Science form 2 B6D2E1

B6D2E1 Food and nutrition practices Name

: Daphne Sii Wan Yin

Subject : Science

Introducti on

Introduction Our body depends on food for energy to do work and stay healthy. We also need food to grow. Food can be divided into seven classes. That is carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, fibre, and water. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are also called nutrients because they contain useful substances required by our body. The process of obtaining and using nutrients from food is called nutrition.

Conte nt

Content Aspect Introduction The important of eating nutrition food Practice proper nutrition Plan a balanced diet Justifying the distribution of food to the less fortunate Associating eating manners that meet the sensitivity and religious beliefs Conclusion

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The important of eating

nutrition food Food rich in Carbohydrates  Important of carbohydrates: (a) The main source of energy for our bodies. They enable us to do work and to carry out all kinds of physical activities. (b) Provide energy for physiological processes. Examples of two such processes are growth and reproduction. (c) The heat energy released from carbohydrates helps maintain body temperature. Example: flour, sugar, bread, rice and potatoes.

Flour

Sugar

Rice

Bread

Potatoes

Food rich in Proteins Important of proteins: (a) Needed by the body for the growth of new cells and the repair of damaged or injured body tissues. (b) Required for the formation of chemical substances in the body such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies and haemoglobin. (C) Provide energy when necessary. Example: milk, bean curd, chicken, eggs and fish.

Milk

Bean Curd

Eggs

Chicken

Fish

Food rich in Fats Important of fats: (a) Serve as an efficient source and storage of energy for the body. (b) The fat layer below the skin is a heat insulator which helps keep the body warm. Fat also protects organs such as the heart and the kidneys from damage. (c) Vitamin A, D, E and K can dissolve in the fat. (d) Fat forms and important part of cells, as all cell membranes are made from fat. Example: oil, ghee, margarine, butter and peanuts.

Oil

Ghee

Butter

Margarine

Peanuts

Food rich in Vitamins Divided into two group: the water soluble vitamins (vitamins B and C) and the fat soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K) Important of vitamins: (a)vitamin A – help ensure good night vision (b)vitamin B – control the release of energy from carbohydrates (c)vitamin C – maintain healthy gums, teeth and skin

(d)vitamin D – promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus (e)vitamin E – maintain a healthy reproduction system (f)vitamin K – helps blood to clot Example: milk, cod liver oil, oranges, vegetables, carrot

Milk

Cod liver oil

Vegetables

Oranges

Carrot

Food rich in Minerals Important of minerals: (a) Calcium – forms strong bones and teeth (b) Iron – forms haemoglobin in red blood cells (c) Iodine – produces hormones in the thyroid gland (d) Sodium – balances body fluid (e) Phosphorus – muscle contraction (f) Fluorine – protects teeth (g) Potassium – maintains a healthy nervous system Example: salt, milk, prawns, cheese and vegetables

Salt

Milk

Cheese

Prawns

Vegetables

Food rich in Fiber Important of fibre: (a) Helps food to move easily and quickly through the alimentary canal. (b)Prevent constipation Example: oats, guava, vegetables and wholemeal bread

Oats

Oats

Guava

Wholemeal bread

Vegetables

Food rich in Water Important of water: (a)Needed by the body for  the digestion of food  Transporting digested food substances  Transporting excretory products such as urea  Maintaining the concentration of blood  Maintaining the body temperature  All metabolic processes Example:juice, watermelon, star fruit and mineral water

Juice

Watermelon

Mineral water

Star fruit

Practice proper nutrition Food Pyramid

①rice, root crops, corn, noodles, breads and cereals 6-11servings per day ②vegetables 3-5 servings per day ③fruits 2-4 servings per day ④milk, yogurt and cheese 2-3 servings per day ⑤meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts 2-3 servings per day ⑥fats, oils and sweets use sparingly

Plan a balanced diet

Plan a Balanced Diet (a)Breakfast Nutrient Carbohydrates and fats Proteins Vitamin and minerals Total

Breakfast(KJ) Bread with butter(1400) Scrambled egg(400) Milk(700),Apple(200) 2700KJ

(b) Lunch Nutrient Carbohydrates and fats Proteins Vitamin and minerals Total

Lunch(KJ) Fried noodles(2000) Sambal ikan bilis(2000) Spinach(80),Pineapple(100) 4180KJ

