Schmidt - La Comunicación Literaria

 

P`fdjht, Pjmkgrjmh C. (¼). ―Eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo— ma Woa Hjcn, Hldäakumz @oporrðs, Eïzorl @orrmtmr mt oe. Yrokdïtj`o oe. Yrokdïtj`o hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo ejtmrorjo.. Or`l.

(Gltl`lpjo ortä`uel Eouro) Mstm ortä`uel, dïs qum poro hjstjakujr hm quê sm troto eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo hmshm eo pmrspm`tjvo prokdïtj`l als smrvjrï ma msto l`osjða poro hjstjakujr me hjs`ursl hm eos outlplêtj`os hme hjs`ursl ejtmrorjl y fo`mr uao hjstja`jða matrm eos outlplêtj`os qum sm jasmrtoa ma eos lbros ejtmrorjos hm eos qum pmrdoam`ma gumro. Pmrvjr Pmr vjrï, ï, matla` matla`ms, ms, eo rmkeo rmkeo G poro poro ogjrdo ogjrdorr qum els tmxtls tmxtls masoyä masoyästj stj`ls `ls al sla gj``j gj``jla laoe oems ms ma me smatj smatjhl hl ms mstrj trj`t `tl l hm hmee têrd têrdja jal, l, pu pums ms `l `las asmr mrvo voa a `j `jmrt mrtl l kr kroh ohl l hm rmgmrma`joejh rmgmrma `joejhoh oh `la eo rmoejhoh mxtmrjlr oe tmxtl. tmxtl. Pj bjma foy `lastru``jð `lastru``jða a ma meels pums mstïa `lastjtujhls hm emakuocm (y tlhl emakuocm jdpej`o dmhjo`jða), al plhmdls ogjrdor  qum smoa gj``jlaoems. Me `osl ms sjdjeor oe hme hjs`ursl fjstðrj`l.

Jatrlhu`m uao oetmraotjvo o els mstuhjls hm eo gjelslgäo fmrdmaêutj`o slbrm els tmxtls tmx tls ejtmror ejtmrorjls jls,, `lastr `lastruym uymah ahl l el qum êe hmaldj hmaldjao ao ― Xml Xmlräo räo hm eo `lduaj` `lduaj`o`jð o`jða a ejtmrorjo — (?:;), eo `uoe sm `oro`tmrjzo plr trms `rjtmrjls3 - Ms u ao ao tml tmlräo qum sm rm rmgjmrm oe `la `lacua cuatl tl hme hldjaj hldjajl l hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo. -

Xjma Xjmamm u ua a lbcm lbcmtj tjvl vl mdpä mdpärj rj`l `l.. Pm lrjma lrjmato to smkóa smkóa els `rjtmrj `rjtmrjls ls hm `jma `jmatj tjgj` gj`jh jhoh oh y smkóa smkóa me `la`m `la`mpt ptl l hm tmlräo tmlräo vjkmatms ma eo tmlräo oaoeätj`o hm eo `jma`jo (ma eo vorjoatm hm PtmkdõeemrPammh). (?:6).

P`fd P`fdjh jhtt `l `las asjh jhmr mro, o, ma pr prjd jdmr mr eu euko kor, r, o eo sl`jmhoh  ―`ldl ua sjstmdo `ldpemcl hm sjstmdos hm `lduaj`o`jða qum pumhma hjstakujrsm uals hm ltrls smkóa eo mstru`turo y eo gua`jða hm els prl`msls hm `lduaj`o`jða qum ma meels sm hmsorrleeoa— (?:6)3 -

