Schematic Diagram of COPD

Schematic Diagram of COPD

Precipitating Factors:

Predisposing Factors:

Smoker/ cigarette smoking

Aging

Second hand smoker

Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (hereditary)

Exposure to air pollution

Allergies

IV drug use (methadone/ cocaine HIV infection Recur Recurren rentt res res irat irator or infe infect ctio ion n

Chronic irritation to the airflows of the lungs

Infiltration of lymphocytes,

The elastin and fiber network of the

macrophages, and

alveoli are broken

polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the mucosal areas As a compensatory mechanism, the alveoli enlarge but the walls are Vasodilation, congestion, and edema of the bronchial mucosa

damaged

Thickening due to excessive mucus

Consistent destruction of the alveoli

plug formation and rigidity of bronchi

and alveolar walls

Narrowing of air passages

Enlargement of acini

Reduction in the alveolar diffusing space and some tissue changes

Chronic Bronchitis

Pulmonary Emphysema

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE