had no international equivalents. Alcrotan is an innovative light fast syntan based on chromium and aluminium. While conventional basic chromium sulfate employed in the leather industry for tanning had an uptake of around 40 – 60% (at the time when this syntan was developed), this product ensured uptake of more than 90% of chromium and aluminium.

Real life

Alutan is an aluminium based syntan with irreversible binding of aluminium(III) (conventional aluminium salts even with masking are washed out of leather), which affords fuller leathers making suede processing easy with color richness. By combining Alutan with basic chromium sulfate in tanning a zero waste closed-loop tanning methodology has become a reality. The technology transferred.

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37. Ultrapure Solar Salt CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)

A new process for the recovery of very high purity solar salt with in the field. The process is based on the modification of the salt crystal morphology in such a way that agglomeration and consequently, the impurity level in the salt are reduced considerably. The heap washed salt analyzed >99.5% NaCl with highly reduced levels of calcium and sulphate impurities hitherto not achieved in solar salt production.

Real life

Cultivation and Processing of Economic Plants S. No.

Technology/Product/ Laboratory

Brief Technical Profile and Applications

Scale of Validation

38. A New Carvone Rich Mentha Longifolia CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM)

A new Mentha variety “Anant Carvomint” which is carvone rich. !Carvone essential oil is mainly obtained from Mentha which is widely used in flavouring of food, candy, chewing gums, toothpastes, confectionary and pharmaceutical preparations. The essential oil of Anant Carvomint has wider acceptability in the perfume flavour and pharmaceutical industries, as per evaluation by Indian Essential oil Industry.

Real life

39. Agrotechnology of Gladiolus CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

It is an important floral crop for the cut-flower trade. Its magnificent spikes in wide range of colours remain fresh for a pretty long time and are very much valued for making floral arrangements for interior decoration.Its wide array of colours and long vase life has made it most sought after cut-flowers. The agrotechnology for commercial cultivation for the plains has been passed on to the 1000 progressive farmers. Over 400 acres of land is now under gladiolus cultivation in and around Lucknow based on the technology. Lucknow and its adjoining districts has now become a strong centre of commercial floriculture.

Real life

100

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

40. Ashwagandha Variety, CSIR NMITLI-118 CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

A new Aswagandha variety Ashwagandha CSIR NMITLI 118, the molecules present in this variety have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritis and anti-stroke properties; andThe root yield of the variety is about 15 Quintals per hectare under standard agronomic and climatic conditions approximately 75 kg seed yield per ha under standard agronomic and climatic conditions. Value of the Root Harvest: Rs. 101,250 per hectare (at the current rate of Rs. 75/kg and root yield of 13.50 q/ha). Value of Seed Harvest (common commercial rate-Rs. 55/kg) Rs.5,500 per hectare.

Field level

41. High Menthofuran and Pulegone Containing Genotype of Mentha Piperita ‘CIM-Indus’ CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

A new variety of mentha called as CIM- Indus. It contains Menthofuran (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7tetrahydrocoumarone) one of the major constituents for aroma of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Mentha piperita. As any other compound has not duplicated the aroma effect, menthofuran is important in the formulation of certain synthesized essential oils, such as peppermint oil. Menthofuran is an expensive compound of limited availability as the plants produce 0 to 6% menthofuran (US Patent PP11,788). The CIM-Indus yielded about 72kg oil in two harvests in a year having about 27% menthofuran content and about 15% pulegone content.

Real life

42. Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘CIM-Arogya’ for Production of Antimalarial Drgu Plant Artemisia Annua CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

Artemisinin, derived from a plant Artemisia annua, is the only cure from chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The demand of this drug is on rice and currently not even 50% of the drug demand is fulfilled mainly because of unavailability of raw material. As a result every year about a million people lose their lives because of malaria. Improved agro-technology of this plant and genetically tagged superior variety CIM-Arogya produces significantly higher yield of artemisinin (upto about 1%) than any other variety developed world-over. This genotype is first drug yielding plant, developed through molecular breeding.

Real life

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43. Improved Agrotechnology and Plant Variety ‘Kosi’ for Production of Menthol Mint Oil CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

Per capita productivity of superior variety `Kosi’ developed has enabled farmers to take this crop as a bonus between Rabi and Kharif.

Real life

Menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) cultivated in more than 1.60 lakh hectares land in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and has emerged as major industrial crop and therefore is extremely popular among small farmers. It is believed that over 3,00,000 farming families grow this crop regularly contributing 75-80% global menthol mint oil produce bringing them a profit of about Rs 75,000 per hectare in about 6 months (two harvest). However, in transplanted menthol mint crop a farmer can earn Rs 35,000 in about 3 months (one harvest). India has attained global leadership in production and supply of menthol mint oil generating additional employment opportunities to the extent of about 4 crores mandays per annum.

44. Insect resistant Bt-cotton technology CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

Developed technology for the first time for transgenic cotton which is resistant to Spodoptera litura and other bollworms. Environmentally safe and economically competitive alternative to chemical pesticides. Cotton is a lead cash crop in India, provides livelihood for more than 60 Million people in India .The area covered for cultivation of cotton is around 9 million hectares, highest in the world. However average yields in India is 319 Kg/Ha as compared to 603 Kg/Ha of the world average. Major reason for low productivity is that cotton is highly susceptible to insects. Nearly half of the total pesticide used in crops is used for cotton which amounts approximately Rs.12 Billion/Year.

Pilot scale

45. Java Citronella CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST)

This Java Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) is high oil yielding variety of aromatic plant and extensively used in perfumery industry as an important source of high aroma. This suitable for wasteland/barren land or where jhum or shifting cultivation is practiced.

