Science Module Form 3 Chapter 4

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Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

Learning Outcomes:  State the importance of reproduction.  State the types of reproduction.  State what fertilisation is.  Describe internal and external fertilisation. 1.

Underline the correct answers to state the importance of reproduction. Reproduction is the process in which living things produce new individuals or (spring / offspring) and ensures the (continuity / extinction) of the species.

2.

Underline the correct answers to state the types of reproduction. The two types of reproduction are Sexual reproduction and (Asexual / Bisexual) reproduction and involves only (one / two) organism or parent.

3.

Complete the statements below to state what fertilization is.

Fertilisation is the process in which a sperm or male gamete fuses with an _____________ or female gamete to form a zygote.

4.

Underline the correct answer to describe internal and external fertilisation.

a. External fertilisation takes place (inside / outside) the body of a female. b. Internal fertilisation takes place (inside / outside) the body of a female.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcome:  Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction. 1. Underline the correct answers below to compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Similarities Produces new organisms for continuity of species Differences (One individual / Two individuals)

Individuals

(One individual / Two individuals)

(Male & Female / No gametes needed)

Gametes

(Male & Female / No gametes needed)

(Needed / Not needed)

Fertilization

(Needed / Not needed)

(Limited / Not limited)

Number of Offspring

(Limited / Not limited)

Organisms

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcome:  Classify animals and plants according to their ways of reproduction. 1.

The diagram below shows examples of living organisms.

Ginger

Starfish

Yeast

Mucor

Ferns

Amoeba

Paramecium

Hydra

Grass

Classify these animals and plants asexually. Asexual reproduction

Binary fission

Spore Formation

Rejuvenation

1. Amoeba

1. Mucor

2._____________

2. ________________

Budding

1. Starfish

Vegetative reproduction

1. Hydra

1.________________

2._______________

2.________________ _

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Identify the parts of the male reproductive system.  Describe the functions of the different parts of the male reproductive system.  State the role of sperm in reproduction.  Describe the changes in male during puberty. 1.

The diagram shows the male reproductive system. Label the following parts using words below. Testes

Penis

Sperm duct

a)

b)

c)

Scrotum

2.

Draw lines to match the following parts of the male reproductive with the correct functions. Penis

To carry sperms from the testes.

Testes

To produce male gametes To produce a milky fluid that protects the sperm

Sperm duct Prostate Gland

3.

To transfer sperms into female reproductive organ

Underline the correct words the statement below to show role of sperm in reproduction. Sperms produced in the testes can swim about in the female sex organ to (ovulate / fertilise) the egg cell or ovum.

4. Complete the following statements to describe the change in male during puberty using the word below. hair

sperms

increases

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction After puberty between the age of 12 and 14, the body of a boy ______________

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and

grows _______________ on the face, armpits and around the pubic region. The reproductive system matures and begins to produce ______________

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Relate the importance of taking nutritious food to the health of both mother and foetus during pregnancy.  Explain the importance of avoiding the intake of substances that are harmful to the foetus 1.

Draw lines to match the type of food with its function to relate the importance of taking nutritious food to the health of both mother and foetus during pregnancy. Food

Function

Vitamins

a) Prevention of constipation in mother

Fibre

b) For formation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells. c) To build body tissues and growth.

Protein Calcium and

2.

Phosphorus

d) To strengthen bones and teeth of foetus and prevent tooth decay in the mother

Iron

e) To strengthen the immune system

Complete the table below to explain the importance of avoiding the intake of substances that are harmful to the foetus using the words given.

small baby

Alcohol

mental retardation

heart damage

Drugs

abnormal baby

Smoking

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Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

Learning Outcomes:  State the meaning of sterility.  Describe ways to overcome sterility. 1.

Underline the correct answer in the statement below to describe the meaning of sterility. Sterility is the (inability / ability) to reproduce.

2.

Complete the table below to match sterility with the correct ways to overcome sterility using the information given. a. To increase sperm or egg production. b. Help to prevent sterility. c. Correct the problems such as blocked Fallopian tubes or blocked sperm ducts. d. Help infertile couples conceive which fertilization occurs in the culture dishes.

