SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
SCHEMA REFRESH SCHEMA REFRESH is a regular job for DBA’s. So I decide to prepare an informative document for schema refresh. We can achieve schema refresh in two ways, they are 1) Refresh the database schema with Production database. 2) Refresh the database schema from Production database to some other databases like DEV/TEST/...
SOURCE DATABASE
: CRMS
TARGET DATABASE
: HRMS
SOURCE SERVER
192.168.1.130
(SERVER1.ORACLE.COM) PRODUCTION
TARGET SERVER
192.168.1.131
(SERVER2.ORACLE.COM) DEVELOPMENT
REFRESH SCHEMA FROM PRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT Find the roles & privileges that are assigned to the schema. Capture source database schema objects count. Export database schema using EXP/EXPDP utility. Send the full export backup .dmp file to target server. Create the schema with default tablespace and allocate quota. Make required roles & privileges for the schema. Connect to user and ensure default tablespace, roles and privileges. Import the dump file using IMP/IMPDP into the target database. Recompile invalid objects. Gather schema statistics after the refresh. If the schema is already existing on the target database server, then take export backup of existing schema from the target database. After that you can drop it and recreate the schema. NETWORK AVAILABILITY BETWEEN TWO SERVERS $ hostname -i 192.168.1.130 $ ping 192.168.1.131 PING 192.168.1.131 (192.168.1.131) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.131: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=4.10 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.131: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.156 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.131: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.216 ms ... $ hostname –i 192.168.1.131 $ ping 192.168.1.130 PING 192.168.1.130 (192.168.1.130) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.130: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=15.2 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.130: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.130: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.134 ms ...
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
PRE - REFRESH ACTIVITIES SYS> select username, account_status, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace FROM
dba_users WHERE username=upper('&username');
Enter value for username: SHAM old
2: where username=upper('&username')
new
2: where username=upper('SHAM')
USERNAME
ACCOUNT_STATUS
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
--------- ----------------- -------------------SHAM
OPEN
TBS1
SYS> select owner, sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024
TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE --------------------TEMP
"SIZE in GB"
FROM dba_segments WHERE owner=upper('&owner') GROUP BY owner; Enter value for owner: sham old
2: where owner=upper('&owner') group by owner
new
2: where owner=upper('sham') group by owner
OWNER ------SHAM
SIZE in GB ---------40.35
SYS> select distinct tablespace_name from dba_segments WHERE owner in ('SHAM'); TABLESPACE_NAME ---------------TBS1 TBS2 TBS3 USERS FIND THE TABLESPACES AND SIZE OF THAT SCHEMA SYS> select tablespace_name, sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024) "Size in GB" from
dba_segments where owner='SHAM' group by tablespace_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME
Size in GB
------------------------------ ---------TBS1
9.062
TBS2
6.048
TBS3
8. 82
USERS
16. 42
CHECK TABLESPACE QUOTAS FOR THAT SCHEMA SYS> select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='SHAM'; .. ... [Trimmed] Quota is the amount of space allocated to a user in a tablespace. In dba_ts_quotas view, MAXBYTES column value of -1 indicates UNLIMITED, means that user can use as much space in that tablespace.
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
SPOOL THE OUTPUT OF ROLES & PRIVILEGES ASSIGNED TO THE USER SYS> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee in('SHAM'); GRANTEE
GRANTED_ROLE
ADM DEF
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- --SHAM
RESOURCE
NO
YES
SHAM
CONNECT
NO
YES
SYS> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee in('SHAM'); GRANTEE
PRIVILEGE
ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- --SHAM
CREATE SEQUENCE
NO
SHAM
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE
NO
SHAM
CREATE VIEW
NO
SHAM
CREATE DATABASE LINK
NO
SHAM
CREATE SYNONYM
NO
SHAM
CREATE PROCEDURE
NO
SHAM
CREATE TRIGGER
NO
SHAM
CREATE ANY TABLE
NO
SHAM
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
NO
9 rows selected. SHAM> spool roles_privs.sql; SHAM> select 'Grant' || role
||' to SHAM' "ROLES_PRIVILIGES" from session_roles;
SHAM> select 'Grant' || privilege ||' to SHAM' "ROLES_PRIVILIGES" from session_privs; SHAM> spool off; CHECK DATABASE LINKS FOR THAT SCHEMA SYS> select owner, db_link, username from dba_db_links OWNER
DB_LINK
WHERE owner='SHAM';
USERNAME
------ ---------- -------SHAM
TESTLINK
ROSE
CHECK ALL OBJECTS IN THAT SCHEMA SYS> select owner, object_type, count(*) from dba_objects WHERE owner=upper('&owner') AND object_name not like 'BIN$%' GROUP BY object_type, owner ORDER BY object_type; Enter value for owner: sham OWNER
OBJECT_TYPE
COUNT(*)
------------------------------ ------------------- ---------SHAM
FUNCTION
1
SHAM
INDEX
SHAM
PACKAGE
1
SHAM
PACKAGE BODY
1
SHAM
PROCEDURE
1
10
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
SHAM
SEQUENCE
2
SHAM
SYNONYM
1
SHAM
TABLE
SHAM
TABLE PARTITION
3
SHAM
TRIGGER
2
SHAM
VIEW
1
SHAM
DATABASE LINK
1
12
12 rows selected.
