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Nahkaotg [kfdsa Prf Rfzza

Èdvhrgg Eh`ranhd Èdvhr

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8. Ya`h Nahkaotg Ehråh [kfdsa ohkaû fo Dh [pfzzah, fo uoh iheadah `f dh ogjdfzh athdahoh kgo rhåkfs fsphøgdhs pgr phrtf `f eh`rf, dh ehrqufsh Nagvhooh `'Hyhdh Y Yhdvh. hdvh. [kfdsa rfkajaû fo kgephøåh `f su mfrehoh Ashjfddh, uoh f`ukhkaûo phrtakudhr, phrtakudhr, quf ád easeg khda﬈kû fo uo iuturg `f ef`afvhd. [us kdhsfs `f eüsakh iufrgo tg`hs fo kursgs phrtakudhrfs, praefrg kgo Nahkaotg [hddustag fo Zgeh, y dufng kgo ^hdtfr Cdfao, uo `askåpudg `f Hrogd` [kmùojfr [kmùojfrn, n, fo Yafoh. [f kgovartaû fo uog `f dgs praefrgs h`fptgs `fd `g`fkhigoaseg fo Athdah y sf aotfrfsû anuhdefotf fo dhs tfgråhs `f [krahjao (kgepgsatgr y pahoasth rusg kgosa`frh`g uog `f dgs ehygrfs fxpgofotfs `fd pgstrgehotakaseg y fd htgohdaseg dajrf). Rhsû tfepgrh`hs irfkufotfefotf irfkufotfefotf fo [uazh y fo Irhokah, `go`f mazg heasth` kgo Lfho Kgktfhu (pgfth, ogvfdasth, `rhehturng, paotgr paotgr,, `asføh` `asføh`gr gr,, kaofhsth irhokás) irhokás),, Ogreho @gundhs (fskratgr aondás), Eaeä Irhokmftta y Yarn Yarnaoah aoah ^ggdi (fskratgrh aondfsh). @f rfnrfsg h Zgeh fo 81;>, grnhoazû, kgo sus prgpags igo`gs, kgokafrtgs `f eüsakh kgotfepgrèofh fo kgdhjgrhkaûo kgo fd kgepgsatgr Ng"rf`g Rftrhssa, fo dgs quf sf aotfrprfthr aotfrprfthrgo go gjrhs `f [trhvaosca, Cg`èda, [mgsthcgvakm, [kmùojfr [kmùojfrn ny Mao`featm, fo fsf egefotg pgkg kgogka`gs fo Athdah.  Fo 8102 sf rfiunaû fo [uazh, `go`f sf khsû kgo @grgtmy@grgtmy-Chtf Chtf Zhe`sfo. [u hktava`h` hrtåstakh, iufsf kgeg pgfth g kgepgsatgr kgepgsatgr,, iuf aotfosh. Fd pahoasth Oacath Ehnhdg" fstrfoû eukmhs `f sus gjrhs. Fo 8106, hkhjh`h dh nufrrh, rftgroû `f oufvg h Zgeh. H ﬈ohdfs `f dgs høgs 8102, suiraû uoh prgiuo`h krasas egrhd quf df ddfvû h kufstagohr tg`hs sus kgepgsakagofs hotfragrfs, aokdusg dhs prgpahs ogkagofs `f kgepgsakaûo y hutgr fo ihvgr `f dh aeprgvashkaûo. @urhotf uo aotfroheafotg fo uo mgspathd psaquaètrakg, og tgkû hd pahog eès quf uoh üoakh ogth (uo dh jfegd) `fd quf fxpdgrû tg`hs dhs pgsajada`h`fs sgogrhs kgo dgs hreûoakgs prgvgkh`gs pgr dhs vajrhkagofs pgr saephtåh.  Mazg ouefrgsgs vahlfs h Grafotf, fo dgs quf `fskujraû dh fsparatuhda`h`. @fspuás `f rfsa`ar fo vhrags dunhrfs `f Furgph, sf fsthjdfkaû `f﬈oatavhefotf fo Zgeh, `go`f trhjhlû `f ehofrh sgdathrah. [f prgkurû uog `f dgs praefrgs aostruefotgs fdfktrûoakgs, dh go`agdh, quf tfoåh dh khphka`h` `f mhkfr aotfrvhdgs aoifragrfs h uo sfeatgog. Aokhphz iåsakh y psakgdûnakhefotf `f trhoskrajar sus aeprgvashkagofs, dhs nrhjhjh fo kaoth ehnoátakh. [kfdsa `fstruyû tg`hs sus gjrhs hotfragrfs hotfragrfs,, kgosa`frh`hs kgeg `fehsah`g hkh`áeakhs, y og rfvfdû hd püjdakg su oufvh fstátakh mhsth 8198, kgo fd fstrfog fo Rhrås `f Xuhttrg pfzza su uoh ogth sgdh, Fsth gjrh phrh grqufsth, kuygs egvaeafotgs fstèo kgostrua`gs kh`h uog sgjrf uoh sgdh ogth (ih, sa, sgd# y dh). [kfdsa ddfnû h vfr dh krfhkaûo hrtåstakh kgeg uo ef`ag `f kgeuoakhr uoh rfhda`h` eès fdfvh`h y trhskfo`fothd hd gyfotf. @fs`f fstf puotg `f vasth, fd hrtasth sf kgosa`frh uo efrg aotfref`ahrag, y [kfdsa sf krfåh hotf tg`g uo efoshlfrg 

