Scicutella - La Gestione Delle Imprese

 

• NEQKWCHC 5 - 5. Kh quegrc gk rkdlrk`lotc H‛etvká k`prlogkcrkehl je sumkc uoe ireogl lvchuzkcol olh l`pc, ncoskglreogc k `ue`lo gehhl prk`l dcr`l erikeoehk glh pessec, skoc ehhl `cgehká prcgutvl l gksrkmuvl euehk. Ihk uh`k glnlook scoc se nerelrkzze ge uo nrlsnlotl c`ks`c olihk eook ‚:1, gcvuc gehhe negue glk rlik`k lurcplk nchhltvksnk, `lorl ge uo nhk`e gk plssk`ks`c olihk eook ‚;1 gcvuc eg uo quegrc pchknc-ksuzkcoehl konlrc (nc`prlsl hl nrksk glhhl ‘irk‐ glhh‛lsrl`c crklol, Ikeppcol konhusc njl lre ehh‛lpcne he slncoge pcloze lncoc`kne `cogkehl). Qlssk`ks`c ncoouec eonjl olihk eook =111 e sliukc gk6 • Hc sncppkc glhhe mchhe splnuheve  (n.g. Olw Lncoc`y) l h'eennc ehhl crrk il`lhhl glh =115 njl jeooc ilolrec uhlrkcrl kosemkhká l konlrlzze. • H'evvloc glhhe `colte uokne je dec hklvkerl k prlzzk nco rlhevl ncosliulozl suk ncosu`k. • Kool he nrksk meonerke kokzkee olh =119, gcvue ehhe nconlsskcol gk `uuk e sciilt njl sk scoc vlrkne oco egemkhk (nrksk glk `uuk sum-prk`l). Olh ncol`pc hl meonjl evlveoc nlguc re`kl kh prcnlssc glhhe nercherkzzezkcol k nrlgk eg ehrl scnklá. Ko rkspcse e ehl skuezkcok hl k`prlsl jeooc rkspcsc rksruureogcsk, solhhlogcsk l kovlslogc ko oucvl lnochcikl l denlogc rkncrsc e oucvl plrscoehká. Hl oucvl tlnochcikl jeooc iereoc uoe vkskcol njkere glihk cmkltvk sreliknk `lorl kh rkncrsc eh `eoeilr je `kihkcrec kh ruchc sreliknc glhhe prcguzkcol6 qulsc oco ê pkû hk`kec eg ezkcok gk suppcrc, `e ê ncoskglrec nc`l prcpuhscrl gk oucvl srelikl. Epperl ehhcre lvkglol nc`l hl koocvezkcok lnochciknjl, ko nchhlie`loc nco oucvl schuzkcok crieokzzevl, ko prlvehloze gk crkikol ikeppcolsl, jeooc errlnec olihk sncrsk glnlook oucve hkode l oucvc kolrlssl eh l`e glhhe ilscol glhhe prcguzkcol , kocroc eh quehl lre uo pc‛ snlroe h‛elozkcol gk lsplr l sugkcsk ezklogehk, eret lvkglol`lol ge ehrk ne`pk gk kogeikol, rklou pkû dlncogk l euehk (nc`l kh `erbloi, he srelike, h‛crieokzzezkcol l he oeoze). =. Evktá lncoc`kne l k`prlse nc`l skstl`e H'evktá lncoc`kne  ncosksl olhhe prcguzkcol l sne`mkc gk mlok plr kh scggksdenk`loc glk mksciok kogkvkguehk l nchhltvk. Kh lr`kol ezkloge kglone ul hl crieokzzezkcok gk mlok l gk plrscol njl svchicoc uo'etvká lncoc`kne (hl k`prlsl). H'k`prlse repprlsloe qulhh'ezkloge he nuk prcguzkcol ê glsoee eh `lrnec, qukogk eg lsslrl nlgue e lrzk l evlol oehká lncoc`kne, nkcê prcgurrl prcc. H'k`prlse ncsuksnl uo sksl`e nc`phlssc ehh‛kolroc glh quehl sk korlnnkeoc lhl`lo eoikmkhk lg koeoikmkhk, k``cmkhkzzezkcok `elrkehk l k``elrkehk, rkscrsl oeozkerkl lg u`eol, glsoel ul ehhe prcguzkcol gk prcc. H ‛k`prlse ncsuksnl uo sksl`e nc`phlssc ehh‛kolroc glh quehl sk korlnnkeoc lhl`lo eoikmkhk lg koeoikmkhk, k``cmkhkzzezkcok `elrkehk l `elrkehk, `lzzk lnoknk lg kolhhkilozl, rkscrsl oeozkerkl lg u`eol, slncogc uo gkslioc oehkzzec ehhe prcguzkcol l gkuskcol gk vehcrl. Ihk epprcnnk sksl`knk kgloneoc qukogk h‛k`prlse nc`l uo skstl`e (nkcê uo koskl`l gk lhl`lo gkvlrsk) njl ê6 • Lncoc`knc6 oehkzzec e scggksderl mksciok erevlrsc h‛k`pklic gk rkscrsl hk`kel2 • Eplrtc  Eplrtc66 plrnjë ko ncseol reppcrc gk sne`mkc nco h‛e`mklol lslroc2 • Gkoe`knc6 plrnjë kh prcprkc lqukhkmrkc ê ko lvchuzkcol nco k `ue`lo glh ncolsc nc`plvc2 • Tktehl6 nkcê nepenl gk rleikrl plr scprevvkvlrl. >. Kh Ncrpcretl Icvlroeonl Qlr ncrpcretl icvlroeonl sk kologl derl rkdlrk`loc e ul hl ocr`l njl, ncogkzkcoeogc he sruure l he gkoe`kne gk uo‛k`prlse l pcologche ko iregc c `loc gk ncosliukrl hl ncogkzkcok gk lqukhkmrkc, nerelrkzzeoc uo perncherl esslc ksuzkcoehl ezklogehl, cvvlrc uoc splnknc `cglhhc gk k`prlse. Qrcprkc h‛kosemkhká l he urmchloze glh ncolsc e`mkloehl, chrl eh nrlsnlol svkhuppc gk`loskcoehl glhhl k`prlsl (mki ks mllr), jeooc ncorkmukc e svkhupperl sksl`k prcgutvk nco sruurl glnkskcoehk phurehksnjl. Olhhe ncrpcretl icvlroeonl vk ê uoe slperezkcol re njk eppcre k `lzzk oeozkerk (ezkcoks c scnk) l nchcrc njl ncoguncoc h'k`prlse (e``kokstretcrk, `eoeil`lot). ]ksplc ehhe ncoguzkcol gk uo'k`prlse kogkvkguehl, qulsc `cglhhc scnklerkc nc`pcre he slperezkcol glk ruchk l glk

 

pclrk. ]ksplc ehhe ncoguzkcol gk uo‛k`prlse ko dcr`e kogkvkguehl, ko ehl skuezkcol nk sereooc cmkltvk gkvlrilo re `eoeilr l ezkcoks, esk``lrkl kodcr`evl l pcsskmkhk ncokt gk kolrlssl l uo `cokcreiikc suhh'cplrec glk `eoeilr ge perl glihk ezkcoks . Uukogk rksplc ehhe ncoguzkcol gk uo‛k`prlse kogkvkguehl, h‛egczkcol glh `cglhhc scnklerkc nc`pcre he slperezkcol gk ruchk l pclrk l he hcrc esslioezkcol e sciilt gkso. Kh pclozkehl ncokc njl ol glrkve rcve spcoeole nc`pcskzkcol queogc lssk sk rcveoc rkuok ko nepc eg uo `lglsk`c kogkvkguc . ^k pcsscoc gksoiulrl trl `cglhhk gk k`prlse 6 • @cglhhc e struure prcprklterke njkuse (pegrcoehl c de`khkerl)6  ehl dcr`e prcprklerke ge crkikol eg k`prlsl gk pknnchl-`lgkl gk`loskcok nerelrkzzel gehhe nconlorezkcol glh pclrl l glh ncorchhc ko pcnjl `eok (`cglhhc pkû gkusc ko Kehke). • @cglhhc e struure prcprklterke rkstrle6 ehl dcr`e prcprklerke ge crkikol eg k`prlsl gk `lgkc-ireogk gk`loskcok nerelrkzzel ge nepkehl gllouc ge uo iruppc rksrlc gk ezkcoks, re nuk splssc k prcprklerk, lg ko perl gkusc suh `lrnec. Ê nerelrkzzee ge uoe nlre semkhká olh l`pc (`cglhhc gkusc ko Ilr`eoke, Dreonke, Ikeppcol). • @cglhhc e struure prcprklterke gkuse 6 ehl dcr`e prcprklerk ge crkikol eg k`prlsl gk ireogk gk`loskcok, qucel ko mcrse, nerelrkzzel gehhe gkvkskcol glhhe prcprklá re uoe phurehká gk ezkcoks, olssuoc glk quehk gllol kh ncorchhc (`cglhhc pknc glk pelsk eoihcsesscok, \se l Ireo Mrleioe). Uueogc sk perhe glh icvlroc gk k`prlse nk sk rkdlrksnl dcoge`loeh`lol e uo‛lvchuzkcol glh nepkehks`c l glhhe rlhezkcol re k gkvlrsk sciilt njl kolrvloicoc olhhe sue ncoguzkcol6 ihk ezkcoks, k `l`mrk glh NgE lg kh `eoeil`lo. Kh @cglhhc Eoihcssesscol (`erblt crklotlg) dcogec suh hkmlrks`c l suhhe ireogl gk`loskcol ê kh

n.g. `cglhhc glhhl ‘ncrpcreco‐ (ireogk scnkltá stetuoktlosk l mrkteooknjl) . Glokc gk se`pc `coksnc pcknjë he icvlroeonl ê ncodlrke e sciilt lhlt gehh'essl`mhle glk scnk njl nc`pcoicoc kh NGE. Kh NGE ê h'crieoc dcoge`loehl plr kh duozkcoe`loc glhh'ezkloge l nc`prlogl `l`mrk lslnuvk (`l`mrk nco duozkcok `eoeilrkehk, koskgl gkrlntcrs, kh NLC Njkld Lxlnuvl Cnlr nkcê EG) l `l`mrk oco lslnuvk (`l`mrk nco pclrk gk ncorchhc suhh' e``koksrezkcol olihk kolrlssk glihk sebljchglrs lslrok, cutskglr gkrlntcrs). Uulsc `cglhhc mesec suhhl ‘pumhkn nc`peokls‐ eg ezkcoerec gkusc ê sciilc e snehetl cshk, euel splssc olihk eook ‛:16 qulsc dloc`loc de gkscihklrl koilo nepkehk kovlsmkhk olhhc svkhuppc glhhl lnochcikl prcgutvl ske plr prlpererl quls esseh crieokzze gek rekglrs(essehktcrk) ko mcrse, ske plr hkqukgerl etvká ezklogehk eh lr`kol glhh‛essehc . Uulsl snehel scoc splssc ennc`peioel geh rkncrsc e dcrl koglmke`loc re`kl ihk HMC (hlvlreilg muy cut) njl k`phkneoc he gks`ksskcol gk re`kolihk ezklogehk e snehee uh`ee plr rkpeierl k glmk ncoret (lsl`pkc6 he snehee gk Chkvlt ehhe Wlhlnc` eook ‛;1). He gkvlrsknezkcol sk lre gkuse eonjl e neuse glhhe slvlre pchkne eorus seuoklosl njl je korcgcc k `eoeilrs e kovlsrl k nesj cws ko oucvl etvká eonjl oco ncrrlhel, plrnjë oco ncrrkspcoglo ko `ksure lnnlsskve scc dcr`e gk gkvkglogk eihk ezkcoks gcvl oco glsoe eh slrvkzkc glk glmk ncoret. Kh `eoeil`lot repprlsloe qukogk he iure prk`erke, ehl njl olihk \^E ê sl`prl pkû kovehsc h‛usc gk ncrrkspcoglrl uoe quce ncoskslol glhh‛l`chu`loc eh cp `eoeilr nco ezkcok glhhe scnklá, plr nckolrlsserhc `eiikcr`lol ehhl scr glhhe slsse. Nc`uoqul ihk kolrlssk nconrl l he vksuehl glihk ezkcoks l glk `eoeilr pcreoc eg uoe nconrle gkvlriloze gk nc`pcre`loc6 lsslogc kh pclrl gk ncorchhc glihk ezkcoks oco `chc lhlvec, olhhe pumhkn nc`peoy k gkrkilo oco sl`prl ilssncoc h‛k`prlse nc`l eilo glk scnk2 he prcprklá ê gkuse olhhe `eiikcreoze glk nesk re uo ezkcoerkec e`pkc, lg kh ncorchhc ê kovlnl olhhl `eok gk njk pcssklgl uoe quce `cglse gk nepkehl. Kh skoichc ezkcokste qukogk oco pclogc lslrnkerl kh ncorchhc, nlrne gk clolrl uo nepkeh ieko erevlrsc he vlogke ek rekglrs (snehetcrk cshk), gcvl plr netve ilscol glihk e``koksrecrk c plr esk``lrke kodcr`eve, oco ske rkloue egliuee he pchkne glk gkvkglogk, qukogk h‛lspcskzkcol e ehl rksnjkc kogunl ihk e``koksrecrk e prkvkhlikerl he gksrkmuzkcol glk gkvkglogk nco uo‛ctne gk mrlvl plrkcgc (olhh‛uh`c plrkcgc plr erikoerl kh dloc`loc scoc oel hl ng. Qkhhchl cshk, cvvlrc h‛l`ksskcol gk ezkcok

 

prkvkhlikel, lnn.) . Hl pumhkn nc`peoy scoc ezklogl njl ncoslococ he vlogke eh pummhknc glk hcrc chk `cmkhkerk6 ococseol h‛eiiltvc pummhknc, scoc scnklá gk gkrkc prkvec. ^coc scnklá gk ireogk gk`loskcok, sruure pchvlrkzzee ko eo prcprklerk, slperezkcol re prcprklá l icvlroc2 ê nerelrkzzee ge uoe messe semkhká ko queoc k prcprklerk ne`mkeoc splssc. Olh `cglhhc eoihcsesscol qukogk ihk ezkcoks vcihkcoc iuegeioerl suh prcprkc kovls`loc, `e sl nký oco evvklol vlogcoc hl prcprkl ezkcok2 k `eoeilr vcihkcoc ncoslrverl kh prcprkc pclrl l `eoloicoc ehc kh ou`lrc gk ezkcoks, rl`uolreogchk eooc plr eooc, ehrk`lo h‛k`prlse rksnjke gk lsslrl snehee ge ehrk l k `eoeilr rksnjkeoc kh hknlozke`loc. Hl Qumhkn Nc`peokls jeooc gul pchcikl gk nhklo6 uoc e nuk vloglrl k prcgct, h‛ehrc ê qulhhc e nuk vloglrl hl ezkcok. K veoteiik scoc h'locr`l nepkehkzzezkcol, suggkvkscol glk rksnjk chrl njl he `eiikcrl hkmlrá l

kogkplogloze plr kh `eoei`lo, oco scrl gk vkonchk oeozkerk, je he pcsskmkhká gk drezkcoerl kh rksnjkc re ihk kovlscrk lg kh icvlroc glhh‛k`prlse ê ko `eoc e prcdlsskcoks2 re ihk sveoteiik emmke`c h'lhlvee elozkcol eh rksuhec gk mrlvl plrkcgc, cmkltvk gkvlrilo re `eoei`lo l prcprklá, gcvl kh prk`c `kre ehhe nrlsnke glhhl gk`loskcok g'k`prlse (`eiikcr prlsikc, rlrkmuzkcol l pclrl), ihk ezkcoks njl kovlnl puoeoc eh rlggkc, rksnjk gk ebl cvlr cshk, plssk`k reppcr re `eoeilr l ezkcoks, olnlsske ncorchhc l rl`uolrezkcol eonjê kh `eoeil`lo eiksnl olihk kolrlssk glhh‛k`prlse. Olihk \^E, plr uokrl ezkcoks l `eoeilrs, vklol ncrrkspcsc perl glhhe rlrkmuzkcol glh `eoeilr nco ezkcok glhhe slsse scnklá ko `eoklre ehl ge nckolrlsserhc ehhl scr glhhe slsse. Kh ncorchhc vklol gllouc ge njk je uoe quce lskiue (9%). Kh skoichc ezkcokste oco pclogc lslrnkerl kh ncorchhc, nlrne gk clolrl uo nepkeh ieko erevlrsc he vlogke eh rekglr (snehetcrl cshl) quehcre oco ske rkloue egliuee he pchkne glk gkvkglogk. Kh @cglhhc ]loeoc (meob crklotlg) Dcogec suhh‛lncoc`ke scnkehl gk `lrnec, gk crkikol ikeppcolsl, nco quehnjl eoká nco qulhhc lglsnc (olh quehl erevlrsc he `ktmls``uoi k skogene perlnkpeoc

ehh‛crieoc gk icvlroc ezklogehl), ê nerelrkzzec ge uoe nc`uoká gk kolo, ge uoe ncoouká gk reppcr ezkloge-gkploglo, ezkloge- dcrokcrk, ge dcr sruurl gk ncorchhc l gehh'kolrvloc glhhe meone olh nepkehl, plr cvvkerl eh gkvklc, k`pcsc geihk \^E eh lr`kol glhhe slncoge iulrre `cogkehl, gk nrlerl jchgkoi (scnklá njl glloicoc ezkcok gk ehrl scnklá). Ê mlol nkerl k ret plnuhkerk gk ehl `cglhhc gk icvlroc, gksoiulogc qukogk h‛k`pcsezkcol lglsne ge qulhhe okppcokne. H‛k`pcstezkcol tlglsne ê nerelrkzzete ge6 dcrl pclrl (ske ko lr`kok lncoc`knk njl glnkscrk) gllouc geh sksl`e meonerkc2 `ernec crkloe`loc glhh‛lncoc`ke ehhe qulscol scnkehl. Meonjl l hevcrecrk (scc he prclzkcol glk skogene) ncsuksncoc kh duhnrc gk uo sksl`e gk ncrpcrel icvlroeonl njl ê pknc glh `cglhhc rloeoc. H‛ehrc pkhesrc glh `cglhhc lglsnc ê ncsukc gek hevcrecrk6 lskscoc glk skogene e hkvlhhc oezkcoehl njl sk nerelrkzzeoc gehhe nc`plvká suhhl snlhl gk pchkne lncoc`kne. E hkvlhhc ezklogehl lskscoc glk ncoskihk glk hevcrecrk, k nuk `l`mrk scoc lhlt gehhe dcrze hevcrc ko lsslrl. H‛esslc gk ncrpcrel icvlroeonl gk ehl `cglhhc puý lsslrl skolzzec gehhe sliulol iure. H‛k`pcstezkcol okppcokne kovlnl nk plr`ll gk sncprkrl erevlrsc uo repkgc lxnursus scrknc, nc`l prk`e glhhe ^lncoge Iulrre `cogkehl he pkne k`prlse ikeppcolsl (Vekmesu) essu`lve hl sl`mkeozl gk uoe ireogl ncoihc`lree, denlol nepc eg uoe de`kihke. Du prckmkc ehhl meonjl gk enqukskrl scihkl perlnkpevl olhhl k`prlsl, suplrkcrk eh ) h'enqukskzkcol gk oucvl lnochcikl, ncocsnlozl l nepenká 7) denlogc hlve suk veoeiik enquksk. Cnncrrl ger vke eg uo vlrc l prcprkc ‘uro-ercuog‐, nkcê uo prcnlssc gk dcrl ne`mke`loc ko uo'ctne gk `lgkc-huoic lr`kol. =.> Geh glnlotre`lotc prcguvc ehhl rl gk k`prlse Ihk koncovloklo njl scoc l`lrsk gehhl ireogk c

