Schaum's Outlines-Modern Physics

ABOUT THE I\UTHORS Ron.ad G.utrellU, Ph.D., and WiUiam

S.~'in, Ph.D., are ProfcsSOl'1l of Physics 31 New Jer.;ey Institute of T(,'Chnology. GaUlreau has n,'Ccived several "ExcclleIK'C in Teaching awards and has authored several universiry handbooks and study guides tor physics. Savin has 100.'cived numerous grants for "technology in education" projects since 1911L H

Schllum·s Outline of Theory and Problems of MODERN PHYSICS. second edition Copyright it' 1999 by The McGf'dw-Hili Companies, Inc. 1\11 right~ rescf"l/ed. Printed in the United Stal:l:5 of America. E~cept: as pennilled under the United StalCS Copyright Aci of 1976. no part of this publication may be reprodUl"Cd or disml>tued in any form or by any lTlI:ans. or stored in II data bae or retrieval sysl