SBI PO Exam Study Package {Examples+Papers} [2014] SCOrpion

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SBI PO Exam 2014 eBook

Preface Jagranjosh’s State Bank of India Probationary Officers Recruitment Preparation Package (SBI PO Study Package) is an ideal platform for every candidate, who desires to achieve a good score in the SBI Probationary Officers Recruitment. The SBI PO Study Package has been prepared by experts of Jagranjosh.com. Our team of experts has put in its utmost efforts to bring out a perfect preparation package by blending in all the ingredients of the bank recruitment examinations. It is highly advisable for all those appearing for the examination to go through the package with utmost seriousness and time their performance. This will allow them to get used to the time limit set for the examination and accordingly manage time. Moreover the results of this exam should be taken as a benchmark for their preparations so far, and students should try to improve further more. Jagranjosh SBI PO Exam Study Package includes  

Reasoning Data Analysis and Interpretation English Language

The questions from all the chapters have also been included to perfectly suit the candidates need and to finally overcome the written examination. We have tried hard to ensure that each and every question will help the students to brush their readings so far. The students on completion of the test will be left feeling more confident on their preparation skills and this will boost their overall performance at the time of the examination. JagranJosh.com requests all the students to provide their valuable feedback on the package, so we can provide better versions of preparatory packages to the candidates in the future. Our team at Jagranjosh.com wishes all the students appearing for the examination. All The Best. Copyright ©Jagranjosh.com All rights reserved. No part or the whole of this eBook may be copied, reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted and/or cited anywhere in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the written permission of the copyright owner. If any misconduct comes in knowledge or brought in notice, strict action will be taken. Disclaimer Readers are requested to verify/cross-check up to their satisfaction themselves about the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. If any miss-happening, ill result, mass depletion or any similar incident occurs due to any information cited or referenced in this e-book, Editor, Director/s, employees of Jagranjosh.com can’t be held liable/responsible in any matter whatsoever. No responsibilities lie as well in case of the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. 1 REASONING ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Puzzles ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Solved Examples ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Input- Output....................................................................................................................................................... 20 Solved Examples .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Syllogism ............................................................................................................................................................. 44 Solved Examples .............................................................................................................................................. 46 Practice Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 55 Data Sufficiency ................................................................................................................................................... 60 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 64 Coding-Decoding.................................................................................................................................................. 73 Practice Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 76 Coded Relations ................................................................................................................................................... 80 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 81 Digits/Symbols & Codes ....................................................................................................................................... 84 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 84 Strengthening and Weakening Arguments........................................................................................................... 87 Practice questions............................................................................................................................................ 89 Courses of Action ................................................................................................................................................. 95 Practice Questions ........................................................................................................................................... 99 Cause and Effect ................................................................................................................................................ 106 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 107 Non Verbal Reasoning ....................................................................................................................................... 113 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 119 Practice Questions Set-1 ................................................................................................................................ 128 Practice Questions Set- 2 ............................................................................................................................... 131

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ............................................................................. 135

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Table Charts ....................................................................................................................................................... 138 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 139 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 142 Bar Graphs ......................................................................................................................................................... 146 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 146 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 156 Line Graphs ........................................................................................................................................................ 158 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 159 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 165 Pie Charts .......................................................................................................................................................... 167 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 168 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 177 Case Lets ............................................................................................................................................................ 180 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 181 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 187 Miscellaneous Graphs ........................................................................................................................................ 190 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 190 Permutations ..................................................................................................................................................... 199 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 201 Combinations .................................................................................................................................................... 210 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 212 Probability ......................................................................................................................................................... 222 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 225 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 231 Ratio & Proportion ............................................................................................................................................ 235 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 236 Average ............................................................................................................................................................. 239 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 241 Percentage......................................................................................................................................................... 243 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 244

ENGLISH LANGUAGE................................................................................................................... 246 Antonyms .......................................................................................................................................................... 246 List of Commonly used Antonyms ...................................................................................................................... 247 List of Some More Commonly used Antonym .................................................................................................... 250 Practice Examples .......................................................................................................................................... 256

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Synonyms .......................................................................................................................................................... 260 List of Commonly used Synonyms ...................................................................................................................... 261 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 270 Practice questions.......................................................................................................................................... 274 Fill in the Blanks (Sentence Completion) ............................................................................................................ 278 Practice Questions set-1 ................................................................................................................................ 279 Practice Questions set-2 ................................................................................................................................ 284 Error Detection .................................................................................................................................................. 290 List of Important Prepositions with Uses ........................................................................................................... 298 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 304 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 307 Idioms & Phrases ............................................................................................................................................... 311 List of Important Idioms and Phrases ............................................................................................................. 311 Solved Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 323 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 329 Cloze Tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 335 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 337 Reading Comprehension (Passages)................................................................................................................... 341 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 347 Sentence Reconstruction (Para Jumbled) ........................................................................................................... 356 Practice Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 360

FEEDBACK ..................................................................................................................................... 368

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Reasoning Puzzles Introduction: In the reasoning section of State Bank of India Probationary Exam, the questions from puzzles are very important to get good marks in the exam. The questions of puzzles can be asked in 2 or 3 sets and the number of questions can be 10 to 15. Here we will do some exercises of puzzles which are very much similar to the expected questions of SBI PO Exam 2014. In the chapter of puzzle test we get questions in the form of puzzles. Broadly there are five types of questions in this topic. The problems can be classified into the following (1) Classifications or categorization (2) Questions based on blood relation (3) Seating and placing arrangements (4) Comparison type test (5) Sequential order of things (6) Selections based on certain given pre-conditions

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

SOLVED EXAMPLES 1.

Classification or Categorization

In this type of test, the questions are based upon the given data belonging to different groups or possessing different qualities. You would be supposed to analyse data by placing the different items or concepts in different categories with the help of given information. These problems can be easily solved by constructing a proper table or chart. Read the question carefully by keeping in mind every point or detail. It will take a few seconds. After reading the question, you will get the general idea as to what the general theme of the problem is. Determine the usefulness of each of the information and classify all the information into (P) Actual information (Q) Useful secondary information and finally (R) Negative information. Refer to example given below: Example ─Read the following information carefully and answer the questions that follow. There are six places P, Q, R, S, T and U. There are exactly two district parks, two shopping malls and two amusement parks not a district park. Q and T are not shopping malls. S is not an amusement park. P and S are not shopping malls. P and Q are not alike. 1) Which two cities are amusement parks? a) P and Q b) T and P c) R and S d) Q and U e) P and S 2) Which two cities are shopping malls? a) P and C b) Q and U c) R and U d) Q and T e) P and S

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

3) Which two cities are district parks? a) P and Q b) R and P c) Q and S d) P and U e) None of these 4) Which two cities are neither shopping malls nor district parks? a) P and Q b) P and T c) U and R d) Q and S e) None of these

Detailed Explanation: Step ─I: The information’s can be analysed in the following manner. P

Q

R

S

T

U

Shopping mall Amusement park District Park Step ─II: In the above-mentioned example, we see that first and last sentences have useful secondary information whereas all the remaining has negative information. By studying the second, third, fourth and fifth sentences we put × mark. We can observe that above table gives some definite information about P and S. P is neither a shopping mall nor a district park. It is, therefore, an amusement park. In the same way, S is neither shopping mall nor amusement park so it must be a district park. We can  mark at the appropriate places.

Shopping mall Amusement park District Park

8

P

Q

× 

×

×

R

S

T

×

×

× 

SBI PO Exam Study Package

U

Step ─III: Finally we come to useful secondary information and negative information, for instance P and Q are not alike. This means that Q is not an amusement park. As Q is not a shopping mall, so it must be a district park. Hence, the table will look like this:

Shopping mall Amusement park District Park

P

Q

× 

×



R

S

T

×

×

×

×

×

U



Here in the example, there is no negative information about R and U and partly about T. We can assure that R and U are district parks, amusement park and shopping malls and T is amusement park as well as district park. Step ─IV: Now in the question it is given that there are exactly two district parks, two shopping malls and two amusement parks. We know the two district parks i.e. Q & S, so we put a × sign on others and then T has to be amusement park. Then we have the two amusement parks i.e. P and T, so we put a × sign on others. The table will look like this:

Shopping mall Amusement park District Park

P

Q

R

× 

× ×

×

×



×

S

T

×

×

×



×

×

×



U

Now, U and R have to be Shopping Malls. Hence, our final table is as below:

Shopping mall Amusement park District park

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P

Q

R

S

T

U

× 

×



×

×



×

×



×

×



×

× 

×

×

SBI PO Exam Study Package

On the basis of above table, the answers can be drawn. 1. 2. 3. 4.

(b) P & T (c) R & U (c) Q & S (b) P & T

2. Comparison Type Test In such type of questions, comparison of different objects or persons has to be made with respect to one or more qualities. The candidates are required to analyse the information and form either ascending or descending sequence. There may be comparison of heights, marks and age etc. This can be illustrated through the given example: Example ─Read the information given below and answer the questions that follow ─ i. ii. iii. iv. v.

There is a group of five boys. Rohit is second in height but younger than Rahul. Lalit is taller than Pradeep but younger in age. Rahul and Pradeep are of the same age but Rahul is tallest among them. Sanjay is taller than Lalit and elder to Rahul.

5) If they are arranged in the ascending order of height who will be in third position? a) Pradeep b) Rahul c) Rohit d) Sanjay` e) Data inadequate 6) Who is the youngest person in the group? a) Pradeep b) Kamini c) Pradeep d) Rohit e) Data Inaquate 7) To answer the questions, “Who is the youngest person in group”, which of the given statements is superfluous? a) Only (i) b) Only (ii) c) Only (v) d) Either (i) or (iv) e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers with Explanation ─ We have to determine the sequence of height as well as sequence of age. By (iii), We have Pradeep < Lalit By (v), We have Lalit < Sanjay It is clear that Rahul is the tallest and Rohit is second in height. Hence, the sequence of height is Pradeep < Lalit < Sanjay < Rohit < Rahul For Age sequence By (ii) we have Rohit < Rahul (iii) we have Lalit < Pradeep (iv) we have Rahul = Pradeep (v) we have Rahul < Sanjay There are two possibilities I is Sanjay < R = Pradeep < Rohit < Lalit II is Sanjay < R = Pradeep < Lalit < Rohit 5. (d) Clearly, in the increasing order of height Sanjay is in third position. 6. (d) Clearly, in the descending order of ages, Rohit is the youngest person. 7. (a) Clearly I statement is not necessary. 3. Selection Based on Certain Given Pre-conditions This type of question is solved by keeping in mind various given pre-conditions and a few essential criteria for selection of group items. The candidate has to make the required selection as per the directions given in each question. The best way to solve these questions is through the options. Example ─ Directions ─(Q. 8 to 12) Study the following information carefully and answer the questions below. A team of five is to be selected from amongst five boys P, Q, R, S and T and four girls A, B, C, and D. Some criteria for selection are ─ I. P and D have to be together II. A cannot be put with C III. S and B cannot go together 11

SBI PO Exam Study Package

IV. R and T have to be together V. C cannot be put with Q 8) If two of the members have to be boys, the team will consist of ─ a) PQDPB b) PSDBC c) QSDCB d) RTDAB 9) If C be one of the members, the other members of the team are ─ a) ADPS b) BDPS c) BDRT d) DPRT 10) If two of the members are girls and S is one of the members, the members of the team other than S are ─ a) ABQR b) ABRT c) ADPQ d) ADRT 11) If P and R are the members, the other members of the team cannot be ─ a) QTD b) STD c) TDA d) ABT 12) If including A at least three members are girls, the members of the team other than A are ─ a) BDPQ b) BDQS c) BDRT d) CDPS

Answers with Explanation ─ 8.

9.

12

(A) If A is selected naturally S has to be selected. If B is selected R cannot be selected. If D is selected Q cannot be selected. So, the options ADSQR and QD are wrong and RTDCB is not possible because D has to be accompanied with P. (D) If C is selected A cannot be selected, therefore option ADPS is wrong. S and B cannot go together. So, BDPS is wrong.

SBI PO Exam Study Package

S and P have to be together. So, BDRT is wrong. Now, the team combination will be DPRT. 10. (C) If S is selected B cannot be selected. therefore ABQR and ABRT are not correct. D and P have to be always together. Therefore, ADRT is wrong. 11. (D) If P and R are the members, D and T have to be selected. Therefore, option (D) ABT is not the correct combination. 12. (A) Alpha numeric sequence is a sequence comprising of the combination of letters and numbers. In this type of sequence the letters and numbers may have a common sequence pattern or may have separate sequence patterns. In this type of questions, a jumbled sequence of some letters, numbers and symbols is given. Following examples will explain the concept of Alpha – Numeric Sequential Puzzle. Directions (Q. 13 to 17): Study the following arrangement carefully and answer the questions given below: RE5DAP$3TIQ79B#2K%U1MW4*J8N 13. Which of the following is exactly in the middle between 3 and 1 in the above arrangement? (a) B (b) K (c) 9 (d) # (e) None of these 14. How many such numbers are there in the above arrangement, each of which is immediately preceded by a consonant and not immediately followed by a consonant? (a) None (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) none of these 15. How many such vowels are there in the above arrangement, each of which is immediately followed by a number but not immediately preceded by a consonant? (a) None (b) 1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

16. Which of the following is seventh to the left of the sixteenth from the left in the above arrangement? (a) A (b) U (c) 4 (d) T (e) none of these 17. Four of the following 5 are alike in a certain way based on their position in the above arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following does not belong to that group? (a) BK7 (b) M*U (c) DPE (d) WJ1 e) 3QP

Answers and Explanations: 13. (a) There are 11 elements between 3 and 1. So, the middle letter will be the sixth one, which is B. 14. (c) 7 and 4 are the two numbers. 15. (b) U is the only element. 16. (d) The 16th element from the left is 2, and the element 7 steps to the left of 2 is T. 17. (c) In all the other groups, the first element moves 3 steps forward to give the second element, which in turn moves 5 steps backward to the third element.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 5): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. A, B, C, D, E, F and G are travelling in three different cars Alto, Punto and Vento and there are at least two persons in any of these cars. Each of them has a favourite (likes) colour, viz black, red, yellow, green, white, blue and pink, not necessarily in the same order.  B likes yellow and is not travelling in Vento.  The one who likes black is travelling in the same car in which E is travelling.  C likes blue and is travelling in the same car in which G is travelling.  D is going in Punto only with the one who likes pink.  G is not travelling either in Punto or Vento.  F does not like black.  G does not like either green or white.  D does not like green.  E does not like pink. 1. Who likes Black? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) None of these 2. Which of the following combinations is correct? (a) D – Vento – White (b) F – Alto – Pink (c) G – Alto – Red (d) B – Punto – Yellow (e) All are correct

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

3. What is E’s favourite colour? (a) Red (b) Green (c) White (d) Either Black or Yellow (e) None of these 4. Which of the following person is travelling in Alto? (a) CD (b) BCE (c) DF (d) BCG (e) None of these 5. Who likes White? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these Directions (Q. 6 – 10): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table facing the centre but not necessarily in the same order.  C is sitting third to the left of E.  D and G are not the immediate neighbour C and E.  A is second to the right of G and third to the left of H.  F is not an immediate neighbour of E. 6. Who is third to the left of G? (a) E (b) F (c) H (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

7. What is F’s position with respect to B? (a) Fourth to the right (b) Third to the left (c) Third to the right (d) Fourth to the left (e) None of these 8. Who is fourth to the right of A? (a) E (b) F (c) G (d) H (e) None of these 9. Who is second to the left of G? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) None of these 10. Who are the immediate neighbours of C? (a) AB (b) AC (c) BF (d) AF (e) None of these Directions (Q. 11 – 15): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. There are six friends; A, B, C, D, E and F sitting around a circular table. All the friends are facing the centre. All of them are working as a Doctor, Engineer, Lawyer, Teacher, Shop keeper and Manager but not in the same order.  The manager and the teacher are the immediate neighbour of the shop keeper.  A is sitting second to the left of the shop keeper and second to the right of B who is a lawyer.  Teacher is not an immediate neighbour of A.  Doctor is not the immediate neighbour of B. 17

SBI PO Exam Study Package

 F is a manager.  C is not an engineer.  E is neither an engineer nor a shop keeper. 11. D is working as a/an (a) Doctor (b) Engineer (c) Teacher (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these 12. Who are the immediate neighbours of the engineer? (a) Shop keeper and Lawyer (b) Doctor and Manager (c) Teacher and Lawyer (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these 13. Who is sitting between A and C? (a) B (b) D (c) E (d) F (e) None of these 14. What is F’s position with respect to D? (a) Second to the right (b) Third to the right (c) Second to the left (d) Third to the left (e) None of these 15. Which of the following pairs is sitting opposite to each other? (a) AC (b) FE (c) DC (d) BD (e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers:1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b)

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4. (d) 5. (e) 6. (c)

7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (e)

10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (e)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c)

Input- Output Introduction: The questions of Input-Output in the PO exams are very common and can be very much scoring within few minutes. These questions are pattern based in which you have to find the hidden pattern and then answer the given questions. Here we will practice the questions of Input-Output These are the problems that test your aptitude. You will be given some input and a machine (its working) using some examples. You have to study this working and accordingly process the data given to you.