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 :. Fspfktrhdaseg Fd fspfktrhdaseg fs uo fstadg eusakhd granaoh`g fo Irhokah fo dh `ákh`h `f dgs  sfsfoth hdrf`f`gr `f uo nrupg `f kgepgsatgrfs hnruph`gs fo tgrog hd Fosfejdf d  °Ataohraf. Dh eüsakh fspfktrhd, fo uo sfota`g rfstraktavg, sf jhsh praokaphdefotf fo fd `fskujraeafotg `f dh ohturhdfzh `fd taejrf eusakhd y fo dh `fskgepgsakaûo fspfktrhd `fd sgoa`g. Fd egvaeafotg sf mh a`g hepdaho`g f ao﬊uyf fo dhs eès aepgrthotfs tfo`fokahs kgotfepgrèofhs `f kgepgsakaûo y fo eukmgs `f dgs kgepgsatgrfs eès lûvfofs, kgeg Rmadappf Murfd, Murfd, Rmadappf Dfrgux, Ehrk-Ho`rá @hdjhvaf g Pmafrry Jdgo`fhu. Q kgeg fo fd khsg `fd aeprfsagoaseg, eukmgs kgepgsatgrfs kuyh eüsakh fs kgosa`frh`h fspfktrhd og hkfptho quf sf df ddhef `f fstf eg`g. Fsth eüsakh surnf fo dh `ákh`h `f dgs sftfoth, krfh`h phrh fxpdgrhr fd sgoa`g `f uoh igreh kafotå﬈kh y eusakhd. Dhs a`fhs `f dh eüsakh fspfktrhd puf`f sfr vasths kgeg irutgs thr`ågs `fd trhjhlg `f kgepgsatgrfs kgeg Ehurakf Zhvfd u Gdavafr Efssahfo, quf krfhrgo hregoåhs y grqufsthkagofs jhsh`hs fo dgs kgotfoa`gs  hreûoakgs y fohreûoakgs `fd sgoa`g. Dh eüsakh fspfktrhd aotfoth trhsdh`hr h dh grqufsth g h uo kgoluotg aostruefothd dhs fvgdukagofs tfepgrhdfs `fd sgoa`g y hpdakû h dh fskraturh `f aostruefotgs trh`akagohdfs hdnuohs tákoakhs prgkf`fotfs `f dgs `fskujraeafotgs fo fdfktrghküstakh, kgeg dh eg`udhkaûo `f irfkufokah, fd jukdf, dh kgeprfsaûo `fd fspfktrg g dh `adhthkaûo `f uo sgoa`g fo fd tafepg. Fo kuhotg h [kfdsa kgo fd fspfktrhdaeg, su eüsakh `f tgogs sfokaddgs, kgotaouhefotf khejahotfs fo taejrf y gtrgs phrèeftrgs, phr èeftrgs, iuf uoh aepgrthotf  aosparhkaûo fo fstf tapg `f eüsakh.

 ;. Gjrh `f [kfdsa Fskrajaû eès `f 862 gjrhs y kudtavû tg`gs dgs náofrgs eusakhdfs h fxkfpkaûo `f dh eüsakh fskáoakh. [us gjrhs eès `fsthkh`hs sgo pgstfragrfs h 8162 y sf khrhktfrazho pgr uoh igkhdazhkaûo sgjrf fd sgoa`g. [us oufvhs a`fhs tgehrgo igreh fo fd kursg `f dgs høgs 8162, praefrg phrh uo aostruefotg sgdg, huefotho`g dufng h pfquføhs igrehkagofs `f eüsakh `f kèehrh y hjho`goho`g pgkg h pgkg su aostruefotg prf`adfktg mhsth fotgokfs< fotgokfs< fd pahog. Iuf kgo dhs Xuhttrg pfzza su uoh ogth sgdh (8161) kuho`g fsth oufvh kgokfpkaûo `f dh eüsakh y `fd sgoa`g tgeû su igreh eès hkhjh`h. Kh`h uoh `f fsths kuhtrg pafzhs fstè jhsh`h fo uoh üoakh ogth tgkh`h pgr uoh grqufsth `f kèehrh, hpgyèo`gsf fo tafepgs y hthqufs vhrah`gs. [f ogth fo dh gjrh uoh aosparhkaûo grafothd, hd anuhd quf fo Haðo, fo kuhtrg fpasg`ags `f dh va`h `f Jrhmeh (8198) y fo Cgox-Ge-Rhx (819=) (trfs táreaogs quf quafrfo `fkar phz). 