FIND TOTAL OBJECTS IN THAT SCHEMA SHAM> select object_name, object_type, subobject_name, status FROM user_objects; OBJECT_NAME
OBJECT_TYPE
SUBOBJECT_NAME
STATUS
---------------------------- ---------------- --------------- ------GRADE
TABLE
VALID
PROJECT
TABLE
VALID
TRANSPORT
TABLE
VALID
EMP_PROJ_INFO
TABLE
VALID
EMP_PERS_INFO
TABLE
VALID
EMP_INFO
TABLE
VALID
PAYROLL
TABLE
VALID
EMP
TABLE
VALID
DEPT
TABLE
VALID
SEQ_EMP_INFO1
SEQUENCE
VALID
SEQ_EMP_INFO
SEQUENCE
VALID
TRI_EMP
TRIGGER
VALID
EMP_AUDIT
TABLE
VALID
LOGTAB
TABLE
VALID
USRLOG
TRIGGER
VALID
VEMP_INFO
VIEW
VALID
CONT_EMP
TABLE
VALID
CONT_EMP
TABLE PARTITION
P1
VALID
CONT_EMP
TABLE PARTITION
P2
VALID
CONT_EMP
TABLE PARTITION
P3
VALID
MULT_TAB
FUNCTION
VALID
PKGSAL
PACKAGE BODY
VALID
PROC1
PROCEDURE
VALID
PAYROLL_INFO
SYNONYM
VALID
PAYROLL_SAL_IN4
INDEX
VALID
EMP_DPID_IN1
INDEX
VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_PRJID_IN3
INDEX
VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_DPID_IN2
INDEX
VALID
PKGSAL
PACKAGE
VALID
PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ
INDEX
VALID
EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ
INDEX
VALID
PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK
INDEX
VALID
DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK
INDEX
VALID
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
INDEX
VALID
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK
INDEX
VALID
TESTLINK
DATABASE LINK
VALID
36 rows selected. SHAM> select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name, r_constraint_name, r_owner
FROM
all_constraints
CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE
owner='SHAM';
CONST TABLE_NAME
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME
R_OWNER
------------------------------ ----- -------------------- -------------------- -------PAYROLL_EMPID_C7_FK
R
PAYROLL
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
SHAM
EMP_PRJ_INFO_EMPID_C5_FK
R
EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
SHAM
EMP_PERS_INFO_EID_C6_FK
R
EMP_PERS_INFO
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
SHAM
TRNSPRT_PRJID_C10_FK
R
TRANSPORT
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
SHAM
EMP_ELEVEL_C13_FK
R
EMP
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK
SHAM
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK
P
GRADE
PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK
P
PROJECT
PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ
U
PAYROLL
EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ
U
EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
P
EMP
DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK
P
DEPT
EMP_DEPTID_C2_NTNL
C
EMP
EMP_PRJ_INFO_DEPTID_C8_NL
C
EMP_PROJ_INFO
GRD_DESC_C14_NL
C
GRADE
14 rows selected. FIND INDEXES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED TABLESPACES SHAM> select table_name, index_name, tablespace_name from user_indexes; TABLE_NAME
INDEX_NAME
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -----------------------------PROJECT
PROJ_PRJID_C4_PK
TBS1
PAYROLL
PAYROLL_ACCNO_C11_UQ
TBS1
PAYROLL
PAYROLL_SAL_IN4
USERS
EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_PRJ_INFO_MAILID_C9_UQ
TBS1
EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_PRJ_INFO_DPID_IN2
USERS
EMP_PROJ_INFO
EMP_PRJ_INFO_PRJID_IN3
USERS
EMP
EMP_EMPID_C1_PK
TBS1
EMP
EMP_DPID_IN1
USERS
DEPT
DEPT_DEPTID_C3_PK
TBS1
GRADE
GRD_EMPGRD_C12_PK
TBS1
10 rows selected. FIND THE ENCRYPTED PASSWORD FOR THE SCHEMA SYS> select password from sys.user$ where name='SHAM'; PASSWORD ---------------8657483259C22FDE
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
EXPORT THE SCHEMA Export the schema from the crms database with the name of the file as refresh_sham.dmp $ export ORACLE_SID=crms $ exp system/manager file=refresh_sham.dmp log=schema_refresh_sham.log owner=sham direct=y statistics=none Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 28 23:03:36 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set server uses WE8MSWIN1252 character set (possible charset conversion) About to export specified users ... . exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions . exporting foreign function library names for user SHAM . exporting PUBLIC type synonyms . exporting private type synonyms . exporting object type definitions for user SHAM About to export SHAM's objects ... . exporting database links . exporting sequence numbers . exporting cluster definations . about to export SHAM’s tables via Direct path ... . . exporting table