Ways to overcome sterility Taking nutritious food Surgery Hormone treatment In vitro fertilization

Sterility

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

etutorA Tuition Center Learning Outcome:  Describe the methods of birth control 1.

Draw lines to match the following methods of birth control with the correct description. Method

Examples Birth control pills

Description a. Involves refraining from copulation during the fertile phase.

Chemicals Spermicides

b. Made of artificial hormones to prevent ovulation and the release of ovum.

Vasectomy

c. A device inserted into the uterus to prevent implantation

Surgical

Ligation d. Contain chemicals to kill sperm. Condom e. Prevent ovulation and the release of ovum. IUCD f. Sperm ducts are cut and

Barrier /

legated.

Mechanical

Diaphragm

g. Fallopian tubes are cut and ligated.

Rhythm method

h. Thin rubber cap fitted at the cervix

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Present argument against the abuse of birth control and its effects on the community.  Explain the importance of research on human reproduction 1.

Complete the chart below using the list given.

a) b) c) d)

encourage free sex prevent unwanted pregnancies helps a family to limit the number of children can lead to a grey population

Effect of birth control on the community

Good effect

-

2.

-

Bad effect

-

-

Write True (T) or False (F) the importance of research on human reproduction.

a)

Can control an ever increasing world population.

(

)

b)

Married couples cannot plan their number of children.

(

)

c)

To find new and better methods of birth control.

(

)

d)

Solve the problems of couples who do not have children.

(

)

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Identify the different parts of a flower.  Identify the male and female reproductive parts of a flower.  Identify the male and female gametes  Describe the functions of the male and female reproductive parts of a flower in sexual reproduction. 1.

Label the different parts of a flower using the words given. petal

2.

ovary

anther

stigma

a)

b)

c)

d)

The diagram below shows the male and the female reproductive parts of a flower. stigma anther filamen t

style stamen

pistil

ovary ovule

Underline the correct answer for the following statements. a. The (stamen / pistil) is the male reproductive part of a flower. b. The (stamen / pistil) is the female reproductive part of a flower. 3.

Draw lines to match the reproductive parts of a flower with the correct statement below. Stamen

Produces pollen grains which contain the male gametes.

Pistil

Produces ovules which contain the egg cells or the female gametes.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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4.

Underline the correct answer for the following statements. a. The male reproductive parts of a flower consist of the (anther / ovary) which produces pollen grains containing the male gametes. b. The female reproductive parts of a flower consist of the (anther / ovary) which produces the ovule containing the female gametes.

Learning Outcomes:  Describe what pollination is.  Relate the characteristics of flower to their agents of pollination.  State the types of pollination. 1.

The diagram below shows the process of pollination.

Complete the sentence below to describe what pollination is. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from _____________ to _____________. 2.

Draw lines to match the characteristics of flower to their agents of pollination Insect-pollinated flowers and Bird-pollinated flowers

Flowers are small, dull coloured without any smell or nectar. Pollen grains are smooth with long filaments and hang out of the flower.

Wind-pollinated flowers

Flowers are large and brightly coloured. Produces a lot of sweet scented nectar. Pollen grains are large and sticky or spiky

Water-pollinated flowers

Flowers are found in plants that gorw near water with pollen grains that can float on the surface of water.

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3.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

Label the diagram below with the correct type of pollination using the words Self-pollination Cross-pollination given.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Compare and contrast self-pollination and cross-pollination.  Explain the advantages of cross-pollination. 1.

a. Complete the table below to compare and contrast self-pollination and crosspollination.

Self-pollination

Cross-pollination Similarities

Both processes involves the transfer of the pollen grains from an _______________ to a ______________

b. Underline the correct answers below.

Differences

a. (Same / Different) plants

Flowers from…….

a. (Same / Different) plants

b. (One / Many )

Number of plants involved

b. (One / Many)

c. (Needed / Not needed)

2.