In the questions related to this topic, you are expected to be the “machine”. You would be told what processing has to be done. You would be given the input, your job would be give the output in accordance to the input.

In the topic of input output there are primarily four types of operation that can be asked in a particular question. The four operations are as follows: 1. Ordering input according to given criteria, e.g. alphabetically, in increasing/decreasing order etc. 2. Mathematical Manipulations on the output which would in this case obviously be numerical. The operations could be doubling, squaring, adding.

3. Shifting or Interchanging positions of characters/alphabets/words etc., in the input according to questions e.g. ‘shift 1st character to last’ or ‘interchange 1st & last’ etc. 4. Others like making an alphabet capital, replacing alphabet by corresponding number etc. So, which out of these is being used can be decided as:  

If words (of the input) do not change in the output after an operation, the operations is either reordering or shifting. In this case check for rearrangement first, if it is not the operations performed then check for shifting next. If words (of the input) do change in the output, the operation is either Mathematical (if numbers are used) or fall into category of other operations (if alphanumeric data is used). 20

SBI PO Exam Study Package

SOLVED EXAMPLES 1. A computer rearranges a particular input using some operations 01, 02, 03, and 04. Input:

I have long waited for your arrival.

Step 01: Step 02: Step 03: Step 04:

arrival long have waited for your I long arrival waited have for I your Your waited arrival have for I long Waited your have arrival for long I

If step 4 gives “I know you will not come back” what step will have “you back I come not will know”? Solution: Since words remain unchanged here, so this is case of either rearrangement or shifting. So, let us number each word I = 1, have = 2, long = 3, waited = 4, for = 5, your = 6, arrival = 7 Input:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Step 01:

7

3

2

4

5

6

1

Step 02:

3

7

4

2

5

1

6

Step 03:

6

4

7

2

5

1

3

Step 04:

4

6

2

7

5

3

1

So, the logic being following is as follows:Step 01 = Swap 1st & last; 2nd & 3rd Step 02 = Swap 1st & 2nd, last two & 3rd and 4th Step 03 = Swap 1st & last, 2nd & 3rd. Step 04 = 1st & 2nd, last two, & 3rd and 4th. Since after two steps operations again repeat and hence you can guess the 5th, 6th, 7th steps. Step 04:

I know you will not come back

Step 05:

back you know will not come I

Step 06:

You back will know not I come

Step 07:

Come will back know not I you

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Step 08:

Will come know back not you I

Step 09:

I know come back not you will

Step 10:

Know I back come not will you

Step 11:

You back I come not will know

Hence step 11 is the answer. 2. Answer the question on basis of the information given below. Input:

36, 28, 16, 50, 45, 21, 70, 32

Step I:

70, 36, 28, 16, 50, 45, 21, 32

Step II:

70, 50, 36, 28, 16, 45, 21, 32

Step III:

70, 50, 45, 36, 28, 16, 21, 32

Step IV:

70, 50, 45, 36, 32, 28, 16, 21

Step V: 70, 50, 45, 36, 32, 28, 21, 16 I. a) b) c) d) II. a) b) c) d)

If input is 71, 89, 53, 32, 20; how many steps would machine take? 4 7 5 either 7 or 5 If input is 102, 72, 32, 48, 110; which would be the last step? 110, 102, 72, 48, 32 32, 48, 72, 102, 110 Cannot say None of these

Solution: It is obvious that machine arranges the number descending order: I. II.

Since we have 5 numbers, reordering them would require 4 steps, so machine would take 4 steps to complete. Answer is (a) Since descending order is required, (a) is the obvious choice.

Directions (Q. 3-6): Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions: A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and rearrangement. (All the numbers are two-digit numbers.) (IBPS CWE (PO/MT) 2012)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Input: tall 48 13 rise alt 99 76 32 wise jar high 28 56 barn Step I: 13 tall 48 rise 99 76 32 wise jar high 28 56 bam alt Step II: 28 13 tall 48 rise 99 76 32 wise jar high 56 alt barn Step III: 32 28 13 tall 48 rise 99 76 wise jar 56 alt barn high Step IV: 48 32 28 13 tall rise 99 76 wise 56 alt barn high jar Step V: 56 48 32 28 13 tall 99 76 wise alt barn high jar rise Step VI: 76 56 48 32 28 13 99 wise alt barn high jar rise tall Step VII: 99 76 56 48 32 28 13 alt barn high jar rise tall wise And Step VII is the last step of the above input, as the desired arrangement is obtained. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate step for the given input. Input: 84 why sit 14 32 not best ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 (All the numbers are two-digit numbers.) 3. Which step number is the following output? 32 27 14 84 why sit not 51 vain 92 68 feet best ink 1) Step V 2) Step VI 3) Step IV 4) Step III 5) There is no such step. Solution: The machine rearranges words and numbers in such a way that numbers are arranged from left side with the smallest number coming first and move subsequently so that in the last step numbers are arranged in descending order. While the words are arranged from right side as they appear in English alphabetical order. Input: 84 why sit 14 32 not best ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 Step I: 14 84 why sit 32 not ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 best Step II: 27 14 84 why sit 32 not ink 51 vain 68 92 best feet

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Step III: 32 27 14 84 whys it not 51 vain 68 92 best feet ink Step IV: 51 32 27 14 84 why sit vain 68 92 best feet ink not Step V: 68 51 32 27 14 84 why vain 92 best feet ink not sit Step VI: 84 68 51 32 27 14 why 92 best feet ink not sit vain Step VII: 92 68 84 51 32 27 14 best feet ink not sit vain why Ans. 5 4. Which word/number would be at 5th position from the right in Step V? 1) 14 2) 92 4) best 5) why Solution: The machine rearranges words and numbers in such a way that numbers are arranged from left side with the smallest number coming first and move subsequently so that in the last step numbers are arranged in descending order. While the words are arranged from right side as they appear in English alphabetical order. Input: 84 why sit 14 32 not best ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 Step I: 14 84 why sit 32 not ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 best Step II: 27 14 84 why sit 32 not ink 51 vain 68 92 best feet Step III: 32 27 14 84 whys it not 51 vain 68 92 best feet ink Step IV: 51 32 27 14 84 why sit vain 68 92 best feet ink not Step V: 68 51 32 27 14 84 why vain 92 best feet ink not sit Step VI: 84 68 51 32 27 14 why 92 best feet ink not sit vain Step VII: 92 68 84 51 32 27 14 best feet ink not sit vain why Ans. 4

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

5. How many elements (words or numbers) are there between 'feet' and '32' as they appear in the last step of the output? 1) One 2) Three 4) Five 5) Seven Solution: The machine rearranges words and numbers in such a way that numbers are arranged from left side with the smallest number coming first and move subsequently so that in the last step numbers are arranged in descending order. While the words are arranged from right side as they appear in English alphabetical order. Input: 84 why sit 14 32 not best ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 Step I: 14 84 why sit 32 not ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 best Step II: 27 14 84 why sit 32 not ink 51 vain 68 92 best feet Step III: 32 27 14 84 whys it not 51 vain 68 92 best feet ink Step IV: 51 32 27 14 84 why sit vain 68 92 best feet ink not Step V: 68 51 32 27 14 84 why vain 92 best feet ink not sit Step VI: 84 68 51 32 27 14 why 92 best feet ink not sit vain Step VII: 92 68 84 51 32 27 14 best feet ink not sit vain why Ans. 2; 27, 14 and best 6. Which of the following represents the position of ‘why' in the fourth step? 1) Eighth from the left 2) Fifth from the right 3) Sixth from the left 4) Fifth from the left 5) Seventh from the left

25

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution: The machine rearranges words and numbers in such a way that numbers are arranged from left side with the smallest number coming first and move subsequently so that in the last step numbers are arranged in descending order. While the words are arranged from right side as they appear in English alphabetical order. Input: 84 why sit 14 32 not best ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 Step I: 14 84 why sit 32 not ink feet 51 27 vain 68 92 best Step II: 27 14 84 why sit 32 not ink 51 vain 68 92 best feet Step III: 32 27 14 84 whys it not 51 vain 68 92 best feet ink Step IV: 51 32 27 14 84 why sit vain 68 92 best feet ink not Step V: 68 51 32 27 14 84 why vain 92 best feet ink not sit Step VI: 84 68 51 32 27 14 why 92 best feet ink not sit vain Step VII: 92 68 84 51 32 27 14 best feet ink not sit vain why 4. 3; Step IV: 51 32 27 14 84 why sit vain 68 92 best feet ink not The position of 'why' in this step is sixth from the left end. Directions (Q. 7-11): Study the following information to answer the given questions. A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule. The following is an il1ustration of input and rearrangement. (All the numbers are two-digit numbers.) (IBPS CWE PO/MT 2011) Input: sine 88 71 cos theta 14 56 gamma delta 26 Step I. cos sine 71 theta 14 56 gamma delta 26 88 Step II. delta cos sine theta 14 56 gamma 26 88 71 Step III. gamma delta cos sine theta 14 26 88 71 56 Step IV. sine gamma delta cos theta 14 88 71 56 26 Step V. theta sine gamma delta cos 88 71 56 26 14 Step V is the last step of the rearrangement. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the appropriate steps for the given input. 26

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Input for the questions: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 (All the numbers given in the arrangement are two-digit numbers.) 7. Which word/number would be at 8th position from the right in step IV? 1) 15 2) road 3) hut 4) jam 5) stop Solution: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 Step I. all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 96 Step II. bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 Step III. for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 Step IV. hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Step V. jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 Step VI. road jam hut for bus all 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 25 Step VII. stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 Step IV: hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Eighth from the right - road. Ans. 2; 8. Which step number would be the following output? bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 1) There will be no such step. 2) III 3) II 4) V 27

SBI PO Exam Study Package

5) VI Solution: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 Step I. all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 96 Step II. bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 Step III. for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 Step IV. hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Step V. jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 Step VI. road jam hut for bus all 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 25 Step VII. stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 Step IV: hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Eighth from the right - road. Ans. 3 9. Which of the following would be step VII? 1) stop road jam hut for bus all 15 96 73 52 46 38 25 2) road jam hut for bus all stop 15 25 38 46 52 73 96 3) stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 4) jam hut for bus all 25 road stop 15 96 73 52 46 38 5) There will be no such step. Solution: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 Step I. all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 96 Step II. bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 Step III. for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 Step IV. hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Step V. jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38

28

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Step VI. road jam hut for bus all 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 25 Step VII. stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 Step IV: hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Eighth from the right - road. Ans. 3 10. Which word/number would be at 6th position from the left in step V? 1) 25 2) stop 3) jam 4) all 5) road Solution: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 Step I. all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 96 Step II. bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 Step III. for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 Step IV. hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Step V. jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 Step VI. road jam hut for bus all 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 25 Step VII. stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 Step IV: hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Eighth from the right - road. Ans. 1; Step V: Jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 Sixth from the left is 25 11. Which of the following would be step III? 1) hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 2) for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut 38 stop 96 46 73 52 3) hut for bus all jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 25

29

SBI PO Exam Study Package

4) for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 5) None of these Solution: Input: for 52 all 96 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 Step I. all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut 73 bus stop 38 46 96 Step II. bus all for 52 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 Step III. for bus all 25 jam road 15 hut stop 38 46 96 73 52 Step IV. hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Step V. jam hut for bus all 25 road 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 Step VI. road jam hut for bus all 15 stop 96 73 52 46 38 25 Step VII. stop road jam hut for bus all 96 73 52 46 38 25 15 Step IV: hut for bus all 25 jam road 15 stop 38 96 73 52 46 Eighth from the right - road. Ans. 4

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 to 5): Refer to the following data, answer the question that follows a set of numbers when put through a machine comes out in a particular sequence. The table is given which has six steps. Study the table and answer the questions that follow: Input: 94

32

54

18

09

08

17

21

68

77

84

92

Step 1: 94

32

54

18

09

17

21

68

77

84

92

08

Step 2: 94

92

32

54

18

17

21

68

77

84

09

08

Step 3: 94

92

84

32

54

18

21

68

77

17

09

08

Step 4: 94

92

84

77

32

54

21

68

18

17

09

08

Step 5: 94

92

84

77

68

32

54

21

18

17

09

08

Step 6: 94

92

84

77

68

54

32

21

18

17

09

08

1. If two new numbers 30 and 22 are added to the sequence, then the position of number 32 with respect to 94 in the last step would be: (a) 7th (b) 9th (c) 10th (d) 8th (e) 6th 2. By putting the sequence given below in the same machine, what would be the third step in the sequence? Input: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

28

37

11

78

89

96

68

48

96 89 78 96 78 37 96 89 78 89 78 96 None of these

11 89 37 37

24 68 68 68

28 54 54 54

37 48 48 11

68 28 28 28

54 24 24 48

48 11 11 24

31

24

SBI PO Exam Study Package

54

3. For the sequence in above question what will be the 7th number from left? (a) 37 (b) 54 (c) 48 (d) 24 (e) None of these 4. What would be the middle term of the following sequence after final step? Input:

24

36

48

54

09

11

17

26

98

(a) 26 (b) 36 (c) 24 (d) 48 (e) none of these 5. For the sequence in above question, how many steps are involved to get the final arrangement? (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 (e) none of these Directions (Q. 6 to 10): The arrangements of given input will follow a particular logic. Understand this logic and solve the questions that follow. Input: 45

328

877

24

159

648

Step 1:

877

328

45

24

159

648

Step 2:

877

328

45

648

159

24

Step 3:

877

648

45

328

159

24

Step 4:

877

648

159

328

45

24

Output:

877

648

328

159

45

24

32

SBI PO Exam Study Package

6. Which of the following will be 2nd last result of the following input: Input: 92 87 153 234 645 (a) 92 153 87 234 645 (b) 87 92 153 234 645 (c) 645 92 153 234 87 (d) None of these (e) Can’t be determined 7. If the given result is 5th and final then what will be the input? Step 5: 334 224 114 84 64 (a) 224 114 84 64 4 334 (b) 114 224 84 4 64 334 (c) 334 224 4 84 64 114 (d) None of these (e) Can’t be determined 8. Which will be the last result of given input?

4

Input: 789 798 79 98 778 (a) 798 79 98 789 778 (b) 778 79 789 98 798 (c) 79 98 778 789 798 (d) 798 789 778 98 79 (e) None of these 9. Given result is first which will be the IIIrd result of input? Step 1: 656 224 170 589 264 (a) 656 224 589 170 264 (b) 224 656 589 170 264 (c) 264 170 589 656 224 (d) None of these (e) Can’t be determined 10. Following is the fourth result what will be the sixth? Step 4: 317 314 (a) 317 314 219 (b) 85 87 219 (c) 263 87 219 (d) None of these 33

263 263 263 85

219 87 314 314

87 85 317 317

85

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(e) Can’t be determined Directions for questions 11 to 15: A word arrangement, when rearranged by given input follows a particular logic behind it. Study that logic and answer the questions that follow. Input:

Blankets And Warm Quilts Help In Winter.