Mstru` Mstru`tur turoo y gua`jð gua`jða a mstïa mstïa jastjt jastjtu`j u`jlao laoejzo ejzohos hos smkóa smkóa eo eo mvleu` mvleu`jða jða fjst fjstðrj ðrj`o `o hm `oho sl`jmhoh y mstobjejzohos dmhjoatm rmkeos y `lavma`jlams (peoal ao`jlaoe m jatmrao`jlaoe). - Pj Pjst stmd mdos os qum qum pumh pumhma ma `eos `eosjg jgj` j`or orsm sm fmur fmuräs ästj tj`o `odm dmat atmm (subsjstmdos)3 ple pleätj ätj`o, `o, `ueturo, m`laldäo, `jma`jo, mt`. - Pubsjstm stmdos qum pumhma smr subhjvjhls ma hldjajls3 eo `ueturo ma eo mhu`o`jða, eo `ueturo ma eo rmejkjða, mt`. - Hldjajls qum pumhma subhjvjhjrsm ma sjstmdo-memdmatls 3 ortm   ortms  peïstj`os, ejtmroturo, dósj`o, mt`. (?:6-?::). Els sjstmdos pumhma rm`lastrujrsm bocl eo glrdo hm cmrorquäos lrhmaohos hm prmhj`ohls y rmeo`jl rmeo`jlams ams,, portjm portjmahl ahl hme fm`fl fm`fl hm qum els hjgmrm hjgmrmatm atmss sjstmdo sjstmdoss tjmama tjmama memdma memdmatls tls `lduams (?::). Yrjdmro `eosjgj`o`jða  hms`rjptjvo3 -  Yrlhu`tlrms  Yrlhu`tlrms hm  hm lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo3 pmrslaos l krupls hm  pmrslaos qum prlhu`ma tmxtls l eemvoa o `obl o``jlams o``jlams qum pmrtmam`ma oe hldjajl hm eo `lduaj`o`jða mstêtj`o (smkóa `lavma`jlams). (?::)

 

-  Jatmrdmhjorjls hm  Jatmrdmhjorjls hm els lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo3 pmrslaos o eos qum sm ems prlplama mstls lbcmtls y els cuzkoa, troasdjtma, duetjpej`oa, hjguahma, `ldmr`joejzoa, els hm`eoroa `ldl portm hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo. (?::) -  Rm`mptlrms  Rm`mptlrms hm  hm els lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo3 pmrslaos qum rm`jbma `ldl lbcmtl hm `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo el qum sm ems prmsmato `ldl toe plr  prlhu`tlrms m jatmrdmhjorjls l plr jaj`jotjvo prlpjo (?::-299). -  Okmatms hm troasglrdo`jða hm troasglrdo`jða hm els lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo3 qujmams hm`eoroa `ldl ejtmrorjls els lbcmtls. @lacuatl hm o`tls eemvohls o `obl plr mstls o`tlrms + mstohls hm `lsos + lbcmtls qum hmrjvoa hmrjv oa hm hm meels meels 4 ―`lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo—  hldjajl hm javmstjko`jða hm eo Xmlräo hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo. ?. @la`mptl hm `lduaj`o`jða3 ―troasdjsjða hm jaglrdo`jlams plr dmhjl hm lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða ma sjtuo`jlams hm `lduaj`o`jða matrm portj`jpoatms hm `lduaj`o`jða— (299 (299). ). Pmkó Pmkóa a mstm mstm `l `la` a`mp mptl tl,, sm pu pumh mhma ma su subs bsud udjr jr el elss 8 hl hldj djaj ajls ls po por` r`jo joems ems hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo bocl mstm puatl hm vjsto3 Outlrms hm els tmxtls  ms`rjbma poro ua póbej`l  qujmrma portj`jpor oekl o oekujma Jatmrdmhjorjls  y okmatms  mcmr`ma su gua`jða sj `lduaj`oa `lduaj`oa `la ltrls o prlpðsjtl prlpðsjtl hm els tmxtls ejtmrorjls. Rm`mptlr   `lastruym uao rmeo`jða hm `lduaj`o`jða `la me tmxtl3 el o`mpto `ldl gumatm hm jaglrdo`jlams/mdjslr. (299).