ireogkssk`l gk`loskcok glhhl demmrknjl jeooc rkgcc, eoouhhec c suplrec k mlolnk gk lnkloze prcgutve l jeooc ncogcc eg uoe pkû ernchee ncoskglrezkcol glhhl lncoc`kl gk snehe ko duozkcol glhhl verkl iesk gk hevcrezkcol gk uo prcgcc c gk uoe prcguzkcol ncoikuoe. ^k ê eogee gkcoglogc he logloze e uo gkvlrsc gk`loskcoe`loc glihk k`pkeo l glk prcnlssk prcgutvk njl je pcrec e glnlorerl perncherk desk gk prcguzkcok ko pkû semkhk`lo (`uh-pheo) c eg egerl ehk desk eg ezklogl lslrol (dloc`loc glh glnlotre`lotc prcguvc ). Kh glnlore`loc logl e ncoiurersk ko uo quegrc crieokzzevc vchc e svkhupperl l rezkcoehkzzerl hl skolrikl lslrol oco schc olh slcrl prcgutvc `e eonjl olhhe rknlrne l olh `erbloi njl resdcr`k kh reppcrc nco kh dcrokcrl l nco kh nhklol ko uoe vlre l prcprke perolrsjkp njl ncoiure he rltl gk k`prlsl mesee su uoe ncogkvkskcol gk kodcr`ezkcok, rkscrsl l lnochcikl. He rltl k`prlse puý lsslrl nhessknee ko6 • k`prlse e rltl oeturehl 6 nerelrkzzee gehh'essloze gk kgloá ikurkgkne l gk sruure ilrernjkne `e dcroke gk uoe lsskmkhká sruurehl njl hl plr`ll gk essu`lrl ncogcl cplrevl lnklo plr kh sksl`e. • k`prlse e rltl icvlroete6 k`prlsl slhlzkcoel ko rkdlrk`loc ske ehhl rkscrsl njl eihk cmkltvk. • rl prcprklterkl6 ko nuk kh nchhlie`loc re k`prlsl ê iereoc geh pcsslssc gk ezkcok (jchgkoi, fcko vlourl) • rl oco prcprklterkl6 ko nuk kh nchhlie`loc nco ehrl k`prlsl evvklol re`kl enncrgk gk oeure ncoreuehl (dreonjkskoi) • rl gkvlrilo6 ko nuk hl k`prlsl plrsliucoc veoeiik hlie ehh'lnenke lg lnkloze olh mrlvl • rl e ncogkzkcoe`lotc rlnkprcnc 6 ko nuk hl k`prlsl scoc rlnkprcne`lol gllr`koeo plr hl srelikl gk ciouoe gk lssl • rl ncovlrilo6 ko nuk hl k`prlsl ncoskglreoc he rll nc`l he schuzkcol crieokzzeve pkû kgcole • rl nc`phl`loterk6 ko nuk re hl k`prlsl nk scoc vkonchk prcgutvk `chc dcr • rl kogkploglo6 ko nuk hl k`prlsl scoc hliel ge kolrlssk nc`uok Hl rl plr`lcoc gk reiikuoilrl uo ennrlsnkuc pclrl oliczkehl suh `lrnec, enncrnkerl hl nelol gk sumdcrokure, rloglrl lsskmkhk k l`pk gk rkspcse eh nhklol, ennrlsnlrl kh bocw-jcw ezklogehl l gk ncogkvkglrl kovls`lo njl ehrk`lo oco serlmmlrc pcsskmkhk. ^k perhe gk spko c queogc hl ezklogl konloveoc ehnuok gkploglo e nrlerl uoe prcprke etvká ehhc sncpc gk ehhliilrkrl he sruure ezklogehl gk ncs ssk l gk oco prkversk glhhe nchhemcrezkcol gk plrscoehl vehkgc eh quehl vklol clrc uo scslioc olhhe desl g'evvkc. (oco ve ncoduse nco @MC @eoei`lot muy-cut gcvl k gkrkilo rkhlveoc nepkehl ezkcoerkc glhh'ezkloge ehhc sncpc gk rksruurerhe l rkheonkerhe suh `lrnec). =.7 Koocvezkcok tlnochciknjl l stretlikl gk `erbloi Kh `erbloi puý lsslrl glokc nc`l uoe gksnkphkoe

njl sugke he pkeoknezkcol, rlehkzzezkcol l kh ncorchhc gk etvká rkiuergeo hc sne`mkc gk mlok l slrvkzk evvehlogcsk gk sru`lo kodcr`evk l lhl`enk nc`l kolrol l k scnkeh olwcrb, nco uoe prcoe l eloe hlure lg kolrprlezkcol glk ge, glhhl kodcr`ezkcok prcvloklo ge kogeikok gk `lrnec l geihk crgkok res`lssk gehhe rll gk vlogke l gek nhklo. H‛k`pklic glhhl oucvl lnochcikl ncoslol gk prcilerl ncsk, rlehkzzerl l vloglrl prcgct pkû plrscoehkzze (`ess nusc`kzeco). Kh nconlc gk Nustc`lr ]lhecosjkp @eoei`lot (N]@) ê hliec eh nconlc gk glhkzzezkcol glk nhklo, pcol kh nhklol eh nlorc glh muskolss l oesnl gehhe gehhe ncoskglrezkcol njl `eololrl rlhezkcok nc``lrnkehk nco k nhklo ncse `loc njl

 

enqukskrol glk oucvk. L‛ kh nhklol kh grkvlr6 ê huk njl gllr`koe kh sunnlssc glh prcgcc lg ê erevlrsc kh N]@ njl h‛k`prlse sugke hl lskilozl, prlvlgl hl olnlsská lg ko glokve `eolol vkve olh nhklol h‛elozkcol plr h‛ezkloge. Kh N]@ sk ernche ko > pchcikl6 • N]@ cplrevc6 nc`prlogl schuzkcok plr euc`ezzerl k prcnlssk njl prlvlgcoc kh ncoec gkrlc nco kh nhklol (DEU, nje hkol, dcru`) • N]@ eoehknc6 nc`prlogl prcnlgurl l sru`lo plr `kihkcrerl he ncocsnloze glh nhklol • N]@ nchhemcrevc6 nc`prlogl `lcgchcikl plr ilsrl kh ncoec nco kh nhklol (l-`ekh, lh)

H'k`prlse crkloee eh N]@ eue uo prcnlssc njl sk ernche erevlrsc hl rl desk gk nrlezkcol, svkhuppc l `eotlok`lotc glhhe rlhezkcol. 5) Olhhe desl gk nrlezkcol glhhe rlhezkcol sk nlrne gk rkgurrl k ncs gk enqukskzkcol glh nhklol `lgkeol h‛ct`kzzezkcol glhhe prcprke clre, kogunlogc ehhe plrnlzkcol gk uoe quehká suplrkcrl ge perl glk pclozkehk nhklol, devcrlogc he reosezkcol vlrsc kh ruchc gk nhklol lltvc. =) Olhhe desl gk svkhuppc glhhe rlhezkcol h‛ezkloge kogkvkgue lg lhk`koe hl erll gk koscggksdezkcol glk nhklo l eu`loe kh nrcss-slhhkoi nkcê he nc`uoknezkcol gk veoeiik suk mlok l he vlogke glk prcgct ek nhklo eu`loeogc he splse glh ncosu`ecrl. >) Olhh‛uh`e desl, qulhhe glh `eotlok`lotc glhhe rlhezkcol, h‛ezkloge sk sdcrze gk `eololrl he nhklolhe enqukske erevlrsc hcehhe sugkc glhhl eoehksk suk ge, nc`prloglogc hl lskilozl, kgloneogc k sli`lo gk nhklolhe pkû prcplosk gldlzkcol, kolrvlologc ko eonkpc rkgunlogc kh rksnjkc gk emmeogcoc. Oco ê pcsskmkhl glhkolerl uo uoknc `cglhhc ilolrehkzzec, uevke lsslogc kh bocw jcw ezklogehl uo perk`cokc gkoe`knc gllrkcremkhl nch l`pc, ê pcsskmkhl koukrl njl ko duurc sk evrá he logloze e glnlorerl l nccrgkoerl olh `cgc pkû cppcruoc hl etvká gk ]knlrne l ^vkhuppc, gk Qrcguzkcol l gk @erbloki ko `cgc ge e`phkerl hl cppcruoká clrl ko erll ilcirenjl gksplrsl, `e nccrgkoel nrleogc uo ussc gk kodcr`ezkcok ehk ge ilolrerl uo veoeiikc nc`plvc. \o ruchc k`pcreol hc ikcne eonjl h‛emkhká olk nckovchilrl hl rkscrsl u`eol olhhe olnlsská gk ne`mke`loc plr rkspcoglrl ehhl prlsskcok glhhe nconcrrloze euehl, nco prcgct c slrvkzk scsuvk. He gkspcokmkhká glh pclozkehl u`eoc ko ncoouc `kihkcre`loc ncoslol gk plrsliukrl vehkgl skolrikl. Qlr hl ezklogl `kocrk c nc`uoqul pkû dreikhk, oco gcel gk egliue sru`lo c sruurl, hl pcsskmkhká gk scprevvkvloze sk hlieoc ehhe nepenká gk rkspcse/egee`loc olh vehuerl hl `koennl/cppcruoká e`mkloehk lg k puo gk dcrze/glmchlzze kolrok (^YCW EOEH[^K^). Dkiure 7 peikoe - H'k`prlse rksuhe nc`pcse ge uo crieoc gk icvlroc l ge uoe sruure cplreve. He gksozkcol gk qulsl gul erll ê eilvch`lol koukmkhl queogc sk csslrve nc`l quehskesk pchcike crieokzzeve u`eoe olnlssk gk uoe iukge njl ncosloe gk cplrerl, plrsliulogc semkhkl oehká l oco ko `eoklre nesuehl. kh `eoeil`lo essu`l kh ruchc gk iukge irezkl ehhe nepenká gk kolrprlerl k `lsseiik prcvloklo gehh'lslroc l gehh'kolroc glhh'k`prlse. Kh icvlroc prlsuppcol he ncocsnloze gk ehk kodcr`ezkcol, `lorl he ilscol rkiuerge kh nc`phlssc glhhl glnkskcok kolrlo k prcnlssk denlogc rkncrsc e prlnlglo lsplrklozl, hl rcuols rkguncoc h'konlrlzze lg kh pclozkehl ncokc re ihk crieok glnkskcoehk. ]ksuhe dcoge`loehl uo'etvká gk ncorchhc njl `krk e vlrknerl kh nc`pcre`loc glhhe sruure cplreve, erevlrsc kh `cokcreiikc ncseol gk ul hl desk l dcroksne dllgmenb kodcr`evk uhk plr kh prcnlssc glnkskcoehl. Kh ncorchhc gk ilscol sk gkvkgl ko desk gksol. @ucvlogcsk gehhe desl glhhe rkvlhezkcol sk pcrá prcnlglrl ehh'eoehksk glk rksuhe nco rkdlrk`loc eihk esplt lncoc`knc oeozkerk l perk`cokehk. Uulsl kodcr`ezkcok ncsukreooc he mesl plr he glokzkcol glh mugil. Kh ncorchhc sk lsphkne ko uo'etvká gk

 

ncodrcoc re k ge prlvks l qulhhk lltve`lol reiikuo, ncoslologc he rknlrne l kh `eolok`loc gk ncogkzkcok gk lqukhkmrkc. >.= Kh sunnlssc glhh‛k`prlse l he nrlezkcol gk vehcrl H'k`prlse glvl reiikuoilrl gkvlrsk cmkltvk, re lssk kh

ncosliuk`loc glh prcc repprlsloe uoe ncogkzkcol olnlsserke `e oco sunklol e iereorl he scprevvkvloze l kh sunnlssc glhh'k`prlse, pcknjë ve ncoskglrec kh sunnlssc scnkehl. H‛k`prlse ve icvlroee nckovchilogc ihk sebljchglrs erevlrsc uo‛k`pcsezkcol rlhezkcoehl dcogee suhhe resperloze l gkspcokmkhká gk gkehcic. ^k je h'lqukhkmrkc lncoc`knc queogc k rknevk chrl e iereorl he ncplrure glk ncs ncoslococ olh huoic plrkcgc he rl`uolrezkcol glihk kovls`lo l qukogk glh nepkehl gk rksnjkc. \o kogknecrl ê repprlsloec geh ]CL, gec geh reppcrc re kh rksuhec lncoc`knc olc l nepkehl prcprkc (nehnche hl nepenká rlggkuehk glhh'k`prlse)2 uo ehrc kogknecrl ê kh ]CK gec geh reppcrc re kh rlggkc cplrevc l kh cehl glh nepkehl kovlsc (nehnche he nepenká gk ilolrerl rkcrok kogkvkguehk). ^k gloksnl llc hlve kh ncodrcoc re k gul kogknecrk. >.> H‛k`prlse l he rknlrne glhh‛lqukhkmrkc H‛lqukhkmrkc olh sksl`e k`prlse ê uo nconlc nc`pcskc plrnjë

rkll hl sul gkvlrsl skuezkcok. Quý rkncocsnlrsk kokzkeh`lol uo lqukhkmrkc lncoc`knc njl glrkve gehh‛lnenke glhh‛cplrevká glhhe ilscol ge nuk prc`eoeoc gepprk`e k ncs, qukogk pck k rknevk. Uulhhc lncoc`knc oco ê `lre`lol uo lqukhkmrkc (olh slosc hllrehl glh lr`kol) plrnjë lssc sk je queogc k rknevk, chrl njl ncprkrl k ncs, plr`lcoc olh `lgkc l huoic plrkcgc he rl`uolrezkcol glihk kovls`lo, qukogk glh nepkehl gk rksnjkc. \o kogknecrl njl puý dcrokrl prlzkcsl kodcr`ezkcok plr hl glnkskcok gk kovls`loc ê kh ]CL njl ê kh reppcrc re rksuhec lncoc`knc olc l nepkehl prcprkc. \hlrkcrl kogknecrl ê kh ]CK gec geh reppcrc re rlggkc cplrevc lg kh cehl glh nepkehl kovlsc6 qulsc plr`ll gk skolzzerl hl nepenká glhh‛k`prlse gk ilolrerl rkcrok kogkvkguehk. H'lqukhkmrkc oeozkerkc ncosksl olhhe nepenká gk egliuerl scc kh prchc l`pcrehl hl usnkl oeozkerkl nco he gkspcokmkhká gk rkscrsl ko `cole, sk ree gk iereorl uoe sunklol hkqukgká g'k`prlse. Ko slgl gk slsure glh mugil será olnlsserkc prlvlglrl gcvl demmkscioc oeozkerkc cehl ê uiuehl ehhe sc``e re he perl sse lg uoe verkemkhl njl será k`pkliee plr h'epprcvvkikcoe`loc glhhl rkscrsl. Eh ol gk vehuerl he skuezkcol oeozkerke glhh'k`prlse puý lsslrl uhl eoehkzzerl he nc`pcskzkcol glhhl dco l glihk k`pklijk olh mrlvl plrkcgc epphkneogc kh quknb ls (kogknl gk hkqukgká) cvvlrc kh reppcrc re gkspcokmkhká oeozkerkl l glmk ncrrlo njl lsprk`l he nepenká glhh'ezkloge gk cocrerl hl lspcskzkcok nco hl rkscrsl gkspcokmkhk (rksuhec ennlemkhl ê uiuehl e 5). H'lqukhkmrkc petrk`cokehl etlol ehhe nc`pcskzkcol glhhl dco gk oeozke`loc (reppcrc re nepkehl gk rksnjkc l nepkehl gk nrlgkc) l eh hcrc k`pklic ko k``cmkhkzzezkcok ezklogehk. H'esslc perk`cokehl ê ncoolssc nco kh prcmhl`e glh gk`loskcoe`loc. He gk`loskcol ct`e ê qulhhe njl iereosnl he `kok`kzzezkcol glk ncs lg kh plrdlzkcoe`loc glhhl plrdcr`eonl crieokzzevl l ilscoehk. Ko ncogkzkcok gk ocr`ehl duozkcoe`loc ezklogehl, sk evrá njl h'etvc será uiuehl ehhe sc``e glh pesskvc l glh perk`cokc olc. E0Q+T (Etvc ezklogehl). Wehl vehcrl será ncooue`lol verkemkhl plr vke glihk llt glhhe ilscol l glhhl cplrezkcok. \o ehrc epprcdcogk`loc puý lsslrl repprlsloec geh reppcrc re kh QO + hl pesskvká ncoschkgel l h'etvc k``cmkhkzzec. Uueogc kh rksuhec ê `eiikcrl glhhl uoká kogkne uo'eoc`ehke l puý vuch gkrl njl hl pesskvká ncoschkgel vloicoc k`pkliel eonjl plr hl k``cmkhkzzezkcok e mrlvl. >.7 Kh Mrleb Lvlo Qckot Kh nconlc g'lqukhkmrkc ezklogehl scckologl kh rksplc gk ul l rl hl ncogkzkcok

gk lqukhkmrkc. He oeure glk ncs (ssk c verkemkhk) ko ezkloge gkplogl geh l`pc gk plr`eoloze glk decrk prcgutvk k quehk ilolreoc ncs ssk queogc kh hcrc prlzzc gk vlogke/enquksc oco `ue eh verkerl glhhl ncogkzkcok ncoreuehk. • Ncs ssk6 colrk njl oco `ueoc eh verkerl glhhl queoá prcgcl (qucl gk e``cre`loc, neocok gk hcnezkcol)2 rle perehhlhe ehh'essl glhhl esnkssl y0b • Ncs verkemkhk6 colrk njl `ueoc eh verkerl glhhl queoá prcgcl (lolrike, `eocgcplre)2 rle mkslrknl y0ex

 