Step 1:

Winter Blankets And Warm Quilts Help In

Step 2:

Winter Warm Blankets And Quilts Help In

Step 3:

Winter Warm Quilts Blankets And Help In

Step 4:

Winter Warm Quilts In Blankets And Help

Output:

Winter Warm Quilts In Help Blankets And

11. Which of the following will be Step 2 for the given input? Input: “Life without success is boring” (a) Is life boring without success (b) Without life is boring success (c) Without success life is boring (d) Data insufficient (e) None of these 12. In the above question, how many steps are required to get the final output? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) None of these 13. If the following Step is 2nd for a certain input then what will be the fourth Step? Step-II: The success my is outcome of diligence. (a) My success is outcome of the diligence (b) The my success is outcome of diligence (c) Success is the outcome of my diligence (d) The success outcome of my is diligence (e) None of these

34

SBI PO Exam Study Package

14. Which of the following will be the last Step of given input? Input: “Never break your elders trust.” (a) Break never trust your elders (b) Trust your elders never break (c) Break your elders trust never (d) Can’t be determined (e) None of these 15. How many Steps will be required to get the final output in the above question? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) None of these Directions for questions 16 to 20: A word arrangement machine, when given an input line of words, rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and the steps rearrangement. Input:

Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To Access Bank

Step 1:

Access Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To Bank

Step 2:

Access Bank Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To

Step 3:

Access Bank Busy Guest forum to Thank Easter To

Step 4:

Access Bank Busy Easter Guest forum to Thank To

Step 5:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest to Thank To

Step 6:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest Thank to To

Step 7:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest Thank To to

35

SBI PO Exam Study Package

As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in the given questions the appropriate step for the given input. 16. Which of the following will be Step 4 for the given input? Input: Star Fast arise on water Heater attire (a) arise attire Fast Heater on water star (b) arise attire Fast Heater on star water (c) arise attire Fast Heater star on water (d) arise attire Heater Fast star on water (e) None of these 17. Which of the following steps will be the last but one? Input: The other stations on first target sorted (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) None of these 18. The Step II of an input is as follows: “are Dare persons to over that” Which of the following would definitely be the input? (a) Dare over persons to are that (b) Dare persons to are that over (c) Dare are persons to over that (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these 19. Which of the following steps would be: “an and every for peer to”? Input: every and peer to an for (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) None of these

36

SBI PO Exam Study Package

20. Which step number will be the last step of the above input? Input: Over Go Forum the at once (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (e) None of these Answers:1. (e) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (e) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (e) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (e) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (e) 19. (b) 20. (e)

37

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answer and Explanations Solutions to questions 1 to 5: The above questions can be solved using the following rules: Input: 94

32

54

18

09

08

17

21

68

77

84

92

Step 1: The smallest is found out and is put at the end. At the same time, the largest is found out and placed at the beginning of the series. 94

32

54

18

09

17

21

68

77

84

92

08

Step 2: leaving the ones that have been sent at the end of the sequence, step 1 is repeated till the series is in decreasing order. 94

92

32

54

18

17

21

68

77

84

09

08

Step 3: 94

92

84

32

54

18

21

68

77

17

09

08

Step 4: 94

92

84

77

32

54

21

68

18

17

09

08

Step 5: 94

92

84

77

68

32

54

21

18

17

09

08

Step 6: 94

92

84

77

68

54

32

21

18

17

09

08

Q1: Ans. (e) Final step would be the series in descending order. There is no need to go through all the steps. The last step after re-arranging will be: 94

92

84

77

68

54

32

30

22

21

18

Input: 24

28

37

11

78

89

96

68

48

54

Step 1:

96

24

28

37

78

89

68

48

54

Step 2: 96

89

28

37

78

68

48

54

24

11

Step 3:

96

89

78

37

68

48

54

28

24

17

Q2: Ans. (e)

38

SBI PO Exam 2014 eBook

11

11

09

08

Q3: Ans. (b) From above Q4: Ans. (a) Final step would be the series in descending order. There is no need to go through all the steps. The last step after re-arranging will be: 98

54

48

36

26

24

17

11

09

Input: 24

36

48

54

09

11

17

26

98

Step 1:

98

24

36

48

54

11

17

26

Step 2: 98

54

24

36

48

17

26

11

09

Step 3: 98

54

48

24

36

26

17

11

09

Step 4: 98

54

48

36

26

24

17

11

09

Q5: Ans. (b)

09

Solutions to questions 6 to 10: The above questions can be solved using the following rules: Input: 45

328

877

24

159

648

Step 1: The largest interchanges its position with the first one. 87745 877

328

Step 2: 877

45

24

159

648

The smallest interchanges its position with the last one. 24648 328

45

648

159

24

Step 3: Now the first and the last are left-out and steps 1 and 2 are repeated till the sequence is arranged in descending order. 648328 877

648

Step 4: 39

45

328

159

24

45159 SBI PO Exam Study Package

877

648

Step 5: 877

159

328

45

24

45

24

328159 648

328

159

(This is final output, as the series is now arranged in descending order.) Q6: Ans. (c) Input:

92

87

153

234

645

Step 1:

645

87

153

234

92

Step 2:

645

92

153

234

87

Step 3:

645

234

153

92

87

So the 2nd last will be Result 2. Q7: Ans. (e) Previous steps can’t be determined as we can’t assume the position of the number in previous results. Q8: Ans. (d) The answer can be easily found out by re-arranging the series in descending order. There is no need to go through all the steps. Q9: Ans (d) Step 1:

656

224

170

589

264

Step 2:

656

224

264

589

170

Step 3:

656

589

264

224

170

Q10: Ans. (e) Because 317 314 263 219 87 85 is already arranged in descending order.

40

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solutions to Questions 11 to 15: These questions are based on alphabetical reverse order like Z Y X W V U. In every step the lowest in alphabetical order is found out and put at the beginning. Input: Blankets And Warm Quilts Help In Winter. Step 1: Winter Blankets And Warm Quilts Help In Step 2: Winter Warm Blankets And Quilts Help In Step 3: Winter Warm Quilts Blankets And Help In Step 4: Winter Warm Quilts In Blankets And Help Step 5: Winter Warm Quilts In Help Blankets And

(This is the final step)

Q11: Ans. (c) Input: Life without success is boring Step 1:

Without life success is boring

Step 2:

Without success life is boring

(This is the final step)

Q12: Ans. (b) Q13: Ans. (d) Step 2: The success my is outcome of diligence. Step 3: The success outcome my is of diligence. Step 4: The success outcome of my is diligence. Q14: Ans. (e) In such type of problems direct rule follows that is to arrange the input in descending order. Last Step will be “Your trust never elders break” Q15: Ans (c) Input: Never break your elders trust. Step 1: Your never break elders trust Step 2: Your trust never break elders 41

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Step 3: Your trust never elders break Solution for questions 16 to 20 In the given arrangement, the words have been arranged alphabetically in a sequence, altering the position of only one word in each step. Input: Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To Access Bank Step 1:

Access Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To Bank

Step 2:

Access Bank Guest forum to Thank Busy Easter To

Step 3:

Access Bank Busy Guest forum to Thank Easter To

Step 4:

Access Bank Busy Easter Guest forum to Thank To

Step 5:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest to Thank To

Step 6:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest Thank to To

Step 7:

Access Bank Busy Easter forum Guest Thank To to

Q16:

Ans. (c)

Input: star Fast arise on water Heater at Step 1: arise star Fast on water Heater at Step 2: arise at star Fast on water Heater Step 3: arise at Fast star on water Heater Step 4: arise at Fast Heater star on water Q17:

Ans. (d)

Input: The other stations on first target sorted Step 1: first The other stations on target sorted Step 2: first on The other stations target sorted Step 3: first on other The stations target sorted Step 4: first on other stations The target sorted 42

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Step 5: first on other stations sorted The target Step 6: first on other stations sorted target The Clearly, Step 6 is the last step and 5 is the last but one (second last). Q18:

Ans. (e)

Clearly, none of the given input gives the desired output at Step 2 on rearrangement. Q19:

Ans. (b)

Input: every and peer to an for Step 1: an every and peer to for Step 2: an and every peer to for Step 3: an and every for peer to Q20:

Ans. (e)

Input: Over Go Forum the at once Step 1: at Over Go Forum the once Step 2: at Forum Over Go the once Step 3: at Forum Go Over the once Step 4: at Forum Go once Over the Since, all the words in the given input have been arranged alphabetically in Step 4, so it is the last step.

43

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Syllogism Introduction: In this unit we will study some useful concepts of Syllogism and questions which are generally asked in the SBI PO Exam. After analyzing previous year papers, it is clear that in the exam you can get 5 to 7 questions from Syllogism. Syllogism: The literal meaning of syllogism is ‘Conclusion’ or ‘inference’. The questions in the syllogism are in the form of statements (premises) followed by Conclusion (proposition) and the students are asked to find the correct conclusion on the basis of the statements. The general form of statements and conclusions in the syllogism is;  All As are Bs.  Some As are Bs.  No A is a B. The graphical representation of the statements 1. All As are Bs.

2. Some As are Bs.

3. No A is a B. Syllogism is mode of thinking in which one reasons from two statements or propositions, called premises to a third statement or a propositions called the conclusion. A premise is a statement that serves as the basis of the argument. Let us see some statements to elaborate the concept.

44

SBI PO Exam Study Package

1. All stars twinkle In this statement all the stars are twinkles, hence they should come under twinkles. So the representation will be as follows: T S

S = Stars, T = Twinkle 2. Some stars twinkle. As in this statement only some stars are twinkles, there should be two intersecting circles. So the representation will be as follows:

S

T

The shaded area represents the stars that twinkle. S = Stars, T = Twinkle 3. No stars twinkle As no stars twinkle, hence these two are independent of each other. So the representation will be as follows: S

T

S = Stars, T = Twinkle 4. Only stars twinkle In this case only stars twinkle, twinkle will come under stars. Nothing else can twinkle so twinkle will not have anything except starts intersecting with it. So the representation will be as follows:

T S

S = Stars, T = Twinkle

Let us now see some examples to understand this better. 45

SBI PO Exam Study Package

SOLVED EXAMPLES 1. Statements: 1. All trees are green. 2. Banyan is a tree. Solution) We will get the following diagrams from the above two statements. B T G

B = Banyan, T = Tree, G = Green,

As seen from the diagram, if all trees are green and Banyan is a tree. Banyan is included in the set of Greens and must be Green as well. 2. Statements: 1. some professors are serious peoples. 2. All serious people wear spectacles. Solution) We will get the following diagrams from the above two statements. Serious People Prof Proof

those who wear spectacles

Therefore some professors wear spectacles. Here the shaded area represents those professors who wear spectacles 3. Statements: 1. All dogs bark. 2. Tommy barks Solution) Here, Tommy is another element in the set of barking things and may not be a dog. The diagrammatic representation would be as follows:

46

SBI PO Exam Study Package

However, here we cannot conclude that Tommy is a dog. All we can conclude is that Tommy may or may not be a dog. 4. Statements I

:

All tomatoes are red.

Statements II

:

All grapes are tomatoes.

Conclusion I

:

All grapes are red.

Conclusion II

:

Some tomatoes are grapes.

Solution) The statements will give the following diagram: Red Tomatoes Grapes

When all tomatoes are red and all grapes are tomatoes, then all grapes are also red. When all grapes are tomatoes, then some tomatoes must be grapes. Therefore, both conclusions I and II are correct. 5. Statements I

47

: All rivers are mountains.

Statements II

:

Some rivers are deserts.

Conclusion I

:

Some mountains are deserts.

Conclusion II

:

Some deserts are not mountains.

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution) The statements will give the following diagram: Mountains Rivers

Mountains

Rivers

Deserts

Deserts

or When all rivers are mountains and some rivers are deserts, then some deserts may or may not be mountains. Therefore, only conclusion I follow.

Directions (Q.6-12): In each group of questions below are given two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two/three statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

if only conclusion I follows. if only conclusion II follows. if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows. if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows. if both conclusion I and conclusion II follow.

6. Statements: Some exams are tests. No exam is a question. Conclusions: I. No question is a test. II. Some tests are definitely not exams.

48

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution: Ans. 4; Some exams are tests → conversion → Some tests are exams (I) + No exam is a question (E) = I + E = O = Some tests are not questions. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows. 7. Statements: All forces are energies. All energies are powers. No power is heat. Conclusions: I. Some forces are definitely not powers. II. No heat is force. Solution: Ans. 2; All forces are energies (A) + All energies are powers (A) = A + A = A = All forces are powers (A) + No power is heat (E) = A + E = E = No force is heat → conversion → No heat is force. Hence, conclusion II follows but conclusion I does not follow. 8. Statements: All forces are energies. All energies are powers. No power is heat. Conclusions: I. No energy is heat. II. Some forces being heat is a possibility. Solution: Ans. 1; All energies are powers (A) + No power is heat (E) = A + E = E = No energy is heat. Hence, conclusion I follows. But, All forces are power (A) + No power is heat (E) = A + E = E = No force is heat. 49

SBI PO Exam Study Package

So, conclusion II does not follow. 9. Statements: No note is a coin. Some coins are metals. All plastics are notes. Conclusions: I. No coin is plastic. II. All plastics being metals is a possibility. Solution: Ans. 5; All plastics are notes (A) + No note is a coin (E) = A + E = E = No plastic is a coin → conversion → No coin is plastic. Hence, conclusion I follows. Again, No plastic is coin (E) + Some coins are metals (I) = E + I= O* = Some metals are not plastics. It means All plastics being metals is a possibility. 10. Statements: No note is a coin. Some coins are metals. All plastics are notes. Conclusions: I. No metal is plastic. II. All notes are plastics. Solution: Ans. 4; All plastics are notes (A) → conversion → Some notes are plastics. Hence, conclusion II does not follow. Again, All plastics are notes (A) + No note is a coin (E) = A + E = E = No plastic is a coin (E) + Some coins are metals (I) = E + I = O* = Some metals are not plastics. Hence, conclusion I does not follow. 50

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Thus neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows. 11. Statements: Some symbols are figures. All symbols are graphics. No graphic is a picture. Conclusions: I. Some graphics are figures. II. No symbol is a picture. Solution: Ans. 5; Some symbols are figures → conversion → Some figures are symbols (I) + All symbols are graphics (A) = I + A = I = Some figures are graphics → conversion → Some graphics are figures. Hence, conclusion I follows. Again, All symbols are graphics (A) + No graphic is a picture (E) = A + E = E = No symbol is a picture. Hence, conclusion II follows. Thus, both conclusion I and II follow. 12. Statements: All vacancies are jobs. Some jobs are occupations. Conclusions: I. All vacancies are occupations. II. All occupations being vacancies is a possibility. Solution: Ans. 2; All vacancies are jobs (A) + Some jobs are occupations (I) = A + I = No conclusion. Hence, I does not follow.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

All vacancies are jobs → conversion → Some jobs are vacancies (I) + Some jobs are occupation (I) = I + I = I = No conclusion However, All occupations being vacancies is a possibility. Thus, conclusion II follows. Directions (Q. 13-17): In each question below are given two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

if only conclusion I follows. if only conclusion II follows. if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows. if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows. if both conclusion I and conclusion II follow.

13. Statements: All gliders are parachutes. No parachute is an airplane. All airplanes are helicopters. Conclusions: I. No helicopter is a glider. II. All parachutes being helicopters is a possibility. Solution: Ans. 2; All gliders are parachutes + No parachute is an airplane = A + E = E = No glider is an airplane + All airplanes are helicopters = E + A = O* = Some helicopters are not gliders. Hence I does not follow. No parachute is an airplane + All airplanes are helicopter = E + A = 0* = Some helicopters are not parachutes. That leaves us with the possibility of II. 14. Statements: All gliders are parachutes. No parachute is an airplane.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

All airplanes are helicopters. Conclusions: I. No glider is an airplane. II. All gliders being helicopters is a possibility. Solution: Ans. 5; I follows (see above). Again, we get Some helicopters are not gliders. That leaves us with the possibility of II. 15. Statements: Some mails are chats. All updates are chats. Conclusions: I. All mails being updates is a possibility. II. No update is a mail. Solution: Ans. 1; There are not negative statements. 16. Statements: No stone is metal. Some metals are papers. All papers are glass. Conclusions: I. No glass is metal. II. At least some glasses are metals. Solution: Ans. 2; Some metals are papers + All papers are glass = I + A = I = Some metals are glasses → conversion → Some glasses are metals (I).