2. @lduaj`o`jða `ldl `lacuatl hm o`tls sl`joems rmoejzohls slbrm eo bosm hm msqumdos hm o`tls plr dmhjo`jða hm ua `ðhjkl ohdjtjhl plr els portj`jpoatms. Xmlräo Xml räo hm eo `lduaj `lduaj`o`j `o`jða ða ejtmror ejtmrorjo jo   sm l`uporï hm ―eos `lahj`jlams, mstru`turos, gua`jlams y `lasm`uma`jos hm els o`tls qum sm `la`matroa ma els tmxtls ejtmrorjls— (29?). Yrl`msls Yrl`ms ls hm eo `lduaj`o`jða `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo  ―tjmama plr lbcmtl tmdïtj`l eo rmeo`jla matrm els tmxtls ejtmrorjls y sus `latmxtls— (29?). Xmlräo hm eo `lduaj`o`jða `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo3 ejtmrorjo3 ―tmlräo hm els o`tls hm `lduaj`o`jða `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo y hm els lbcmtls lbcmtls,, mstohl mstohl hm `lsos, `lsos, prmsup prmsuplsj lsj`jla `jlams ms y `lasm`u `lasm`uma` ma`jos jos qum qum tjmama tjmama jdplrtoa`jo poro mso `lduaj`o`jða— (29?).  Yuatl hm vjsto glrdoe 3 oaïejsjs hm eo rmeo`jða tmxtl (tmxtl ejtmrorjl) ‐ `latmxtl (jag (jaglr lrdo do`j `jla lams ms hm eos qu qumm hjsp hjspla lamm me ja javm vmst stjk jkoh ohlr lr l ja jagl glrd rdo` o`jl jlam amss `u `uto toss rmeo`jlams `la me tmxtl sla jatmrmsoatms) (29?).

Yrm`jsjlams ma tlral oe `la`mptl hm ―el ejtmrorjl— P`fdjht `lasjhmro qum fosto me dldmatl `orm`mdls hm uao hmgjaj`jða hm mstm `la`mptl. Mstl sm hmbm, smkóa êe, o qum eos osmr`jlams hm eos mstêtj`os y plêtj`os mxjstmatms al foa  plhjhl sus`jtor `lasmasl oe rmspm`tl l prmsmator orkudmatls `lasjstmatms (29?). ―Me mstuhjl hm toems mstêtj`os y plêtj`os, bjma ms `jmrtl, eemvo o `ldprmahmr qum eos  plêtj`os fjstðrj`os sla eo glrdueo`jða hm eo `las`jma`jo qum sm tjmam hme hldjajl hm eo `lduaj `ld uaj`o`j `o`jða ða ejtmro ejtmrorjo rjo ma uao sl`jmh sl`jmhoh— oh— (29?). (29?). Ltro Ltro hmgjaj hmgjaj`jð `jða a hm plêtj` plêtj`o. o. ―Msto ―Msto

`las`jma`jo póbej`o sm rmgjmrm o el qum hmbm su`mhmr poro qum o ua lbcmtl l o ua mstohl hm `lsos sm em otrjbuyo me prmhj`ohl iV ms ejtmrorjl¸— (29?-292), ms hm`jr, `rjtmrjls,

 

alrdos, mxpm`totjvos… Oquä P`fjdjht rmtldo me smatjhl hm plêtj`o hm Xlhlrlv, pums sm rmgjm rmgjmrm rm o eo ejtmrorjmhoh  (dma`jlao   (dma`jlao mstm têrdjal ma eo pïkjao 290 y smrï me lbcmtl hm hmgjaj`jða). Me outlr prlplam uao ―dlhmsto sleu`jða prokdïtj`o— y hmgjam el ejtmrorjl `ldl ―el qum els portj`jpoatms portj`jpoatms hm eo `lduaj`o`j `lduaj`o`jða ða jdpej`ohls jdpej`ohls ma prl`msls prl`msls hm `lduaj`o`jða `lduaj`o`jða o trovês hm tmxtls tjmama plr ejtmrorjl slbrm eo bosm hm eos alrdos plêtj`os vïejhos poro meels ma uao sjtuo`jða hm `lduaj`o`jða hoho— (292).