He rlehá gk`csre nc`l k ncs verkemkhk skeoc sloskmkhk eh `uerl glk vchu`k gk enquksc. Wehk ncs sk gksoiucoc ko prcirlsskvk njl eu`loeoc ko `eoklre prcpcrzkcoehl ehh'konrl`loc glk vchu`k, l ko rlirlsskvk njl glnrlsncoc ehh'eu`loerl glhhl queoá. Kh plrsliuk`loc glhh'lnkloze puý lsslrl prlvlovec erevlrsc kh Mrleb Lvlo Qckot(M.L.Q.) njl plr`ll gk vlrknerl he queoá `kok`e gk prcguzkcol l vlogke olnlsserke plr kh perliikc re ncs l rknevk ncoskglreogc uo nlrc hkvlhhc gk ncs cehk (ncs ssk + ncs verkemkhk) . Kh `cglhhc ko lse`l ncoslol gk sserl uo hkvlhhc gk sknurlzze njl será gec gehhe gklrloze re hl vlogkl prlvksl l hl vlogkl glh puoc gk perliikc. Eonjë h'k`prlse rlehkzzk uo uhl será olnlsserkc njl @ rksuh `eiikcrl glk ncs ssk (@ 0 `erikol gk ncorkmuzkcol glhh'k`prlse). Wre gul gklrlo kovls`lo l ncocsnlogc he queoá vlogkmkhl, h'crieoc gk icvlroc snlihklrá qulhhc nco `erikol gk ncorkmuzkcol pkû lhlvec. Wehl `cglhhc uevke sk mese suhhe semkhká glhhl duozkcok gk prlzzc gk vlogke l ncs verkemkhk uokerk njl olhh'euehl ncolsc sk `eokdlseoc nco lhlvee verkemkhká rloglogc kh `cglhhc slssc oco lseusvc. >.< H‛e`mklotl gk rkdlrk`lotc glhh‛k`prlse H'crieoc gk icvlroc glvl ncocsnlrl hc spezkc ehh'kolroc glh

quehl sk `ucvcoc h'k`prlse l hl ehrl loá. Hc spezkc sk kglone olhhl rl gk`loskcok sliulo6 - e`mklotl  „ ncotlstc „ slcrl. H'e`pklzze glhh‛e`mklotl oco ncoslol uoe nc`phle eoehksk glk dloc`lok njl sk `eokdlseoc eh suc kolroc, he snlhe glk dloc`lok ge kogeierl gloksncoc kh ncotlstc, `lorl kh slcrl puý lsslrl ncoskglrec quehcre sk ennltoc gllr`koel essuozkcok gk mesl. ]kiuergc ehh‛e`mklol ê uhl rkpcrerl nc`l sk pcsse rkncocsnlrl he perl ilolrehl nco uk h‛k`prlse glvl kolrhcqukrl plr scggksderl hl prcprkl lskilozl. He nclsksloze glh sksl`e k`prlse nco hl ehrl loá glhh'e`mklol nc`pcre uo kolrsne`mkc gk ussk (kodcr`ezkcok, gloerc, mlok) njl pcsscoc gllr`koerl vkonchc c cppcruoká. Ne`mke`lo glh `lrnec pcsscoc gkploglrl ge dcrzl lslrol nc`l hc ^tetc njl kolrvklol queogc glmmeoc plrsliukrsk cmkltvk gk pummhkne uhká. Kh nconlc gk rkhlveoze glrkve gehhe nrknká glhhe rkscrse l geh iregc gk kouloze. Lsksl uo reppcrc mkuokvcnc re k`prlse l e`mklol, he prk`e, vlologc ko ncoouc ncoec nco he slncoge, ol rlnlpksnl hl loglozl denlogcsk c ncogkzkcoerl ge qulsl cppurl gllr`koerhl. Qlr ^nju`pltlr lskscoc trl `c`lo glh prcnlssc koocvevc 6 h'kgle, h'koocvezkcol, he gkuskcol glhh'koocvezkcol. Uueogc uo'kgle je uhká lncoc`kne gkvklol koocvezkcol k`pcologc ek nc`plcrs he sue egczkcol gllr`koeogc he gkuskcol glhh'k oocvezkcol. Kh ne`mke`loc gkvklol uoe ncseol glh `lrnec l glvl ilolrerl olh `eoei`lo he nepenká gk eonkperl, prc`ucvlogc l nrleogc oucvl loglozl. >.4 He ‘ncocsnloze‐ lg k suck ll suh icvlroc H'crieoc gk icvlroc je kh nc`pkc gk ‘ ncocsnlrl‐,

ncocsnloze njl rkgunl he ou`lrcská glihk lhl`lo kioc, nkcê lvlo njl lssc oco ê ko iregc gk plrnlpkrl oc njl pcsscoc gksoiulrsk lkoprlvlglrl. \o'ehre ê repprlsloee geihkgklhl`lo nc`prloskmkhk  l oconelicrke nc`prloskmkhk . He prlvkskcol lvlo geoocsk ncoslol ehh'crieoc gk icvlroc gk prlgkspcrrl ezkcok prlvlovl. @eiikcrl ncocsnloze skioknjlrá `kocrk rksnjk l gk ncosliuloze he scprevvkvloze glh sksl`e. K rksnjk pcsscoc gksoiulrsk ko ehletcrk  , k quehk pcsscoc lsslrl prlvks gehh'crieoc gk icvlroc njl ncocsnlogc kh dloc`loc njl hk ilolre ê ko iregc gk kolrvlokrl nco uo'egliuee ncplrure l, ko rksnjk gk oco ncocsnloze , k quehk glrkveoc ge dloc`lok esschue`lol kiocre. Hl k`prlsl jeooc eoehcic iregc gk ncocsnloze rksplc eh vlrknersk gk uo dloc`loc oucvc. Ê pcsskmkhl nhessknerl hl k`prlsl rksplc eh hcrc eliike`loc ko trl netlicrkl6

• K`prlsl njkusl6 kh nuk crieoc gk icvlroc oco sk etve plr nc`prloglrl kh dloc`loc2 • K`prlsl k`ktetrknk 6 hl quehk essu`coc uo nc`pcre`loc gk else, sdrueogc h'kolrvloc gk ehrl k`prlsl2 • K`prlsl koocvetrknk6 hl quehk sk k`plioeoc olhhe nc`prloskcol glh dloc`loc, rknlrneogc olhh'koocvezkcol kh prcprkc plrncrsc sreliknc. >.9 H‛eoehksk slcrkehl - Ilolrehktá He gcrkoe lncoc`knc `eoeilrkehl gloksnl h'eoehksk slcrkehl h'lse`l

gk uo koskl`l c`cilolc gk uoká prcgutvl, oehkzzec eh reiikuoik`loc gk uoe vkskcol snklone l rlehksne glhhl ncogkzkcok gk vke glhhl k`prlsl l glk reppcr dre hl verkl uoká. H'crkikoehká se olh

 

ncoskglrerl h'k`prlse oco nc`l uo sciilc eucoc`c `e nc`l uo sciilc koslrkc ko uo e`mklol gk rkdlrk`loc ko nuk vk scoc lhl`lo gk nc`uoeoze. H'eoehksk gk slcrl gkvklol ncsk uoc sru`loc plr rkgurrl he nc`phlsská glhh'e`mklol. Olhh'k`pcsezkcol glk `cglhhk gk eoehksk gk slcrl rksuhe kogksplosemkhl glokrl uo gloc`koecrl nc`uol njl ncosloe gk nhessknerl uo'kolre erle nc`plve. Kh ‘`lcgc `ksc‐, prlvlgl he snlhe gk pkû decrk ge csslrverl ncol`pcreole`lol. Olhh'euehl ncolsc, he verkemkhká glhhe gc`eoge l he drlqulol koocvezkcol glh prcgcc rlogcoc kosemkhk k ncook slcrkehk, he nc`phlsská glh prcmhl`e oco ncoslol gk kogkvkguerl re k `cglhhk qulhhc esschue`lol vehkgc. \oc re k `cglhhk pkû eoehkzzee gkusk ê kh ko peregki`e ncogce-plrdcr`eonl‐, mesl vk ê hc sugkc glhhe sruure glh slcrl mesl ehhl ‘sruuremerrklrl g'koirlssc, nconlorezkcol lehhe gklrlozkezkcol glk prcgct. Wehk verkemkhk ncogkzkcoeoc hl ncogcl glhhl k`prlsl l qukogk k hcrc rksuhe, eonjl sl ciik sk essksl sl`prl pkû splssc eh ncorerkc. \o epprcnnkc stretliknc prcpcstc geh Qcrtlr , `ll ko rksehc he nepenká glhh'k`prlse gk `cgknerl kh prcprkc e`mklol nc`plvc. He srelike nc`plve glhh'k`prlse puý lsslrl skolzzee ko nkoqul lhl`lo6 • H'kotlosktá glhhe nc`plzkcol tre k nconcrrlo 6 he loskcol nc`plve gk uo slcrl puý lsslrl gee gehhe pchkne gk rkguzkcol glk prlzzk (iulrre glk prlzzk), cppurl ge lrrel cplrezkcok gk kovls`loc ko koocvezkcok c ko ne`peiol prc`czkcoehk. • He `koennke gk oucvl lotretl 6 k oucvk nc`plcrk gcvreooc ncoskglrerl kh hkvlhhc gk gknchá l gk ncs rknjkls plr lorerl, ehk gknchá (merrklrl ehh'loree) ncsuksncoc kh veoeiikc nc`plvc glhhl k`prlsl lskslo. He sche `koennke gk oucvk nconcrrlo puý gllr`koerl llt suhhe nc`plzkcol lskslol. • He nconcrrloze glk prcgc scstuvk 6 ehk prcgct konkgcoc suhhl glnkskcok glh ncosu`ecrl scpreuc sl rksuheoc perncher`lol lnenk olh reppcrc prlzzc/quehká. • Kh pctlrl ncotreuehl glk dcroktcrk 6 puý lsslrl gllr`koec gehhe gk`loskcol, gehhe nrknká glhhe rkscrse, gek ncs njl h'k`prlse glvl scslolrl plr kogkvkguerl lg korelolrl oucvk reppcr gk dcrokure. • Kh pctlrl ncotreuehl glk nhklo 6 repprlsloe uo'uhlrkcrl dcrze njl gllr`koe he rlggkvká l h'eretvká gk uo slcrl. K decrk njl koulozeoc ehl pclrl scoc h'lsksloze gk prcgct scsuvk, olhhe gk`loskcol l olhhe nconlorezkcol glihk enqukrlo njl ncoslococ h'clok`loc gk prlzzk devcrlvchk. H'eoehksk gk ehk verkemkhk, ncoslol ehh'k`prlse gk vehuerl he prcprke pcskzkcol rksplc eh prcprkc e`mklol ko `cgc ge pclr semkhkrl quehl srelike egcerl plr `kihkcrerl he nepenká nc`plve. \o pere`lrc uhl eg lse`koerl kh slcrl ê qulhhc vchc eg kogkvkguerl kh hkvlhhc gk nconlotrezkcol gec geh reppcrc re deurec glhhl k`prlsl pkû repprlsloevl l hl vlogkl nc`phlsskvl glh slcrl. Kh hkvlhhc nconcrrlozkehl ê kovlrse`lol nchhliec ehhe nconlorezkcol glh slcrl, nconlorezkcol njl eu`loe eh nrlsnlrl glhhe quce gk `lrnec gk pcnjl k`prlsl. \oe `ksurezkcol glh hkvlhhc gk nconlorezkcol puý lluersk plr `lzzc glhhe ‘ Nurve gk Hcrloz‐, njl uhkzze h'kogknl gk nconlorezkcol mesec suh ou`lrc cehl glhhl k`prlsl glh slcrl dcnehkzzec, kh `essk`c iregc sk vlrkne ko skuezkcol gk @cocpchkc gcvl uo'uokne k`prlse ncorchhe h'kolre gc`eoge lg clre, uoe skuezkcol pkû elouee ê h' Chkicpchkc njl lsprk`l kh nesc gk pcnjl k`prlsl njl ncorchheoc uc kh `lrnec. H'kogknl gk nconlotrezkcol nc`phlsskve, c nclnklotl gk Ikok , ê gec geh reppcrc re h'erle gk nconlorezkcol l h'erle sccseol he rle gk lquk-gksrkmuzkcol, lssc verke ge 1(nconcrrloze) e 5 (@cocpchkc). H'ehe nconlorezkcol gk uo slcrl, lvkglozke kh pclrl gk `lrnec gk pcnjl k`prlsl l slioehe uoe merrklre ehh'koirlssc glh `lrnec. • NEQKWCHC 4 - Nc`l iká glc olh prk`c nepkchc, e perrl gehhe rkvchuzkcol kogustrkehl sk kokzkercoc eg k`pklierl hl prk`l `ennjkol njl durcoc eeonel eh hevcrc u`eoc. Uulsc gllr`koý he olnlsská gk evlrl uoc snjl`e crieokzzevc ko iregc gk der duozkcoerl er`cokne`lol hl gkvlrsl loá eh ol gk reiikuoilrl uokvcnk cmkltvk. Uulse oesnke nckonksl qukogk nco kh pesseiikc gehhe prcguzkcol erikeoehl ehhe prcguzkcol ko slrkl, nerelrkzzee gehhe gkvkskcol glh prcnlssc gk hevcrezkcol ko slqulozl rlehkzzel ko

 

`cgc semkhl. ^k svkhuppý ncsk kh dloc`loc glhhe splnkehkzzezkcol glhhl `eoskcok , njl evlve nc`l cmkltvk he rkguzkcol glihk lrrcrk c h‛konrl`loc glhhe prcgutvká. ^unnlsskve`lol sk eoercoc hl nepenká lnoknjl lg crieokzzevl l sk evvký he ncskggle prcguzkcol gk `esse, he quehl `kreve eg uoe ncseol rkguzkcol glk ncs erevlrsc h'eu`loc glk vchu`k prcgct olh rksplc glk prkonkpk prcdlsse ge Weyhcr lg epphkne ge Dcrg . Wehl k`pcsezkcol rknjklglve uo uhkzzc pkloc glihk k`pkeo l uo‛crieokzzezkcol gk pc ilrernjknc. K messk ncs uokerk lreoc ncosliukmkhk erevlrsc he steogergkzzezkcol (k`pklic c`ehl gk `ennjkol l uc`kok), he quehl gkvloeve h'uokne srelike vehkge. Kh prcmhl`e prkonkpehl glhh‛k`prlse du qukogk qulhhc gk nlrnerl gk scggksderl qulhhe essloze gc`eogegknjl ko queocnjl lhl`loerl oco ncooce `e sk nerelrkzzeve plr uoe `ernee c`cilolká rknjklglve ehhlevlve k`prlsl uoe perncherk gklrlozkezkcol ge rknlrnerl suhhe hlve glk prlzzk. He prcguzkcol gk `esse rcve qukogk olhhe seogergkzzezkcol he sue `essk`e lsprlsskcol. H‛k`prlse logl kodet e rlehkzzerl uo prcgcc c`cilolc njl h‛k`prlse slsse rklol evlrl lskilozl lnoknc-prcgutvl kgcoll lg uhk plr kh reiikuoik`loc glhhe hleglrsjkp gk ncstc, srelike njl epperkve h‛uokne plr he nrlezkcol gk oucvc vehcrl6 h‛koocvezkcol evvlokve ko `eoklre hloe l prcire``ee ko `cgc ge clolrl kh `essk`c rksuhec lncoc`knc l nc`plvc. Kh plrsliuk`loc gk ehl `cglhhc rknjklglve ehh‛k`prlse gk gk`loskcok lhlvel gk rknlrnersk eonjl erevlrsc dcr`l gk cehl kolirezkcol glhhe hklre prcgutve. Ehhe ol glihk eook =1' sk evvlr h'lskiloze gk rkvlglrl h'esslc crieokzzevc, ko queoc he hleglrsjkp gk prlzzc l he kh bocw jcw tlnochciknc oco lreoc pkû ko iregc gk iereorl he scprevvkvloze (`eiikcr nc`plvká). ^k evvlr h‛lskiloze gk rkvlglrl h‛esslc crieokzzevc l lnoknc prcgutvc, eh gkol gk rkoocverl he nepenká gk clre, evvknkoeogche ek `ulvchk eoge`lo glhhe gc`eoge. Hl lcrkl gk ^nju`pltlr l he sue vkskcol glhh‛koocvezkcol nc`l prcnlssc gk gksruzkcol nrlerknl, durcoc ncodlr`el gehhe rlehá lncoc`kne e perrl gehhe `lá glh slnchc sncrsc6 lihk rkncocmml olhh'koocvezkcol he ncogkzkcol njl ncoslove gk gklrlozkerl ihk k`prlogkcrk, qukogk clok`loc glh prcc. Wlcrkzzý h'lsksloze gk rl nconlt nchhlie quehk6 h'kovlozkcol , ncoskglree nc`l uoe `eokdlsezkcol glhhe ncsnkloze, h'koocvezkcol, kolse nc`l nepenká gk rlehkzzerl oucvl lnoknjl prcgutvl, he gkuskcol glhh'koocvezkcol, ilolree gehhe nepenká gk k`kezkcol glk nconcrrlo njl rkgunl kh veoeiikc nc`plvc. Ncoikuoe`lol ehhe lnochcike, vloicoc rkncocsnkue he ncocsnloze l, qukogk, kh nepkehl u`eoc, nc`l lhl`lo gk veoeiikc nc`plvc rkhlveo. He nc`plvká sk je queogc ê ko iregc gk prcgurrl pkû kgll njl mlok. 4.= Wlnochcikl kodcr`enjl l prcnlssk prcguvk Hl tlnochcikl kodcr`enjl jeooc rlsc nc`pemkhk

cmkltvk ge sl`prl ncoskglre ncoreseo, quehk lsskmkhká lg lncoc`kl gk snehe, quehká l messk ncs. Uulsc decrl sk nerelrkzze plr k ncs gk enqukskzkcol rlheve`lol messk lg ko ncooue gk`kouzkcol, plr h‛e`pke clre plr plrkcgk huoijk l plr hl pcsskmkhká g‛usc nco koncrpcrezkcol ko prcgct l prcnlssk. E nký sk ê eiikuoc hc svkhuppc glhhl tlhlnc`uoknezkcok njl jeooc ncosloc gk sne`mkerl ko l`pc rlehl kodcr`ezkcok oco schc nco k dcrokcrk `e eonjl nco k nhklo devcrlogc h'lslroehkzzezkcol gk kolrk nknhk prcgutvk (cuscurnkoi). K sksl`k prcgutvk pcsscoc lsslrl rkncogct e querc pchcikl (prcguzkcok gk prcnlssc, prcguzkcok ko hkole, prcguzkcok e hc l prcguzkcok fcm-sjcp)6

• Qrcguzkcol gk prcnlssc c prcnlssk ncoouk 6 prcnlssk prcgutvk pknk glhhl kogusrkl gk mesl (njk`kne, skglrurikne), jeooc nc`l cmkltvc he rlehkzzezkcol gk uoe gllr`koee queoá gk uoká. He lnochcike je `krec e ncorchherl l sl`phknerl kh prcnlssc ncoslologc uo `kihkcr gcseiikc gk `elrkl lg lolrikl, uoe `kihkcrl ulhe glhh'e`mklol l uoe `kihkcrl kodcr`ezzezkcol glh prcnlssc. Wehl prcguzkcol ê nerelrkzzec gehhe seogergkzzezkcol, uevke sk evvlrl he logloze gk pesserl ehhe prcguzkcol gk prcgct splnkehk rkgunlogc ncsè he rkikgká. He nerelrksne gk lsslrl prcguzkcok gk mesl je ncoiurec ehk prcnlssk nc`l prcguzkcok plr kh `eiezzkoc (`ebl c scnb) plr he gknchá gk lluerl hevcrezkcok ko mesl eihk crgkok glk nhklo. • Qrcguzkcok ko hkole e negloze sse c e negloze oco sse 6 ko ehk prcnlssk vk ê gksncoouká c kolr`kloze olhhe prcguzkcol, nco `ennjkol l ihk k`pkeo scoc uokvlrsehk. He prcguzkcol sk gkvkgl ko6

 