(c)Dinner Nutrient Carbohydrates and fats Proteins Vitamin and minerals Total

Dinner (KJ) Rice(700) Steamed fish(400) Vegetable salad(160),Tomato(40),Papaya(150) 1450KJ

Justifying the distribution of food to the less fortunate

Thank God we were born and raised in Malaysia. Malaysia is a country of peace and development. Well-being of our country not only gives people the opportunity to learn and work but can prevent us from starving. Every day we receive nutritious foods and live a healthy lifestyle. However, not everyone is lucky like us. Congo, Liberia, Burundi is the poorest of the three countries in the world. Prices of food there is very expensive, resulting in lower income groups cannot afford to buy nutritious food. They lack a protein source such as meat, poultry and fish. In effect, many people face malnutrition and deficiency diseases. Therefore, it makes sense for us to distribute food to the less fortunate there. In our country, there may also be some among the very poor that cannot afford to buy nutritious food. For example, people who live gelendangan begging and goodwill from the public. They are not only homeless but no money to buy nutritious food. Help the gelendangan with food donated to them. If they eat nutritious food, God willing, they have enough energy to work and support their families. With distributing food to the poor, it can help increasing the level of their economic social.

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Don’t waste food Can donate some money or food to them Pray for them Do the volunteers and help to give the food to the poor Organize the activity to give the food to the less fortunate.

Associating eating manners that meet the sensitivity and religious beliefs

Malay  Muslims don’t eat pork because Moses was told by God that these animals are unclean.  All Muslims can only eat the foods that are Halal.  Fans of hot and spicy, and sweet tasting foods.  Don’t have appetizers or desserts during their meal.  Malays normally use their hand to eat.  Have often a small pot of water on the table to rinse their hands before to eat with it.  Malay cuisine bears many similarities to Indonesian cuisine.  Example of Malay food: Nasi Lemak, Ayam percik, Ikan asam pedas, Onde onde, Rendang, Ketupat

The food of Malays

Chinese

Typical festive fare during Hari Raya Puasa orHari Raya Haji: beef soup, nasi himpit (compressed rice cubes)beefrendang, and sayur lodeh

 Some Christians don’t drink alcohol.  Most Buddhists choose to become vegetarian to avoid killing animals.  Most Chinese meals have pork as their sub-ingredient.  Soup often ends a Chinese meal.  Example of Chinese food: Bak Kut Teh, Bakkwa, Duck noodle soup, Hainanese Chicken Rice, Pan Mee, Rojak,Tau Foo Fah, Wantan mee, Char Kway Teow

Rojak

Pan Mee

Char Kway Teow

Wantan mee

India  Most of India are Hindus, they do not consume beef  Before the meal it is customary to wash hands as cutlery is often not used while eating, with the exception of a serving spoon for each respective dish.

 This cuisine consists of curries which use a lot of spices, coconut milk, and curry leaves.  Example of India food: Chapati, Roti Canai, Teh Tarik, Murtabak, Sambar, Thosai, Banana leaf rice, Nasi Beriani

Sambar

Murtabak

Teh Tarik

Roti Canai

Conclusi on

Conclusion We are very fortunate to have an abundance of food in our country. The multi-racial facet of our country results in a wide variety of food being available. Some people enjoy food and they live in order to eat. Others do not care about food and they eat in order to live. However, we should eat in moderation. Eating too much or too little can be dangerous and unhealthy. To maintain good health, we should eat nutrition food. The diet must be balanced. We must eat amounts that are suitable. We must avoid eating junk food. The sugar and salt content in junk food is very high. Junk food contains preservatives, artificial, flavourings and colourings. These can cause tooth decay, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and even cancer. We should appreciate our food and don’t waste food. We should have good eating habits. We should always donate food to the hungry. Countries which do not have much fertile agricultural land are not able to produce enough food to feed their people. Conditions worsen during droughts or floods. Starvation occurs. Starvation may cause death. Therefore, we should help these victims.

Malaysians are of different races and religions and have different food cultures. For example, a vegetarian only eats food which contains no meat. Some Malaysians do not eat beef or pork. Therefore, we must be sensitive and respect one another’s culture or religious beliefs. If we do this, we can live together harmoniously.