Eo rmkeo G `ldl prjdmr `rjtmrjl hm hmejdjto`jða hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo

Xormo poro hmgjajr eo ejtmrorjmhoh  ma`latror `rjtmrjlr poro hmejdjtor me sjstmdomemdmatl qum `lastjtuym eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo (290)  Mspm`jgj`jhoh hm eo `lduaj`o`jða3 RMKEO G. ―Eo rmkeo G mstjpueo qum3 poro tlhls els portj`jpoatms ma eo `lduaj`o`jða mstêtj`o rjkm eo jastru``jða hm o`tuor tmahmatm o lbtmamr hm meels qum hm matroho al cuzkuma els lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða jatmrprmtobems rmgmrma`joedmatm l sus `lastjtuymatms smkóa `rjtmrjls hm vmrhoh `ldl vmrhohmrl/ vmrhohmrl/goesl. goesl. Eo vmrhoh l goesmhoh goesmhoh hm uao rmgmrma`jo rmgmrma`jo sm djhm smkóa eo rmeo`jða hm els rmgmrmatms `la eo rmoejhoh qum els portj`jpoatms hm eo `lduaj`o`jða o`mptoa, ma ua dldmatl hmtmrdjaohl, sl`joedmatm vïejho. Ylr me `latrorjl, ma eukor hm `rjtmrjls hm vmrhoh, qum qumhoa suspmahjhls qumhoa  suspmahjhls (¡y al tltoedmatm jkalrohls!), ms prm`jsl fo`mr jatmrvmajr ltrls `rjtmrjls rmspm`tl o eo plsj`jða tldoho grmatm o, y me cuj`jl mdjtjhl slbrm, slb rm, lbc lbcmtl mtlss hm `lduaj `lduaj`o`j `o`jða ða prjdor prjdorjls jls tmajhl tmajhlss pl plrr mstêtj mstêtj`ls `ls ma me dor`l dor`l hm eo `l `la` a`mp mp`j `jða ða hme hme or ortm tm vjkm vjkmat atms ms ma ms msmm dldm dldmat atl l l qu qumm el elss ja jatm tmre rel` l`ut utlr lrms ms hm eo `lduaj`o`jða o`mptoa jdpeä`jtodmatm— (290).  Els

popmems sm foa vumetl gj`tjvls, gj`tjvjzohls gj`tjvls,  gj`tjvjzohls..

―Me prlhu`tlr hm lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða mstêtj`o igj`tjvjzo¸ su popme dmhjoatm uao smporo`jða `las`jmatm hm eos jastoa`jos ipmrslao rmoe¸ y ipopme ohoptohl¸— (290). Mstoo gj`tjv Mst gj`tjvjzo` jzo`jða jða hmam smr rm`lal` rm`lal`jho jho plr me rm`mptl rm`mptlr> r> poro poro mee meel, l, me prlhu` prlhu`tlr tlr ho jastru``jla jastru ``jlams ms mxpeä`jtos mxpeä`jtos ma me tmxtl l eo sjtuo`jða sjtuo`jða hm `lduaj`o`jða `lduaj`o`jða.. Ohmdïs, Ohmdïs, `latodls `latodls todbjêa `la ua rm`mptlr gj`tjvjzohl, l bjma plrqum me rm`mptlr o`mpto matror ma me popme gj`tjvjzohl prmvjstl plr me prlhu`tlr l plrqum prlvl`o plr su `umato uao gj`tjvjzo`jða hm su popme (298). ―Eo rmkeo G hmbm smr lbsmrvoho plr tlhls els portj`jpoatms ma eo `lduaj`o`jða mstêtj`o sj qujmrma tldor portm hm uao doamro ohm`uoho ma eo `lduaj`o`jða mstêtj`o— (sm oprmahm kroedmatm ma me prl`msl hm sl`joejzo`jða y eo lbsmrvoa `las`jmatmdmatm) (298). JDYLRXOAXM3 ―Msto fjpðtmsjs mx`euym ma mgm`tl tlhls els tmxtls qum, sj bjma utjejzoa tê`aj`os qum  posoa plr ―ejtmrorjos— smkóa eo plêtj`o vjkmatm ma msm dldmatl (plr mcmdpel3 vmrsl, dmtïglro, rjdo, mt`), smkóa eo jatma`jða hme prlhu`tlr l eo mxpm`totjvo hm els rm`mptlrms,  pmrsjkuma gjams `uyo gua`jða prokdïtj`o pumhm smr gjcoho sja odbjkõmhoh (plr mcmdpel3 hor `eosms, sus`jtor uao dmclro dlroe, fo`mr prlpokoaho pleätj`o, mt`)— (298).

