SCADA Systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Hans-Petter Halvorsen, M.Sc.
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is a type of Industrial Control System (ICS) Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. Industrial Control Systems, like PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), DCS (Distributed Control System) and SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) share many of the same features
PLC ICS
DCS
SCADA
Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
Industrial Control Systems are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world
I/O Module
cRIO LabVIEW
Programmable Automation Controller (PAC)
Industrial PID Controller
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) Controller
PC based Control System/SCADA System (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
I/O Modules
DeltaV
Siemens PLC
Control Systems • • • • • •
PLC - Programmable Logic Controller DCS - Distributed Control Systems SCADA – Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition PAC – Programmable Automation Controller RTU – Remote Terminal Unit PC – Personal Computer (PC-based Control System) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_system
Control Systems Process PLC
SCADA
? DCS
PAC
RTU
Typically, you have one or more of these systems working together. In general we can have many different combinations how these systems work together
Sensors and Actuators
Control Systems Comparison
http://www.opto22.com/site/pacsvsothertech.aspx
PLC PLC - Programmable Logic Controller • A Digital Computer used for Automation and Control Applications • PLCs are suitable for Local Area Control (plants, production lines, etc.) Example: Siemens PLC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller
PAC PAC – Programmable Automation Controller • A Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) is a compact controller that combines the features and capabilities of a PC-based control system with that of a typical PLC.
cRIO from National Instruments PAC Example:
http://www.ni.com/compactrio
RTU
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit • A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system • A RTU is a device installed at a remote location that collects data, codes the data into a format that is transmittable and transmits the data back to a central station, or master, e.g. a SCADA system • A RTU typically have Analog and Digital Inputs/Outputs • You could say that a RTU is nothing more than an advanced I/O device with Communication possibilities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_terminal_unit
DCS DCS - Distributed Control Systems Distributed Control and I/O DCS Example:
DeltaV from Emerson Process Management https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_control_system
SCADA SCADA - Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA
SCADA Architectures • 1. Generation: Early SCADA system computing was done by large minicomputers. – Common network services did not exist at the time SCADA was developed. – Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no connectivity to other systems
• 2. Generation: Distributed Systems
– The system was distributed across multiple stations which were connected through a LAN.
• 3. Generation: Networked Systems • 4. Generation: Internet of Things (IoT)
SCADA System • The SCADA system typically contains different modules, such as: 1. OPC Server 2. A Database that stores all the necessary data 3. Control System 4. Datalogging System 5. Alarm System • These Modules are typically separate Modules because they should be able to run on different computers in a network (distributed).
SCADA System Overview Process Plant
Control System
OPC Server
Network (LAN) Datalogging System SQL (Data Engine) Database Alarm System Typically, the different Modules that the SCADA system consists of are distributed physically in a Network (local network or over Internet)
PC-based Control System Industrial PID Controller
PID Control using PC and I/O Module
PC
I/O Module Embedded system with built-in PID algorithm, etc.
PC-based Control System Example Process
0-5V/1-5V Analog In Measurement(s) - + I/O Module USB-6008
0-5V Analog Out Control Signal - +
Controller (PID) and Lowpass Filter Implementation C#
AD Converter DA Converter
USB
PC-based Control System
DAQ – Data Acquisition Your App created with Sensors, etc.
LabVIEW, C#, etc.
A DAQ System consists of 4 parts: NI USB 6008 DAQ Device 1. Physical input/output signals 2. DAQ device/hardware 3. Driver software 4. Your software application (Application software)
NI DAQmx Driver or similiar
Implementing a Control System While the real process is continuous, normally the Controller and the Filter is implemented in a computer.
Recommended Litterature •
• •
Tutorial: Introduction to Visual Studio and C# http://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=csharp Tutorial: Data Acquisition in C# http://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=csharp_daq Structured Query Language http://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=sql Database Communication in Visual Studio/C# http://home.hit.no/~hansha/documents/database/database_visual_studio.htm
•
Developing an OPC Client Application Using Visual Basic http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3259/en/
Hans-Petter Halvorsen, M.Sc. University College of Southeast Norway www.usn.no E-mail:
[email protected] Blog: http://home.hit.no/~hansha/