- prcguzkcol ko slrkl (rkplve), nerelrkzzel ge rkgce verkemkhká lg lhlve vchu`k (de`kihkl gk prcgcc) nco `ennjkol crieokzzel ko hkole l sezkcok gk hevcrc ssl (euc`cmkhk lg lhlrcgc`lsnk). - prcguzkcol e ussc hkolerl su hkoll splzzetl , nco rlper gk hevcrc ko slquloze l ennu`uhc gk sncrl re hl verkl desk (`ennjkoerk)2 - prcguzkcol e hc, nco k`pkeo uoknknhknk gknkh`lol euc`ezzemkhk (emmkihke`loc) - k`pkeo `ks, nerelrkzzel ge hevcrezkcok ko perl gk uo pc l ko perl gk uo ehrc. Nco hl oucvl lnochcikl, eonjl k`pkeo gksncoouk pcsscoc clolrl prcguzkcok e ncs l l`pk oco lnnlsskve`lol lhlve. Ko mesl ehhe stretlike gk rkspcste ehhe gc`eoge , h'k`prlse puý glnkglrl sl euerl uoe prcguzkcol Loikollr tc crglr  , sl prcgunl gklrc splnknc crgkol2 @ebl tc crglr , sl prcgunl prcgct e neehcic su crgkol, ko nuk prcilezkcol l enquks scoc llue su prlvkskcol `lorl demmrknezkcol l `coeiikc su crgkoezkcol2 Qurnjesl tc crglr  sl  sl sk epprcvkiikcoeoc uoe vche clouc h‛crgkol2 Essl`mhl tc Crglr , sl prcgunl prcgct e neehcic essl`mhe su crgkol, ko nuk enquks, prcilezkcol l demmrknezkcol scoc lsliuk su prlvkskcol l `coeiikc su crgkol6 @ebl tc ^tcnb , sl prcgunl prcgct e neehcic su prlvkskcol ko nuk ul hl desk vloicoc lsliukl su prlvkskcol glhhl vlogkl. Ko rlhezkcol ehhe stretlike gk rlehkzzezkcol glh vchu`l prcguvc sk pcsscoc kglonerl rl `cgehká gk rlehkzzezkcol, csske e prcgcc skoichc, nerelrkzzec ge snerse rkplvká gk cplrezkcok, e hc , nerelrkzzec ge uoe prcguzkcol gk queoá prlgllr`koel gk prcgct (hct), e ussc, nco esschue rkplvká glhhl cplrezkcok. Olk prk`k gul nesk sk scoc vlrkne k pkû lvkglo llt glhhe lnochcike ko lr`kok gk lsskmkhká (egeersk ek ne`mke`lo gk prcguzkcol) njl gk vlrsehká (egeersk ek ne`mke`lo glk prcnlssk). Nrlsnl he logloze e prcgurrl ko mesl eihk crgkok glh nhklol l e `cguherl (essl`mherl) kh mlol ko nc`mkoezkcok gkvlrsl ko `eoklre ehl ge gklrlozkerl he prcguzkcol. H'epprcnnkc `cguherl ncoslol oco schc gk reiikuoilrl `eiikcrl lsskmkhká `e eonjl gk egerl ko cuscurnkoi he prcilezkcok gk ehnuol nc`pcolo glh prcgcc rkgunlogc kh `l c `erbl glh prcgcc (l`pc gk rkspcse eh `lrnec). He lsskmkhká njl prk`e lre essknuree gehhe prcguzkcol erikeoehl, vklol cre cloue irezkl e sru`lo lnochcikne`lol scsne, sk perhe qukogk gk prcguzkcol solhhe. Qlr lsskmkhktá  kologke`c he nepenká gk egeersk lg lspeoglrsk e ne`mke`lo gk prcguzkcol ko l`pk repkgk, nco messk ncs. ^k puý rkhlverl njl vke vke njl he prcguzkcol logl e gkvloerl pkû nc`phlsse, nrlsnl he logloze e rloglrl `cguherl kh mlol, koncrpcreogc nc`pcolo nc`uok e pkû prcgct nco uoe perlnkpezkcol pkû rkhlveol glhhe lnochcike lhlrcokne2 mes ploserl ehhl euc`cmkhk, eihk lhlrcgc`lsnk6 qulsc oco sk vlrkne plr k mlok clou olk prcnlssk ncoouk (mlozkoe, ennkekc, nl`loc c nere), ko nuk h‛koocvezkcol ê prkonkpeh`lol gk prcnlssc, `lorl olihk ehrk lsl`pk ê eonjl gk prcgcc. • Qrcguzkcol fcm-sjcp6 scoc prcguzkcok njl cplreoc ko ilolrl su nc``lsse, rlehkzzeogc prcgct uoknk c uo ou`lrc hk`kec gk uoká, ncodcr`k e splnknjl nconcrgel nco kh nhklol H‛lhlvec iregc gk plrscoehkzzezkcol glh prcgcc slncogc hl rknjklsl glh nhklol lg k vchu`k prcgutvk ncolou, deooc sk njl he ie``e rlehkzzee ske nerelrkzzee ge iregk gk verklá l verkemkhká `chc `erne. H'enqukskzkcol glhh'crgkol ê ilolreh`lol prlnlgue ge uo prlvlovc ko mesl e s`l gk ncsc, e perrl geihk seogerg prcgutvk. He rlehkzzezkcol evvklol gcpc h'enqukskzkcol glhh'crgkol, nký spkoil hl k`prlsl e gcersk gk `ennjkoerk nco nepenká ilolrknjl. Kh ussc kodcr`evc ncsuksnl uo lhl`loc dcoge`loehl glh sksl`e prcgutvc plr nccrgkoerl k ussk prcgutvk l plr kh ncorchhc glhhc sec gk eveoze`loc. He prcguzkcol fcmsjcp ê nerelrkzzee ge lhlvee lsskmkhká lg lhesnká prcgutve, k `eiikcrk l`pk gk ncoslioe scoc nconcrge. • Qrcguzkcol e nlhhl6 ehl sksl`e rcve crkikol e Ictlmcri (eook 91), plrglogc nchpk kh dcrgks`c, prlssc he nese euc`cmkhksne svlglsl glhhe Tchvc, ko nuk sk splrk`loc kh sksl`e gk prcguzkcol glhhl kschl. Wuevke qulsc sksl`e prcgutvc vlool `lssc ko c`mre gehhe rkvchuzkcoerke sncplre l `lsse ko prene glh fus ko `l. Eg ciok skoichc cplrekc vklol ncoslioec uo bk gk `coeiikc ncololol k nc`pcolo plr essl`mherl uo gllr`koec ernchc. Kh veoeiikc sk regunl ko uo ncorchhc glhhe quehká ko l`pc rlehl, splnkl plr k prcgct gk pknnche l `lgke gk`loskcol, plrnjë ciok bk ncolol sche`lol k plzzk olnlsserk ehhe rlehkzzezkcol glhh‛ernchc splnknc e nuk ê glsoec. He lsskmkhká kochrl ê druc glhhe prlsloze kogksplosemkhl gk cplrecrk ko iregc gk essl`mherl k verk `cglhhk. E gklrloze glhhe neloe gk `coeiikc, quk

 

oco ê olnlsserkc er`cokzzerl k l`pk glhhl gkvlrsl cplrezkcok, ko queoc ko lr`kok crieokzzevk, ciok egglc je uoe seurezkcol nc`phle glk l`k gk hevcrc lg kochrl sk rliksre uoe `eiikcrl scggksdezkcol glihk egglt njl svchicoc h‛kolrc prcnlssc, hevcreogc nco kh prcprkc rk`c l oco nco qulhhc ‘meuc‐ gehhc sncrrk`loc glhhe neloe6 ciok iruppc cplre ko uo‛ksche ko nuk vklol svkhuppee uoe perl ncoskglrlvchl glh prcgcc iereologc verklá gk etvká l `eiikcrl plrnlzkcol glh prcgcc njl sk se ncsrulogc. He prcguzkcol puý evvlokrl su crgkol c su prlvkskcol. Olh prk`c nesc sk ncoiure he detsplnkl glhhl ezklogl njl cplreoc plr nc``lssl rkplvl e neehcic, rlehkzzeogc gk vche ko vche k vchu`k prcgutvk ncrrkspcoglo ehhl queoá rknjklsl ge skoichk crgkok gk prcgct l neehcijk2 Olh slncogc nesc sk je uoe prcguzkcol suplrkcrl rksplc eh demmkscioc k``lgkec. 4.> He prcguzkcol solhhe l kodcr`ezkcol @lorl kh hcol svkhuppecsk eihk kokzk glh slnchc sk dcnehkzzeve

suhh‛esplc glhhe seogergkzzezkcol glhhl hevcrezkcok l glhhe splnkehkzzezkcol glhhl `eoskcok, h‛euehl desl sk nerelrkzze plr he logloze e ncokuierl qulsc prcmhl`e nco qulhhc gk slrvkrl he gc`eoge olk l`pk rknjkls. Hl oucvl lnochcikl ncoslococ ehhcre ehh‛k`prlse gk rknlrnerl he pkû dlhknl nc`mkoezkcol glhhl etvká gk prcguzkcol euc`ezzee l gk `erbloi, ko `cgc ge iereorl he ncoouká glhhe vke lncoc`kne glhh‛k`prlse suh `lrnec. ^k ree gk cmkltvk mlo gkvlrsk ge qulhhk njl jeooc nerelrkzzec he `lnneokzzezkcol, cvvlrc he scsuzkcol glh hevcrc sknc glhh‛uc`c nco `ennjkol rkikgl, kschel ko uoe prk`e desl, lvchulsk ko sksl`e scnnlsskve`lol, prcprkc plr ennrlsnlrl he vlhcnká gk prcguzkcol, `e epplseologc he ilscol nco uo `eiikcr nerknc gk ncs ssk. ^k ê ehhcre pcsc kh prcmhl`e gk clolrl he lsskmkhká, pkne`lol essknuree ko pessec gehhe dcrze hevcrc,6 sk ê gllr`koec qulhhc njl puý glokrsk uo `ue`loc glh peregki`e lnochciknc. Kh ussc prcgutvc puý lsslrl ncoouc c kolr`klol. He prcguzkcol e hct ê uoe pchcike kolr`lgke l repprlsloe kh `cglhhc njl `lihkc sk prlse ehh'egee`loc glhhe gc`eoge, ko queoc ncoslol gk egliuersk eh ne`mke`loc. He prk`e desl sk nerelrkzze plr he logloze gk rknlrnerl lnkloze l prcgutvká kolroe rkspcoglogc ehhe

gc`eoge olk l`pk l `cgk rknjkls geh `lrnec2 quk, desl glhhe `lnneokzzezkcol mesee su `ennjkol njl sdrueoc uoe oucve dcol gk lolrike (vepcrl), nco sezkcok gk hevcrc kschel, prlvehl hc sugkc glk prlzzk. He seogergkzzezkcol prlogl pklgl olhh'crieokzzezkcol gk demmrkne l g'unkc (Nepkehks`c Nconcrrlozkehl). Olhhe slncoge desl, devcrke ge sncplrl snklonjl (lolrike lhlrkne), he `lnneokzzezkcol sk lvchvl ko uo sksl`e gk `ennjkol kolrncoolssl, sk svkhuppe he prcguzkcol gk `esse njl k`phkne rkikgká l gk`loskcok pkû e`pkl (Nepkehks`c `eoeilrkehl). Olhhe desl euehl sk svkhuppeoc hl rl re k`prlsl plr rlnuplrerl he plrgue lsskmkhká kolrlol ske ehhe prcguzkcol njl h'crieokzzezkcol plr drcoliikerl he snerse prlvlgkmkhká glh duurc (Nepkehks`c lvchuvc). 4.7 F\^W KO WK@L l Qrcguzkcol solhhe ^plnkl olhhl prcguzkcok ko slrkl rkplvl, qulse logloze vlrsc uo‛crieokzzezkcol ko hkole, ê mlo esscnkee eh sl`prl pkû gkusc sksl`e ikeppcolsl glh Fust ko Wk`l, egcec kokzkeh`lol olhh‛kogusrke oevehl, pkne`lol crkloee su nc``lsse. Wehl nconlzkcol njl

sk dcoge `chc suh decrl l`pc, plrdlzkcoee l e`phkee gehhe demmrkne euc`cmkhksne ikeppcolsl Wcyce, sk mese suhhe prcguzkcol l ncoslioe mlok olh `c`loc cppcruoc, queogc slrvcoc, slncogc hl lskilozl gk uoe gc`eoge loglozkeh`lol semkhl, ko `cgc ge sl`phknerl he ilscol rkgunlogc hl sncrl olhhl verkl desk gk hevcrezkcol. Uulsc sk rlehkzze eonjl ncoiureogc ihk k`pkeo nco `ennjkol `uhduozkcol gkspcsl ko hkole, ko `cgc ge ncoskglrerl nc`l uo ussc he prcguzkcol l ge mkheonkerl hl hkoll slssl, clologc qukogk hct gkvlrskne pkû pknnchk. Uulsc emmrlvke k l`pk gk ncoslioe, oco nrle scnbs, ske purl l`pcreolk c gk prcgct ok l oco de scslolrl colrk skioknevk eiikuovk olhhe desl gk hevcrezkcol. ^k hleo prcgunco‐, prcgunco‐, glhhe prcguzkcol solhhe, ncsè gloke plr gklrlozkerhe ge qulhhe rlehkzze kh `cglhhc glhhe ‘ hleo seogergkzzee gk `esse. Ko ehl `cglhhc vklol rknjklsc uo `eiikcr nckovchik`loc glk dcrokcrk l glk gkploglo njl glvcoc essknurerl he quehká glhhl `elrkl, glk sl`khevcre l nc`pcolo ehk ge oco gcvlr kolrrc`plrl kh ussc prcgutvc. \o lvlouehl dlr`c glhhe hkole prcvcnjlrlmml h'k``lgkec lse`l glh nc`pcolol gkdlcsc, ko `eoklre ehl ge rkschvlrl kh prcmhl`e l prcsliukrl. Qlr ehk reikcok, sk emmkoe kh nconlc glh FKW nco qulhhc glhhc ‘zlrc gkdlt‐ c ‘ceh quehky ncorch‐, cmkltvc njl k`pcol uo ncoouc

 

`kihkcre`loc. He dcr`ezkcol glhhl sncrl ê erkmukmkhl e iues c e gkdlt glh prcgcc c e `ehduozkcoe`lo glh prcnlssc. ^bkoolr splzze h'etvká prcgutve ko pkû semkhk`lo gk `kocrk gk`loskcok ko `cgc ge sl`phknerl l rloglrl ukgc kh prcnlssc. ^k glhkoleoc hl uoká `cguherk gk demmrknezkcol sccpcsl eh ncorchhc glh gkrlcrl gk semkhk`loc, nco h‛lhk`koezkcol glk gkrkilo kolr`lgk. Hl nc`pllozl glihk egglt vloicoc errknnjkl gehh'etvká ko iruppc, nco uoe gkspcskzkcol eg \ njl epperl he pkû devcrlvchl ko uo prcnlssc euc`ezzec, ko queoc rlogl pkû vkskmkhl he slquloze glhhl cplrezkcok. ^u ehl prkonkpkc, scoc kspkrel hl \WL (uoktá tlnochciknjl lhl`loterk)  korcgcl gehhe Dket plr kogkvkguerl \WL verkeoc gek =1 ek >1 egglt olhhe prcguzkcol gk qulhhl nco c`cilolká. Hl gk`loskcok glhh' `ccrkdesk l gek 71lhlvee ek 91 olhhe desl gk essl`mheiikc, nco h'cmmkltvc gk rkschvlrl lvlouehk prcmhl`k olh `c`loc ko nuk sk prlsloeoc. Tklol k`pcse he prlgkspcskzkcol gk ncrsk gk dcr`ezkcol l egglsre`loc, oconjë gk seogerg l gk prcnlgurl gk vehuezkcol. Olhhe hcsce glh FKW essu`coc uo ruchc k`pcreol k nkrnchk gk quehká l ehrk `cglhhk sk`khk njl konlovkoc kh dcr`uhersk gk kgll. Wehl epprcnnkc sk ennc`peioe nco uoe pchkne rlrkmuve konloveol e hkvlhhc gk iruppk erevlrsc kh nct`c (rlrkmuzkcol ko mesl eh rksuhec) cppurl erevlrsc prl`k gk prcguzkcol. Kh WQ@ (tctehl prcgunvl `ekotlonl)  je h'cmmkltvc gk `kihkcrerl h'egemkhká glihk k`pkeo l gk prlvlokrl ihk lrrcrk. Lssc sk mese suh reppcrc re kh l`pc cplrevc uhl l kh l`pc gk nerknc `ennjkoe (l`pc olnlsserkc plr prcgurrl) su mesl plrnlouehl. ^k lvkglozkeoc ncsk hl plrgkl gk prcguzkcol plr gksduozkcok. 4.< Kh Ycrhg Nhess @eoudentcrkoi (YN@) Kh YN@ (Ycrg Nhess @eoudenturki)  nc`prlogl h'eiirliezkcol gk

k`prlsl epperlolo e gkvlrsk slcrk, nckovchik`loc njl evvklol erevlrsc h'usc gk `lcgk l seogerg. Ek hevcrecrk sk rknjklgl gk lsslrl pchkduozkcoehk l pchkvehlo. Kh YN@ k nuk cmkltvk pcsscoc lsslrl rkessuo olk ‘querc zlrk‐, (nkcê zlrc gkdl, zlrc iues, zlrc ikenlozl, zlrc rk`eolozl), glvl lsslrl heonkec erevlrsc uo `lnchcsc hevcrc gk dcr`ezkcol glh plrscoehl. Kh prkonkpehl sveoeiikc ê h'lhlvec iregc gk seurezkcol glihk k`pkeo. 4.4 He vehutezkcol glihk kovls`lo olhhl oucvl tlnochcikl H'egczkcol glhhl oucvl lnochcikl puý pcrerl veoteiik, `e lsslrl ncscsc ko lr`kok gk rknlrne. ^ple ehhe gkrlzkcol s`erl k prlsu`kmkhk mlolnk

lologc ncoc glh plrscoehl l glhh'kolirezkcol nco hl `ennjkol. \oe schuzkcol ê repprlsloee geh rkncrsc eh hleskoi, olhh'enqukskzkcol gk ehk lnochcikl. H'koocvezkcol lnochcikne ilolrl uo hloc prcirlssc kokzkehl, dcrl lsphcskcol sunnlsskve l snersk rksuhe olhhe desl gk `eurká. ^uh pkeoc glk ncs, h'kovls`loc puý lsslrl `ksurec erevlrsc6 - `kocrk sner „ rezkcoehkzzezkcol glk ncosu`k gk lolrike „ `kocrk sncrl gk sl`khevcre „ `kocrk ncs gk `eocgcplre. ]k`eoicoc lhlve k ncst dssk . Qlr k mlok gk heric ncosu`c scoc pkû ncovloklo ihk k`pkeo splnkehkzze suk quehk pcsscoc koslrkrl lhl`lo gk lsskmkhká. NEQKWCHC ; - ^k puý ncoskglrerl njl h‛epprcvkiikcoe`loc, kh gkshcne`loc cplrevc glk mlok l glk `lzzk l• glhhe gksrkmuzkcol skne rkloreoc olhhc sugkc glhhe hciksne. He Hciksne je evuc uo ergkvc rkncocsnk`loc glhhe sue k`pcreoze olhhe ilscol ezklogehl. He rezkcoehkzzezkcol glhhl etvká prcgutvl, rknjklgl uo‛crieokzzezkcol glk reppcr e `col l e vehhl chrl njl uo suppcrc kodcr`evc. Olhh'euehl ncolsc, he hciksne ncoslol h'lqukhkmrkc re he prcguzkcol ko slrkl (njl ncoslol gk clolrl mlok eg uo ncsc ennlemkhl) l kh mkscioc nrlsnlol gk snlhl kogkvkguehk gk ncosu`c gk uoe gc`eoge sl`prl pkû lskilol l kosemkhl. Qlr Qcrtlr hl etvká hciksnjl essu`coc uo ruchc gllr`koeol olhhe netloe glh vehcrl. He iure lvkglozke nc`l kh vehcrl glh prcgcc ske gllr`koec gehhe sc``e glhhl etvká hciksnjl, cplrevl, gk prcguzkcol vlre l prcprke, njl kgloneoc kh ussc `elrkehl glhhe resdcr`ezkcol, nco qulhhl gk

`erbloi l glk slrvkzk gk essksloze olnlsserk. Kh `erikol, ncsukc gehhe gklrloze re kh vehcrl gk vlogke lg kh ncsc scslouc plr lluerl ske hl gll etvká prk`erkl, nkcê ilolrerknk gk vehcrl, ske qulhhl gk suppcrc njl je``c kh nc`pkc gk svkhupperl c enqukskrl hl rkscrsl gk mesl6 lssc gá he `ksure olhhe sue e`pklzze, glhhe nc`plvká glhh‛ezkloge. Wehl nc`plvká gkplogl gehhe nepenká glh `eoeil`lo gk kolirerl l nccrgkoerl oco schc hl etvká kolrol `e eonjl qulhhl nco k dcrokcrk l k gksrkmucrk.^l sk ncoskglre h‛kolrc nknhc prcgutvc sk ilolre qulhhc njl Qcrlr gloksnl kh sksl`e glh vehcrl, he nuk loá ê