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

17. Statements: No stone is metal. Some metals are papers. All papers are glass. Conclusions: I. All stones being glass is a possibility. II. No stone is paper. Solution: Ans. 1; No stone is metal + Some metals are glasses = E + I = 0* = Some glasses are not stones. That still leaves us with the possibility in conclusion I. No stone is metal + Some metals are papers = E + I = 0* = Some papers are not stones. Hence II does not follow.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE EXAMPLES Direction (Q. 1 – 10): In each questions below there are two/three statements followed by two conclusions I and II. Assuming both the statements true, you have to decide which of the two conclusions logically follows the statements. Give your answer (a) If only conclusion I follows. (b) If only conclusion II follows. (c) If either conclusion I or conclusion II follows. (d) If neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows. (e) If both conclusion I and conclusion II follow. 1. Statements:

Some pens are pencils. Some pencils are books.

Conclusions:

I. Some pens are books. II. All books are pens.

2. Statements:

All bottles are bags. All bags are buses.

Conclusions:

I. Some bags are bottles. II. All bags are bottles.

3. Statements:

All pens are pencils. No pencil is a book.

Conclusions:

I. Some books are pens. II. Some pencils are pens.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

4.

Statements: Some cups are plates. No plates are bottle.

Conclusions:

I. Some bottles are cups II. No bottle is a cup.

5. Statements:

All cups are plates. All Plates are bottles.

Conclusions:

I. Some bottles are cups. II. Some plates are bottles.

6. Statements:

No plane is a river. No river is a mountain.

Conclusions:

I. Some mountains are planes. II. No mountain is a plane.

7. Statements:

No plane is a river. All rivers are mountains. All planes are cities.

Conclusions:

I. No plane is a mountain. II. Some rivers are cities.

8. Statements:

Some planes are rivers. Some rivers are mountains. Some mountains are cities.

Conclusions:

I. Some planes are mountains. II. Some rivers are cities.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

9. Statements:

All planes are rivers. All rivers are mountains. No mountain is a city.

Conclusions:

I. Some cities are rivers. II. Some mountains are planes.

10. Statements:

Some planes are rivers. Some rivers are mountains. No mountain is a city.

Conclusions:

I. Some cities are planes. II. No city is a plane.

11. Statement:

Some planes are rivers. No river is a mountain. No mountain is a city.

Conclusion:

I. Some cities are rivers. II. No city is a river.

Answers: 1. (d)

3. (b)

5. (e)

7. (d)

9. (b)

2. (a)

4. (c)

6. (c)

8. (d)

10. (c)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Explanations: 1. The diagram;

2. The diagram;

3. The diagram;

4. The diagram;

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SBI PO Exam 2014 eBook

6. The diagram;

7. The diagram can be;

10. The diagram;

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Data Sufficiency Introduction: In the SBI PO exam you can get 5 to 7 questions from data sufficiency test. In this type of questions the candidates are required to find out whether a questions can be answered or not with the help of the given data. Here, we will practice few questions of Data Sufficiency Test Data sufficiency questions are associated more with quantitative ability. These questions require maximum clarity of understanding. In DS question we need to decide whether the data given is sufficient to answer the question or not. Each problem consists of a question followed by two statement I and II. We have to determine whether the information given by the statements is sufficient to answer the question with this we should also rely on our knowledge of mathematics and ordinary facts. These are the five option generally provided in the question paper: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question. Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question. Either statement I or II alone is sufficient to answer the question. Both the statement together are necessary to answer the question. Neither statement I nor II is sufficient to answer the question

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Flow chart for solving DS questions:

Tricks: To solve DS questions we should go through the following tricks 1. The given data should provide the unique answer only, then it will be considered as valid. 2. But the unique answer does not mean that it cannot have two different answers from two different statements separately. 3. The statement which simply states a mathematics formula is not sufficient to answer the question. 4. The data is not sufficient if a statement only repeats the information given in the question. 5. Each statement should be treated as a separate statement. The statement I can give us something useful and then may be the same information is given in statement II with some variation, what we generally do is we dump the statement II thinking that we already have the information in statement I and we do not need the statement II. But there is also an option that either of the two statements alone can solve the question. So solve both the statement separately. 6. There is an option that either of the two statements alone can solve the question. Do not choose this option just because one statement is helpful. We positively need both the statement. 7. Do not forget to try both the statement together. In a big rush we often eliminate choice (a) because statement I does not work. Then we eliminate (b) as statement II

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

does not work. And then immediately we mark the option that state that neither of the statement is sufficient. We forget that there is a choice that state both the statement together is necessary to solve the question. 8. As soon as we come to know that the data is sufficient to answer the question, stop. Do not try to solve these DS problems till the end as the section is called data sufficiency not problem solving. Example 1. The remainder when x is divided by 30 is? I. X is a multiple of 3. II. X is a multiple of 7 Solution: (e) Neither statement I and II a one nor taken together can give us the remainder as in this case remainder will vary with the value of x.

Example 2. The average of 3 consecutive odd integers is? I. One of the integer is -1 II. The sum of two of the integers is 4 Solution: (d) From statement I, we get a-2

a

a+2

-1

1

3

-3

-1

1

-5

-3

-1

So we cannot find the average from statement I only. Using only II we can say that the numbers are -1, 1-, 3 or 1, 3, 5 Using both the only possibility is -1, 1, 3 and hence the average can be find out

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Example 3. How many students appeared for the examination? I. The passed students are only 40%. II. The pass percentage would have been 42% if 10 more students passed the exam. Solution: (d) Let the total number of student appeared in the exam be x Statement I gives the information of passed student i.e 40%. Statement II is also not complete alone. 40𝑥

42𝑥

If both the statement are combined together we get , 100 + 10 = 100 ⟹

2𝑥 100

= 10 ⟹ 𝑥 = 500

Hence x can be calculated.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions: Each question is followed by two statements 'I' and 'II'. Mark your answer as (a) If the question can be answered with the help of statement 'I' alone. (b) If the question can be answered with the help of statement `II' alone. (c) If the question can be answered with the help of both the statements together but not with the help of either statement alone. (d) If the question cannot be answered even with the help of both the statements taken together or separately. (e) If the question can be answered with the help of either the statement ‘I’ or the statement ‘II’. 1. How far is town A from town B? Town C is 15 km west of town A. I.

It is 10 km from town B to town C.

II.

There is a canal between town A and town B.

2. Adi had an average score of 85 in three tests. What was the Adi's lowest score? I.

Adi's highest score was 95.

II.

The average of Adi's two highest scores was 92.

3. A shopkeeper sold an article for Rs. 100. How much profit did he earn? I.

20% profit would have been earned if it were sold for Rs.90.

II.

The profit was one-third of the purchase price.

4. What is Suman’s age today? I.

Today, Suman’s age is five times her son’s present age.

II.

Two years hence, Suman’s age will be three times her daughter’s age at that time.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

5. Which is costlier – a cup of sweetened corn or a bottle of beer? I.

Sweetened corns are sold at 4 cups for a Rs. 100.

II.

Two bottles of beer can be exchanged for 4 cups of corn.

6. Esha opened a savings account that gives simple annual interest by depositing Rs. 750. What was the annual rate of interest? I.

The bank does not charge for service and she made no transactions for the first 3 years.

II.

Three years later her savings were Rs. 999

7. A city doubles its population every 5 years. How long will it take to increase its population by 3,600 from its present size? I.

In 1972 the population was 475.

II.

The present population is 900.

8. How many students appeared for the examination? I.

Only 50% of students passed the examination.

II.

If 10 more students passed, the pass percentage would have been 51%.

9. The ratio of milk to water in a mixture is 5 : 1. How many litres of water should be added to make the ratio 5 : 3? I. II.

The amount of water to be added is one third of the original mixture. The ratio of half the amount of milk to the amount of water in the original mixture is 5 : 2. 10. What is the speed of the boat in still water? I.

It takes 2 hours to travel from A to B downstream.

II.

It takes 4 hours to travel B to A upstream.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

11. Sandhya’s house is 40km away from Delhi. How long does the round trip from home to delhi and back? I. II.

Sandhya travelled at a uniform rate of 30km/hr for the whole trip. If Sandhya travelled 10km/hr faster, then it would have taken her three fourths of the time for the whole trip.

Answers: 1. (d)

4. (d)

7. (b)

10. (d)

2. (b)

5. (b)

8. (c)

11. (c)

3. (c)

6. (c)

9. (d)

Explanations: 1. Ans. Given:

C

A

15 km

From the first statement, we realise that the distance between town B and town C is 10km; but the direction is not known.

B 10 km C

10 km C

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15 km

A

B

15 km

A

SBI PO Exam Study Package

B 10 km C

15 km

A

From second statement nothing is known about the direction. Thus the question cannot be answered using the given statements. Option (d) 2. Ans. Let the lowest score be 𝑙, the highest be ℎ, and the middle one be 𝑚 Then, 𝑙+𝑚+ℎ = 85 3 ⇒ 𝑙 + 𝑚 + ℎ = 85 × 3 = 255 Statement I: 𝑙 = 95 ⇒ 𝑚 + ℎ = 255 − 95 = 160 Thus statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: 𝑚+ℎ = 92 2 ⇒ 𝑚 + ℎ = 92 × 2 = 184 Also, 𝑙 + 𝑚 + ℎ = 85 × 3 = 255 Thus, 𝑙 = 255 − 𝑚 + ℎ = 255 − 184 = 71 Thus Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question. Option (b)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

3. Ans. S.P. = Rs. 100. Statement I: When S.P. = Rs. 90, Gain = 20%.  100



 90 = Rs. 75.  C.P. = Rs.   120

Now, (C.P. = Rs. 75 and S.P. = Rs. 100)  Profit = Rs. 25.

Thus, statement I alone gives the answer. Statement II: Let the C.P. be Rs. x. Then, gain = Rs.

x . 3

x  4x  S.P. = Rs.  x   = Rs. . 3

3

Thus,

4x  3  100  = 100  x   = 75 ; so C.P. = Rs. 75.  4  3

Thus, statement II alone also gives the answer. Option (c) 4. Ans. Statement I: Today, Suman’s age = 5 × (Her son’s age). Thus statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: Two years hence, Suman’s age = 3 x (her daughter’s age)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Thus statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question Clearly, data even in I and II is not sufficient to get Suman’s present age. Option (d) 5. Ans. Statement I: A cup of corn costs Rs. 100/4 = Rs. 25. The rate of a bottle of beer is unknown so comparison cannot be made. Thus statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: 2 x (bottle of beer) = 4 x (Cup of corn) Bottle of beer = 2 x (Cup of corn) Thus a bottle of beer is costlier than a cup of corn. Thus statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question Option (b) 6. Ans. Statement I: Statement I indicates that the amount deposited initially remained unchanged for 3 years. It does not talk about anything else. Thus statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: It indicates the amount accumulated at the end of 3 years. Here we are not sure if any transaction was made during the three years or not. Thus statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question. Clearly, data in I and II is sufficient to answer the question as shown below: 69

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Total interest in three years = 999-750 = 249 Interest per year = 249/3 = 83 Annual Rate of interest = 83/750 = 11.06% (It should be noted here that the actual rate need not be calculated to answer this question) Option (c) 7. Ans. Statement I: Statement I is of no use since present year/population is not mentioned. Thus statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: Present population is 900 Population after 5 years = 1800 Population after 10 years = 3600 Thus, the answer is 10 years. Thus statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question. Option (b) 8. Ans. Let the total number of students that appeared in the examination be x. Statement I: No of passed students = 50% of x = 0.5x Thus, statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: Let the passed number of students be p.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

P + 10 = 51% of x Thus statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question. Statement I and II together: 0.5x + 10 = 0.51x 0.01x = 10 X = 1000 Option (c) 9. Ans. Since the volume is not given in any of the statements, the question cannot be solved using both the information together. Option (d) 10. Ans. Let the distance between A and B be D km and the speed of the boat and current in still water be x km/hr and y km/hr, respectively. Statement I: D = (x–y) 2 Thus, statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question Statement II: D = (x–y) 4 Thus statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question. Statement I and II together: Even if we combine both statements, we cannot find out the answer, because we have two equations and three variables. Option (d)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

11. Ans. Let the speed of Sandhya be x km/hr. Time for round trip = 80/x Statement I: x = 30km/hr Time = 80/30 hrs. Thus, statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question Statement II: If speed = x + 10 Then, time = ¾ of 80/x = 60/x Also, distance = 40km i.e. (x + 10) (60/x) = 40 From this equation x can be found out, and so can be time. Thus statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question. Option (c)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Coding-Decoding Introduction: In this unit, we will study about the different types of coding-decoding problems. In the SBI PO Exam this chapter consists of 5 to 7 questions. So this unit needs good practice so that the students can be familiar with each and every type of questions which can be asked. Coding: Coding is a process by which certain information is written into another form of information on the basis of certain principles. Decoding: Decoding is use to infer the right information from the coded information. For Example, In a certain code language, BOOK is written as 2151511. In the same language how PEN be written? Answer:- In the above example the letters of BOOK is coded on the basis of their position in the English alphabet. The letters B=2, O = 15, K = 11. In the same way we can encode PEN as 16514. Coding Decoding test is to judge a candidate’s ability to decipher the code language. Coding is the process of converting a word into another language by using letters and numbers while decoding is to convert the coded value back into the normal language. In each question of this topic a word and coded form of the word will be given to the student. A student will required to decode the logic behind this coding and then apply the logic to another given word to find the answer in form of a code. English alphabets and their corresponding number values helps the candidate to increase the performance in this area. The position of the letter in the English Alphabet is considered to be the value of the alphabet in questions on letter series. Also, when we are counting from A to Z, we again start with A, i.e. we treat the letters as being cyclic in nature. While attempting the letter series one should know the value of each of the alphabet as Alphabets in natural series are: A B C D E F G H I

J

K

L

M N

O P

Q R

S

T

U V

W X

Y

Z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 5

1 7

1 9

2 0

2 1

2 3

2 5

2 6

1 4

1 6

1 8

The Word EJOTY is very helpful in finding the position of the alphabet as

E 5

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J 10

O 15

T 20

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Y 25

2 2

2 4

For example, if we want to find the position of the alphabet ‘S’, then as we know that ‘T’ is 20, so ‘S’ is 20 - 1 = 19. Also, we can find the position of an alphabet from the end by subtracting its value from 27. For example, the position of D from the end is 27 – 4 = 23. The pattern below is very useful to find many types of question in Alphabet Series when we write the last 13 alphabets in front of the first 13 alphabets of the English:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Z

Y

X

W

V

U

T

S

R

Q

P

O

N

The questions on coding and decoding are basically of three types as given below. I.

LETTER TO LETTER

1. In a certain code ‘SHIMLA’ is written as ‘RGHLKZ, how will PATNA be coded then? a) OZTMZ b) OZSMZ c) QBUMB d) OZTZM Sol: Each letter is coded as the letter previous to it, i.e. S = R, H = G, I = H, M = L, L = K, A = Z. PATNA will become OZSMZ. Hence the answer is (b). 2. If CEJQ is coded as XVQJ, then BDIP will be coded as : a) WURQ Sol:

b) YWRK

c) WUPI

d) YWPI

The first 13 letters of the alphabet are coded by the 13 letters of the alphabet in reverse, i.e. = A B C D E F G H I J K L M (first 13 letters) = Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N (13 letters in reverse) It is obvious from the above coding scheme that : B = Y, D = W, I = R and K = P or P = K Therefore, B D I P will be coded as Y W R K. So, the answer is (b).

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

II. LETTER TO NUMBER 3. If LODES is coded as 46321, how will you code the word DOES? a) 1234 Sol:

b) 4321

c) 3621

d) 3261

Here, you will observe that all the letters of DOES are included in the letters of LODES, for which you have the code D = 3, O = 6, E = 2, S = 1. Therefore DOES = 3621. So, the answer is (d).

