Schneider PPT - Autorecloser _ Sectionalizer (1)

ISGF Technology Session

Improving System Reliability through Automating Rural Feeders and Substations

Amit Sharma 27th April 2012

Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers

Amit Sharma 24th Nov 2011

Overhead Faults

● 60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature:

• Conductors clashing in the wind • Tree branches falling on overhead conductors • Animals or birds getting curious • Lightning strikes  An “auto-reclose” cycle should clear the fault

• Some are more permanent: • Careless motor vehicle drivers • Operating error : leaving earths connected etc  “lock out” of the section

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What is a Recloser ? ● A Recloser is a protection device: ● For overhead power lines ● It is a circuit breaker with more arduous test & install conditions ● Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault.

● Terminology ● The “auto-reclose” cycle ●Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time, before closing again automatically ●This cycle can be repeated 3 times ●Lockout typically on the fourth trip

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What is a Sectionaliser ? ● A Sectionaliser is a switch: ● It is used in conjunction with an upstream “recloser” or “circuit breaker” ● It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence. ● On a preset count ●trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser ●Isolates a faulty network section

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Benefit to the Customer ● Improved reliability of power supply ● Quality of supply ● Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults

● Reduced outage time ● Minimise revenue loss

● Event Log and Remote control ● Reduce cost of fault finding ● Better knowledge of the network

● Reduction in the number of customer complaints

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MV NETWORK MANAGEMENT

- why improve MV distribution?

●

To obtain the best possible power quality The main issue is to reduce outage time and cost to the utility and its customers

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- how can outage time be reduced? ● By improving MV networks:

● By improving the MV networks management:

 Large number of short sections

 With Fault Passage Indicators (FPI’s)

 Redundant networks

 Or with remote controlled load break switches

 Reliable components…

 Or with fully automated reclosers and sectionalizers

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- different types of devices

R

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R2

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- overhead networks: types of faults ● Temporary faults

80%

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● Permanent faults

20%

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- temporary faults

● Temporary faults can be cleared by the use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers (ACRs)

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- temporary fault: one recloser

R

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- temporary fault: one recloser O

15 s

C

R

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser O

15 s

15 s

C

R

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser O

15 s

15 s

C

R

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser O

15 s

15 s

15 s

C

R

100%

Time

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- temporary fault: one recloser O

15 s

15 s

15 s

C

R

100%

Time 2 mn Schneider Electric - Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW

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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers

R1

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R2

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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers

R1 Network A50%

R2

Network B50%

Network B

Time

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- permanent faults

Permanent faults cannot be cleared by automatic reclosing

To manage “permanent faults”, the best solution is to add some “sectionalizers”

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- case 1: no network automation Permanent fault

R

100%

5H – 6H

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- case 1: no network automation Permanent fault

R

100%

95%

5H – 6H

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- case 2: addition of non-communicating fault passage indicators (FPI) An FPI for each branch of the network

R

Add an FPI around each major «obstacle»…

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- case 3: addition of communicating FPIs

R

Put several communicating FPIs in strategic locations

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- case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote controlled load break switches

T

T

R T

T

T

remote controlled load break switches Communicating FPI

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches

R

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Sectionaliser load break switches are always associated with a recloser or circuit breaker:

● S1 = opens after ONE reclosing operation ● S2 = opens after TWO reclosing operations ● S3 = opens after THREE reclosing operations ● S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing operations

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault

S3

R

S4

S3

1

1

1

S2

S2 S1

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches

Permanent fault

S3

R

S4

S3

2

2

2

S2

S2 S1

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches

Permanent fault

S3

R

S4

S3

2

2

2

S2

S2 S1

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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches

Permanent fault

S3 S4

R

S3

S2

S2 S1

95 %

75 %

2’

60’

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- summary of overhead networks 1/2 Permanent fault 95%

Case 1 A recloser 6h 95%

Case 2

A recloser + FPIs 3h 95%

Case 3 A recloser + FPI with Com 1h30

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- summary of overhead networks 2/2 Permanent fault 95%

Case 4: A recloser,

70 %

remote controlled switches and FPI with Com

10 ’

1 h 95%

Case 5

75 %

A recloser and sectionalizers 2’

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1 h

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SAIDI/SAIFI variations – Quality Power ● SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a few minutes to several hours, ● SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from 1 to 10 and more, depending on : ● population density (rural or urban area) ● proportion between underground and overhead distribution ● maximum accepted costs for non distributed energy

Urban area Rural area

Excellent

Average

< 10 mn

30 mn

< 30 mn

2 hrs

Poor >2 hrs

>10 hrs

Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn) Schneider Electric - Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW

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33/11 KV Unmanned Remote Controlled S/s

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Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with 2 transformers each up to 10 MVA. ● Half space than a conventional s/s. ● Economic as very less civil work. ● Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app. ● Remote regular maintenance. ● CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment. ● All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement KW,KWH,KVArH, data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility helps to analyze the system and energy consumption. ● Delivers quality power. ● Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical alarms. ● Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA. ● Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city. Schneider Electric - Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW

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33/11 KV unmanned Remote controlled s/s within 25Mx15M space

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33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Transformers.

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33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati with 2x5MVA Trfr.

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Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP

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Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)

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Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)

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Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.

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Architecture – GPRS Control Center Remote Access to maintenance staff

14 ” LCD

14 ” LCD

ADSL Line

M2M Gateway

ADSL Line

GPRS Cloud Substation # 1

Future Substations (up to 30 nos.)

1

2

3

4

Br eake r C ontrol C ubic le

Br eake r C ontrol C ubic le

Br eake r C ontrol C ubic le

Br eake r C ontrol C ubic le

Br eake r C ontrol C ubic le

RS 23 2 or Ethernet Port

RS 23 2 Nule c D ir ect Protoc ol

RS 23 2 Nule c D ir ect Protoc ol

RS 23 2 Nule c D ir ect Protoc ol

RS 23 2 Nule c D ir ect Protoc ol

n

Rs232 to Ethernet Converters (If required)

Ethernet Switch SEPAM T-87

Ethernet Switch

Leased Line

Energy Meters

CAT 5

CAT 5

Leased Line

RS 485 (Modbus) Twisted Pair Cu

GPRS Router GPRS Router

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Architecture – ASEB (Judge’s Field S/S) SMS or 3rd party SCADA

WSOS

Protocol Gateway Two way with Dynamic IPs Service provider independent VPN Data encryption Leased Line with Static IP Firewall Scalable to any third party SCADA

Nulec Direct

TCP/Modbus

GPRS M2M Gateway VPN Tunnel

GPRS

(DHBVN’s Scope)

VPN Tunnel using Remote Moblie VPN

Judge’s Field S/S

Judge’s Field S/S

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33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application

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33KV substation and feeder breaker

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33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer

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33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)

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33KV Pole Mounted Breaker protecting a 10 MVA 33/11 KV Transformer

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Make the most of your energy™

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Thank You!!

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