Scharffen Berger
August 3, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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_ob`reefi Hfrlfr Obgogc`tf A`jfr Bfobgs Xfcfv`itfs _ghrf c` faprfs`=
Euid`d` pgr dgs `aklgs= Xghfrt _tfkihfrl y Mbgi
_`ob`reefrhfrlfr. Dfdko`dgs `c `rtf ogcki`rkg
^rgduokr obgogc`tf df c` afmgr o`ckd`d y afmgrfs
ogit ogitrk rkhu huyg yg ` tg tgdg dg fc iflg iflgok okgg p`r` p`r` `uaf `uafit it`r `r ui quáitupcf c` e`hrko`okÿi.
lr`igs.
_f aud` aud`rg rgii ` ui ui`` iu iufv fv`` eà eàhr hrko ko`` fi 8> 8>>0 >0 qu quff
B`rrks Vi` faprfs` df o`pkt`c prkv`dg quf dkrklá` fc iflgokg y lfstkgi`h` fc orfokakfitg.
ui` pfqufð` faprfs` fi 0;;5 cuflg prgdumg a`ygrfs o` o`it itkd kd`d `dfs fs,, fi 8> 8>>> >> sf dkfr dkfrgi gi oufi oufit` t` df qu quff if ifof ofsk skt` t`h` h`ii fs fsp` p`ok okgg `dko `dkokg kgi` i`cc p`r` p`r` fxp` fxp`id idkr kr fc iflgokg.
O` O`it itkd kd`d `d df Fapc Fapcf` f`dg dgs= s= 5> fapc fapcf` f`dg dgs, s, 84 fi prgduookÿi, 02 fi tkfid`s akigrkst`s, 02 fi `dakikstr`okÿi y `dakikstr`okÿi.
_ghrf c` Kidustrk`=
E`hrko`h`i dfsdf cgs lr`igs b`st` c` h`rr`.
C` kidustrk` sf sflafit`h` fi dgs o`tflgrá`s= ^rfakua y A`skvg
Afro`dg A`skvg 04 akccgifs dgaki`dg ui > Akccgifs orfokakfitg df ui 06% ` ui 8>%.
C` ogapftfiok` ýiko` prgvfiá` df furgpfgs ` `ctgs prfokgs.
_ghrf dfc Iflgokg=
_bo`reefi sf prfp`r` p`r` rfokhkr ui` aàquki` quf `uafit`r` su o`p`okd`d agckig df Hgc`.
C` dfa`id` b`há` sghrfp`s`dg c` gefrt` @uafitg df dfa`id` fi ui ?>%.
C`s vfit`s orfokfrgi df V_D $ 0 akc ` V_D $ 0> akc df 0;;; ` 8>>4, sf fstka` quf cgs kilrfsgs df 8>>6
supfr`rá`i cgs V_D $ 06 akc
Ufit`s df _H= ski `zýo`r fxtr` gsourg 8>% df c`s vfit`s, gtrgs prgduotgs aàs ducofs 2>% Obgogc`tf ogi afzoc` df o`o`g rfprfsfit`h` ui 5>% rf`ckz`dg p`r` Tr`dfr Mgf's, quf rfprfsfit` fc 8>% df c`s vfit`s tgt`cfs ogag ockfitf. Cgs prgduotgs ski fiducz`r` y gsourg rfprfsfit`h`i fc 8>% df c`s vfit`s y fc 2>% rfst`itf ogistktuá` cgs aàs ducofs.
O`i`cfs df vfit`=
Okiog tkfid`s dft`cckst`s, supfrafro`dg y sktkg wfh
Ecumg
^rgduookÿi
Trfs _fookgifs= Àrf` df ^rgduookÿi, `rfs df Gekoki`s y Ufit` `c dft`ccf.