4. DAZE is written as 41265 in a certain code. How will BOY be written in the same code? a) 41425

b) 5120

c) 21525

d) 359

Sol: In this question the position of each alphabet is given like D is 4 , Z is 26 etc. So the Code of BOY will be 21525 as B is 2, O is 15 and Y is 25. So, the answer is (c) III. MISCALLANEOUS TYPES 5. In a certain code ‘415’ means ‘milk is hot’; ‘18’ means ‘hot soup’; and ‘895’ means ‘soup is tasty’. What number will indicate the word ‘tasty’? a) 9 Sol:

b) 8

c) 5

d) 4

The code for ‘hot’ is 1.So, the code of ‘soup’ is 8. Now the code of ‘is’ is 5. Hence we can say that the code of ‘tasty’ is 9. So, the answer is (a)

6. If ‘black’ is called ‘pink’, ‘pink’ is called ‘blue’, ’blue’ is called ‘brown’, ‘brown’ is called ‘orange’, ‘orange’ is called ‘violet’, ‘ violet’ is called ‘red’ and ‘red’ is called ‘black’, what is the colour of blood ? a) black Sol:

b) brown

c) pink

d) orange

As the colour of blood is red and red is called black in the given coded language. So the colour of blood is black in the given coded language. So the answer is (a)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE EXAMPLES 1. If in a certain language, PAPER is written as OZODQ. Which word would be written as RZKD? (a) SEAL (b) SALE (c) SELL (d) SKIP (e) None of these 2. If in a certain language, MANIPULATION is written as NOITALUPINAM. Which word would be written as ERUTCURTS? (a) STRUCTURE (b) FRACTURE (c) MANUFECTURE (d) LECTURE (e) None of these 3. If in a certain language, TRIANGLE is written as SSHBMHKF. In the same language, COUNTRY is written as: (a) BPVOSSX (b) DNVMUQZ (c) BPTOSSX (d) DNVNVQ (e) None of these 4. In a certain language, TRY is coded as ABC and SHAPE is coded as DEFGH. How can THREE be coded in the same language? (a) ABEHH (b) BAEFH (c) AECHF (d) AEBHH (e) None of these 5. In a certain code language, ANGLE is coded as IJKMN and STRIKE is coded as OPQRSN. How can TRIANGLE be coded in the same language? (a) PQRQJJMN (b) PQMNROJJ (c) POMNROJJ (d) PQRIJKMN (e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

6. In a certain code language, BRAIN is coded as ZYXWV and CREATE is coded as UYTXST. How can CERTAIN be written in the same language? (a) UTYSXWV (b) UTYSVWX (c) UTYSXVW (d) UTYVWXS (e) None of these 7. If in a certain code language, TEACHER is coded as klmnolp. How can EARTH be coded in the same language? (a) lmpok (b) lmpko (c) lmkop (d) lmokp (e) None of these 8. If OUGHT is coded as ABCDE in a certain language. How can TOUGH be coded in the same language? (a) ABCDE (b) BCDEA (c) CDEAB (d) EABCD (e) None of these 9. If BITER is coded as KLMNO in a certain language. How can TRIBE be coded in the same language? (a) MOLNK (b) MOLKN (c) MOKLN (d) MOKNL (e) None of these 10. If GROWN is coded as ABCDE in a certain code language. How can WRONG be coded in the same language? (a) DBACE (b) DBAEC (c) DBCAE (d) DBCEA (e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

11. If F = 6, CAT = 24, then WORD = ? (a) 59 (b) 60 (c) 61 (d) 62 (e) None of these 12. If DOG is coded as 4157, then how would BLUE be coded? (a) 212215 (b) 213215 (c) 212125 (d) 212521 (e) None of these 13. If EDUCATION is coded as 2F5D1V34P, then how can EQUAL be coded? (a) 2R15M (b) 2RM15 (c) 2R51M (d) 2R5M1 (e) None of these 14. If N = 16, FAN = 27, then FRANCE = ? (a) 56 (b) 57 (c) 58 (d) 59 (e) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers:1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c)

4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (a)

7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b)

10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (a)

13. (c) 14. (d)

Answer Hints:1. (b) The every letters has been decreased by one in the code according to the English alphabet. 2. (a) The letters are written in the reversed order. 3. (c) In the code, the letters at odd places is decreased by one and the letters at even places is increased by one according to the English alphabet. 4. (d) Here, the code for T = A, R = B, Y = C, S = D, H = E, A = F, P = G, and E = H. therefore the code for THREE is AEBHH. 5. (d) Here, the code for A = I, N = J, G = K, L = M, E = N, S = O, T = P, R = Q, I = R and K = S. Therefore the code for TRIANGLE is PQRIJKMN. 6. (a) Here, the code for B = Z, R = Y, A = X, I = W, N = V, C = U and T = S. Therefore the code for CERTAIN is UTYSXWV. 7. (b) Here, the code for T = k, E = l, A = m, C = n, H = o and R = p. Therefore the code for EARTH is lmpko. 11. (b) Here, F = 6, CAT = 3 + 1 + 20 = 24. Therefore, WORD = 23 + 15 + 18 + 4 = 60. 14. (d) Here, N =(14 + 2), FAN = (6 + 2) +(1 + 2) + (14 + 2), Therefore, FRANCE = (6 + 2) + (18 + 2) + (1 + 2) + (14 + 2) + (3 + 2) + (5 + 2) = 59.

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Coded Relations Introduction: In this unit we will study about the questions of coded relation. In the SBI PO Exam, there can be 5 questions from this section. With practice the candidates can solve all the five questions from this section very easily. Solving the questions from Coded-Relation involves these steps 

Convert the coded relation value in the mathematical relations. Generally these relations are; ‘’ ‘≥’ ‘=’



Place the mathematical relation in the statement of each statement and conclusion.



And answer the conclusion which follows the respective statement.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 10): in the following questions, the symbols @, #, $, © and % are used with different meanings as follows:     

P @ Q means “P is not smaller than Q”. P # Q means “P is not greater than Q”. P $ Q means “P is neither greater than nor equal to Q”. P © Q means “P is neither smaller than nor equal to Q”. P % Q means “P is neither greater than nor smaller than Q”.

Now in each of the following questions assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the two conclusions I and II given below them is/are definitely true. Give answer (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

If only conclusion I is true. If only conclusion II is true. If either conclusion I or II is true. If neither conclusion I nor II is true. If conclusions I and II both are true.

1. Statement: Conclusions:

A @ B, B © C, C % D I. A @ D II. D % B

2. Statement: Conclusions:

A # B, B © C, C @ D I. A @ C II. B © C

3. Statement: Conclusions:

A @ B, B @ C, C @ D I. D # B II. C % A

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4. Statement: Conclusions:

A @ B, B © C, C # D I. A © C II. B % D

5. Statement: Conclusions:

A © B, B % C, C $ D I. A © C II. B $ D

6. Statement: Conclusions:

A @ B, B @ C, C # D I. A © C II. A % C

7. Statement: Conclusions:

A $ B, B # C, C % D I. D % B II. A # C

8. Statements: Conclusions:

A $ B, B @ C, C # D I. C © A II. B % D

9. Statement: Conclusions:

A # B, B $ C, C @ D I. B % D II. C © A

10. Statement: Conclusions:

A $ B, B # C, C $ D I. C © A II. B $ D

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers:1. (d) 2. (b)

3. (a) 4. (a)

5. (e) 6. (c)

7. (d) 8. (d)

Answer Hints: 1. (d) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≥ B > C = D. 2. (b) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≤ B > C ≥ D. 3. (a) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≥ B ≥ C ≥ D. 4. (a) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≥ B > C ≤ D. 5. (e) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A > B = C < D. 6. (c) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≥ B ≥ C ≤ D. 7. (d) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A < B ≤ C = D. 8. (d) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A < B ≥ C ≤ D. 9. (b) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A ≤ B < C ≥ D. 10. (e) The coded relation of A, B, C and D in the statement is; A < B ≤ C < D.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

9. (b) 10. (e)

Digits/Symbols & Codes Introduction: When you will go through the questions of previous exams conducted by State Bank of India you will find that the examining authorities have asked five questions from Digits/Symbols & Codes. These questions are relatively easy and require less time to be solved but at the same time these questions require very good concentration otherwise you can mark a wrong answer because the answer options are very close to the right answer. Here, we will do few exercise of solving these questions. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 10): In each question below, a group of digits/symbols is given followed by four combinations of letters options (a), (b), (c) and (d). You have to find out which of the combination is the correct code on the following coding system and the conditions that follow. If none of the four correctly represents the group of digits/symbols, mark (e), i.e. “None of these” as the answer. Digits/Symbols

7

9

5

#

4

&

3

*

1

8

$

2

0

@

6

%

Letter Codes

K

L

O

P

W

R

T

E

X

M

N

B

Z

Y

S

D

Conditions: i.

If the first unit in the group is an even digit and the last unit is a symbol both these are to be coded as the code for the symbol. ii. If the first unit in the group is an odd digit and the last unit is even digit, there codes are to be interchanged. iii. If both the first and the last units are symbols both these are to be coded as ‘A’. 1. 53&8% (a) OTRDM (b) OTRMD (c) DTRMO (d) DTROM (e) None of these 84

SBI PO Exam Study Package

2. 84#7* (a) MWPKE (b) MWPEK (c) EWPKM (d) EWPKE (e) None of these 3. #560& (a) POSZR (b) ROSZP (c) AOSZA (d) AOSZR (e) None of these 4. 2@9%3 (a) BYLDT (b) TYLDB (c) AYLDA (d) TYLDT (e) None of these 5. 1$7&8 (a) XNKRM (b) ANKRA (c) MNKRM (d) XNKRX (e) None of these 6. 9#*%5 (a) LPEDO (b) OPEDO (c) OPEDL (d) APEDA (e) None of these 7. &4%58 (a) MWDOM (b) RWDOM (c) AWDOM (d) AWDOA (e) None of these 85

SBI PO Exam Study Package

8. 7#2$6 (a) KPBNS (b) SPBNS (c) SPBNK (d) APBNA (e) None of these 9. 4#78* (a) WPKME (b) EPKMW (c) EPKWM (d) APKWA (e) None of these 10. 2%0@6 (a) SDZYB (b) SDZYS (c) ADZYA (d) BDZYS (e) None of these Answers:1. (b) 2. (d)

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3. (c) 4. (a)

5. (e) 6. (a)

7. (b) 8. (c)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

9. (e) 10. (d)

Strengthening and Weakening Arguments Introduction: In the State Bank of India Probationary Exam you can find questions which will be dealing with statements and arguments which can be strengthening or weakening in their nature. The numbers of questions of these types are generally 5. Here, we will practice few questions which are very similar to the questions which can be asked in the exam. In this topic a statement based on areas, such as, society, politics, economy, law is given followed by two arguments - one in favor and one against it. Candidate is required to identify a STRONG and a WEAK argument. The arguments given in the question are contrary to each other and present a positive and a negative result of the statement. A strong argument is the one, which is directly related to the issue presented in the statement and its relevance is clearly seen, while the weak argument is the one which is not directly related to the statement is unnecessarily linked to it and contains superfluous data. The candidate is required to read and infer the statement to further read the arguments and judge which one is directly related to the issue raised in the statement. In such type of questions, a statement is followed by two arguments Candidates are required to distinguish between these two arguments and find out which one is strong. An argument may be strong in the following condition ─ 1. A strong argument should give the real diagnosis of the situations described in the statement. 2. A strong argument should be directly related with the statement and should be supported by facts. 3. A strong argument should not be mere repetition of the situations given in the statement. No argument should be based on abstracts, such as, emotion, feeling etc., because a weak argument is very ambiguous to judge. Example 1) Statement ─ Will Rita get a second class in the examination? Argument ─ Yes, she always stands second. Explanation) If she always stands second, it does not mean that she will come second this year also. Hence, we can say that this argument is not strong. Example 2) Statement ─ Should there be student union’s elections in college/university? Argument ─ No. This will create a political atmosphere in the campus. 87

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Explanation) we are aware that such elections in colleges or universities will certainly create some political atmosphere in the campus. Hence, we can say that this argument is strong. Example 3) Statement ─ Should prohibition on alcohol be banned? Argument ─ Yes, Prohibition on alcohol should be banned. Explanation) This argument is merely repetition of the statement. Hence, this is not a strong argument. Example 4) Statement ─ Should luxury hotels be banned in India? Argument ─ Yes, these are the places from where international criminals operate. Explanation) The luxury hotels are symbol of country’s standard and places for staying for affluent foreign tourists and it cannot be stayed with confirmation that the criminals always stay there. Hence, this is not a strong argument. Example 5) Statement ─ Should State Government ban on Lottery? Argument ─ Yes, to spend money aimlessly is not a proper thing. Explanation) ─It is not clear that the money is being spent on lottery or on other things. In addition, use of the word aimlessly makes the argument ambiguous. Hence, it is not a strong argument. Example 6) Statement ─ Should we encourage computerizations? Argument ─ Yes, America is also doing this. Explanation) Any argument cannot be taken with the context of a person, incident of a country or some examples. We cannot say that just because America is doing something then India shall also be doing it. Hence, it is not a strong argument. Example 7) Statement ─ Will the political activities go on this year? Argument ─ Yes, many of the newspapers endorse the statement. Explanation) if the newspaper write this, it does not mean that the political activities will go on. Hence, it is not a strong argument.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 20): Each of the following questions consists of a statement followed by two arguments I and II. Give answer as (a) If only argument I is strong; (b) If only argument II is strong; (c) If either I or II is strong; (d) If neither I nor II is strong and (e) If both I and II are strong. 1. Statement: Should foreign films be banned in India? Arguments: I. Yes. They depict a culture which adversely affects the Indian value system. II. No. Foreign films are of a high artistic standard. 2. Statement: Should the government jobs be offered only to the wards of government employees? Arguments: I. No. It denies opportunity to many deserving individuals and government may lose in the long run. II. No. It is against the principle of equality of all. 3. Statement: Should young entrepreneurs be encouraged? Arguments: I. Yes. They will help in industrial development of the country. II. Yes. They will reduce the burden on employment market. 4. Statement: Should the sex determination test during pregnancy be completely banned Arguments: I. Yes. This leads to indiscriminate female foeticide. II. No. People have a right to know about their unborn child. 5. Statement: Should government jobs in rural areas have more incentives? Arguments: I. Yes. Incentives are essential for attracting government servants there. II. No. Rural areas are already cheaper, healthier and less complex than big cities. So, why offer extra incentives!