Eos outlplêtj`os outlplêtj`os matroräoa matroräoa ma mso msgmro mx`eujho, mx`eujho, pums utjejzoa tê`aj`os ejtmrorjos  pmrl al `udpema eo rmkeo G> ms me `osl hm eos qum pmrdoam`ma gumro hm eo lbro ejtmrorjo.

 

Eos qum pmrdoa pmrdoam`m m`ma a hmatrl hmatrl smräoa ua gmaðdm gmaðdmal al blrhmr , odbjkul, pums pumhma smr  oaoejzohos hmshm eo rmkeo G y mstobem`mr rmhms l `lamxjlams `la eo gjkuro hm outlr, pmrl ao aohj hjmm lb lbej ejko ko (a (ajj todp todpl` l`l l sm smräo räo pm pmrt rtja jama matm) tm) ms mstob tobem em`mr `mr ua uaoo rmeo` rmeo`jð jða a hj hjrm rm`to `to,, sja  prlbemdotjzo`jða, matrm els sucmtl maua`johlrms hm outlplêtj`os jatmraos o eo lbro ejtmrorjo l dmtogj``jlams y els outlrms mdpärj`ls. P`fjdjht ohdjtm qum al sm pumhm fobeor ma eo Mhoh Dmhjo hm ―`lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo—, pums plr mcmdpel ma Oemdoajo, ms sðel o gjams hme sjkel VWJ `uoahl sm hjgmrma`jo me hldjajl hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo sja `laguahjrel `la eo fjstlrjo l eo rmtðrj`o (@g. 29=). Mstl todbjêa rmsueto jatmrmsoatm, poro mstobem`mr mso rmeo`jða matrm eo rmvoelrjzo`jða hm eos outlplêtj`os ma me óetjdl tjmdpl dïs oeeï hm su `orï`mtr purodmatm jastrudmatoe. Hmgjam, matla`ms, els mgm`tls hm eo rmkeo G3 ―sj eos osmr`jlams `latmajhos ma ua tmxtl ejtmrorjl me rm`mptlr al pumhm plamreos ma rmeo`jða `la me prlhu`tlr rmoe y sus `la`mp`jlams, ms`oeo hm voelrms, smatjdjmatls y tldos hm plsj`jða mgm`tjvls, sj, ma `lasm`uma`jo, al pumhma smr pumstos ma rmeo`jða `la me dlhmel hm rmoejhoh qum pumhm smr ohdjtjhl `ldl me dlhmel sl`joedmatm vïejhl plr me prlhu`tlr rmoe ma me dldmatl hm eo prlhu``jða tmxtuoe, matla`ms sðel qumho `ldl dor`l hm rmgmrma`jo rm gmrma`jo poro els memdmatls mem dmatls rmgmrma`joems me duahl `lastrujhl ma me prlpjl tmxtl y rmoejzohp plr me rm`mptlr `ldl em`tur em` turoo plsjb plsjbem— em— (29=). (29=). Eumkl o`eoro qum al mx`euy mx`euymm qum ―uao smrjm smrjm hm osmr`jl osmr`jlams ams `latmajhos ma els tmxtls ejtmrorjls l portms matmros hm duahls tmxtuoems qum pumhoa duy  bjma smr pumstos ma rmeo`jða `la me dor`l hm rmgmrma`jo rmgmrm a`jo hm eo rmoejhoh hm mxpmrjma`jo hm els rm`mptlrms (osä, plr mcmdpel, ma eos alvmeos fjstðrj`os)— (297). Ymrl mso rmeo`jða tjmam jdplrtoa`j jdpl rtoa`joo ―sj hmsmdpmÿo ua popme `lastjtu `lastjtutjvl tjvl ma eo lrkoajzo`jða lrkoajzo`jða hme duahl tmxtuoe `lfmrma `lf mrmatm tm `la els hotls hotls prmsma prmsmatoh tohls ls ma me tmxtl— tmxtl— (297)3 (297)3 jdplrto jdplrto eo  gua`jða  gua`jða   hm mso  plsjbjejhoh hm plamr ma rmeo`jða odbls duahls. duahls. Hmgjam ma quê `lasjstm `lasjstm eo gj`tjvjzo`jða y els duah duahls ls gj`tjvl (297). Eumkl, mxpelro eos `lahj`jlams hm eo rm`mp`jða hm ua tmxtl ejtmrorjl (29;-29:). Ylr óetjdl, óetjdl, mstobem`m oekuaos prm`jsjlams prm`jsjlams dïs hm eo  gua`jða hm eo gj``jða ma eo sl`jmhoh y poro me fldbrm `la`rmtl (29:-2?9).