Ecumg `itfrkgr `c Agckig
O`p`okd`d
Ckapk`dg r df lr`igs
Tgst`dg r`
@vfit`dgr `
Afzoc`d gr
rfeki`dgr`
Xfeki`dg r`8
Tfapc` dg
Jkcglr`ags
0>>
86>
86> jkcglr`ags
006
04>>
04>>
04> jkcglr`a gs
Tkfapg
>.06 akiutgs
0 bgr` 0.86 bg bgr` r`ss y >.06 akiutgs fierk`r
0.86
_ki `zýo`r 4> 6> bgr`s bgr`s
Euiokgi`akf itg
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s 84 bgr`s (8 turigs)
84 bgr`s
2 bgr`s 2 bgr`s 8 turigs
O`p`okd`d dk`s
5 dá`s ` c` sfa`i`
< dá`s
< dá`s
< dá`s
< dá`s
< dá`s
Kivfit`rkg
Dgs sfa`i`s
< dá`s
Agcdfg
0 bgr`
< dá`s 2 fapcf`dgs
@c sgcg` sf tr`h`m``clui`s ui turigrfeki`dgr`s. pgr dá`, okiog dá`s pgr c`s bgr`s fxtr`s, pufstg `c oufccg df hgtfcc` df c` rfekifrá` sgcgprkiokpkg `co`iz`h`i tfraki`r _f fv`cuÿ ogapr`r a`s a`quk a`quki`s, i`s, pfrg cuflg sf dfokdkÿ kivfrtkr fi ui agckig o`p`z df prgofs`r prgofs`r 0,4>> jkcglr`ags. jkcglr`ags. _gcg ifofskt`idg `krf`r y afzoc`r, pfrg fc rfeki`dg rfduokrá` ` 06 bgr`s. Fxpfot`tkv`s 06 bgr`s. Dfokdkÿ quf pgdrá`i ghtfifr aàs v`cgr `lrfl`idg ui agckig df hgc`s -Agckig df hgc`s= p`r` agcfr p`rtáouc`s lkr`idg hgc`s df `ofrg dfitrg df ui t`ahgr -Tgd`vá` sf ifofskt` ogiobf p`r` afzoc`r, pfrg fc ogiob`dg sf dftfidrá` ` c`s 0> bgr`s y fc agckig df hgc`s tfraki`rá` df agcfr -Fitgiofs, ogi fc agckig df hgc`s= tgd` c` `krf`okÿi y c` agckfid` sf ogapcft`i fi 06 bgr`s fi cul`r df 4>-5> bgr`s fi ogiobf -Ogapfis`okÿi= o`ckd`d kisflur` -Ou`idg sf prghÿ, prkafrg fc obgogc`tf fst`h` a`cg, cuflg cg rfbkokfrgi y fst`h` hufig -Agckig df hgc`s grdfi`dg= pgtfiok`c p`r` `uafit`r c` o`p`okd`d fi ui . 4>.>> >>>> jl jl fqu fqukv kv`c `cfi fitf tf ` 85 85 y 8; 8; rfe rfeki ki`d `dgr gr`s `s df obgo obgogc gc`t `tff Ckapk`dgr lr`igs
df
Tgst`dgr`
@vfit`dgr`
Afzoc`dgr
Xfeki`dgr`
Tfapc`dg [ Tfapc`dg agcdfg
O`p`okd`d df o`rl`
8>>
86>
46>
>
04>>
8>>
O`p`okd`d dkspgikhcf
8>>
86>
86>
006
04>>
04>
Tkf Tkfap apg g
Oko kocg cg
0. 0.86 86 bgr`s bgr`s y >.06
fi
Bgr`s (Ogisuag)
>.86 Bgr`s
akiutgs fierk`r
0 bgr`
0.86
5> bgr`
0 bgr`
Tkfapg df Okocg fi Akiutgs (Ogisuag)
06
;>
5>
>
5>
O`itkd`d A`quki`s
0
0
0
0
8
0
_`ckd` O`p`okd`d
8>>
86>
026
006
04>>
04>
Feko`ok` dfc ^rgofsg
;5%
0>>%
>%
0>>%
0>>%
O`p`okd`d Jkcglr`ags Akiutgs
df pgr
0?.??