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6. Statement: Should there be only one rate of interest for term deposits of varying durations in banks? Arguments: I. No. People will refrain from keeping money for longer duration resulting into reduction of liquidity level of banks. II. Yes. This will be much simple for the common people and they may be encouraged to keep more money in banks. 7. Statement: Should government stop spending money on international sports? Arguments: I. Yes. This money can be utilized for upliftment of the poor. II. No. Sports persons will be frustrated and will not get international exposure. 8. Statement: Should officers accepting bribe be punished? Arguments: I. No. Certain circumstances may have compelled them to take bribe. II. Yes. They should honestly do their duty. 9. Statement: Should India become a permanent member of UN's Security Council? Arguments: I. Yes. India has emerged as a country which loves peace and amity. II. No. Let us first solve problems of our own people like poverty, malnutrition and then think of other nations. 10. Statement: Should income tax be abolished in India? Arguments: I. Yes. It is an unnecessary burden on the wage earners. II. No. It is a good source of revenue for the government. 11. Statement: Should fashionable dresses be banned? Arguments: I. Yes. Fashions keep changing and hence consumption of cloth increases. II. No. Fashionable clothes are a person's self expression and therefore his/her fundamental right.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

12. Statement: Should cottage industries be encouraged in rural areas? Arguments: I. Yes. Rural people are creative. II. Yes. This would help to solve the problem of unemployment to some extent. 13. Statement: Should a health warning essentially appear on cigarette packs? Arguments: I. Yes. It is a sort of brainwash to make the smokers realize that they are inhaling poisonous stuff. II. No. It hampers the enjoyment of smoking. 14. Statement: Is paying ransom or agreeing to the conditions of kidnappers of political figures, a proper course of action? Arguments: I. Yes. The victims must be saved at all cost. II. No. It encourages the kidnappers to continue their sinister activities. 15. Statement: Should the vehicles that have been running for more than 15 years be rejected in India? Arguments: I. Yes. This is a significant step to lower down the pollution level. II. No. It will be very difficult for vehicle owners to shift to other parts of world because they will not get suitable job for their very I existence. 16. Statement: Should children be legally made responsible to take care of their parents during their old age? Arguments: I. Yes. Such matter can only be solved by legal means. II. Yes. Only this will bring some relief to poor parents. 17. Statement: Should India support all the international policies of United States of America? Arguments: I. No. Many other powerful countries do not support the same. II. Yes. This is the only way to gain access to USA developmental funds.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

18. Statement: Should all the drugs patented and manufactured in Western, countries be first tried out on sample basis before giving license for sale to general public in India? Arguments: I. Yes. Many such drugs require different doses and duration for Indian population and hence it is necessary. II. No. This is not feasible and hence cannot be implemented. 19. Statement: Should so much money be spent on advertisements? Arguments: I. Yes. It is essential in a capitalist economy. II. No. It leads to wastage of resources. 20. Statement: Should jobs be linked with academic degrees and diplomas? Arguments: I. No. A very large number of persons with average academic qualifications will apply. II. No. Importance of higher education will be diminished. Answers:1. (d)

5. (a)

9. (a)

13. (a)

17. (d)

2. (e)

6. (a)

10. (b)

14. (e)

18. (a)

3. (e)

7. (b)

11. (b)

15. (a)

19. (a)

4. (a)

8. (b)

12. (b)

16. (d)

20. (b)

Answer and Explanations: 1. Ans. (d) clearly, foreign films depict the alien culture but this only helps in learning more. So, argument I does not hold. Also, the reason stated in argument II is not strong enough in contradicting the ban. So, it also does not hold. 2. Ans. (e) Merit, fair selection and equal opportunities for all - these three factors, if taken care of, can help government recruit competent officials and also fulfill the objectives of the Constitution. Thus, both the arguments hold strong. 3. Ans. (e) clearly, encouraging the young entrepreneurs will open up the field for the establishment of new industries. Thus, it shall help in industrial development and not only

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

employ the entrepreneurs but create more job opportunities for others as well. So, both the arguments hold strong. 4. Ans. (a) Parents indulging in sex determination of their unborn child generally do so as they want to keep only a boy child and do away with a girl child. So, argument I hold. Also, people have a right, to know only about the health, development and general well-being of the child before its birth, and not the sex. So, argument II does not hold strong. 5. Ans. (a) clearly, government jobs in rural areas are underlined with several difficulties. In lieu of these, extra incentives are needed. So, only argument I holds strong. 6. Ans. (a) clearly, the proposed scheme would discourage people from keeping deposits for longer durations (the rate of interest being the same for short durations) and not draw in more funds. So, only argument I holds. 7. Ans. (b) clearly, spending money on sports cannot be avoided merely because it can be spent on socio-economic problems. So, argument I does not hold. Also, if the expenses on sports are curtailed, the sports persons would face lack of facilities and training and our country will lag behind in the international sports competitions. So, II holds. 8. Ans. (b) clearly, officers are paid duly for the jobs they do. So, they must do it honestly. Thus, argument II alone holds. 9. Ans. (a) a peace-loving nation like India can well join an international forum which seeks to bring different nations on friendly terms with each other. So, argument I holds strong. Argument II highlights a different aspect. The internal problems\of a nation should not debar it from strengthening international ties. So, argument II is vague. 10. Ans. (b) Income -tax is levied so that every citizen can contribute a share of his earning towards the infrastructural development of the nation. So, argument I seems to be vague. However, income-tax is no doubt a good source of revenue for the government. Hence, argument II holds strong. 11. Ans. (b) clearly, imposing ban on fashionable dresses will be a restriction on the personal choice and hence the right to freedom of an individual. So, only argument II is strong. 12. Ans. (b) clearly, cottage industries need to be promoted to create more job opportunities for rural people in the villages themselves. The reason that rural people are creative is vague. So, only argument Il holds.

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13. Ans. (a) clearly, such words on cigarette packs would warn the smokers beforehand of its adverse effects. So, argument I holds strong. However, smoking is a bad habit with' longterm health hazards and is no means of enjoyment. So, argument II is vague. 14. Ans. (e) both the arguments are strong enough. The conditions have to be agreed to, in order to save the life of the victims, though actually they ought not to be agreed to, as they encourage the sinister activities of the kidnappers. 15. Ans. (a) clearly, 15 year old vehicles are not Euro-compliant and hence cause much more pollution than the recent ones. So, argument I holds. Argument II is vague since owners of these vehicles need not shift themselves. They might sell off their vehicles and buy new ones — a small price which every citizen can afford for a healthy environment. 16. Ans. (d) Taking care of the parents is a moral duty of the children and cannot be thrust upon them legally, nor can such a compulsion ensure good care of the old people. So, none of the arguments holds strong. 17. Ans. (d) our country cannot support USA's policies blindly without analysis, just to gain monetary help. Also, we should not withdraw our support without considering the policies, just because some other nations have done so. So, none of the arguments holds strong. 18. Ans. (a) clearly, health of the citizens is an issue of major concern for the Government. So, a product like drugs must be first studied and tested in the Indian context before giving license for its sale. So, only argument I holds strong. 19. Ans. (a) clearly, the advertisements are the means to introduce people with the product and its advantages. So, argument I holds strong. But argument II is vague because advertisements are an investment for better gain and not wastage. 20. Ans. (b) clearly, delinking jobs with degrees will diminish the need for higher education as many of them pursue such education for jobs. So, only argument II is strong.

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Courses of Action Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, the questions on Courses of Action are asked to judge the Applicable knowledge of a candidate. These questions are related to decision making situations in which you have to suggest the most suitable and correct action which will be required in a given situation. Here, we will practice few questions from the topic. Evaluating courses of action is an important area of logical reasoning. In these types of questions a situation is given in the form of a statement and some courses of action are suggested in the context of given situation. Generally there are two types of relationship between the given situation and suggested courses of action. 1. Problem – Solution relationship: - where the given statement talks about a problem and the suggested courses of action talk about solutions. Example: Statement: Malaria and Typhoid are on rise in Delhi. Courses of action: I. Government must increase the number of doctors and medical facilities as soon as possible II. Government must take necessary steps to clean Delhi. Solution: Here both the courses of action should be undertaken because by increasing the number of doctors and medical facilities the government can control the rise of Malaria and Typhoid and it is also a practical solution. The second course of action is also a practical solution because the city must be cleaned for controlling such type of diseases.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

2. Fact – Improvement relationship: - where the given statement talks about the fact and suggested courses of action talk about the ways of improvement. Example: Statement: Courts take too long in deciding important disputes of various departments. Courses of action: I. Courts should be ordered to speed up matters. II. Special powers should be granted to officers to settle disputes concerning their department. Solution: Here it is clear that, either the work in the court needs to be speeded up or the system should be reorganized so that the number of problems can be resolved at the lower levels itself and this will provide the speedy justice to the people. Therefore both the courses should follow. There are two types of questions that could be asked in Bank PO Examination. Type I: - Based on two courses of action In these types of questions, a statement is followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. The candidate is required to analyze the problem or policy mentioned in the statement and then decides which of the courses of action logically follows. Directions (Example 1-2): In each of the questions given below is a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the given information given in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow (s). Give your answers as: (a) If only I follows (b) If only II follows (c) If either I or II follows (d) If neither I nor II follows (e) If both I and II follows Example 1: Statement: A group of college students was reported to be enjoying at a picnic spot during college hours.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Courses of action: I. The principal of the college should contact the parents of those students and inform them with a real warning for future. II. Some disciplinary action must be taken against those students for the awareness of all the other students. Solution: (e) Students who bunk the classes should be punished so that the other students will not do the same. Also their parents should be well informed about these kinds of activities. Therefore both the courses should follow. Example 2: Statement: Every year, at the beginning or at the end of the monsoons, we have some cases of conjunctivitis, but this year, it seems to be a major epidemic, witnessed after nearly three years. Courses of action: I. Precautionary measures should be taken after every three years to check this epidemic. II. People should be advised to drink boiled water during rainy season. Solution: (b) Since this disease occurs at the end of monsoon season every year. So, precautionary measures every year can work. But the second course of action shall be a preventive measure. So, only course II follow. Type II: Based on Three courses of action In these types of questions, a statement is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. The candidate is required to analyze the problem or policy mentioned in the statement and then decides which of the courses of action logically follows. Example 3: In this question a statement is given which is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the given information in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow (s). Statement: The Company R has rejected first lot of values supplied by Company S and has cancelled its entire huge order quoting use of inferior quality material and poor craftsmanship. Courses of action: 97

SBI PO Exam Study Package

I. II. III.

The Company S needs to investigate functioning of its purchase, production and quality control departments. The Company S should inspect all the valves rejected by Company R. The Company S should inform Company R that steps have been taken for improvement and renegotiate schedule of supply.

Give your answer as: (a) Only I and II follow (b) Only II follows (c) II, and either I or III follow (d) None of these Solution: (a) Company S should inspect the rejected valves to ensure if they are really sub - standard. If they are not up to the mark then company A should scrutinize its working thoroughly and remove its lacking.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 to 20): In each question below given is a statement followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. Assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the information given in the statement, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow. Mark your answer as: (a) if only I follows; (b) if only II follows, (c) if either I or II follows; (d) if neither I nor II follows and (e) if both I and II follow. 1. Most of the development plans in the country develop in papers only. I.

The in-charges should be instructed to supervise the field-work regularly.

II.

The supply of, paper to such departments should be cut short.

2. The Central Bureau of Investigation receives the complaint of an officer taking bribe to do the duty he is supposed to. I.

CBI should try to catch the officer red-handed and then take a strict action against him.

II.

CBI should wait for some more complaints about the officer to be sure about the matter.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

3. Due to substantial reduction in fares by different airline services, large numbers of passengers so far travelling by upper classes in trains have switched over to airline services. I.

The railways should immediately reduce the fare structure of the upper classes substantially to retain its passengers.

II.

The railways should reduce the capacity of upper classes in all the trains to avoid loss.

4. The availability of imported fruits has increased in the indigenous market and so the demand for indigenous fruits has been decreased. I.

To help the indigenous producers of fruits, the Government should impose high import duty on these fruits, even if these are not of good quality.

II.

The fruit vendors should stop selling imported fruits so that the demand for indigenous fruits would be increased.

5. A large number of engineering graduates in the country are not in a position to have gainful employment at present and the number of such engineers is likely to grow in the future. I.

The government should launch attractive employment generation schemes and encourage these graduates to opt for such schemes to use their expertise and knowledge effectively.

II.

This happened due to proliferation of engineering colleges in the country and thereby lowered the quality of the engineering graduates. Those colleges which are not equipped to impart quality education should be closed down.

6. A large number of people in ward X of the city are diagnosed to be suffering from a fatal malaria type. I.

The city municipal authority should take immediate steps to carry out extensive fumigation in ward X.

II.

The people in the area should be advised to take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

7. There have been many instances of derailment of trains due to landslide in the hilly areas which caused loss of many lives. I.

The railway authority should arrange to deploy pilot engines before the movement of passenger trains in the hilly areas to alert the trains in case of any landslide. 100

SBI PO Exam Study Package

II.

The railway authority should strengthen the hill slopes by putting iron meshes so that the loose boulders do not fall on the track.

8. Footpaths of a busy road are crowded with vendors selling cheap items. I.

The help of police should be sought to drive them away.

II.

Some space should be provided to them where they can earn their bread without blocking footpaths.

9. It is necessary to adopt suitable measures to prevent repetition of bad debts by learning from the past experiences of mounting non- performing assets of banks. I.

Before granting loan to customers their eligibility for loan should be evaluated strictly.

II.

To ensure the payment of installments of loan, the work, for which loan was granted, should be supervised minutely on regular basis.

10. The sale of a particular product has gone down considerably causing great concern to the company. I.

The company should make a proper study of rival products in the market.

II.

The price of the product should be reduced and quality improved.

11. Exporters in the capital are alleging that commercial banks are violating a Reserve Bank of India directive to operate a post shipment export credit denominated in foreign currency at international rates from January this year. I.

The officers concerned in the commercial banks are to be suspended.

II.

The RBI should be asked to stop giving such directives to commercial banks.

12. The police department has come under a cloud with recent revelations that at least two senior police officials are suspected to have been involved in the illegal sale of a large quantity of weapons from the state police armory. I.

A thorough investigation should be ordered by the State Government to bring out all those who are involved into the illegal sale of arms.

II.

State police armoury should be kept under Central Government's control.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

13. Every year large number of devotees die due to severe cold on their way to the shrine located at the top of the mountain range. I.

The devotees should be discouraged to visit the shrine without having proper warm clothes and other amenities.

II.

The government should provide warm clothes and shelter to all the devotees visiting the shrine.

14. It is reported that though Vitamin E present in fresh fruits and vegetables is beneficial for human body, capsuled Vitamin E does not have the same effect on human body. I.

The sale of capsuled Vitamin E should be banned.

II.

People should be encouraged to take fresh fruits and vegetables to meet the body's requirement of Vitamin E.

15. A large number of people visiting India from country X have been tested positive for carrying viruses of a killer disease. I.

The government of India should immediately put a complete ban on people coming to India from country X including those Indians who are settled in country X.

II.

The government of India should immediately set up detection centres at all its airports and seaports to identify and quarantine those who are tested positive.

16. The Minister said that the teachers are still not familiarized with the need, importance and meaning of population education in the higher education system. They are not even clearly aware about their role and responsibilities in the population education program. I.

Population education programme should be included in the college curriculum.

II.

Orientation programme should be conducted for teachers on population education.

17. Mr. X, an active member of the Union, often insults his superiors in the office with his rude behavior. I.

He should be transferred to some other department.

II.

The matter should be referred to the Union.

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18. As stated in the recent census report the female to male ratio is alarmingly low. I.

The government should conduct another census to verify the results.

II.

The government should immediately issue orders to all the departments to encourage people to improve the ratio.

19. There has been large number of cases of internet hacking in the recent months creating panic among the internet users. I.

The government machinery should make an all out effort to nab those who are responsible and put them behind bars.

II.

The internet users should be advised to stay away from using internet till the culprits are caught.

20. Some serious blunders were detected in the Accounts section of a factory. I.

An efficient team of auditors should be appointed to check the Accounts.

II.

A show cause notice should be issued to all the employees involved in the irregularity.

Answers:1. (a)

5. (b)

9. (e)

13. (a)

17. (d)

2. (a)

6. (e)

10. (a)

14. (b)

18. (b)

3. (a)

7. (c)

11. (d)

15. (b)

19. (a)

4. (d)

8. (e)

12. (a)

16. (b)

20. (e)

Answer and Explanations: 1. Ans. (a) clearly, proper supervision alone can see the development in practice. So, only course I follows. 2. Ans. (a) clearly, one complaint is enough for a wrong doing. This should be confirmed by catching the guilty red-handed and then strict action taken against him. So, only course I follows. 3. Ans. (a) Airlines, being convenient and faster means of transport, people would surely prefer it to the railways if there is a marginal difference between the fares. Hence, a 103

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considerable gap between the two fares is a must for the railways. So, course I follows. Following course II would reduce the volume of passengers. Hence, II does not follow. 4. Ans. (d) the ideas suggested in both I and II represent unfair means to cut competition. The correct way would be to devise methods and techniques such that the indigenous producers could produce better quality fruits and make them available in the market at prices comparable with those of the imported ones. Hence, neither I nor II follows. 5. Ans. (b) the emphasis should be not on the Government putting all the engineering graduates to jobs but on the colleges producing not 'degree-holders' but real technical minds which could compete well for gainful employment. So, only course II follows. 6. Ans. (e) clearly, prevention from mosquitoes and elimination of mosquitoes are two ways to prevent malaria. So, both the courses follow. 7. Ans. (c) clearly, either something should be done to alert the trains well in advance in case of a landslide or some means should be adopted to prevent blockage of tracks during landslides. Thus, either I or II follows. 8. Ans. (e) crowding on footpaths is a great inconvenience for walkers. So, stern action needs to be taken to remove the vendors. But at the same time these people ought to be provided alternative means of livelihood. So, both the courses follow. 9. Ans. (e) to ensure that debts taken are repaid promptly, the customers' requirements and future prospects ought to be studied and their work constantly checked. Thus, both the courses follow. 10. Ans. (a) clearly, a study of rival products in the market will help assess the cause for the lowering down of sales and then a suitable action can be taken. Thus, only I follows. 11. Ans. (d) the statement mentions that the commercial banks violate a directive issued by the RBI. The remedy is only to make the banks implement the Act. So, none of the courses follows. 12. Ans. (a) clearly, the situation demands finding out the real culprits first. So, only I follows. 13. Ans. (a) clearly, the problem can be solved by warning the devotees of the excessive cold at the shrine. So, only I follows.