Agents of pollination

c. (Needed / Not needed)

The following shows the advantages of cross-pollination. Underline the correct answer for some of these advantages. a. Has the characteristics of both the parent plants. b. Produces (better / bad) fruits and seeds. c. Produces (higher / lower) yield. d. (Less / more) resistant to diseases. e. More adaptable to the environment.

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Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

Learning Outcome:  Explain with examples the advantages of cross-pollination in agriculture.

1.

Complete the table below to explain the advantages of cross-pollination in agriculture using the information below.   

To obtain crops with better characteristics To obtain crops that mature earlier To obtain crops that are resistant to pests and diseases

Uses a)

Advantages For examples paddy plants that have shorter stalks and upright leaves are easier to harvest.

b)

Produces variety of paddy that takes shorter time to mature such as Mahsuri and Malinja.

c) To increase yield of crops

New varieties of paddy such as Kadaria, Sekembang and Setanjung can increase the yield of paddy in Malaysia from 1 ton/hectare to 4 tons/hectare.

d)

MARDI has produced a variety of paddy that is resistant to red disease caused by a virus carried by insects.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:    1.

Identify the location where fertilization occur in flower Describe fertilization in plants. Describe the formation of fruit and seeds.

The diagram below shows what happened after pollination.

At which location X, Y or Z does fertilization occur / take place in flower? Location of fertilisation: __________________ 2. Complete the sequence below to describe the process fertilisation in plants using the information below. A. Pollen grain germinates. B. Pollen tube grows down the style. C. A male gamete fuses with the female gamete and a zygote is formed. D. Pollen tube grows out from the pollen grains. E. Pollen tube reaches the ovary and a male gamete enters the ovule. F. As pollen tube grows, male gametes are developed.

F

A

C

3. State the changes to the following parts of flower after fertilisation using the words below. Seed

Parts of flower Ovary Zygote Ovule

Fruit

Embryo

Changes

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction Drop off

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Learning Outcomes:  Identify the structure of a seed.  Explain the functions of the different parts of a seed. 1.

Label the diagram below to identify the structure of a seed using the words given. plumule

radicle

testa

a) b)

c)

2.

Draw lines to match the different parts of a seed with the correct function. Embryo

Stores and provides food for the embryo.

Radicle

Develops into a new shoot.

Cotyledon

Develops into a root.

Micropyle

Attaches the seed to the fruit.

Hilum

Allows air and water to enter.

Testa

Protects the seed.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcome:  Describe the physical changes of seedling during germination

1.

The following information shows the physical changes of seedling during germination. .



Testa breaks.



Plumule emerges from the cotyledons and grows upwards to form two leaves.



Radicle emerges from the testa and grows downwards into the soil and lateral roots grow from it.



Cotyledons shrink and drop off. Complete the sequence below using the above information to describe the physical changes of seedling during germination in the correct order. Testa breaks

a.

b.

Cotyledons shrink and drop off.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Classify flowering plants according to the parts that can reproduce vegetatively.  Describe the application of research carried out on vegetative reproduction in agriculture. 1.

Draw lines to match the following plants with the correct modified stems that reproduce vegetatively. Examples of plant

Modified stems

Banana

Rhizomes

Bulbs

Grass

Potato

Onion

Ginger

2.

Tubers

Suckers

Runners

Draw lines to match the application of plant tissue culture in agriculture with the correct description. Applications

Description

Cloning

Useful in the cultivation of plants like orchids.

Propagation of plant

Used to produce plants that are tolerant to pests and disease An unlimited number of plants that

Production of pest and

are genetically similar can be

disease resistant plants.

produced within a short period of time

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Explain with examples the meaning of vegetative reproduction.  State the parts of the plants that can reproduce vegetatively.  Classify flowering plants according to the parts that can reproduce vegetatively.  Describe the application of research carried out on vegetative reproduction in agriculture. 1.

Complete the statement below to explain the meaning of vegetative reproduction. The ability of some plants to produce new plants without producing fruits and _________________ is known as vegetative reproduction.