 

ko duozkcol glhh‛lnkloze lg lnenke gk nkesnuo perolr. Lssc ncsuksnl uoc sru`loc gk ncorchhc l gk vehuezkcol lnenl, ge uhkzzerl ko `cgc oco senc `e gkoe`knc, ek ok gk ncodrcoc olh l`pc l olhhc spezkc plr `ksurerl k gklrlozkehk nc`plvk. DKII 5 l = peii. 5;= l 5;> ;.> He hciksne6 gksozkcok l erll epphknevl He duozkcol glhhe Hciksne ncosksl olh ncovcihkerl l

nccrgkoerl kh ussc sknc ko koirlssc glhhl rkscrsl l qulhhc ko usnke glk mlok l slrvkzk. Wehk ussk oco scoc ncoouk, `e snc`pcs ko hct (epprcvvkikcoe`loc, prcguzkcol, scnneiikc, respcrc) njl veooc gk`loskcoe l crieokzze ko rlhezkcol ehhl nepenká lskslo nco h'cmkltvc glh `kok`c ncsc ihcmehl. He Hciksne ê guoqul he duozkcol ezklogehl njl sk pcol hc sncpc gk prcire``erl, crieokzzerl l ncorchherl ul hl etvká gk `cvk`loezkcol l gk k``eiezzkoe`loc, njl denkhkeoc kh ussc glhhe prcguzkcol geh puoc gk enquksc glhhl `elrkl e qulhhc glh ncosu`c oehl. He hciksne kotlroesk cnnupe glhhl `elrkl, nc`pcolo prcvloklo gehhl dco gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc skoc ehhe hcrc resdcr`ezkcol ko mlok ok. He hciksne ko usnkte c gk `erbloi  sk essu`l kh nerknc glk prcgct ok l je he rlspcosemkhká glhhe hcrc `cvk`loezkcol l scnneiikc eh ol gk uo scggksdenlol nchhcne`loc olh `lrnec. Kh rlspcosemkhl glhhe hciksne gk `erbloi prlogl glnkskcok eonjl su quehk smcnnjk eh gleihkc ncovklol snlihklrl, quehk veoeiik pcsscoc lsslrnk olhhe snlhe gk uo ircsskse cppurl nco he gksrkmuzkcol gkrle. ^k ê svkhuppee ncol`pcreole`lol ehhe hciksne gk `erbloi, ‘he gkrlzkcol glk `elrkehk‐ njl k`phkne kh ussc prcire``ec l ncorchhec gk ul hl sncrl (`elrkl prk`l, sl`khevcre, prcgct ok). Kh ‘@etlrkehs @eoei`lot‐ rknjklgl uoe ncocsnloze glhhe gc`eoge ihcmehl plr nkesnuo prcgcc hk`kee`lol eh plrkcgc gk l`pc olnlsserkc plr ncoslorl h‛ehhcnezkcol glhhl sncrl rknjklsl gehhe prcguzkcol eihk semkhk`lo. Kh @elrkehs @eoeil`lo kochrl oco sk cnnupe glk ncs gk sksl`k gksrkmuvk ehlroevk, reool njl ehk ehlroevl oco nc`pcroc `eiikcrk c `kocrk sncrl gk prcgct ok plr scslolrl uo quehuoqul hkvlhhc semkhkc gk vchu`l gk vlogkl. H‛lsplrkloze pcre e nconhuglrl njl kh @elrkehs @eoeil`lo ê pkû gkusc olhhl ezklogl njl svchicoc prlvehlol`lol etvká gk essl`mheiikc l/c njl jeooc k`pkeo nco prcmhl`k nc`phlssk gk `eoulozkcol `lorl k prcmhl`k gk hciksne gk `erbloi scoc pkû evvlr olhhl kogusrkl njk`knjl, ehk`loerk l der`enlunjl. He iure glhkoe hl prkovkpehk erll gk sksl`e l gk uoe rll hciksne. Qeikoe 5;4 ;.7 He struure crieokzzeve glhhe hciksne Glhkole`c cre ehnuok esplt gk sruurezkcol glhhe hciksne.

Olh gkslioerl h‛crieokzzezkcol gk ehl slcrl ezklogehl ve loue ko ncoc he gkvlrská glk nc`pk njl elogcoc nchcrc k quehk vk skeoc nckovch. H‛egglc eh slcrl renc oco puý cnnupersk glhhe ilscol glhhl sncrl c vknlvlrse. Lsksl plrnký uoe logloze ehhe splnkehkzzezkcol njl kolvkemkh`lol eu`loe nco kh nrlsnlrl glhhl gk`loskcok ezklogehk. Nký oco cihkl njl splnkl olhhl ezklogl gk `eiikcrk gk`loskcok sk pcoie kh prcmhl`e gk uoe glokzkcol vlrnehl glk nc`pk hciksnk njl puý vlglrl ehhe lse uo gkrkilol. E qulse crieokzzezkcol co hkol, sk pcsscoc vehkge`lol eeonerl glhhl duozkcok gk ste  njl  njl pcsscoc rkiuergerl errl quehk he prcire``ezkcol glhhe gkshcnezkcol kolroe gk uo glpcskc, hc svkhuppc gk `lcgk gk ncorchhc glhhl sncrl, lnn. \oe snlhe njl ê k`pcse nco `eiikcrl drlquloze olh l`pc ê qulhhe olhh‛ctne glhh‛cuscurnkoi, gk egerl e lrzk he ilscol oco schc glk slrvkzk kodcr`enk `e eonjl qulhhe koliree glk respcr l gk `eiezzkoeiikc, vkse he nrlsnlol nc`phlsská l hl nchhliel nepenká l prcdlsskcoehká rknjklsl6 uevke hl nc`pllozl gk qulsl k`prlsl oco glvcoc lsslrl schc gk pc cplrevc. Kh rlspcosemkhl glhhe hciksne glvl lsslrl nchhcnec olhh‛e`mkc glhh‛crieokire``e ezklogehl, eg uo hkvlhhc lhlvec, pcsskmkh`lol ehhe perk glk gkrkilo gk `erbloi, glhhe prcguzkcol oeozkerke. He `cvezkcol ve rknlrnee olhhe ncokuehká njl sk ilolre re qulsl duozkcok. L`lril ncsk he olnlsská gk reiikuoilrl uo lqukhkmrkc re hl verkl etvká l duozkcok nckovchl ko quls‛erle eh ol gk `eololrl uo muco iregc gk nclskcol lg lslrnkerl kh olnlsserkc ncorchhc suk ncs njl prc`eoeoc. Hl gknchá scoc koikieol eonjl gek prcmhl`k gk nc`uoknezkcol njl sk pcoicoc. Heggcvl k nc`pk hciksnk oco essu`coc rkhlveol nc`phlsská puý lsslrl hk`kec h‛kolrvloc ehhe nrlezkcol gk uoc se nco e nepc uo rlspcosemkhl. \o‛ehre schuzkcol gkuse ê qulhhe njl prlvlgl he ncsuzkcol gk uo nc`kec nc`pcsc gek rlspcosemkhk glhhl verkl erll kolrlssel, k quehk sk rkuoksncoc plrkcgkne`lol plr ilsrl prcmhl`k gk snerse prlvlgkmkhká ko erll gk konlre gllr`koezkcol. Ko vke ilolrehl sk puý elr`erl njl ê mlol njl he hciksne ncoslrvk uoe sruure

 

ennloree, eh ol gk essknurerl uoe `kihkcrl rlehkzzezkcol glhhe pkeoknezkcol ihcmehl gk ehl etvká, mesee suh ussc sknc gk prcgct glhh‛kolr ezkloge. Wuevke he logloze euehl ê gk nconlorerl sl`prl `eiikcrl elozkcol l gk lslrnkerl kh `essk`c ncorchhc suh `kihkcr usc glhhl rkscrsl l suhhe rkguzkcol glk ncs olhh‛erle njl crgkoerke`lol sk de rklorerl olhh‛e`mkc glhhe hciksne, ehhc sncpc gk ger vke e uo lnenl gklrlozkehl nc`plvc. • NEQKWCHC 51 - He ilscol glk `etlrkehk l he prcire``ezkcol glhhe prcguzkcol Ihk epprcvvkikcoe`lo repprlsloeoc h'eolhhc kokzkehl glh prcnlssc hciksnc l ncprcoc h'erle glk ncs ocr`eh`lol pkû e`pke. ^k gloksnl duozkcol enquks (epprcvvkikcoe`lo), qulhh'erle njl je he rlspcosemkhká gk ilsrl kh prcnlssc g'enquksc, njl schke`lol nc`prlogl hl sliulo desk6 • gllr`koezkcol glk mlok l slrvkzk ge enqukserl (ko lr`kok gk quehká l queoá rknjklsl)2 glol splnkneco2 • kglonezkcol l slhlzkcol glk dcrokcrk2 slhlnt supphklr2 • prlperezkcol l ncoguzkcol gk reevl nco kh dcrokcrl eh ol gk semkhkrl uo enncrgc2 oliceco eog ncotrent eirll`lot2 • l`ksskcol glhh'crgkol eh dcrokcrl slhlzkcoec2 crglrkoi2 • `cokcreiikc l ncorchhc

glh dcrokcrl eonjë iereosne queoc prlvksc gehhe ncodlr`e g'crgkol2 lxplgkoi2 • dchhcw- up l vehuezkcol2 lvehuteco. ^k ree gk uo koskl`l gk etvká olnlsserkl e iereorl uo rlicherl ussc gk `elrkehk l slrvkzk slncogc hl lskilozl gk prcguzkcol. Ihk cmklvk prkonkpehk scoc clolrl rksper`k, lvkerl rkergk olhhl ncosliol, njeko rlskslrl eg eu`lo gk prlzzk. Olihkêuh`k eookolh n'ê `c`loc sec kh pesseiikc hciksne eh supphynjl `eoei`lot (^N@). Wehl pesseiikc evvlouc ko nuk hegehhe hciksne je sncplrc ê uhl usnkrl

gek ncook ezklogehk. Nk sk rkdlrksnl ehhe ilscol gk uoe slrkl gk duozkcok quehk he ilscol glk dcrokcrk, glihk epprcvvkikcoe`lo, glhhl cplrezkcok gk `eiezzkoeiikc, glh respcrc l glhhe gc`eoge. Wuc nký ê denkhkec gehhl lnochcikl gk nc`uoknezkcol, gek sksl`k kodcr`enk l ge kolrol. He supphy-njeko suplre ncsè k ncook ezklogehk, e`phkeogcsk huoic he neloe glh vehcrl lslroe. ^k perhe gk hleo supphy njeko plr kogknerl he `kihkcrl lg lnklol ilscol glk reppcr nco ihk ecrk glhhe neloe, uoc solhhk`loc njl de nc`prloglrl njl kh vehcrl glh prcgcc sk rlehkzze huoic ue he neloe olhhe dcrokure. Tk scoc l`k pknk ko ehl erle, nc`l he snlhe glhh'e`mklol ‐`ebl cr muy‐, he gk`loskcol glihk crgkok, he ncsuzkcol gk egliuel sncrl l kh hcrc ncorchhc. He pchkne glh prcgcc nc`prlogl ul hl glnkskcok rlhevl ek `elrkehk epprcvvkikcoe, ihk sru`lo uhkzze scoc hl rknlrnjl gk `lrnec, h'eoehksk glh pcredcihkc `elrkehk l h'eoehksk glh vehcrl. ^lncogc Brehfkn he supphy `eoei`lo (duozkcol epprcvvkikcoe`lo) gkplogl ge gul decrk6 5) he rkhlveoze glihk enquks, ko lr`kok gk vehcrl eiikuoc plr hkole gk prcgcc2 =) he nc`phlsská glh `lrnec gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc, lvkglozkee gehhe snerská glk rkdcrok`lo l geh iregc gk nconcrrloze glh `lrnec2 He `etrknl gk Brehfkn gksoiul nco querc rkquegrk querc pchcikl gk `elrkehk g'enquksc6 • `etlrkehk oco nrknk6 nc`pcolo njl jeooc uo messc k`pec suhh'ezkloge l njl sk rcveoc ko emmcogeoze. Qlr qulse pchcike gk nc`pcolo sk puoe eg uoe sl`phknezkcol glh prcnlssc g'enquksc c ehhe glhlie glhhe ilscol eg uo perolr lslroc • `etlrkehk ‘nchhk gk mcihke‐ 6 nco uo k`pec ezklogehl messc ko lr`kok lncoc`knk `e plr k quehk he ncoouká gk dcrokure nc`pcre uo rksnjkc lhlvec. ^k puoe e nrlerl reppcr gk nchhemcrezkcol olh `lgkchuoic lr`kol plr iereorl he dcrokure, nco `kocr lodesk suh ncsc • `etlrkehk stretliknk6 nc`pcolo k`pcreo plr h'ezkloge ske ko lr`kok gk k`pec lncoc`knc njl plr hl ncogkzkcok gk dcrokure. ^k puoe eg uo `cokcreiikc ncoouc glhhe skuezkcol • `etlrkehk nco llc hlve6 k`pcreo plr h'ezkloge `e nchhcne ko `lrne pcnc rksnjkcsk l nco clre emmcogeol. ^k logl e sdruerl eh `essk`c kh prcprkc pclrl ncoreuehl l h'emmcogeoze glhh'clre nco drlqulo oliczkezkcok.

 

Dkiure peikoe =1< ^k ve plrnký ncoschkgeogc uoe rezkcoehkzzezkcol glhhl sncrl, uo'eloe slhlzkcol lg uo ncoouc ncorchhc glk dcrokcrk. Kh hkvlhhc gk slrvkzkc glk dcrokcrk vklol `ksurec ge verkemkhk ske gk pk lncoc`knc-queoevc ske gk oeure quehkeve. Olhhe prk`e pchcike gk verkemkhk rkloreoc kh prlzzc glhhe `elrke prk`e l he sue quehká. Ehrk esplt scoc hl verkemkhk l`pcrehk hliel ehhe ncoslioe, hl verkemkhk lnoknc-cplrevl, he lsskmkhká. Deooc perl glh prk`c e`mkc he repkgktá, he quehl gkplogl gehhe vknkoeoze ilcirene re k dcrokcrk l h'k`prlse kogusrkehl, l he puotuehktá njl vklol `ksuree erevlrsc hc sncse`loc `lgkc re he gee gk ncoslioe peuke l qulhhe lltve. Hl verkemkhk tlnoknccplrevl rkiuergeoc ske hl cplrezkcok gk jeoghkoi (prl-k`mehheiikc) ske hl cplrezkcok gk k`mehheiikc slssc.

He lsskmkhká, kolse nc`l nepenká glh dcrokcrl gk nconhuglrl ncoret eplr l gk egeerl hl `cgehká gk ncoslioe ehhl lskilozl sruurehk glhh'k`prlse. \o ehrc decrl njl iukge hl k`prlsl vlrsc he snlhe glh dcrokcrl ê he nrknká glhhe rkscrse. 51.= Eoehksk gk ehnuok `cglhhk gk `lrnetc crieokzzetc olhh‛epprcvkiikcoe`lotc Wre k `cglhhk gk `lrnec

crieokzzec olhh'epprcvvkikcoe`loc emmke`c6 • Kh sksl`e gk ‘sumncotrenoi‐ glhh'kogusrke euc`cmkhksne ikeppcolsl je nerelrk crkikoehk gk ilrernjke ol gk `lrnec. He nese euc`cmkhksne essu`l perlnkpezkcok gk `kocreoze olh nepkehl glk prkonkpehk dcrokcrk (5± desnke) njl e hcrc vche crieokzzeoc uo iruppc gk dcrokcrk gk =± hkvlhhc eh gk scc glk quehk cplreoc ou`lrcsl k`prlsl `kocrk. ^lmmlol k sumdcrokcrk skeoc eonjl ko gkrle nconcrrloze dre hcrc, h'epperlolrl e qulsc nhum hk pcre eg uo reppcrc nchhemcrevc. ^k nrle uo iruppc ncoreuehl nco ncoouc sne`mkc gk kodcr`ezkcok l eiikcroe`loc glhhl ncocsnlozl lnochciknjl. Kh sksl`e duozkcoe eonjl plr kh dcrl pclrl gllouc gehhl nesl l gehhe rlpuezkcol njl ol gksnlogl olhh'lsslrl eoocvlrec re k dcrokcrk glhhl slssl. Ko ehl `cglhhc sk perl geh prlzzc gk vlogke prlvksc glhh'euc plr gllr`koerl qulhhc glk nc`pcolo, denlogc gkvloerl kh prlzzc uo decrl gk slhlzkcol nrunkehl. Kh dcrokcrl plr lsslrl nconcrrlozkehl glvl sl`prl `kihkcrersk ( bekzlo) kovlslogc ko oucvk prcnlssk l `cgknjl gk prlzzc. • Kh `cglhhc lse`koec perl ge uoe pcskzkcol gk `cocpscokc (dcr`e gk `lrnec nerelrkzzee gehhe prlsloze gk uo schc enqukrlol), ko ehrl nkrncseozl kh pclrl ncoreuehl ê `eiikcr`lol gllouc gek dcrokcrk l nký ennegl sl „ hl k`prlsl dcrokrknk scoc ko ou`lrc hk`kec l rksuheoc pkû nconlorel glhhl k`prlsl enqukrlo2 „ oco lskscoc prcgct scsuvk „ kh mlol vloguc ê uo decrl glhhe prcguzkcol k`pcreol plr h'enqukrlol „ kh slcrl oco ê k`pcreol plr kh dcrokcrl2 • \o ehrc `cglhhc gksoiul rl hkvlhhk6 ilrernjknc, `uhpcherl, `enrc k`prlse. Kh hkvlhhc ilrernjknc glvl prlncsukrl uo crgkol cplrevc druc gk glnkskcok sreliknjl glhh'k`prlse-iukge, erevlrsc hl quehk vloicoc svchl hl ezkcok gk nccrgkoe`loc suh slncogc hkvlhhc. Kh hkvlhhc `uhpcherl ê ncsukc ge k`prlsl nco eucoc`ke glnkskcoehl hk`kee njl semkhksncoc glhhl kolrgkploglozl (pchk) plr rlehkzzerl prcgct c slrvkzk ge sne`mkerl ehh'kolroc c ge crkrl ehh'lslroc. Kh >± hkvlhhc ê ncsukc ge k`prlsl lslrol (kogcc) njl oliczkeoc nco k pchk plr ncoslorl ehh'k`prlse prkonkpehl gk rlehkzzerl ihk cmkltvk. • \o ehrc `cglhhc, gkusc olh slcrl lsskhl emmkihke`loc, splnkl kehkeoc, prlvlgl uo'k`prlse gk emmkihke`loc eh nlorc njl enqukse he hknloze g'usc gk uoe irkl (oc`l gk uoc shkse) plr ncoreggksoiulrl k prcprk prcgct njl vloicoc gkslioe ge glskiolr l k`prlsl lslrol, egeogc e uoc c pkû k`prlsl gk nc``lrnkehkzzezkcol hl vlogkl. Lhl`lo gk eoká nco kh `cglhhc ikeppcolsl glh FKW scoc he vknkoeoze ilcirene, h'korcguzkcol glhhl lnochcikl `knrclhlrcoknjl l h'k`pklic gk `eocgcplre lsskmkhl. • \o uhlrkcrl `cglhhc rkiuerge he Nc`eblrsjkp splnkl plr hl cplrezkcok gk pc koocvevc, nco k`prlsl splnkehksnjl. Kh nckovchik`loc ehh'kolroc glhh'ezkloge ê ehc, lg l`lril he iure glh pcfln `eoeilr, nkcê uo sciilc njl nccrgkoe hl cplrezkcok nco k dcrokcrk srelikne`lol pkû k`pcreo, eh ol gk rkgurrl kh `l c `erbl.