CONT_EMP
. . exporting partition
P1
42202 rows exported
. . exporting partition
P2
44020 rows exported
. . exporting partition
P3
42015 rows exported
. . exporting table
DEPT
12 rows exported
. . exporting table
EMP
168022 rows exported
. . exporting table
EMP_AUDIT
24 rows exported
. . exporting table
EMP_INFO
168022 rows exported
. . exporting table
EMP_PERS_INFO
168022 rows exported
. . exporting table
EMP_PROJ_INFO
168022 rows exported
. . exporting table
GRADE
12 rows exported
. . exporting table
LOGTAB
2666 rows exported
. . exporting table
PAYROLL
168022 rows exported
. . exporting table
PROJECT
22 rows exported
. . exporting table
TRANSPORT
148213 rows exported
. exporting synonyms . exporting views . exporting stored procedures . exporting operators . exporting referential integrity constraints . exporting triggers . exporting indextypes . exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
. exporting posttables actions . exporting materialized views . exporting snapshot logs . exporting job queues . exporting refresh groups and children . exporting dimensions . exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions . exporting statistics Export terminated successfully without warnings. SEND THE FULL EXPORT BACKUP TO THE TARGET DATABASE SERVER $ gzip refresh_sham.dmp $ scp refresh_sham.dmp.gz roles_privs.sql
[email protected]:$HOME
[email protected]'s password: refresh_sham.dmp.gz IN TARGET SERVER GUNZIP .DMP EXPORT FILE $ gunzip refresh_sham.dmp.gz $ ls refresh* refresh_sham.dmp STEPS TO DROP AND RECREATE THE SCHEMA Before drop the schema from the target database, take export backup of the schema. Drop the schema(sham) from the crms database. Recreate the user with default tablespace and quotas as per source tablespace tablespaces. Assign temporary tablespace to that user. Execute the spooled script (roles_privs.sql) which contains roles and privileges to the user. EX : SYS>@roles_privs.sql; Script grants the roles and privileges to the user obtained before dropping it. Connect to the user and verify allocated tablespaces, roles and privileges. ** Before drop all the objects in that Schema, connect the schema and Spool the output. POINTS TO NOTE Suppose if you want to remove tables manually first you have to delete child tables otherwise oracle won’t allow directly to drop parents table. Let’s see. SHAM> drop table emp; drop table emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02449: unique/primary keys in table referenced by foreign keys While dropping tables manually we can see ORA-02449 error. Use the below query to find reference key constraints and drop the tables first.
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
SHAM> spool ref_constraints.sql; SHAM> Select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name FROM
all_constraints WHERE constraint_type='R' AND
r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name from all_constraints where table_name='EMP'); CONSTRAINT_NAME
C TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ - -----------------------------EMP_PRJ_INFO_EMPID_C5_FK
R EMP_PROJ_INFO
PAYROLL_EMPID_C7_FK
R PAYROLL
TRNSPRT_PRJID_C10_FK
R TRANSPORT
EMP_PERS_INFO_EID_C6_FK
R EMP_PERS_INFO
SCRIPT TO FIND & DROP OBJECTS FROM THAT SCHEMA SHAM> spool drop_tables.sql; SHAM> select 'drop table '||table_name||' cascade constraints purge; 'from user_tables; SHAM> spool off; SHAM> spool drop_other_objects.sql; SHAM> select 'drop '||object_type||' '||object_name||';' from user_objects; SHAM> spool off; SHAM> DISC YOU CAN DROP THE SCHEMA. DROP THE SCHEMA SYS> drop user sham cascade;
# note SCN 4607636
User dropped. RECREATE THE USER WITH DEFAULT TABLESPACE , TEMPORARY TABLESPACE & QUOTAS SYS> create user sham identified by values '8657483259C22FDE' default tablespace tbs1 quota unlimited on tbs1 quota unlimited on tbs2 quota unlimited on tbs3