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Dh hutfotaka`h` `f su gjrh mh sa`g pufsth fo `u`h y h efou`g `f igreh vavhefotf kgotfsth`h `fspuás `f su eufrtf. Fd kgepgsatgr Yafra Pgshtta Pgshtta mh `aiuo`a`g fo dh prfosh quf ád frh fd vfr`h`frg hutg hutgrr `f dh gjrh `f [kdfsa, y fstg sûdg 9 efsfs `fspuás `f su `fshphrakaûo. Mhy quf `fsthkhr quf [kfdsa trhjhlhjh eukmg kgo dgs eüsakgs quf aotfrprfthjho sus gjrhs, df `hjh eukmh aepgrthokah.  Fotrf sus gjrhs eès `fsthkh`hs, h`feès `f dhs yh kath`hs, sf fokufotrho fd kakdg `f kaokg kuhrtftgs `f kufr`h y vhrahs `f sus hjuo`hotfs gjrhs `f kèehrh, kgeg  Hohmat, Rrhohe AA, dh Pradgnåh Pradgnåh phrh vagdgokmfdg vagdgokmfdg,, Dhs trfs f`h`fs `fd mge mgejrf jrf g dgs Khota `fd khprakgrog. P Photg hotg sus tákoakhs kgepgsatavhs kgeg sus a`fhdfs hrtåstakgs sf mhddho h ef`ag kheaog fotrf su granfo gkka`fothd y dh pg`frgsh ao﬊ufokah quf sgjrf ád flfrkafrgo dhs kudturhs grafothdfs. Fd kakdg —Kgokafrtgs hd dåeatf― prfsfothrè ehøhoh sus Khotgs `fd Khprakgroag, kgepgsakagofs rfhdazh`hs fotrf fotrf 8198 y 81>: y fo dg quf supgof su fstrfog fo Fsphøh. Fs uoh gjrh fxtrfeh`hefotf kgepdflh quf `feho`h uoh sgprhog h khppfddh, kgo dh kgdhjgrhkaûo `f uo ngon y uoh ﬊huth, huoquf `gs `f dgs khotgs aokduyfo shxg y gtrgs `gs, sfo`gs pfrkusagoasths. Dgs aotárprftfs sfrèo fd Rrgyfktg Nufrrfrg Nufrrfr g luotg h Eakmacg Marhyheh, sgprhog `f granfo lhpgoás huoquf rh`akh`h fo Zgeh, quf nrhjû dhs gjrhs y quf `fs`f dgs sfsfoth sf kgovartaû fo dh praokaphd aotárprftf `f dhs pafzhs prf-sadèjakhs `f [kfdsa, h dhs quf hpgrtû ao﬊fxagofs y tákoakhs prgkf`fotfs `fd Og y `fd Chjuca. Fo fsths khokagofs sf prfskao`f `f dhs phdhjrhs y dh vgkhdazhkaûo sf hsgkah h aostruefotgs `f dgs quf gjtafof rfsudth`gs ihskaohotfs.  [kfdsa rfkmhzhjh dgs kgokfptgs `f kgepgsakaûo y df nusthjh dh a`fh `f dh aeprgvashkaûo, kgeprfo`aáo`gdh kgeprfo`aáo`gdh kgeg uoh khohdazhkaûo ef`ahotf dh kuhd fd gyfotf fs pufstg fo kgeuoakhkaûo kgo uoh rfhda`h` supfragr `f åo`gdf å o`gdf trhskfo`fotf. 

0. Prf Rfzza - Rraefr Egvaeafotg irhsfs `fdaeath`hs pgr dh sfraf Dh-[a-Zf-EajWIh-[gd y h`groh`h pgr trfs ogths `f hpgyhturh , @g-@g#-Ea. Fd tfeh sf `fshrrgddh fotrf dhs `gs ogths praokaphdfs Zf y Dh, quf tafofo vhdgr `f `geaohotf y tûoakh- Fd rfstg `f ogths thejaáo tafofo vhdgr, vhdgr, pfrg fo pfrag`gs eès kgrtgs f aosanoa﬈khotfs kgeg phrh vhdgrhrdhs `f ogths praokaphdfs. Fd rateg fs vhrah`g y h`groh`g, hdtfroh uoh fstrukturh jaohrah kgo uoh tfrohrah y utadazh nrupgs `f 6 ogths. Dgs ehtakfs vho `f RR h I, usho`g uo tafepg rèpa`g phrh dh irhsf praokaphd.

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