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14. Ans. (b) the statement implies that capsule Vitamin E does not function so effectively as natural Vitamin E. Since no negative effect of capsule Vitamin E is mentioned, so I does not follow. Hence, only II follows. 15. Ans. (b) clearly, the non-infected persons should not be debarred from visiting India. So, only course II follows. 16. Ans. (b) clearly, the statement stresses on teachers' lack of awareness and knowledge in population education and as such the best remedy would be to guide them in this field through orientation programs. So, only course II follows. 17. Ans. (d) clearly, the only remedy is to somehow attempt to change the habit. If transferred, the habit will create problem elsewhere. Also, it is no legal complaint to be referred to the Union. So, neither of the courses follow. 18. Ans. (b) a census is always conducted with the utmost precision, leaving chances of only negligible differences. So, I does not follow. Further, the ratio can be improved by creating awareness among the masses and abolishing female foeticide. Thus, only course II follows. 19. Ans. (a) clearly, internet users should not suffer on account of certain individuals who indulge in internet hacking. However, such wrong-doers ought to be penalised so that there are no hassles in the use of internet. So, only course I follows. 20. Ans. (e) clearly, the situation demands that the faults in Accounts be properly worked out and the persons involved be interrogated about the matter. So, both the courses follow.

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Cause and Effect Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions based on the Cause and Effect relationship and the candidates are asked to identify the relationship. These type of questions are asked to test the candidate’s analytical skill. Here, we will practice few questions on the Cause and Effect relationship. The cause is the event that makes the other occur and the effect is the event that follows from the cause. The questions based on the cause and effect reasoning are basically designed to analyze the candidate’s ability to understand a pair of statements and to correlate them in terms of cause and effect. The following solved examples will help you to get a clear understanding of this question type. Directions (Q.1-2): In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer accordingly. Give your answer as: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ex.1

If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect. If statement II is the cause and statement I is the effect. If both the statements I and II are independent causes. If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes. If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause. I. There is unprecedented increase in the number of young unemployed in comparison to the previous year. II. A large number of candidates submitted applications against an advertisement for the post of manager issued by bank.

Solution: (a) There is a huge increase in the number of unemployed young people, so that a large number of candidates is applying for a single post. Ex.2

I. The private Engineering colleges have increased the tuition fees in the current year by 100% over the last year’s fees to meet the expenses. II. The Government Engineering Colleges have not increased their fees in spite of price escalation.

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Solution: (c) There is no change in the fees of the Government Engineering colleges, but the increase in the fees of the private engineering colleges seems to be policy matters undertaken by the individual decisive boards at the two levels. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions: Below in each question are given two statements (I) and (II). These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect. If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect. If both the statements I and II are independent causes. If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes. If both the statements I and II are effects of some common causes.

1. I.

Many schools in the district are closed down this year.

II.

Severe draught situation gripped the state resulting into acute shortage of drinking water.

I.

A ban on the use of plastic products has been imposed.

II.

Small scale units producing plastic products are on the verge of closure.

I.

Police had launched a crackdown on all the criminal activities in the locality last month.

II.

There has been a significant decline in the cases of criminal activities in the locality.

I.

A large number of devotees visited the shrine on Sunday.

II.

Every Sunday special prayers are offered.

2.

3.

4.

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5. I.

The government has empowered the Village Panchayats to settle cases of land disputes in the villages.

II.

There has been significant reduction in the number of criminal cases in the district court.

I.

The average day temperature of Delhi has increased by about 2°C in the current year over the average of last 10 years.

II.

More people living in rural areas of the state have started migrating to the urban areas in comparison to earlier years.

I.

Many shopkeepers have closed their shops for the second continuous day.

II.

Two groups of people have been fighting with each other with bricks and stones and forcing people to stay indoors.

I.

The Govt has decided to increase the prices of LPG gas cylinders with immediate effect.

II.

The govt has decided to increase the price of petrol and diesel with immediate effect.

I.

A cyclone is expected to hit the coastal areas within next 24 hours.

II.

Warning has been issued that heavy rains are expected in the coastal areas in the next 24 hours.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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10. I.

A majority of the first year students failed in Mathematics.

II.

The management has terminated the service of the contractual mathematics teacher.

I.

Taliban is now trying to capture other areas, after its success in Swat valley.

II.

Pakistan government is decided to fight against the Taliban.

I.

There was a huge rush of people to the temple on 15th and 16th of the month.

II.

The temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17th of the month.

I.

Large number of people living in the low lying areas has been evacuated during the last few days to safer places.

II.

The Government has rushed in relief supplies to the people living in low lying areas.

I.

The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.

II.

The small banks in the private and co-operative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector.

I.

The prices of petrol and diesel in the domestic market have remained unchanged for the past few months.

II.

The crude oil prices in the International market have gone up substantially in the last few months.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

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16. I.

The performance of Indian sports persons in the recent Olympics could not reach the level of expectation the country had on them.

II.

The performance of Indian sports person in the last Asian games was far better than any previous games.

I.

The university officers have decided to conduct last examination every year in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time.

II.

In past, the result was declared late by the University due to the lack of number of examiners.

I.

The State Government has announced special tax package for the new industries to be set-up in the State.

II.

Last year the State Government had hiked the taxes for all industrial activities in the State.

I.

The government has allowed private airline companies in India to operate to overseas destinations.

II.

The national air carrier has increased its flights to overseas destinations.

I.

The Government has imported large quantities of groundnut from other countries.

II.

The price of groundnut in the domestic market has fallen sharply.

17.

18.

19.

20.

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Answers:1. (d)

5. (d)

9. (a)

13. (e)

17. (b)

2. (a)

6. (d)

10. (a)

14. (b)

18. (b)

3. (a)

7. (b)

11. (a)

15. (c)

19. (a)

4. (b)

8. (e)

12. (b)

16. (e)

20. (a)

Answers and Explanations: 1. Ans. (d) there is no relation between schools and draught and drinking water. Both the statements are the effects of independent causes. 2. Ans. (a) clearly, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect. 3. Ans. (a) clearly, decline in criminal activity is the result of Police activity. 4. Ans. (b) devotees visited shrine on Sunday because special prayers are offered every Sunday. 5. Ans. (d) there cases of land are civil cases, and village panchayats have been empowered to settle civil cases; and there is no link between civil and criminal cases. Both statements are independent effects. 6. Ans. (d) the increase in temp is due to some reason say climate change or pollution but that has no link to migration of people. They might be migrating because of n number of reasons poverty, jobs, social issues, disease… So clearly I & II are effects whose causes are independent. 7. Ans. (b) clearly because of chaos the shopkeeper have been forced to stay indoors and cannot open shops. So the cause is the conflict and effect is closing of shops. 8. Ans. (e) Govt has decided to raise the price of LPG, Diesel and Petrol also but reason is not given here but surely the reason will be same because they all belong to same category – i.e. fuels. 9. Ans. (a) Cyclone is expected to hit the coastal region so warning has been issued that there might be heavy rains.

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10. Ans. (a) since all the students failed, the Management no longer wanted this teacher, so it terminated its services. Again Because of statement I(cause), statement II was taken into action (effect). 11. Ans. (a) clearly, Pakistan’s action (Effect) is a result of Taliban’s activity (Cause). 12. Ans. (b) since the temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17th of the month, hence, there was a huge rush of people to the temple on 15 th & 16th of the month. 13. Ans. (e) clearly, both the statements are effects of some common cause. 14. Ans. (b) as, the small banks in the private and co-operation sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector, therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country. 15. Ans. (c) clearly, both are independent causes. 16. Ans. (e) both the statements are effects of some common cause as both are talking of performance of Indian Sports Persons. 17. Ans. (b) since in the past the result was declared late by university, it has decided to conduct the examination in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time. 18. Ans. (b) due to hike of taxes last year, the State Government has announced special tax package the new industries to be set up in the State. 19. Ans. (a) when private airlines will operate overseas, the frequency of national flights to overseas destinations will increase. 20. Ans. (a) since the Government has imported large quantities of groundnut, its price has fallen.

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Non Verbal Reasoning The purpose of non-verbal reasoning is to measure the reasoning power of candidates. In non verbal reasoning, instead of words and numbers, diagrams are used for expressing ideas. Non-verbal reasoning involves the ability to understand and analyze visual information and solve problems using visual reasoning. For example: identifying relationships, similarities and differences between shapes and patterns, recognizing visual sequences and relationships between objects. To be successful in a non-verbal reasoning test one will need to: 1. See how objects relate to each other 2. Apply logical deduction skills 3. Understand concepts such as symmetry and rotation Each question will usually have a sequence of 3 – 5 shapes and one is required to find the shape that best completes the sequence. There are numerous elements in each non verbal reasoning question such as the outline shape, the fill, the direction of the shape. The shape may rotate, be inverted, have different layers, increase or decrease in size. Some also require basic counting skills. Non-verbal reasoning requires good spatial awareness and it is a skill that some humans will have naturally. For those who don’t posses it can learn good technique by being highly disciplined and systematic, isolating each element of the sequence or pattern in turn in order to rule out the options one-by-one You should carefully study the explanations and examples. Then you should do the practice test. The best method for increasing your speed and accuracy, is to do more and more practice tests within the allowed time. Non-verbal reasoning is classified into three groups as 1. Series 2. Analogies 3. Odd Man Out Series In this, the problems are based on continuation of figures. There is a sequence of figures depicting a change step by step. One has to choose one of the figure from the answer set which will continue the same sequence. 113

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The questions on series are further classified as follows:  Finding the next figure based questions.  Finding the missing figure based questions. Type 1 : Finding the next figure based questions. In these questions, five problem figures followed by answer figures are given. By observing the pattern followed by the problem figures, one of the answer figure which continues the same pattern has to be chosen as the answer. Type 2 : Finding the missing figure based questions. These question are almost same as the previous type, but in these questions one of the five problem figures is not given. From the answer figures we have to choose the one which along with the other problem figures can form a logical series. Example 1) In the following question what will come in place of the question mark so that the figures are in series.

Solution) The figures become half and become detached in the alternative figures. Hence the question make will be replaced by two rectangles aligned horizontally and at a distance from each other. Example 2) The figures given in the following questions follow a series. Out of the figures A, B, C and D which will replace the question mark so that the series is continued?

Solution) In each figure the 3 lines rotate by 45 degrees in the clockwise direction. Hence (D) will be the correct answer figure.

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Example 3) The figures given in the following questions follow a series. Out of the figures A, B, C and D which will replace the question mark so that the series is continued?

Solution) In each next figure the already presents lines start to deplete with the figures at their end being deleted. Also a new line is added with titled lined at its ends. The titled lines increase in each figure. Hence, the correct answer should be option (A). Analogies Analogy means ‘relationship’. In the problems on analogy, a pair of related figures is given and a similar relationship is to be found between two other figures by selecting one of them from the set of answer figures. The questions on analogy are further classified as follow:  Four figure based questions  Finding a similar pair based questions Type 1 : Four figure based questions These questions contain two pairs of problem figures followed by five answer figures. Among the two figures in the second pair of problem figures one is not given. An answer figure should be chosen in such a way that a relation between the two figures of the second problem pair is established, which is similar to the relationship existing between the two figures of the first pair of the problem figures. Type 2 : Finding a similar pair based questions These questions contain a pair of problem figures, followed by five pairs of answer figures. The answer pair which has a relationship between its two figures, which is similar to the relationship existing between the two figures of the problem pair, should be chosen as the answer. Example 1) In the following question the two figures on the left of ‘::’ follow a relationship. Which figure should replace the ‘?’ so the figures on the right of ‘::’ should follow the same relationship?

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Solution) The first figure has a triangle inside a square. In the figure 2 the square comes inside the triangle, also the square is placed at the center of the triangle. Similarly in the 3 rd figure, the triangle is given inside a pentagon. So in figure 4, the pentagon should be inside the triangle and also the triangle should be exactly at the center of the triangle. Hence option (b) is the correct answer. Example 2) In the following question the two figures on the left of ‘::’ follow a relationship. Which figure should replace the ‘?’ so the figures on the right of ‘::’ should follow the same relationship?

Solution) The first figure has 3 petals out of which only the middle petal is lined and only 1 strobe is present. In figure two the flower rotates by 180 0 and the number of strobes double. Similarly in the third figure there are 3 petals out of which only 1 is lined and there is only 1 strobe present. So, in figure four we will have 1800 rotated version of figure three and number of strobes will be 2. Hence the correct answer is (a), as the strobes don’t change their positions. Example 3) In the following question the two figures on the left of ‘::’ follow a relationship. Which figure should replace the ‘?’ so the figures on the right of ‘::’ should follow the same relationship?

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Solution) The first figure has a square outside and a circle inside it. While the figure 2 has the circle outside and the square inside. While in figure three there is a hexagon outside and a square inside, so figure four should have a square outside and the hexagon inside. While the line containing z in figure 1 now becomes a water + mirror image in figure two. So the line with c in figure 3 will become water + mirror image in figure 4. Hence, the answer will be option (c). Odd one Out In the problems of Odd one out, a set of figures are given where all except one have similar features. So, one has to find that figure which differs from the other figures. Example 1) In the following question four figures have been shown. Out of the four, three figures are similar while one is different in some manner. Find the odd one out.

Solution) In each of the above figures the two arrows point in different directions while in figure (B), the arrows point in the same direction. Hence figure (B) is odd one out. Example 2) In the following question four figures have been shown. Out of the four, three figures are similar while one is different in some manner. Find the odd one out.

Solution) In each of the above figures the shaded part is aligned to x – axis or is horizontal, except in figure (A) where the shaded part is vertical or aligned to y – axis. Hence figure (A) is odd one out.

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Example 3) In the following question four figures have been shown. Out of the four, three figures are similar while one is different in some manner. Find the odd one out.

Solution) In each of the above figures there are 3 different symbols being shown except in figure (C) where 4 different symbols are being shown. Hence figure (C) is odd one out.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions (Q.1-5): In each of the questions given below which of the five Answer Figures on the right should come after the Problem Figures on the left, if the sequence were continued? (IBPS CWE PO/MT-2012) 1. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution:

Ans. (2) 2.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution:

Ans. (2) 3. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Ans. (2) 4.

Solution:

Ans. (3) 120

SBI PO Exam Study Package

5. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution:

Ans. (1) All elements rotates 900 CW and next picture's elements rotates 1350 Cw. Same as I → 2 then 5 → 6. Directions (Q.6-10): In each of the following questions below, the figures follow a series/sequence. one and only one out of the five figures does not fit in the series/sequence. 6. The number of that figure is you answer.

Solution: Fourth and fifth elements interchange their positions and first element shifts to third place and pushes both the elements in upper side But 3 → 4 figure is not So Ans. (4)

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7.

Solution: Arrow rotates 450 ACW, 900 ACW then again 450 ACW and again 900 CW. Then the sequence is not followed. Ans. (5) 8.

Ans.(5) 9.