# Need to create all the tablespaces, if they are not exist.
quota unlimited on users temporary tablespace temp PROFILE sw_dev;
@roles_privs.sql;
roles_privs.sql
By executing above script we can assign all privileges to the new user as per source database. you can do them manually.
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
IMPORT DATA INTO CRMS DATABASE $ export ORACLE_SID=crms $ imp system/manager file=refresh_sham.dmp log=refresh_sham_imp.log fromuser=sham touser=sham Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 28 23:23:12 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via direct path import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set import server uses WE8MSWIN1252 character set (possible charset conversion) . importing SHAM's objects into SHAM . . importing partition
"CONT_EMP":"P1"
42202 rows imported
. . importing partition
"CONT_EMP":"P2"
44020 rows imported
. . importing partition
"CONT_EMP":"P3"
42015 rows imported
. . importig table
"DEPT"
12 rows imported
. . importing table
"EMP"
168022 rows imported
. . importing table
"EMP_AUDIT"
24 rows imported
. . importing table
"EMP_INFO"
168022 rows imported
. . importing table
"EMP_PERS_INFO"
168022 rows imported
. . importing table
"EMP_PROJ_INFO"
168022 rows imported
. . importing table
"GRADE"
12 rows imported
. . importing table
"LOGTAB"
2666 rows imported
. . importing table
"PAYROLL"
168022 rows imported
. . importing table
"PROJECT"
22 rows imported
. . importing table
"TRANSPORT"
148213 rows imported
About to enable constraints... Import terminated successfully without warnings. When import schema, you may get error ORA-01917 . . importing table
"EMP"
168022 rows imported
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 1917: "GRANT SELECT ON "EMP" TO "ROSE"" IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1917 encountered ORA-01917: user or role 'ROSE' does not exist Solution: You need to create user ‘rose’ in the target database. If the schema made any object privilege to other users in the source database, you have to assign the same privilege to the user in target database. You must create the user in target database. In source database, you can get information using following sql statement. SHAM> select * from user_tab_privs_made; ..
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
SCHEMA REFRESH IN ORACLE USING EXP/IMP
BASIC CHECKS AFTER IMPORT THE SCHEMA SYS> select owner, object_type, count(object_type) from dba_objects WHERE owner ='SHAM' GROUP BY owner, object_type; ** Schema object count should be same before export and after import. SYS> select username, password, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, profile from dba_users WHERE username ='SHAM'; SYS> select owner,sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 "SIZE in GB" from dba_segments WHERE owner=upper('&owner') GROUP BY owner; SYS> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee in('SHAM'); SYS> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee in('SHAM'); SYS> select * from dba_ts_quotas where username='SHAM'; FIND THE INVALID OBJECTS FOR THE SCHEMA SYS> select owner, object_name, object_type, status from dba_objects WHERE status 'VALID' AND OWNER='SHAM'; If you find any invalid objects execute following script. SYS> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql; Check the privileges, tablespace quotas, and dblinks for that the schema. This is essential. ARE ALL GRANTS IMPORTED ? NO. Roles and profiles are NOT exported. If the schema received grant privilege from others does NOT get export when you export the schema. So, it does NOT get import when you import the schema. If the schema made grant privileges to others, those are exported when you export the schema. 1) Grants given by a user are exported with the user. SHAM> grant select on sham.emp to scott; SHAM> grant update on sham.emp to scott; 2) Grants received by a user are NOT exported with the user. SCOTT> grant select on scott.salgrade to sham; SCOTT> grant update on scott.salgrade to sham; GATHER NEW STATISTICS FOR THE SCHEMA SYS> exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname =>'SHAM', method_opt=>'FOR ALL INDEXES FOR ALL INDEXED COLUMNS SIZE 1',estimate_percent => 15,granularity=>'ALL',cascade=>TRUE); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran ,Thiyagu