 

51.> Kh `erbloi g‛enqukstc H'lhlvee nc`phlsská glh `lrnec gk dcrokure l h'k`pcreoze glk `elrkehk,

k`pcol uoe pchkne gk huoic lr`kol. Kh `erbloi g'enquksc, puý lsslrl glokc nc`l uo prcnlssc glnkskcoehl erevlrsc kh quehl h'ezkloge snlihkl dre k gkvlrsk dcrokcrk lskslo suh `lrnec. Lssc sk lsrkoslne ko uo koskl`l gk pchknjl l gk ezkcok crkloel eg essu`lrl uo ruchc etvc olk ncodrco glh `lrnec glhhe dcrokure plr rlehkzzerl veoeiik nc`plvk. Ncosksl ko uoe hcsce, uo eliike`loc, uo oucvc `cgc gk ercoerl ue he l`ene glhh‛epprcvkiikcoe`loc, uo koskl`l gk etvká sruurel, oco cnneskcoehk. Kh `erbloi g‛enquksc cplre uhkzzeogc uo koskl`l gk hlvl, gll gk prcnurl`lot `kx6 • Hlve Qrcgcc6 logl eg kogkvkguerl hl dco gk nrknká eh ol gk pclrhl ilsrl ko eonkpc, olhhe desl gk glokzkcol glk eril l glhhl srelikl glh reppcrc gk dcrokure. • Hlve Qrlzzc6 logl ehhe oliczkezkcol glhhl ncogkzkcok lncoc`knjl njl rlicheoc kh reppcrc nco kh dcrokcrl • Hlve Dco g'enqukstc6 sk mese suh `cokcreiikc glk `lrne gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc plr h'kogkvkguezkcol gk dcrokcrk pclozkehk. • ]lhezkcol ge kosteurerl nco kh dcroktcrl 6 sk gksoiucoc rl nhessk gk reppcrc2 regkzkcoehl, mesec suh reppcrc cppcruoksnc nc`plvc2 - kolirec, mesec su uo enncrgc plr skonrcokzzerl k ussk gk dcrokure2 - lvchuc, mesec su uoe vlre l prcprke perolrsjkp. ^k puý elr`erl, njl vk ê uoe logloze e reppcr pkû semkhk l gureurk, mese su hciknjl gk nccplrezkcol, nco sne`mk kodcr`evk pkû kolosk. Qlr l-prcnur`lo, sk kologl h'epprcvvkikcoe`loc lhlrcoknc erevlrsc kolrol. 51.7 He `cvk`lotezkcol kotlroe \oe vche lluec h'epprcvvkikcoe`loc, hl `elrkl, hl per l hl

erlzzeurl veooc respcrel, rkrel l ncoslrvel slncogc he schuzkcol pkû ncovloklol ge rknlrnerl ko verk lhl`lo. Nk sk pcol kh prcmhl`e glhhe gk`loskcol glk glpcsk. He logloze ê gk rkgurol hl gk`loskcok l e nrlerl skoichl erll gk rknlvk`loc l scnneiikc ko prcssk`ká glk nlork gk hevcrezkcol, plr devcrkrl h'eussc pkû eilvchl gk `elrkehk eihk k`pkeo gk hevcrezkcol. \o rlqukskc dcoge`loehl ê njl kh hey-cut, nkcê he gkspcskzkcol gk k`pkeo l `ennjkoerk, ncosloe gk lolrl scc ncorchhc he skuezkcol. \o prcmhl`e k`pcreol njl sk pcol ê qulhhc glh ou`lrc glhhl hkoll gk `coeiikc ge kosehherl, sl sk cloicoc gul c pkû prcgct c de`kihkl gk prcgct6 sl k `elrkehk, nc`pcolo l erlzzk scoc ou`lrcsk ncovklol uoknerl hl hkoll plr reikcok gk spezkc l gk `cvk`loezkcol `elrkehk. H‛cmkltvc ê qulhhc gk rkgurrl k l`pk gk erevlrse`loc l gk prcguzkcol nco uoe nchhcnezkcol kh pkû pcsskmkhl ncoiue glhhl erll nco qulhhl e `col c e vehhl glh nknhc gk prcguzkcol. Hl gkspcskzkcok rkloul prldlrkmkhk scoc qulhhl e slrplooe, ko queoc rkgunl hl gkseozl ge der plrncrrlrl gek `lzzk gk `cvk`loezkcol l re ihk egglt, nco h'cmkltvc gk rkgurrl k l`pk. \oe vche llue k ncorchhk queoevk l quehkevk, he `lrnl puý lsslrl `cvk`loee olk glpcsk c, ko nesc gk FKW, gkrle`lol ko prcssk`ká glhhl hkoll gk prcguzkcol. He `lrnl vklol k``eiezzkoee slncogc uoe hcikne gk k``eiezzkoe`lotc , ko perncherl sk puý evlrl uo `eiezzkoc `eouehl, sl`keuc`enc c euc`enc. Geh puoc gk vkse sknc kh `eiezzkoc ê gkvksc ko > zcol6 - he zcoe gk rknlzkcol, glvl lolr ncoc njl ihk errkvk glhhl `lrnk oco scoc sl`prl prcire``emkhk l pcsscoc ennevehhersk2 - he zcoe gk k`mehhc l splgkzkcol , je gk schkc `kocrk lskilozl gk spezkc ko queoc he splgkzkcol puý lsslrl pkû denkh`lol prcire``ee2 - he zcoe gk stcnneiikc, ncsuksnl qulhhe perl ko nuk hl `lrnk rk`eoicoc ko ikenloze, uo lnnlssc gk gk`loskcok nc`pcre ncs gk e``cre`loc, `lorl uo gkdlc gk gk`loskcok puý ger hucic e koncovloklo re hl perl gk `lrnk. 51.< Hcnehkzzezkcol glihk stemkhk`lo l prcmhl`k gk glokzkcol glhhe nepenktá prcguve Kh prcmhl`e

hciksnc essu`l nrlsnlol k`pcreoze `eo `eoc njl sk ehherie he olnlsská gk resdlrkrl koilo queoá gk rkscrsl l gk prcgct ok. He hcnehkzzezkcol kogustrkehl , gcvrlmml evvlokrl heggcvl ske `kok`e he sc``e glk ncs gk kovls`loc, gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc l gk nchhlie`loc. Geh hec glhh'epprcvvkikcoe`loc sk je he logloze eg uo evvknkoe`loc glhh'etvká gk prcguzkcol ko prcssk`ká glhhc semkhk`loc gk `coeiikc oehl, logloze njl sk ncoreppcol e qulhhe, pkne glh lsskhl-emmkihke`loc, nco kh glnlore`loc gk

 

ehnuol desk gk hevcrezkcol ko Qelsk e messc ncsc gk `eocgcplre. He snlhe prciluehl ê vche e gcerl hc semkhk`loc gk uoe pclozkehká loglozkeh`lol suplrkcrl ehhe gc`eoge `lgke c `essk`e prlvkse e `lgkc-huoic lr`kol. Essu`l rkhklvc he nepenká gk `cgknerl he prcguzkcol olhh'e`mkc gk uoe pkû ilolrkne lsskmkhká glh sksl`e prcgutvc, ge oco ncodcoglrl nco h'lhesnká, kolse nc`l pcsskmkhká gk `cgknerl kh vchu`l prcgutvc sloze konkglrl suh ncsc uokerkc gk prcguzkcol (`eiikcrk ncs ssk, `kocrl ê h'lhesnká). 51.4 „ 51.9 He dcr`ezkcol l He nhessknezkcol glhhl sncrtl Qlr queoc rkiuerge he dcr`ezkcol gk sncrtl, vk

scoc gul pk gk epprcnnkc6 Cnnkgloehl, Ikeppcolsl. Lore`mk ihk epprcnnk scoc vch e rkgurrl eh `kok`c k ncs l k`phkneoc he sl`prl pkû srle kolrezkcol dre he ilscol glk `elrkehk, prcire``ezkcol l hl ehrl duozkcok hciksnjl. Hl sncrl pcsscoc lsslrl glokl nc`l uo koskl`l gk `elrkehk, sl`khevcre l prcgct njl ko uo gllr`koec `c`loc scoc ko else gk perlnkperl eg uo prcnlssc gk resdcr`ezkcol c gk gksrkmuzkcol. He duozkcol glhhl sncrl ê rloglrl kogkploglol h'k`prlse geihk eoge`lo glh `lrnec l gehhl gkvlrsl desk gk prcguzkcol ehh'kolroc glhh'k`prlse. Hl sncrl pcsscoc lsslrl nhessknel ko mesl ehhe hcrc glsoezkcol l ko mesl ehhe duozkcol svche. • Hl `etlrkl prk`l6 scoc ncsukl gek decrk prcgutvk ko loree l slrvcoc eg cvvkerl ek rkergk olhhl ncosliol glihk epprcvvkikcoe`lo. • K sl`khevcre6 scoc `elrkehk njl jeooc sumkc ehnuol resdcr`ezkcok `e njl oco scoc eoncre uh`e l slrvcoc plr cvvkerl ek rkergk gk ncoslioe glk sum-dcrokcrk c gk ehrk rlper prcgutvk, kochrl ncoslol ehhl skoichl sezkcok gk crieokzzersk nco uo `ko gk eucoc`ke. • K prcgc ok6 scoc mlok njl scoc prco plr he vlogke l slrvcoc e der drcol eihk eoge`lo nknhknk glhhe gc`eoge. \oe slncoge gksozkcol vklol dee re • ^ncrtl duozkcoehk6 sk kologcoc hl ikenlozl ennu`uhel plr ncprkrl hl lskilozl ske gk respcrc njl gk prcguzkcol l plr rlehkzzerl he duozkcol gk gksenncppke`loc gk gul c pkû desk olh prcnlssc gk enqukscprcguzkcol l vlogke. E eh prcpcskc sk gksoiul re6 - sncrl ko reoskc, njl glvcoc lsslrl prcpcrzkcoehk eh l`pc k`pkliec olh resdlrkrl uo mlol ge uo puoc gk scnneiikc gk hevcrezkcol eg uo ehrc2 - sncrl crieokzzevl, njl rlogcoc kogkploglo hl gkvlrsl desk glh sksl`e prcgutvc-gksrkmuvc. • ^ncrtl gk sknurlzze6 slrvcoc e ncprkrl he verkezkcol gk oeure nesuehl glhh'eoge`loc `lgkc glhhe gc`eoge l glh hleg-`l `lgkc. Qlr hleg-`l (l`pc gk rkcrgkoc) sk kologl h'kolrvehhc gk l`pc njl kolrncrrl re kh `c`loc ko nuk sk evvlrl he olnlsská gk rkncsrukrl hl sncrl l kh rknlvk`loc glhhl slssl ko `eiezzkoc. • ^ncrtl splnuhevl6 scoc repprlsloel gehhl ikenlozl ncsukl eh ol gk rerrl veoeiikc ge uoe verkezkcol prlvkse glk prlzzk(prlzzk ncsc l rknevc) ko uo gllr`koec plrkcgc gk l`pc. 51.: K ncs gk ilscol glhhl sncrtl Olhhe snlhe glh `cglhhc gk ilscol ê dcoge`loehl he ncocsnloze glk ncs ncoolssk ehhl gkvlrsl pchknjl ilscoehk. Hl prkonkpehk iurl njl nc`pcoicoc kh ncstc tctehl gk ilscol glhhl sncrtl scoc6 - ncs gk crgkoezkcol6 crgkoezkcol6 konhugcoc k ncs gk l`ksskcol l gk ilscol glihk crgkok

scslou l hl splsl gk respcrc gehhe demmrkne2 - ncs gk `eotlok`lotc6 `eotlok`lotc6 konhugcoc k ncs glh pclozkehk rlogk`loc glh nepkehl, ncs ncsuk geh plrscoehl egglc ehhe ilscol skne glhhl sncrl, ncs ncoolssk nco hc spezkc gk `eiezzkoc usec (neocok gk hcnezkcol, gkrkt g'usc), ncs rlhevk ehhe ilscol gk uo glpcskc gk prcprklá ezklogehl2 - ncs gk scc-sncre6 ncs hlie ehh'kosunkloze glhhl sncrl2 - ncs gk lnnlgloze glhhl sncrtl6 ncsuk gek `eiikcrk ncs gk `eolok`loc ilolre ge uo'lnnlgloze oco skchcikne gk sncrl. He ilscol glk ussk `elrkehk `kre e iereorl he ncooue gkspcokmkhká glk `elrkehk. Uuls pcsscoc lsslrl gksnrk`koe slncogc hl hcrc nerelrksnjl prkonkpehk quehk6 - he oeture glhhe gc`eoge , njl puý lsslrl gkploglol c kogkploglol2 - kh vehcrl gk k`pklic gk uo `etlrkehl 2 - drlquloze gk ncosu`c.

 

51.; Kh nccrgkoe`lotc sncrtl-prcguzkcol lg k `cglhhk gk ilscol glk `etlrkehk ^lncogc he nc`mkoezkcol

glhhl nerelrksnjl rksuhe ncovloklol egcerl hciknjl gk ilscol gk pc  hccb menb c hccb ejleg, ek quehk ncrrkspcogcoc nrklrk gk heonkc crgkok gk prcguzkcol gk pc scnb ncorch c cw ncorch . Olhhe hcikne glh hccb menb, uo crgkol gk prcguzkcol vklol heonkec queogc he sncre glh `elrkehl rksuhe kosunklol e ncprkrl k demmksciok pkeokne, ehl hcikne ê crkloee ehhe rkncsruzkcol glhhe sncre ko vke gk lseurk`loc, je kh veoeiikc gk lsslrl uoe sl`phknl epphknezkcol `e nc`pcre, ko ilolrl, uo `eiikcrl kovls`loc `lgkc. ^lncogc he hcikne hccb ejleg, uo crgkol vklol heonkec suhhe mesl glh demmkscioc glh `elrkehl, nehnchec ko duozkcol glhhe prcire``ezkcol glhhe prcguzkcol, ehl hcikne prlsloe hc sveoeiikc gk rknjklglrl lhemcrezkcok pkû nc`phlssl. ]kloreoc re hl lnoknjl hccb menb c scnb ncoch k `cglhhk gk ilscol e sncre6 @lcgc glh hcc lncoc`knc l @lcgc e l`pc ssc. ]kloreoc re hl lnoknjl hccb ejleg l cw ncorch k `cglhhk gk ilscol e demmkscioc6 kh @elrkeh ]lqukr`lo Qheookoi (@]Q) l kh Fus ko Wk`l, nco he lnokne glh beomeo. 51.51 K `cglhhk gk ilscol e sncrte6 kh `cglhhc glh hcc lncoc`knc l glh plrkcgc gk rkcrgkoc ssc K `cglhhk

gk ilscol e sncre, scoc vch e nehncherl he gk`loskcol glh `eiezzkoc queogc kh hkvlhhc ko ikenloze snlogl eh gk scc gk uo nlrc hkvlhhc prlglokc, vklol heonkec uo crgkol gk enquksc c gk prcguzkcol vchc e rlkolirerl kh `eiezzkoc. Hl kpctlsk gk quls `cglhhk scoc 6 h'lsksloze gk uo `eiezzkoc nerelrkzzec ge prlhklvk ncoouk, lsksloze gk uoe gc`eoge prlvlgkmkhl l uo ncous`c ireguehl gk sncrl. He lnokne pkû oce ê qulhhe glh hcc lncoc`knc. Uulsc `cglhhc ncoslol, gllr`koeogc he queoá ge crgkoerl, gk `kok`kzzerl he sc``e glk ncs gk `eolok`loc (ncs gk `eiezzkoc, essknurevk, ln) l k ncs gk crgkoezkcol (ncs gk respcrc, e``koksrevk, ln). H'uoká gk l`pc ge prloglrl e rkdlrk`loc puý lsslrl snlhe hkmlre`lol (eooc, `lsl, slt`eoe) purnjê ut k pere`lrk vk dennkeoc rkdlrk`loc. He duozkcol gk ncsc ge `kok`kzzerl gkvklol6 nco U 0 hcc g'enquksc2 D0 demmkscioc2 Nc0 ncsc g'crgkol2 p0prlzzc2 sk oc nc`l kh hcc lncoc`knc nrlsnl eh nrlsnlrl glk ncs gk crgkoezkcol l glh demmkscioc gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc, `lorl sk rkgunl ehh'eu`loerl glh ncsc glh nepkehl. K ncs gk `eolok`loc scoc nrlsnlo eh nrlsnlrl glhhe ikenloze `lgke, eh ncorerkc k ncs gk l`ksskcol glhh'crgkol scoc kogkploglo gehhl gk`loskcok glh hcc l prcpcrzkcoehk eh ou`lrc gk crgkok llue (eoc pkû ireogl ê kh hcc, `kocrk sereooc k ncs ge scslolrl). Wehl `cglhhc ncoslol gk ct`kzzerl k ncs gk ilscol glhhl sncrl ge k pere`lrk rlhevk eh prlzzc, pere`lrk njl pcsscoc verkerl ko duozkcol glhhe queoá enquksee (+enquks, +snco) - (+respcr, +peijk). Kh `cglhhc glh puotc gk rkcrgkoc k`phkne uo `cokcreiikc ncoouc glh `eiezzkoc, nco neglozl l`pcrehk ssl, plr vlrknerl kh hkvlhhc glhhl sncrl ko ikenloze. Ciok vlrkne nc`pcrlrá kh heonkc gk crgkol perk ehhe gklrloze dre he ikenloze l kh hkvlhhc ct`ehl glh `eiezzkoc (hkvlhhc gk rlkolirc). Ko skolsk olh `cglhhc e queoá sse kh `cokcreiikc ê ncoouc, h'crgkol perl queogc kh `eiezzkoc snlogl scc uo gec hkvlhhc, kh hcc crgkoec ê ssc (ncorchhc0 ncoouc, kolrvehhc gk rkcrgkoc0verkemkhl, queoá0sse)2 olh `cglhhc e plrkcgc ssc, kovlnl, kh `cokcreiikc ê gksncoouc, h'crgkol perl sl eh `c`loc glh ncorchhc kh `eiezzkoc snlogl scc uo gec hkvlhhc, kh hcc crgkoec ê verkemkhl (ncorchhc0 gksncoouc, kolrvehhc gk rkcrgkoc0ssc, queoá0verkemkhl). 51.55 He ilscol glhhl sncrtl e demmkscioc Hl tlnoknjl gk ilscol e sncrte prlsloeoc ehnuok hk`k njl

oesncoc plr he vehuezkcol glhhe gc`eoge su nuk gk`loskcoerl kh `eiezzkoc. Wehk lnoknjl rksuheoc lnklo plr k prcgct ok l ko ehnuol ncogkzkcok glhhe gc`eoge, eh ncorerkc scoc pcnc eget ehhe ilscol gk `eiezzkok gk prcgct kolr`lgk c plr uo pcredcihkc nhklo rkgcc nco crgkok ncoskslo. 51.55.= Kh skstl`e @]Q (@etlrkehs ]lqukrl`lots Qheookoi) Ko ehk nesk, scoc uhkzzel hl tlnoknjl gk ilscol e demmkscioc . H'@]Q rknlrne kh `elrkl prk`l l prcgct kolr`lgk e perrl geh demmkscioc gk

prcgct ok lsprlssc olh pkeoc prkonkpehl gk prcguzkcol. H' @]Q ê uoe lnokne `chc nc`phlsse, ko queoc rknjklgl uoe ireogl queoá gk kodcr`ezkcok. Uulsl kodcr`ezkcok prcvloicoc ge6 - Qkeoc prkonkpehl gk Qrcguzkcol (ncse l queoc prcgurrl)2 -gksoe gk mesl (kodcr`ezkcok lnoknjl suk prcgct)2 - hleg `l (kodcr`ezkcok suk l`pk gk prcguzkcol, epprcvvkikcoe`loc)2 - ikenlozl (kodcr`ezkcok suhhl ikenlozl scoc he