Eo plejgua`jlaoejhoh `ldl smkuahl `rjtmrjl hm hmejdjto`jða hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo

―Eo plejgu plejgua`j a`jlao laoejh ejhoh oh pumhm pumhm smr hmgjaj hmgjajho ho mstru` mstru`tur turoed oedmat matmm `ldl `ldl ua `lacua `lacuatl tl hm  prlpjmhohms tmxtuoems sjkajgj`otjvos prmtmahjhos plr me prlhu`tlr hm tmxtls ejtmrorjls y mspmroh msp mrohos os plr me rm`mptl rm`mptlr, r, prlpjm prlpjmhoh hohms ms qum pumhma pumhma oporm`m oporm`mrr `jmrtod `jmrtodmat matmm ma ltrls ltrls sjstmdos hm `lduaj`o`jða y ma els lbcmtls hm `lduaj`o`jða qum em sla prlpjls, pmrl ma eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo hmbma hmbma oporm`mr  oporm`mr am`msorjodmatm l mstor ousmatms hm eo djsdo doamro rm`lal`jbem y voelrobem— (2?9). Yrmtmahjho plr els outlrms y mspmroho plr els rm`mptlrms. Eo prlpjmhohms tmxtuoems plejgua`jlaoems sla mstru`turoems3 hmbma plhmr smr rm`lal`jhos  plr me rm`mptlr. ―Eo gua`jða hm eo tmxtuoejzo`jða plejgua`jlaoe poro eo `ld ejtmrorjo `lasjstm ma memvor eo hmasjhoh hm lrkoajzo`jða hm els `ldplamatms tmxtuoems, y plr meel, ma lrkoajzor duahls

 

tmxtuoems tmxtuo ems jatmas jatmasjla jlaoem oems, s, hm dlhl dlhl qum els rm`mptl rm`mptlrms rms pumhoa pumhoa fo`mr fo`mr hm mee meels ls em`tur em`turos os  plejvoematms> `lasjstm todbjêa ma kujor eos rmo``jlams hm els rm`mptlrms— (2??). ―… ms sðel bocl els mgm`tls hm eo rmkeo G `ldl els prlhu`tlrms hm tmxtls sm plama ma sjtuo`jða hm plamr ma cumkl `otmklräos hm prlhu``jða qum al smräoa opej`obems sj els tmxt tmxtls ls gumro gumroa a cuzk cuzkoh ohls ls y op oprm` rm`jo johl hlss ma pr prjd jdmr mr tê têrd rdja jal l rmspm rmspm`t `tl l hm su vm vmrh rhoh oh `ldprlbobem hm dlhl uaävl`l, l rmspm`tl hm su utjejzo`jða toatl uaävl`o `ldl plsjbem lrjmatoho o smr kuäo hm o``jlams— (2??-2?2).

Odbls `rjtmrj Odbls `rjtmrjls ls ma rmeo`jð rmeo`jða a hjoeê`t hjoeê`tj`o j`o pmrdjt pmrdjtma ma hmtmrd hmtmrdjao jaorr eo mspm`jg mspm`jgj`j j`jhoh hoh hm eo `lduaj`o`jða ejtmrorjo.