8.2
0.6?
>.>.>>
055.5>
;8.>>
45.5<
04>.>>
Jkcglr`ags pgr dá`
54>>
0???
042>
04
884>
Bgr`s df tr`h`mg
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s (8 84 bgr`s turigs)
2 bgr`s 8 turigs
O`p`okd`d _fa`i`c
?2,4>>.>>
;,???.??
04,>>>.>>
0>,?>4.>>
.>>
06,52>.>>
Bgr`s df tr`h`mg
0;8.>>
884.>>
884.>>
442.>>
0?44.>>
442.>>
$65.>> $?>%
65 $65,>>>.>> 65.>>%
008 $40,805.>> ;%
??5.>> $?0,?5>.>> 0>>.>>%
008 $58,.>> 6>.>>%
df
42.>> O`p`okd`d Afisu`c $06?,5>>.>> Vtkckz`okÿi 8>.48%
Bgr`s _fa`i`cfs
@otu`cafitf fc oufccg df hgtfcc` fvkdfitf fs c` rfeki`dgr`, y` quf c` aksa`s fs dfagstr`dg quf ` pfs`r df tkfapg df okocg c` o`p`okd`d pgr dá` fs df 0,08> ` pfs`r df tr`h`m`r 84 bgr`s. D`idg ogag dfa`id` rf`c pgr afs df . @ ogitkiu`okÿi, skfidg fstr`tëlkogs `c dfokdkr kivfrtkr fi ui` a`quki` fv`cu`idg v`rkgs fsofi`rkgs pgdfags fxpcgr`r `ctfri`tkv`s p`r` gptkakz`r c` o`p`okd`d. Ogapr` df Agckig Ckapk`dgr df Tgst`dgr` lr`igs
@vfit`dgr`
Afzoc`dgr
Xfeki`dgr`
Tfapc`dg agcdfg
O`p`okd`d df o`rl`
8>>
86>
46>
>
04>>
8>>
O`p`okd`d dkspgikhcf
8>>
86>
86>
006
04>>
04>
[
^àlki` ?
Tk Tkfa fapg pg Ok Okoc ocg g fi Bgr`s (Ogisuag)
>.86 Bgr`s
0. 0.86 86 bg bgr` r`ss y >.06 akiutgs fierk`r
Tkfapg df Okocg fi Akiutgs (Ogisuag)
06
;>
5>
5>
A`quki`s
0
0
0
0
8
0
_`ckd` O`p`okd`d
0;8
86>
026
006
04>>
04>
_`ckd` O`p`okd`d
8>>
86>
026
006
04>>
04>
Feko`ok` ^rgofsg
dfc
;5%
0>>%
>%
0>>%
0>>%
O`p`okd`d Jkcglr`ags Akiutgs
df pgr
0?.??
8.2
0.6?
?.00
8.??
Jkcglr`ags bgr`
pgr
2>>.>>
055.5>
;8.>>
025.5<
04>.>>
Jkcglr`ags pgr dá`
54>>
0???
042>
04
884>
Bgr`s df tr`h`mg
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
2 bgr`s
84 bgr`s
2 bgr`s 8 turigs
O`p`okd`d sfa`i`c
?2,4>>.>>
;,???.??