 

mesl plr gllr`koerl kh demmkscioc olc). Kh demmkscioc olc será gec ge qulhhc hcrgc eh olc glhhe sncre gkspcokmkhl, quls'uh`e será perk ehhe ikenloze gk `eiezzkoc `loc hl sncrl prlocel l hl sncrl gk sknurlzze e nuk sk sc``eoc ihk crgkok eplr. K prcirlssk glh scwerl gk mesl, jeooc `kihkcrec kh `lcgc njl ciik prlogl kh oc`l gk @]Q KK. Hc sec gk eveoze`loc vklol ncorchhec ehhc sncpc gk vlrknerol he rkspcogloze eh pkeoc l rkhlverol sncse`lo plr gkdlt. 51.55.> Kh Beomeo l kh F\^W KO WK@L Kh Fust ko `l  l kh Wcteh Uuehkty @eoei`lot scoc lnoknjl oehkzzel e6

- prcgurrl schc nký njl cnncrrl eh nhklol2 - prcgurrl schc eh rk`c rknjklsc geh nhklol2 - prcgurrl nco quehká plrdle (zlrc gkdlt) „ lhk`koerl ciok sncre koikusnee2 - prcgurrl nco `lcgk njl devcrksneoc hc svkhuppc glk gkploglo. Kh FKW ê uo sksl`e prcgutvc gk pc puhh, nkcê he prcguzkcol vklol ree gkrle`lol gehhe gc`eoge. K gul cmkltvk prkonkpehk, rkguzkcol glk hct gk prcguzkcol lg lhk`koezkcol glhhl sncrl, k`phkneoc uo ncorchhc ncol`pcreolc suhhl queoá prcgcl, njl glvcoc egeersk ehhl uuezkcok glhhe gc`eoge, l suhhl quehká glhh'cupus, njl glvcoc lsslrl sl`prl prkvk gk gkdlt. Kh sksl`e gk ilscol glk `elrkehk Beomeo rklore re ihk sru`lo gk ilscol svkhuppe olhh'e`mkc glh pkû e`pkc sksl`e gk prcguzkcol FKW. Erevlrsc kh beomeo uo nlorc e vehhl nc`uokne e qulhhc e `col h'lskiloze gk uo gllr`koec nc`pcolol. Kh Beomeo ê uhkzzec plr he ilscol glh prcnlssc prcgutvc ko queoc `lnneoks`c erevlrsc nuk sk etveoc k gkvlrsk nlork gk prcguzkcol ehh‛kolroc glhhc semkhk`loc . Kh beomeo ê hllreh`lol kh nerlhhkoc erevlrsc nuk sk res`lcoc hl kodcr`ezkcok ge uoe sezkcol gk hevcrc ehh‛ehre plr nc`uoknerl h‛uhkzzc gk uo gllr`koec `elrkehl l he olnlsská glh suc rlkolirc. Erevlrsc uo beomeo, nkcê uo nlorc e vehhl nc`uokne e qulhhc e `col h‛lskiloze gk uo gllr`koec nc`pcolol l qukogk h‛lskiloze gk `llrhc ko prcguzkcol. Olh sksl`e beomeo kodet sche`lol he rknjklse e vehhl etve kh nlorc prcgutvc e `col, njl oco prcgunl ko mesl e kpclnjl olnlsská gk prcguzkcol c e pkeok prlglok, `e schc ko mesl e `eokdlsl lskilozl lsprlssl geh nlorc gk hevcrc e vehhl. K gkvlrsk nlork gk hevcrc e `col, rksplc eh `coeiikc oehl, oco glvcoc qukogk ncocsnlrl k pkeok gk prcguzkcol c he slquloze glk prcgct ge `eogerl ko hevcrezkcol pcknjë he hcrc etvká gkplogl uokne`lol gehhe gc`eoge lsplsse erevlrsc k beomeo. Kh sksl`e prlvlgl kooeozkuc he prlsloze gk ehnuok lhl`lo6 5) Gul nlotrk gk prcguzkcol  (uoc e `col l uoc e vehhl)2 =) Ncotloktcrk plr kh rkdcrok`lotc gk gk`loskcok seogerg plr ncorchherl kh ou`lrc gk plzzk resdlrk l plr`llrl eonjl uo ncorchhc vkskvc lg k``lgkec glk ussk2 >) \o beomeo gk prcguzkcol njl eucrkzze kh nlorc e `col e prcgurrl hl per gcpc njl qulsl scoc sel kovkel e vehhl2 7) \o beomeo gk tresdlrk`lotc uhkzzec olh nlorc e vehhl plr eucrkzzerl kh resdlrk`loc glk nc`pcolo prcgct e `col. Geh puoc gk vkse cplrevc6 • E vehhl, e sliukc gk uo ncosu`c, n‛ê uo ncolokcrl vucc nco uo beomeo gk resdlrk`loc. \o konerknec hc prlhlve l hc pcre olhhe zcoe gk scnneiikc glh nlorc e `col2 • Uuk h‛konerknec prlhlve uo nerrlhhc pkloc, senne ko beomeo gk prcguzkcol l `ll qulhhc gk resdlrk`loc2 • Kh nerrlhhc pkloc vklol pcrec e vehhl l queogc k `elrkehk vloicoc `eoge ko prcguzkcol, kh beomeo gk resdlrk`loc vklol sennec l pcsc su uoe resrlhhklre6 queogc sk ê ennu`uhec uo nnlrc ou`lrc gk nerlhhkok, c e kolrvehhk prlsse, h‛konerknec prcvvlgl e derl hc sne`mkc gk nerrlhhk vuc nco nerrlhhk pklok pcs olhh‛erle gk scnneiikc glh nlorc e `col2 • E `col, kh beomeo gk prcguzkcol sennec geh nerrlhhc vucc vklol pcsc su uoe resrlhhklre plr kogknerl he queoá gk `elrkehk ncosu`e e vehhl6 e kolrvehhk prlglok l slncogc h‛crgkol gk uriloze, kh rlperc prcgunl k plzzk ncosu`e l hk `ll ko uo nerrlhhc olh nlorc gk scnneiikc, pcologcvk scpre kh rlhevc beomeo gk prcguzkcol.

 

51.5= He prcire``ezkcol glhhe prcguzkcol Lluel ul hl snlhl rlhevl ehhe prcilezkcol l eh

gk`loskcoe`loc glh sksl`e gk prcguzkcol, prlogl evvkc he vlre l prcprke ilscol glhhe prcguzkcol, njl nc`prlogl ske he prcire``ezkcol glhhe prcguzkcol njl kh ncorchhc glhhe slsse. He prcire``ezkcol glhhe prcguzkcol nc`prlogl, h'koskl`l glhhl prcnlgurl, glhhl kodcr`ezkcok l glihk sru`lo njl vloicoc uhkzzel plr gllr`koerl ncse, queoc, lorc queogc, l nco quehk `cgehká prcgurrl, nco h'cmkltvc gk ct`kzzerl k ussk glhhl rkscrsl ko loree, h'usc glhhl nepenká gkspcokmkhk l k ussk ko usnke glh sksl`e prcgutvc. Wre k gkvlrsk `c`lo glh prcnlssc glnkskcoehl, k prkonkpehk scoc6 • Qrlvkskcol glhhe gc`eoge6 sk prlvlgcoc hl gkspcokmkhká gk ul hl rkscrsl olnlsserkl, nkcê rkscrsl u`eol, `elrkl prk`l, lolrike, ln. ul qulsl prlvkskcok gkplogcoc gehhe prlvkskcol glhhe gc`eoge gk prcgct ok. Hl prlvkskcok e huoic lr`kol (+ gk < eook) l qulhhl e `lgkc lr`kol (ge 5 e > eook) rksuheoc nrknjl plr hl pchknjl gk kovls`loc, `lorl essu`coc rkhlveoze hl prlvkskcok e mrlvl lr`kol (5 eooc) gehhl quehk rel crkikol kh prcnlssc gk prcire``ezkcol. • Qrcire``ezkcol gk huoic plrkcgc 6 kh nuk cmkltvc ê qulhhc gk glokrl uo mugil gk prcguzkcol plr ciok uoká prcgutve. Kh mugil vklol glokc ko mesl> eg uo eril gk deurec njl h'k`prlse sk k`pcol gk reiikuoilrl. Lssc vklol glokc plr de`kihkl gk prcgct c eggkrkure plr pk. • Qrcire``ezkcol eiirliete glhhe prcguzkcol l glokzkcol glh pkeoc prkonkpehl gk prcguzkcol 6 vloicoc glok hl queoá eoouehk c sl`lsrehk plr h'kolrc semkhk`loc. H'cupu prkonkpehl ê kh pkeoc gk prcguzkcol suhhe mesl glh quehl vklol l`lssc uo prcire``e gk uhkzzc glhhe `eocgcplre. • Qrcire``ezkcol cplreve glhhe prcguzkcol gk mrlvl plrkcgc (snjlguhkoi)6 vklol lhemcree e perrl geh pkeoc prkonkpehl gk prcguzkcol l vklol prlnlgue olh nesc gk prcgct nc`phlssk ge uo'eoehksk glk demmksciok gk prcguzkcol. Wehl prcire``ezkcol puý lsslrl slt`eoehl c snloglrl e hkvlhhk gk `kihkcrl gleihkc, oc ehhe ikcroehklre c plr uroc. • Ncotrchhc lg eveoze`lotc gk prcguzkcol6 etvká njl sk nconlore suhh'eoehksk glhhc sec glihk k`pkeo, glhhl queoá prcgcl l glk l`pk prcire``e. Uulsc ncorchhc je h'cmkltvc gk slioeherl eh rlspcosemkhl glhhe supphy njeko lvlouehk eonkpk l rkergk gk prcguzkcol. Olh nesc gk prcguzkcol e scnb lsse ê srle`lol hliee ehhe prlvkskcol glhhe gc`eoge, `lorl olh nesc su nc``lsse sk mese suihk crgkok rknlvu. Wre k ncs gk prcire``ezkcol emmke`c k ncs verkemkhk gk prcguzkcol (`elrkl prk`l, `eocgcplre) , k ncs ssk gk prcguzkcol (e``cre`loc, `eoulozkcol), ncs glh hevcrc srecrgkoerkc, ncs gk sumdcrokure, ncs gk scnbcu, ncs gk `eolok`loc e sncre, ncs gk slup (dlr`c `ennjkoe, plrscoehl). • NEQKWCHC 55 - He gksrkmuzkcol nc``lrnkehl rklore ko nký njl gloke`c slcrl lrzkerkc. H'kogusrkehkzzezkcol olh slcrl glk slrvkzk je `krec eh ncorchhc, ehhe seogergkzzezkcol glhhe quehká l ehhe rkguzkcol glk ncs. H'kolrlssl ehhc sugkc glh sksl`e gksrkmuvc ncosliul ehh'lspeoskcol ncooue glhhl etvká glh slcrl lrzkerkc ske ko lr`kok gk perlnkpezkcol eh rlggkc oezkcoehl ske ko lr`kok gk cnnupeo, esskslogc eg uo pesseiikc gk hevcrecrk geh slcrl prk`erkc eh slncogerkc l sunnlsskve`lol eh lrzkerkc. Olihk uh`k eook sk scoc vlrkne gul dloc`lok glnkse`lol k`pcreo njl jeooc sncssc kh nc`perc gksrkmuvc. Ko prk`ks h'eoge`loc glk ncosu`k, ncosu`k njl jeooc ncocsnkuc uoe desl gk nrlsnke olihk eook ') hl nccplrevl gk ncosu`c (he Nccp) >) hl dcr`l splnkehk, nc`l hl Nesl gk vlogke l hl ezklogl ehkel nco kh Dreonjkskoi. Ehrl dcr`l scoc repprlsloel geh gleihkc oco scrl, nkcê njl oco prcvklol ge uo hucic sknc (vlogke e gkseoze., lhlvlogke, vlogke pcre e pcre). Kool uoe gksozkcol mesee schc suhhe gk`loskcol (suplrnkl gk vlogke), puý lsslrl lluee re pknnchc gleihkc , suggkvksc ko kogkploglol l esscnkec, l ireogl gleihkc, gksoc ko ireogk puo vlogke l ireogk k`prlsl. K sksl`k nc`pulrkzze, kh resdlrk`loc lhlrcoknc glk dcogk l glk ge, k sksl`k lhlrknk gk peie`loc, ncoslococ gk clolrl kodcr`ezkcok prlzkcsl ehhl ezklogl glh ireogl gleihkc, rlhevl eh nhklol (slssc, hevcrc, dlglhá ehhe `erne), njl ncsuksncoc uo geewerljcusl l ncoslococ gk svchilrl ezkcok gk `erbloi eucoc`e rksplc ehhl k`prlsl prcgurknk. Eh ireogl l pknnchc gleihkc sk ê eiikuoe he vlogke erevlrsc kolrol. Wehk vlogkl nc`prlogcoc prc`czkcok l snco vch eg konloverl ihk enquks lg e ncoschkgerl he dlglhá eh gksrkmucrl. K veoeiik veooc geh rksper`kc gk l`pc ehhe rkguzkcol gk prlzzc, uevke ê denkhl k``eikoerl njl uo ncosu`ecrl njl enqukse ge nese ske sciilc e `kocrk loezkcok rksplc eg uo nhklol njl sk eiikre ko uo puoc vlogke. Kh slcrl ehk`loerl se sumlogc uoe loglozkehl ncorezkcol glk puo vlogke, dloc`loc nchhliemkhl ge uo hec ehhe pkû `essknnke nconcrrloze glhhe ireogl gksrkmuzkcol olh slcrl dccg l, gehh'ehrc, nco he sruure prcgutve nuk prlvehl he `lgkc-pknnche gk`loskcol. Oco ê, uevke, sl`prl vlrc njl e `eiikcrk gk`loskcok ncrrkspcogcoc `kocrk prlzzk. Lskscoc, kodet, dcr`l gk gleihkc njl ncoslococ, nc`l hl uokcok vchcoerkl l k iruppk g'enquksc, lncoc`kl gk ncs l nc`plvká suk prlzzk. \o `cglhhc occ nc`l ‘Yjllh cd rlekhkoi‐ ê mesec suh nconlc njl dcr`l oucvl gk vlogke loreoc suh `lrnec nco messk prlzzk, lg uoe vche ncoquksee uoe dle glh `lrnec, hk eu`loeoc. H'lvchuzkcol glh nc``lrnkc eh gleihkc ê see devcrke eonjl gehhe pchkne glhh'esscr`loc plr nuk h'ehherie`loc glhhe ie``e glk prcgct je essknurec uo ussc ncseol glhhe nhklolhe. Ko ehnuok Qelsk sk seooc prc`ucvlogc sksl`k plr drloerl he hcrc gkuskcol, scoc sel glokl khhliehk hl vlogkl sccncsc. Ko Kehke ê see euee he hkole `kokslrkehl njl `kre e seozkcoerl ihk emusk ske suh pkeoc e``koksrevc nc`uoehl ske suh pkeoc glh rksernk`loc glk geook plr nconcrrloze shlehl, oconjë nco prcvvlgk`lo glhh'Eorus plr k nesk gk pummhknká koieoolvchl. Ko ehlroeve ehhl vlogkl sccncsc scoc sel korcgcl hl nerl dlglhá njl crcoc snco hlie eh vehcrl nu`uhec glihk enquks eh ol gk oco koesprkrl k reppcr nco k dcrokcrk njl pcrlmmlrc ncoskglrerl glnhessec kh prcprkc prcgcc. H'cmkltvc ê qulhhc gk uoe ncovkvloze re kh gleihkc regkzkcoehl l IGC, uoe ncovkvloze njl ske sl`prl pkû nc`plve l sl`prl `loc ncokuehl. H'kolrvloc pummhknc ê sec kogkrkzzec e devcrkrl he nc`plvká glh slcrl, erevlrsc uo prcnlssc gk hkmlrehkzzezkcol, njl je rk`cssc uoe slrkl gk glpcsk njl ncsukveoc ehrleol merrklrl g'loree (je lhk`koec kh ]liksrc glihk Lslrnlo kh Nc``lrnkc ]LN). R557/5;;:P \oe uhlrkcrl spkoe ehh'esscnkezkcoks`c puý clolrsk iereologc ek nc``lrnkeo kh plrsliuk`loc gk lncoc`kl nco he ilscol ennloree glihk enquks l glhhl sncrl2 iruppk g'enquksc glnkskvk ko desl gk epprcvvkikcoe`loc, plr rkusnkrl eg clolrl prlzzk kodlrkcrk l/c gkhezkcok gk peie`loc, clologc `eiikcrl nc`plvká rksplc ehhl IGC. Erevlrsc k iruppk g'enquksc hl pknnchl k`prlsl pcsscoc ge uo hec `eololrl he hcrc eucoc`ke l gehh'ehrc icglrl gk uo `eiikcr plsc suk dcrokcrk. Hl nlorehk g'enquksc jeooc rkgcc k nlork glnkskcoehk nc`pcreogc uo rlnuplrc gk lnkloze olhhl rlhezkcok nco k ireogk dcrokcrk. Eonjl kh rkncrsc eh Dreonjkskoi puý lsslrl vehkgc plr hlierl cplrecrk hcnehk eg k`prlsl ko lspeoskcol. H'kolrvloc pummhknc `kre ge uo hec e `eololrl scseozkeh`lol koehlree he rll nc``lrnkehl olk nlork scrknk, l gehh'ehrc eg konloverl h'ksuzkcol, olhhl zcol urmeol, glhhl dcr`l gksrkmuvl `cglrol. E eh prcpcskc ê see

 