2.

Complete the statement below to state the parts of the plants that can reproduce vegetatively New plants grow from the vegetative parts of the parent plants such as the roots, _________________ or ___________________.

3. each

Classify the following plants into three groups based on the vegetative parts of plant.

Sweet potato

Ginger

Tapioca Yam

Bryophyllum

Group 1

Grass

Banana Group 2

Group 3

Name of the plants

Name of the plants

Name of the plants

Vegetative parts of the plant

Vegetative parts of the plant

Vegetative parts of the plant

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Identify the parts of the female reproductive system.  Describe the functions of the different parts of the female reproductive system.  State the role of an ovum in reproduction. 1.

The diagram shows the female reproductive system. Label the following parts using the words given. Ovary

Cervix

Uterus

a. b.

c.

2.

Draw lines to match the parts of the female reproductive with the correct

functions. Ovary

To keep and protect the developing embryo.

Uterus

To allow the baby to go out during birth.

Cervix

To produce egg cells (ova)

Fallopian tube

3.

To direct an ovum from an ovary to the uterus

Complete the statement below state the role of an ovum. The role of the ovum is to be __________________ by a sperm to form a zygote.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Describe the changes in female during puberty.  Compare and contrast male and female gametes in term of size, numbers and mobility. 1. Complete the following statements to describe the changes in female during puberty using the word given. breasts

increases

hair

ovum

menstruation

After puberty between the age of 10 and 12, the body of a girl ______________ and

grows _______________ on the face, armpits and around the pubic region. Her _________________ begins to develop and becomes bigger. The ovary begins

to

release a mature egg or ______________ every 28 days. She will have her _____________________ at a regular interval about 28 days.

2. Underline the correct answers below to compare and contrast a male gamete and a female gamete.

Sperm cell

Ovum cell Differences

(Testes / Ovary)

Organ

(Testes / Ovary)

(Smallest cell / Largest cell)

Size

(Smallest cell / Largest cell)

(One / Millions)

Number

(One / Millions)

(Can swim / Cannot move)

Mobility

(Can swim / Cannot move)

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Describe the meaning of menstruation.  Describe the menstrual cycle.  Describe the changes in the uterus wall during menstrual cycle.  Relate the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle to fertilization. 1. Complete the statement below to describe the meaning of menstruation using the words given. vagina blood discharge blood uterus wall Menstruation ______________of

is

the

the

________________

female

and

through

the

contains______________, dead ovum and layer

the

cervix

menstrual

of

tissue

and

discharge from

the

_________________________. 2.

The diagram below shows the menstrual cycle. Uterus wall breaks down

If fertilisation takes place, the uterus wall will continue to thicken

Uterus wall begins to thicken

A mature ovum is released

Complete the following statement to describe the menstrual cycle based on the diagram above. a. Menstruation starts on the ____________ day. b. The menstrual cycle consist of _______________days. c. A mature egg or ovum will be released on the _____________ day. Complete the following statement in questions 3 and 4 using the words given. Break down 3.

thickens

Fertilisation

During menstruation, the walls of the uterus will ____________________. If

fertilisation

takes

place,

the

wall

of

the

uterus

will

continue

to

___________________. 4.

_____________________ will occur if a single sperm is able to swim into the

uterus during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle and fuses with a mature ovum.

Module FORM 3 Chapter 4: Sexual and asexual reproduction

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Learning Outcomes:  Describe fertilisation in human  Identify the location of implantation of embryo  Describe the development of a zygote into an embryo and subsequently into a foetus until birth. 1.

Complete the statement below to describe fertilisation in human using the words given. sperm

fusion

Fallopian tube

ovum

Fertilisation is the fusion between the ____________ and the _____________ which takes place in the ______________________ to produce a zygote.

2.

Mark with X the location of implantation of the embryo in the figure below.

3. Complete the chart below on the sequence of development until a baby is born using the words given. Ovum

Fertilisation

Embryo