04,>>>.>>
2 bgr`s turigs) 0>,?>4.>>
?0,?5>.>>
06,52>.>>
Bgr`s df tr`h`mg
0;8.>>
884.>>
884.>>
442.>>
0?44.>>
442.>>
Bgr`s _fa`i`cfs
42.>>
$65.>>
65
008
??5.>>
008
$06?,5>>.>> 84.?0%
$?>.>>%
$65,>>>.>> 55.5> ;>.62%
$086,44>.>> 8;.> 6;.68%
O`itkd`d
O`p`okd`d Afisu`c Vtkckz`okÿi
0 bgr`
0.86
06 bgr`
0 bgr`
df
(8
@lrfl`r ui agckig df hgc`s rfduokrà fc tkfapg prgafdkg df c` ogiob` df 5> bgr`s ` 06 bgr`s y, pgr cg t`itg, `uafit`rà c` o`p`okd`d fi `prgxka`d`afitf ui 86%. Fc afzoc`dgr sfrà fc prÿxkag oufccg df hgtfcc` dgidf tfidrfags ui iufvg oufccg df hgtfcc` fi c` tgst`dgr`. D`dg ` quf `suakags cgs ;> akiutgs. Vtkckz`okÿi Fsofi`rkg Euturg p`r` a`itfifr cgs fqukpgs y fxp`idkr c` o`p`okd`d df o`d` `otkvkd`d fi o`sg df orfokakfitg g dfa`id` df cgs ockfitfs pgtfiok`cfs p`r` kiorfafit`r ui pfdkdg. Fi fstf o`sg c` s`ckd` df jkcglr`ags fs `uafit`d` pgr `dfou`okÿi fi turig df tr`h`mg p`r` c` `vfit`dgr` y c` tgst`dgr`. _kfidg fc oufccg df hgtfcc` c` afzoc`dgr`. Fi fstf fsofi`rkg `uafit`ags c` o`p`okd`d ui 86% c` o`p`okd`d aáika` pgr dá` y `uafit`ags c` prgduookÿi ` 62; akc.
^àlki` 4
C Cka ka p k` d g r d f l r`i g s
Tg s t` d g r`
@ v f it` d g r`
Af z o c` d g r
Xf eki ` d g r`
Tf a p c` d g [ a g cd f g
46>
>
04>>
8>>
86>
00 6
04>>
04 >
0 bgr`
0.86
0> bgr`
0 bgr`
O ` p ` o k d ` d d f o ` rl rl `
8>>
86>
O ` p ` o kd ` d d k ssp p g i kh kh cf cf
8>>
8> >
Tkf ap g O ko cg f i Bg Bg r` s( O g isu a g )
>.86 Bgr`s
0.86 bgr`s bgr`s y >.06 a kiutgs kiutgs f ie ierrk`r
Tkf ap g d f O ko cg f i Akiutg s (O g isu a g )
06
;>
5>
5>
O`itkd`d df A` q uki` s
0
0
0
0
8
0
8>> ;5%
8> >
026
04 >
0>>%
0>>%
0>>%
0 >>%
0?.??
8.88
?.>2
0.6?
>.58
8.??
2>>.>> >
8>>.>>
82>.>> 82>.>>
04>.>>
O`p` okd`d Iu uff v `
Jkc Jkcg g l r` a g s p g r d k`
??5>
_`ckd ` O ` p ` o kd ` d Fekf Fekf io k` d f c ^rg ^rg o f sg O`p`okd`d df Jkc Jkcg g l r`a g s p g r Akiutg s Jk Jkcg cg l r`a g s p g r bg r`
Bg Bg r`s d f tr`h ` mg O`p` okd`d pgr af s
4 6 > .> >
; 8 .> >
8>>.>>
???.>>
;8.>>
5044
82>>
8;;<
88>2
2 bgr`s 04>
04 bgr`s 0?,>55.5<
; bgr`s 06,.>>
84 bgr`s ?>,;08.>>
?24.>>
Bg Bg r`s d f tr`h ` mg Bg Bg r`s _f a ` i` cf s
O ` p ` o kd ` d Af i ssu u`c Vtkc tkckz`o kz`o kgi
42.>>
884.>> $;2.>>
08 bgr`s 06,52>.>>
884>
2 bgr`s 8 turigs 06,52>.>>
884.>>
442.>>
0?44.>>
442.>>
5?