Real life

102

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

46. Mushroom Cultivation CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST)

Developed cultivation process and technology for edible mushroom as well as spawn production technology. Mushroom is a protein rich in amino acids, minerals and vitamins favored by people throughout the world. Mushroom has turned out to be an ideal choice for societal development of NE as the climatic condition favour its growth and also there is huge demand in NE itself. It has proved to be a successful venture as it requires low investment and minimal land. The target groups for possible beneficiaries are urban and rural poor, women, SHGs and unemployed youths. Prior to CSIR effort there was no mushroom cultivation activity in the NE India.

Real life

47. Plant growth promoting microbial inoculants CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

Identified novel microbes Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bacillus and Trichod-erma, have the ability to control phytop-athogenic fungi, promote plant growth, tolerance for abiotic stresses, and solubilize phosphate even under abiotic stress conditions.

Real life

The products are useful as plant growth enhancer and biofungicide for seed, soil and foliar applications, such as it promotes plant growth, ensures uniformity of plant germination, development and maturity, successfully competes with resident microbial populations, enhances plant beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere, compete with disease causing microbes. The composition is very durable therefore can be stored for at least 1 year due to the stabilization process of the microbes for its longevity.

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48. Seawater-based Indigenous Potash Technology CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)

A novel integrated process for the recovery of Recovery of sulphate of potash fertilizer (SOP) from bittern through an economic route. India has no traditional resources of potassium and the total requirement of about 3-4 million ton of potash is met through imports every year. The “Bitterns” are rich source of Potash in the country. Besides this, a vast quantity of natural bittern is available in Greater Rann of Kutch (GRK) due to natural inundation and evaporation. If potash recovery is delinked from salt production—as would be the case in the Greater Rann of Kutch—it may be possible to even meet the entire requirement of potash in the country. It has the lowest salt index and is virtually free of chloride, which makes it a superior fertilizer to muriate of potash.

49. Sweet Smelling Peppermint Genotype ‘CIM-Madhuras’ CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP)

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Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

A new variety of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) by the name of CIMMathuras. It produces characteristic essential oil having medicinal, therapeutic and beverage properties. The evaluation trial of CIM-Madhuras conducted in the farmer’s field near Lucknow indicated the estimated oil yield of 107 kg based on the data of two harvests in a year/per ha.

Real life

Drinking Water S. No.

Technology/Product/ Laboratory

Brief Technical Profile and Applications

Scale of Validation

1.

Animal Powered Device for Brackish Water Desalination CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)

A unique water desalination system, which uses animal energy to energize the high-pressure pump to effect brackish water desalting by RO process. Water desalination system having animal power as prime mover consists of speed increaser, high-pressure pump and membrane modules. The above system can produce 300-500 LPH product water for feed water TDS (total dissolved solids) in the range 3000-5000 ppm. The output shaft is coupled to the crankshaft of the reciprocating high-pressure pump, which discharges 1200 LPH feed water. Harmful elements such as fluoride, arsenic, nitrate and heavy metals are simultaneously removed along with other salts during the desalination process and the permeate water is also free from bacteria.

Real life

2.

Chemo-defluoridation process with unit for removal of excess Fluoride from Water CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI)

• A Chemo-defluoridation process/ unit for removal of excess fluoride: • Useful at domestic as well as community level

Bench scale

• Chemicals are provided in sachets • Water is palatable after treatment of fluoride • pH of treated water does not decrease • Can treat water upto 20 mg/L fluoride • Sludge itself acts as adsorption media for removal of fluoride • No need of sludge treatment for disposal • Leaching of fluoride under normal atmospheric conditions < 0.1 mg/L

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3.

Development of Cost Effective Mine Water Reclamation Technology for Safe Drinking Water CSIR - National Metallurgical Laboratory(NML)

The coal mine water reclamation technology treats the coal mine water and make it suitable for the purpose of drinking.

Pilot scale

The process in principle has three modules. In the first, the suspended particulate matters, some of which are also colloidal in nature, are removed. The second module removes the dissolve matters while in the third step microbiological contaminations are removed.

4.

Electrochemical Defluoridation of Drinking Water CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute

The removal of fluoride in drinking water is done through an electrochemical cell.

Bench scale

The technique is suitable for treating water-containing floride upto 5 ppm. The total system is simple for operation and maintenance. It does not affect the other parameters of water quality. It does not involve addition of any chemical and has unit operations such as settling and clarifying as in conventional chemical precipitation. Technique for scale of 200 L/h capacity is available and can be scaled up to any capacity and to any level of fluoride. 5.

Instrumented RO Plant CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute and Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute

• Instrumented RO water Plant suitable for villages where the source of water contains fluoride, arsenic bacterial contamination and brackish • Provide 40,000 liters safe drinking water daily • Online monitors critical parameters of water • Indigenous low cost PC/Embedded technology • Records history of TDS and important parameters • Predicts of cleaning time • Predicts of Healthiness of membrane • Automated operation • Remotely monitors via Internet

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Council of Scientific & Industrial Research

Pilot scale

6.

Membrane Technologies (Ultra-Filtration and Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane) for Desalination and Water Purification CSIR – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)

Thin Film Composite (TFC) Reverse Osmosis Membrane: • It removes salinity (94-96%) and other harmful contaminants like hardness, fluoride, nitrate, arsenic, etc, from water • Potable water having < 500 ppm TDS can be obtained from brackish water (up to 7000 ppm salinity) and sea water (30000-40000 ppm salinity)

Real life

Ultra-filtration Membranes: • The low fouling flat sheet & hollow fiber UF membranes having cut off values of 35-150 KDa using indigenous raw materials. Removes harmful pathogens, turbidity and colloidal materials from drinking water • Can operate at very low pressure (