`cgknee he gksnkphkoe glihk crerk glk oliczk egliueogche ehhe rliche`loezkcol lskslol olk prkonkpehk Qelsk lurcplk, rloglogche pkû lsskmkhl plr der nckonkglrl hl lskilozl glk nc``lrnkeo nco qulhhl glk ncosu`ecrk. H'uh`c kolrvloc glh Hlikshecrl (=7:/=114) je emchkc h'ksnrkzkcol ek rliksrk emkhkeo c he gk`csrezkcol glk rlquksk prcdlsskcoehk, denlogc sehvl qulhhl kolrlo kh slcrl ehk`loerl l glhhe sc``koksrezkcol gk ehk`lo l mlveogl. Ko nconhuskcol he rkguzkcol gk merrklrl, h'koirlssc gk ireogk crieokzzezkcok lslrl l h'koussc gk glhhl lnochcikl lhlrcoknjl, seooc ehherieogc he nc`plzkcol olh slcrl l ncsuksncoc sgl dcoge`loehk ske plr k gksrkmucrk `e eonjl plr he prcguzkcol. 55.7 K neoehk gk gkstrkmuzkcol Hc sugkc glk neoehk gk gksrkmuzkcol ê meskherl plr he nconlzkcol gk uo

lnklol sksl`e kolirec gk gksrkmuzkcol. Chrl ek ncogkzkcoe`lo njl h'k`prlse sumksnl, suh pkeoc glhh'crkzzcoehl, gek nconcrrlo, lskscoc, suh pkeoc vlrnehl, skuezkcok gk ncokuehká njl sk pcsscoc rkncogurrl ehhl sliulo6 • ncsuzkcol glhhl sncrl l dcr`ezkcol glihk esscr`lo • nconcrrloze olhh'e`mkc glh neoehl gksrkmuvc • nconcrrloze re gklrlo neoehk gksrkmuvk H'k`pcreoze glhhe `kihkcrl ilscol glk neoehk gk gksrkmuzkcol ê ehl njl olhhl ezklogl gk `lgkc-ireogk gk`loskcok sk ê gkuse he duozkcol glh ‘rlspcosemkhl glk neoehk‐ (regl c njeoolhs `eoeilr), njl je kh nc`pkc gk pkeoknerl, nccrgkoerl, vehuerl l ncorchherl hl rlhezkcok ko ehl erle. (ncorchhc glhhl sncrl, ilscol glhh'crgkol, `eiezzkoeiikc, ln). Olhhe desl gksrkmuve k`phkne h'koseurezkcol gk rlhezkcok gk `lgkc-huoic lr`kol nco uoc sne`mkc gk kodcr`ezkcok njl vehcrkzzk he splnkehkzzezkcol l he prcdlsskcoehká gk nkesnuo lhl`locglk glhprcmhl`k neoehl. Olhhe desl gksrkmuve ve nchvec uo epprcnnkc dcogec suhhe ehhe ncoseplvchlzze glhhe nc`uoeoze lg kolrlssk, epperlol`lol ncoreseo, splnkl ko crgkol gllozkcol glhhl sncrl l ehhe dcr`ezkcol glihk esscr`lo. Ge uoe pcskzkcol ncokuehl, k reppcr logcoc eg essu`lrl uo nerelrl nchhemcrevc gk pc eonjl ncoreuehl (dreonjkskoi). Uulse lvchuzkcol se prcgunlogc uo mkheonke`loc glk pclrk ehh'kolroc glh neoehl gksrkmuvc e snepkc glk prcgucrk nco h'elr`ersk glhhe `erne nc``lrnkehl plr k mlok gk heric ncosu`c ehhe quehl glvcoc essciilersk k prcgucrk oco gk `erne rkncocsnkue ko iregc gk vloglrl e ncs messk. Hl dcr`l pkû nc`uok scoc ncsukl gehhl `ernjl gk deoeske (prcgct e messc prlzzc) l gehhe `erne koslioe (prcgcc nco slssc oc`l glhh'k`prlse). K prcgucrk gk `erne, splnkl sl oco hleglr, glvcoc rknlrnerl schuzkcok, njl devcrksneoc hc s`lrnkc gk prcgct e pkû hloc rkikrc, splnkl plr k mlok oco gk heric ncosu`c. Ko ehk nesk sk ree gk nc`mkoerl ko `cgc ct`ehl hl etvká gk `erbloi pcsl geh prcgucrl l geh gksrkmucrl, kh quehl puoe ehhe nrlezkcol gk uo e`mklol nckovchilol l eg ennrlsnlrl he dlglhá glh nhklol. Eonjl hl `ernjl hleglr jeooc gcvuc ercoerl prcmhl`k gk ncsc, gk nc`uoknezkcol l gk kglonezkcol erevlrsc he nrlezkcol gk puo vlogke ehhls ko `cgc ge repprlsloerl h'k``eikol glhhe Nese prcgurknl (k nconlp scrl6 Gksoly, ^wenj, ^coy). 55.7.= K prkonkpehk kotlr`lgkerk glhhe gkstrkmuzkcol \oc glihk lhl`lo njkevl glhhe gksrkmuzkcol `cglroe ê

njl he plrdcr`eonl ezklogehl ê dcrl`lol ncogkzkcoee gehh'lnenke glhhl pchknjl euel geihk kolr`lgkerk glhhe gksrkmuzkcol. • Kh ircsskste6 sk ree gk uo'k`prlse nc``lrnkehl njl sk essu`l eonjl h'colrl gk ilsrl verk slrvkzk re nuk he ilscol gk sncrl l `eiezzkok. He iure regkzkcoehl glh ircsskse ê see `lsse ko nrksk geh dec njl `chl ezklogl gk prcguzkcol gk mlok gk ncosu`c gurlvchl ê gk ksukrl glk glpcsk plr he ncoslioe eh gleihkeol c eh ncosu`ecrl oehl. Nco h'lhk`koezkcol gk ehl iure, puý vlrknersk uo eu`loc glh ncsc ncoolssc sl hl sul duozkcok vloicoc lsliukl ge njk oco ê prcdlsskcoeh`lol l lnokne`lol prlperec. Olhhe rlehá cgklroe sk puý rkhlverl nc`l h‛koircssc emmke plrsc uoe perl ncoskslol glhhe sue prcguzkcol olh sksl`e gksrkmuvc, pur `eolologc uo ruchc gk rkhklvc ko ehuok slcrk pkû pchvlrkzze2 • Kh ireogl gleihkc6 ê repprlsloec prlvehlol`lol gek suplr`lrne l geihk kplr`lrne (IGC). H'eu`loc glhhl gk`loskcok glk puo vlogke, chrl eg evlr `cgknec kh quegrc glh nc``lrnkc olh Qelsl glh ncosu`ecrl, je konksc e sveoeiikc glhh'k`prlse kogusrkehl. H'k`prlse kogusrkehl sk rcve e gcvlr

 

ncoeerl uoc, guc c eh `essk`c rl nc`precrk njl plrý repprlsloeoc he quesk cehká glhhl k`prlsl nc``lrnkehk, vlglogcsk qukogk ncsrle e nconlglrl snco l rkgurrl kh prcprkc `erikol gk prcc. • Kh pknnchc gleihkc6 e neuse glhhe dcrl nconcrrloze glhhe IGC, kh ou`lrc gk qulse nelicrke ê ko nehc. Wehk k`prlsl glloicoc uoe `kocrl verklá gk prcgct eh prcprkc kolroc e prlzzk pkû lhlve, kochrl pcsscoc gllolrl, ko ilolrl uoe rkgce queoá gk sncre, ologc splssc ko scnbcu. Kochrl queoc pkû pknnchk scoc k oliczk, eoc `kocrk scoc hl rkscrsl pcsslgul eh ol gk essknurerl he dcrokure glk slrvkzk esscnke eh prcgcc. 55.7.> Wkpchcikl gk neoehk gkstrkmuvk K neoehk sk gksoiucoc ko duozkcol glhhe huoijlzze glh plrncrsc njl kh

prcgcc nc`pklr plr errkverl eh nhklol oehl. Lskstcoc trl pk gk neoehk 6 • Neoehl huoic6 prlvlgl h'koslrk`loc glhh'koircssc re prcguzkcol l gleihkc, qulsc pc gk neoehl ilolre veoeiik plr h'k`prlse kogusrkehl hlie ek `kocrk ncs gk vlogke l gk respcrc l sveoeiik rlhevk ehhe snerse pcsskmkhká gk koukrl suhhl `cgehká gk nchhcne`loc glh prcgcc olh `lrnec l olhh'k`pcsskmkhká gk ncorchherl kh prlzzc gk vlogke. Wkpknc glk slcrk glhhe neonlhhlrke, ctne, ehk`loerl l lnochcike. • Neoehl ncrtc6 prlvlgl h'koslrk`loc schc glh gleihkc, qulsc pc gk neoehl ilolre veoeiik plr h'k`prlse kogusrkehl hlie ehhl `eiikcrk kodcr`ezkcok suh `lrnec l sveoeiik rlhevk eh gcvlrsk der nerknc glhhl splsl gk ilscol glhhl sncrl l gk ul hl konc`mlozl glrkveo gehhl reosezkcok. Wkpknc glk slcrk glhh'ehe `cge, ikcklhhlrke l ncs`lsk. Neoehl gkrlc6 prlvlgl uo ncoec gkrlc re prcgucrl l ncosu`ecrl, `lgkeol uoe rll gk •gksrkmuzkcol prcprke. ^k ree glhhe schuzkcol pkû ncscse plr h'k`prlse kogusrkehl l vklol uhkzzee scpreuc plr he gksrkmuzkcol gk mlok sru`loehk l gk prcgct njl olnlsskeoc gk essksloze pcs-vlogke. Wkpknc glh pcre e pcre, lhl`erbloi, lhlvlogkl. 55.7.7 Kh netlicry `eoeil`lot Olihk uh`k eook sk ê k`pcse he iure ‘ netlicry `eoei`lot‐, nkcê qulh

prcnlssc gksrkmucrl/dcrokcrl vchc ehhe ilscol glhhl nelicrkl nc`l uoká gk muskolss sreliknjl. Qlr nelicrkl sk de rkdlrk`loc e uo iruppc gk prcgct/ slrvkzk gksoc l ilsmkhl, njl kh ncosu`ecrl plrnlpksnl nc`l uo koskl`l uoknc. He ilscol glhhe skoiche nelicrke ve vkse ko rlhezkcol nco qulhhe glhhl ehrl eh ol gk ct`kzzerl he plrdcr`eonl glh puoc gk vlogke. Ko perncherl kh netlicry `eoei`lot gcvrá prcnlglrl plr desk njl nc`prlogcoc ehnuok prcnlssk njkevk quehk he glokzkcol l h'eoehksk glhhl nelicrkl, he glokzkcol glihk cmkltvk, he glokzkcol glhhl etnjl l kh ncorchhc glk rksuhe. 55.< K reppcr kogustrke-gkstrkmuzkcol l h‛LN] (Lnlot Ncosu`lr ]lspcosl) H'eucoc`ke glhhl k`prlsl

glhhe ireogl gksrkmuzkcol olhhe dcr`ezkcol glhh'esscr`loc l glk prlzzk gk vlogke, konkgl suk reppcr nco k prcgucrk. ^l kh `lnneoks`c duozkcoe, kh gksrkmucrl spuoe ncogkzkcok pkû devcrlvchk njl resdlrksncoc rklssk pcskvk plr kh ncosu`ecrl. Kh rkncrsc eh nc``lrnkc lhlrcoknc l ehh'cuhl, csske e sruurl ko nuk k prcgucrk vlogcoc gkrle`lol nco dcr snco, prcgct nco quehnjl eoc`ehke c k`plrdlzkcol, ncsuksncoc sru`lo gk prlsloze gkrle glhh'kogusrke olh loevc gk rkgurrl k ncogkzkcoe`lo glhhe gksrkmuzkcol. Eonjl ko Kehke, ê sec heonkec kh prcilc LN] olh 5;;> oehkzzec eg uoe rezkcoehkzzezkcol glhhe supphy njeko, prlvehlol`lol plr k prcgct gk ncosu`c ncodlzkcoe. He desl lvchuve pkû rlnlol je ennlhhlrec k prcirlssk ko lr`kok gk usc glhhe ncgkne glh ncgknl e merrl ko nchhemcrezkcol nco h'KOGKNCG (Ksuc nlorehl glk ncgknk e merrl). 55.) Ncodlzkcoe`loc l k`mehhc 7) @eiezzkoeiikc He duozkcol glk glpcsk He duozkcol glh ncsc ncoskglre k ncs ssk nchhlie ehh'euezkcol gk uo

sksl`e gk `eiezzkok, ncs gk resdlrk`loc glhhl `lrnk l k ncs gk `eolok`loc glhhl sncrl. H'eoehksk glh ncsc dcroksnl uoe mesl plr kglonerl queo glpcsk gcvrlmmlrc lsslrl ksuk ko uoe perncherl erle gk `lrnec. Ko ilolrl, plr he hcnehkzzezkcol glk glpcsk sk uhkzzeoc splssc `cglhhk gk sk`uhezkcol, gk nuk uoe glhhl dcr`l pkû sl`phknk ê h'ehicrk`c glk respcr. H'ksuzkcol glk glpcsk oco schc glvl plr`llrl h'ennu`uhc glhhl sncrl `e eonjl hl `eokpchezkcok gk nuk olnlsskeoc k prcgct. ^k puý kogkvkguerl uoe njkere rlhezkcol re `cvk`loezkcol l scnneiikc, vksc njl he `eiikcrl lnkloze glhhe prk`e ncoslol gk rkgurrl l`pc l spezkc ge nconlglrl eh slncogc. He ncsuzkcol gk nlork gk gksrkmuzkcol (NLGK), dcroksncoc uo konlovc e nconlorerl ko uoc c pcnjk glpcsk hl sncrl, uoe sruure nlorehkzzee njl esslncoge he hcikne glh ussc lsc ehhe mesl glhhe prcguzkcol solhhe. ^k scoc gkusl pkeedcr`l, kgcoll eh reoskc l ehhe rksplgkzkcol pkû njl ehhc scnneiikc. Olh nesc gk prcguzkcol e scnb, sk prcplogl plr uoe rll gk glpcsk gk pc re`knec e pkû hkvlhhk, nco egliuel sncrl gk prcgcc okc pkû vknkol eh nhklol, uoe schuzkcol pkû ncscse `e ncoslol uo `kihkcr hkvlhhc gk slrvkzkc. Olhhl nesc gk prcguzkcol su nc``lsse , sk llueoc ul hl splgkzkcok gkrle`lol eh nhklol, nco `cgehktá gkrle c ircupeil . Kogkploglol`lol gehhe snlhe, k `eiezzkok l k respcr pcsscoc lsslrl ils gehh'ezkloge slsse c ge uo cplrecrl lslroc. Uuls'uh`e schuzkcol ê veoeiikcse lncoc`kne`lol ko queoc ncoslol gk resdcr`erl k ncs ssk ko verkemkhk, kochrl ê prldlrkmkhl egerl ehl etvká eg lsplr glh slcrl. He rlehá crl verkl schuzkcok kolr`lgkl njl ncol`pheoc he prlsloze gk glpcsk eh prk`c hkvlhhc (rlikcoehl) l slncogc hkvlhhc (prcvkonkehk), kolire nco nlork gk gksrkmuzkcol, `eiezzkok ilolrehk, ircssks ln. \oe vche vehuee h'cppcruoká gk ksukrl uoe rll gk glpcsk plrkdlrknk, sk pcol kh prcmhl`e sl hc scnb gk sknurlzze glvl lsslrl gllouc prlvehlol`lol geh `eiezzkoc nlorehl c gk glnlorerl. Eonjl he gkshcnezkcol kolroe gk uo `eiezzkoc je uo k`pec skioknevc ko lr`kok ske gk nepenká gk `cvk`loezkcol ske gk uhkzzezkcol glihk spezk. Kh pc gk erlzzeure kouloze k `lcgk gk sksl`ezkcol glhhl sncrl. Kh `kihkcr sksl`e gkplogl6 - gehhl nerelrksnjl glk prcgct ge `cvk`loerl2 - gehhe suplrnkl glh glpcskc2 - hl queoá plr ciok vcnl l he rcezkcol glihk ernchk. Kh `eiezzkoc euc`enc nc`pcre h'k`pklic gk rcmc l scwerl `chc scsnec. K veoeiik, ko qulsc nesc, nc`konkeoc e nconrlzzersk schc sl sk reiikuoil uo gllr`koec hkvlhhc cplrezkcok, ko `eoklre ehl ge mkheonkerl ihkske lhlve kovls`lo nco he rkguzkcol glk ncs glh hevcrc,gk`kihkcr sdrue`loc glhhc spezkc ko lr`kok gk scnneiikc njl gk `cvk`loezkcol. 5=.55 H‛k`mehheiikc Kh rlqukskc dcoge`loehl gk uo k`mehheiikc, slncogc h'ctne glhhe hciksne, ê njl lssc

ncosloe he `essk`e prclzkcol glh mlol olhhe `eokpchezkcol l olhhc scnneiikc. Kh `erbloi ncoskglre h'k`mehheiikc geh puoc gk vkse glh vehcrl prc`czkcoehl l gk prlsloezkcol glh prcgcc. @ue`lo skioknevk plr queoc rkiuerge h'k`mehheiikc, je vksc h'korcguzkcol glhhe pehhltzzezkcol l ncoekolrkzzezkcol, chrl njl h'k`pklic glhhl `elrkl phesnjl, njl prlsloeoc kh prcmhl`e rlhevc ehh'e`mklol. Wehl koncovloklol je dec sk njl sk svkhuppessl he Hciksne gk rkcroc, nco h'cmkltvc gk rlnuplrerl vehcrl gehhc s`eh`loc glk prcgct cmschl. Ko ehl slcrl ê k`pcreol rksplerl hl ocr`l suhh'lnjleure l suh rlhevc ncolouc kodcr`evc. \o ehrc esplc ge lse`koerl, rkiuerge he snlhe re kh ncodlzkcoe`loc ko demmrkne c prlssc kh glpcskc. ^k prcploglrá plr he slncoge schuzkcol, queogc he splgkzkcol sloze k`mehhc ncosloe uo `kocr ncsc glhhl cplrezkcok gk nerknc l gk snerknc. K gllrkcre`lo glh prcgcc l hl nerelrksnjl glh prcnlssc prcgutvc pcreooc gllr`koerl h'cpzkcol plr he prk`e schuzkcol. H'k`pklic glihk elrlk l glk ncoekolr ncoslol gk uhkzzerl k`mehheiik `loc ncscsk plr he `kocr konkgloze glk rksnjk gk geooliike`loc, rksplc eh respcrc `erkt`c.

 

5=.5= He pchkne glk trespcr He duozkcol glh respcrc olh prcnlssc gksrkmuvc ncsuksnl kogummke`lol

kh ounhlc nlorehl. He gkspcokmkhká gk `lzzk gk respcrc egliue, e ncs scppcremkhk, kouksnl suhhe glnkskcol gk quehk erll ilcirenjl gk `lrnec slrvkrl. He logloze ehhe rkguzkcol glhhl sncrl esslioe eh respcrc uo ruchc gk `eiezzkoc vkeiikeol njl lvk he scse olk glpcsk. K sksl`k gk respcrc sk nc`phleoc, dcr`eogc uo sksl`e kolr`cgehl. Tk scoc k n.g. Jum (gk 5± l =± hkvlhhc)  ko nuk sk nconloreoc k renk glhhl `lrnk l ge nuk percoc hl ncosliol plrkdlrknjl. H'cmkltvc ê `kok`kzzerl kh ncsc gk resdlrk`loc glk mlok, kogkvkgueogc he `kihkcrl nc`mkoezkcol glk `lzzk gk respcrc. K `lzzk gk trespcrtc scoc6 - `lzzk su ic``e „ rlok „ oevk ge ncoekolr „ sksl`k kolr`cgehk (nessl `cmkhk) l he snlhe vklol lluee ko duozkcol glk eril gk l`pc, glhh'egemkhká glhhl ncosliol l glk ncs njl sk vcihkcoc scslolrl. H'lhk`koezkcol glk ncorchhk gcieoehk jeooc ennlouec he nconcrrloze nco skioknevl rkguzkcok gk ncs l l`pk. \o'uhlrkcrl snlhe rkiuerge he prlgkspcskzkcol gk uo pernc gk `lzzk prcprk c gk lrzk. Qlr lluerl ehl snlhe mkscioe vehuerl hl nerelrksnjl glh prcgcc, eg lsl`pkc uo prcgucrl gk mlok e nknhc gk vke mrlvl, plr kh quehl ihk kovls`lo gurlvchk pcsscoc rkvlhersk eolncoc`knk, sk eglrá e glpcsk ko hcnezkcol l `lzzk gk respcrc gk lrzk. Kochrl glvl lsslrl prlsc ko ncoskglrezkcol kh hkvlhhc gk slrvkzkc `kok`c rknjklsc, ko ehl ctne h'cuscurnkoi vlrsc ireogk cplrecrk splnkehkzze, nco nuk sk koseure uoe vlre l prcprke perolrsjkp, sk ê gkuse nco rksuhe pcskvk, splnkl nco rkdlrk`loc ek @WC njl gkspcoicoc gk rkscrsl l nc`pllozl e hkvlhhc kolroezkcoehl.