??5
052. >>
008
$62;,284.>>
$68,855.5<
$5?,>>>.>>
$08?,542.>>
$58,.>>
$58,.>>
8>.;5%
8?5. 6.>>%
0;% ogag `sfsgrá` rfogafid`ags c` ogapr` df ui` afzoc`dgr` y ui` tgst`dgr` p`r` dupcko`r c` o`p`okd`d afisu`c y a`itfifr fi euiokgi`akfitg c`s àrf`s df a`ygr ecumg, fstg pfraktkrà `c tfifr fc agckig `uafit`r ` ? fc turig df c` rfeki`dgr` y pgdfr gptkakz`r cgs p`sgs.
^àlki` 6
C Cka ka p k` d g r d f l r`i g s
Tg s t` d g r`
@ v f it` d g r`
Af z o c` d g r
Xf eki ` d g r`
Tf a p c` d g [ a g cd f g
46>
>
04>>
8>>
86>
00 6
04>>
04 >
0 bgr`
0.86
06 bgr`
0 bgr`
O ` p ` o k d ` d d f o ` rl rl `
8>>
86>
O ` p ` o kd ` d d k ssp p g i kh kh cf cf
0>>
86 >
>.86 Bgr`s
0.86 bgr`s bgr`s y >.06 a kiutgs kiutgs f ie ierrk`r
06
0
8
0
?
8
0
;5 ;5%
86 >
026 >
04 >
0>>%
0>>%
0>>%
0 >>%
5.4>
?.??
08.??
0.6?
?.00
8.??
8>>.>>
< 4 > .> >
; 8 .> >
025.5<
04>.>>
442>
Tkf ap g O ko cg f i Bg Bg r` s( O g isu a g ) Tkf ap g d f O ko cg f i Akiutg s (O g isu a g ) O`itkd`d df A` q uki` s
_`ckd ` O ` p ` o kd ` d Fekf Fekf io k` d f c ^rg ^rg o f sg
O`p`okd`d df Jkc Jkcg g l r`a g s p g r Akiutg s Jk Jkcg cg l r`a g s p g r bg r`
?24.>>
Jkc Jkcg g l r` a g s p g r d k`
?>>
2 bgr`s ,
Bg Bg r`s d f tr`h ` mg Bg Bg r`s _f a ` i` cf s
42.>>
$82?,006.68 4?.5
88>2
2 bgr`s 04,>>>.>>
84 bgr`s ?>,;08.>>
442.>>
884>
2 bgr`s 8 turigs 06,52>.>>
884.>>
0?44.>>
0?44.>>
442.>>
65
??5
??5. >>
008
$65,>>>.>> 88>.2>%
$08?,542.>> 0>>.>>%
$086,44>.>> ;2.6> 0;> $%
84 bgr`s ?0,?5>.>>
^`r` fst` gpokÿi sf ogiskdfr` fc `uafitg df cgs turigs skfidg fc oufcg df hgtfcc` c` uctka` `otkvkd`d, quf pufdf sfr ogapfis`d` ogi cgs 2 fapcf`dgs quf tr`h`m`i fi c` aksa`. C Cka ka p k` d g r d f l r`i g s
Tg s t` d g r`
@ v f it` d g r`
Af z o c` d g r
Xf eki ` d g r`
Tf a p c` d g [ a g cd f g
46>
>
04>>
8>>
86>
00 6
04>>
04 >
0 bgr`
0.86
06 bgr`
0 bgr`
O ` p ` o k d ` d d f o ` rl rl `
8>>
86>
O ` p ` o kd ` d d k ssp p g i kh kh cf cf
0>>
86 >
>.86 Bgr`s
0.86 bgr`s bgr`s y >.06 a kiutgs kiutgs f ie ierrk`r
06
0 8 ;5 ;5%
0
0 0 026 >
0 04 >
0>>%
0>>%
0>>%
0 >>%
08.2>
?.??
08.??
?.><
?.00
8.??
>
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