10. Ans. (5)

Ans. (3) Directions (Q.11-15): The first figure in the first unit of the Problem Figures bears a certain relationship to the second figure. Similarly, one of the figures in the Answer Figures bears the same relationship to the second figure in the second unit of the Problem Figures. You are, therefore, to locate the figure which would fit in the question mark. (IBPS CWE PO (PO/MT)2011) 122

SBI PO Exam Study Package

11. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: From fig II to I: The upper and the left element rotate by 90° ACW and go to right and upper respectively while one of their heads gets inverted. The lower element rotates 90° CW and goes to the left. The left element also rotates by 90° CW, one of its head gets inverted and goes to lower position. Ans. (1) 12. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Ans. (3) 13.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution: From fig II to I: The upper and middle elements are encircled by the middle and lower elements respectively. The lower element gets enlarged in its place and a clone of the upper element comes inside it. Ans. (1) 14. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: From fig II to I: The left middle goes to upper middle, upper middle to centre, The lower middle goes to lower right → right middle → lower middle. Ans. (2) 15. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: From fig II to I: The vertical bar rotates by 90° ACW while the horizontal bar rotates by 90° CWO The upper-left element goes to upper right → lower left → lower right → upper left. Ans. (3)

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Directions (Q.16-20): In each of the questions given below, which one of the five Answer Figures on the right should come after the Problem Figures on the left, if the sequence were continued? 16. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: In alternate steps the uppermost element goes to lowermost the other elements shift one step upward and the element reaching the uppermost position is replaced by a new one. Ans. (5) 17. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: In each step the elements shift one side ACW, rotate by 180° and a new element is added on the ACW end. Ans. (2)

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18. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: In each step the elements interchange places in pairs and one element is replaced by a new one alternately on either side. Ans.(3) 19. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: In alternate step the elements of the upper row shift towards left and a new element appears on the left end. Ans. (2)

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20. Problem Figures

Answer Figures

Solution: In alternate steps the first, the third and the fourth elements from ACW end shift half-a-side ACW. The second from ACW shifts one-and-a-half side ACW while the CW end shifts two sides. Ans. (1)

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS SET-1 Directions (Q.1-10): In each of the questions given below which one of the five answer figures on the right should come after the problem figures on the left, if the sequence were continued? (IBPS CWE Specialist Officers-2012)

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Directions (Q. 11-20): In each of the questions given below, which one of the following five Answer Figures on the right should come after the Problem Figures on the left, if the sequence were continued? (Indian Overseas Bank PO Exam-2011) Problem Figures

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Answer Figures

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Practice Questions Set- 1 Answers 1

(5)

11

(3)

2

(3)

12

(1)

3

(1)

13

(2)

4

(2)

14

(4)

5

(2)

15

(3)

6

(5)

16

(2)

7

(4)

17

(1)

8

(1)

18

(4)

9

(1)

19

(3)

10

(4)

20

(4)

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS SET- 2 Directions (Q.1-20): In each of the questions given below, which one of the five Answer Figures on the right should come after the Problem Figures on the left, if the sequence were continued? (Corporation Bank PO Exam-2011) Problem figures

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Answer figures

SBI PO Exam Study Package

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Practice Questions Set- 2 Answers 1

(2)

11

(5)

2

(3)

12

(2)

3

(5)

13

(1)

4

(4)

14

(1)

5

(2)

15

(2)

6

(3)

16

(5)

7

(3)

17

(4)

8

(4)

18

(1)

9

(5)

19

(5)

10

(5)

20

(1)

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Data Analysis and Interpretation Analyzing data is the major part of our daily routine. Financial data as in P & L sheet, marketing and sales data, data on productivity, data on performance appraisal, data on each and every thing that we can imagine. In some companies entire department generates and manages every conceivable data that we can imagine. To collect information from all the amount of data it needs to be presented in a lucid and concise manner. Therefore we use data representation as it immediately provides the overall scenario and it is also sufficient to compute any detailed information. Strategies: While studying the DI section one should follow few strategies given below: 1. Solve the graph with which you are most comfortable for example some are more comfortable with line graph while the other may be with pie chart. 2. The problems with numbers with 2 or 3 digits like 82, 114 etc are easier to solve then the problem with number of 4 or 5 digits like 3457, 52468. 3. In pie charts if sectors are 15% 20% etc then it will be easier calculation then the sectors like 17.5%, 23.6 % etc. 4. We must also look at the number in answer option, if the answers are 12.5 5 6.33% etc then it will be easier to arrive at. 5. Wider are the choices in answer, easier will be the elimination process and lesser will be the calculation. 6. The answer choice “ Cannot be determined “ makes the question much easier as it becomes data sufficiency question and if the question can be answered then only four options are left. 7. Pick the alternative which is the middle one and check if your answer is less than, equal to or greater than this value. In this way only one iteration will give you the correct answer. 135

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8. Te answer choice “None of these “on the other hand make it more difficult as we have to calculate the question to the exact value. 9. It is better to solve a line chart with two lines and 5 points than to solve a table with 5 rows and 6 columns. But this may not be the case always looking at the other factors. Growth rate and Growth: Growth and Growth rate are two different cases. Growth refers to just increase in the underlying value, while the Growth rate refers to the percentage increase. For example following table shows the sales and profit of a company A in Rs. Lakhs

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Sales

240

290

320

350

380

Profit

50

55

70

50

40

Here, Growth during the period from 2000 to 2002 is simple the difference of sales = 350-290 = 60 But the Growth rate during this period is the percentage of growth =

350 −290 290

× 100 = 20.98%

Profit Percentages: profit

The profit percentage is not selling

× 100 but it is

price

50

profit cost price

× 100 . For example in above

table the profit percentage of year 1999 is not = 240 × 100 = 20.83 % . 50

But the profit percentage of year 1999 is = 190 × 100 = 26.31% as cost price of this year is 190 Also the percentage change in profit percentage is percent of profit percent of two years with base as previous year profit percent. For example the percentage change in profit percentage in the year 2002 over that in year 2001 is:

136

SBI PO Exam Study Package

= =

𝑝𝑟 𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 2002 −𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 2001 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 2001 16.66−28 28

× 100

× 100 = −40.5 % Sales of A and B ( 2000-2004 )

120

sales ( Rs '000 )

100 80 60

A B

40 20 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

But in line graph growth rate is related to slope of line. There are few points to understand: 1. The slope of each segment is same across all years of company B but still the growth rate is not the same in all years. The same slope simply means the sales grow by a constant amount each year. But the growth rate depends on the base value so in company B it’s decreasing from 2000 to 2004. 2. The line representing sales of A in 2002-03 is steeper but 2003 is not the year with highest growth rate of sales of A . The highest growth rate of sale of A is in year 2001.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Table Charts Introduction: The questions on table charts in the State Bank of India (SBI) Probationary Officers exams have been asked frequently. After the study of the previous year question papers we can say the data interpretation section will consist of 2 – 3 table charts with 10 – 15 questions. It is advisable to every student to understand the concept of table chart so that they can earn good marks in the section. Table Charts: These are the charts of facts and figures shown in horizontal rows and vertical columns. A table chart can contain facts and figures related to cities, states, countries, time periods, individual names, companies and miscellaneous information. The questions on the basis of the table charts are generally asked to find the relation among the facts and the figures. The question can be asked to find average, ratio or percentage of some facts and figures related to some other facts and figures.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions (Q. 1 – 5): Study the following table carefully to answer the questions that follow: Numbers (N) of five types of FMCG products sold by six different stores in a month and the price per product (P) (price in Rs 000) charged by each store. Store

A

Product N

B P

N

C P

N

D P

N

E P

N

P

P

56 125 58 122 60 124 61 128 42 126

Q

73 3.5

43 4.8

55 5.6

59 3.9

57 4.5

R

58 13

57 19

52 13

57 12

64 15

S

52 55

55 52

51 54

54 59

49 57

T

62 75

63 76

58 82

55 88

49 86

1. The number of P type products sold by Store E is what per cent of the number of the same type of products sold by Store C? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

80 75 70 125 None of these

Answer: (c) here, type P from Store E is 42 and from Store C is 60. Therefore,

𝟒𝟐 𝟔𝟎

× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟎.

2. What is the ratio of the total number of P and Q type products together sold by Store C and that of R and T type of products sold by Store B? (a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4 (c) 24 : 23 (d) 23 : 24 139

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(e) None of these Answer: (d) the type P and Q product from store C are 60 and 55 respectively and the type R and T from store B are 57 and 63. Therefore, the required ratio is 115 : 120 = 23 : 24. 3. What is the average price charged by all the Stores together for the product T? (a) Rs. 81,400 (b) Rs. 80,600 (c) Rs. 81,600 (d) Rs. 80,400 (e) None of these Answer: (a) the total price for product T from all the stores is Rs. 4,07,000. Therefore the average =

4,07,000 5

= 𝟖𝟏, 𝟒𝟎𝟎.

4. What is the difference in the amount earned by Store A through sale of P type products and that earned by Store C through the sale of S type products? (a) Rs. 4.246 lakhs (b) Rs. 42.46 lakhs (c) Rs. 424.6 lakhs (d) Rs. 0.4246 lakhs (e) None of these Answer: (b) the amount earned on P from store A = 56 × (Rs. 1,25,000) = Rs. 70,00,000 and the amount earned on S from store C = 51 × (Rs. 54,000) = Rs. 27,54,000. Therefore the difference = Rs. 70,00,000 – Rs. 27,54,000 = Rs. 42,46,000. 5. What is the total amount earned by Store D through the sale of S and T type products together? (a) Rs. 8,026 Lakhs (b) Rs. 802.6 Lakhs (c) Rs. 8.026 Lakhs (d) Rs. 0.8026 Lakhs (e) None of these Answer: (e) the amount earned by Store D through the sale of S and T type products is; 54 × (Rs. 59,000) + 55 × (Rs. 88,000) = Rs. 31,86,000 + Rs. 48,40,000 = Rs. 80,26,000.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

In studying problems on statistics, the data collected by the investigator are arranged in systematic form, called the tabular form. In order to avoid some heads again and again, we make tables, consisting of horizontal lines called rows and vertical lines called columns with distinctive heads, known as captions. Units of measurements are given along with the captions. Example: The table given below shows the population, literates and illiterates (in thousands) and the percentage of literacy in 3 states, in a year: State

Population

Literates

Illiterates

Percentage of literacy

Madras

49342

6421

……………..

……………………

Bombay

…………….

4068

16790

……………………..

Bengal

60314

……………

……………

16.1

After reading the table, mark a tick (√) against the correct answer in each question given below and hence complete the table. 6. Percentage of literacy in Madras is (a) 14.9% (b) 13.01% (c) 12.61% (d) 15.04% 7. Percentage of literacy in Bombay is (a) 19.5% (b) 16.7% (c) 18.3% (d) 14.6% 8. Number of literates in Bengal(in thousands) is: (a) 50599 (b) 9715 (c) 76865 (d) 9475 Solution: 6. (b) percentage of literacy in Madras = (6421/49342)×100% = 13.01% 7. (a) Population of Bombay = (4068+16790) thousands = 20858 thousands. Therefore, percentage of literacy in Bombay = (4068/20858)×100% = 19.5% 8. (b) Number of literates in Bengal =(16.1/100)×60314 = 9715 thousands

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Direction (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given table carefully and answer the questions that follow: Percentage of marks obtained by five students in five different subjects in a school SUBJECT

English

Hindi

Science

Mathematics

Social Studies

STUDENT

(100)

(50)

(125)

(150)

(75)

Abhinav

59

76

92

90

64

Brajesh

78

80

72

70

84

Chandan

75

74

80

86

80

Dhruv

71

76

68

78

68

Eeshita

73

72

88

92

80

Figures in brackets indicate maximum marks for a particular subject. 1. What is the average mark obtained by all the students together in Science? (a) 92 (b) 98 (c) 100 (d) 102 (e) 105 2. What is Chandan’s overall percentage in the examination? (a) 80.0 (b) 80.2 (c) 80.4 (d) 80.6 (e) 80.8

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3. What is the ratio of the total marks obtained by Chandan in Science to the marks obtained by Abhinav and Eeshita in Social Science? (a) 25 : 24 (b) 24 : 25 (c) 27 : 25 (d) 25 : 27 (e) None of these 4. If in order to pass the exam a minimum of 102 marks is needed in Science, how many students pass the exam? (a) Three (b) One (c) Two (d) Zero (e) More than three 5. Who got the maximum marks among these five students? (a) Eeshita (b) Dhruv (c) Chandan (d) Brajesh (e) Abhinav Direction (Q. 6 – 10): Study the given table carefully and answer the questions that follow: A survey of online shopping habits of city dwellers from 5 cities A, B, C, D and E is given below. The first column gives the percentage of people who do online purchasing less than two times a month. The second column gives the total number of people who do online purchasing two or more times per month.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

City

I

II

A

65% 1,75,000

B

30% 3,85,000

C

86% 1,40,000

D

72% 2,38,000

E

56% 3,30,000

6. How many people in city D do online purchasing loss than times in a month? (a) 6,04,000 (b) 6,00,000 (c) 6,12,000 (d) 6,55,000 (e) None of these 7. The city with the lowest number of people who do online shopping less than two times in a month is (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) None of these 8. The highest number of people who purchase online less than two times in a month from any given city (in the survey) is (a) 8,60,000 (b) 6,12,000 (c) 4,20,000 (d) 3,25,000 (e) None of these

144

SBI PO Exam Study Package

9. What are the total number of people who purchase online less than two times in a month from A and B? (a) 3,25,000 (b) 1,65,000 (c) 8,65,000 (d) 6,12,000 (e) None of these 10. What is the average number of people who purchase online less than two times from all the five the cities? (a) 4,75,000 (b) 4,75,300 (c) 4,76,300 (d) 4,76,400 (e) None of these Answers:1. (c)

3. (d)

5. (e)

7. (b)

9. (e)

2. (b)

4. (a)

6. (c)

8. (a)

10. (d)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Bar Graphs Introduction: The questions on Bar Graphs in the State Bank of India (SBI) Probationary Officers exams have been asked frequently. After the study of the previous year question papers we can say the data interpretation section will consist of 2 – 3 Bar Graphs with 10 – 15 questions. It is advisable to every student to understand the concepts of Bar Graphs so that they can earn good marks in the section. Bar Graphs: These graphs are one of the oldest methods to present a data. The bar graphs consist of bars, each of which is a thick box. The value of the reading the bar is determined by the height of the bar. The bar graphs are generally presented with different colours, shades, dots, dashes, etc. The questions on the basis of the Bar Graphs are generally asked to find the relation among facts and the figures. The question can be asked to find average, ratio or percentage of some facts and figures related to some other facts and figures. SOLVED EXAMPLES Direction (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given graph carefully and answer the questions that follow: Number of people (in thousands) using three different types of Bank Account P, Q and R over the years. 40 30 20 10

12

8

12 15

16 18 10

20 14

20

25 18

30 24

21

32

30 25

0 2005

2006

2007

2008

P

146

Q

2009

R

SBI PO Exam Study Package

2010

1. What is the average number of people using Bank Account R over the six years together? (a) 18,000 (b) 20,500 (c) 22,000 (d) 22,500 (e) None of these Answer:- (d) 2. The total number of people using all the three bank accounts in the year 2008 is approximately what per cent of the total number of people using all the three bank accounts in the year 2006? (a) 180 (b) 175 (c) 154 (d) 150 (e) None of these Answer:- (c) 3. The number of people using bank account Q in the year 2007 forms approximately what per cent of the number of people using bank account P in the year 2009? (a) 55 (b) 58 (c) 60 (d) 65 (e) None of these Answer:- (b) 4. What is the ratio of the number of people using bank account R in the year 2006 to the number of people using bank account P in the year 2009? (a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1 (e) None of these Answer:- (e) 5. What is the total number of people using bank account P over the six years together? (a) 1.19 lakhs (b) 11.9 lakhs (c) 119 lakhs 147

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(d) 0.119 lakhs (e) None of these Answer:- (a) In a bar diagram, information is presented by means of rectangles, whose lengths indicate the quantity of the variable which the bar is representing. The following points are important: 6. All bars are in the form of rectangles and the width of the bars is uniform throughout the diagram. 7. The height of each bar is proportional to the frequency of the variable. 8. The gap between various bars is uniform. 9. The base line of all the bars is the same. 10. The bars can be either horizontal or vertical depending on the space available. Example: The expenditure of a company under different heads(in thousands of rupees) is given below:

148

Head

Expenditure(in thousands of rupees)

Salary of employees

400

Travelling allowance (TA)

100

Rent

150

Equipment

200

Miscellaneous

300

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Draw a bar chart to depict the above data. 450 400 350 300 250

Series 3

200

Series 2

150

Column1

100 50 0

salary of employes

TA

rent

equipment

miscellaneous

Example: The following bar diagram represents the percentages of total expenditure incurred by a state during the years 1981- 90 for different items. In each bar the blue portion stands for the expenditure during the first five years and the red portion stands for the next five years. Study the graph and answer questions 1-5.

Chart Title miscellaneous housing health education communication agriculture industry 0

10

industry

agriculture

1981-85

28

8

5

1986-90

25

7

5

149

20

30

communica education tion

40

50

60

health

housing

miscellaneo us

8

5

10

7

2

5

8

9

SBI PO Exam Study Package

11. Which of the items listed below accounts for the maximum expenditure during the year 1981 to 1985? (a) Communication (b) education (c) health (d) housing 12. Which of the items listed below accounts for the maximum expenditure during 1986 to 1990? (a) Agriculture (b) communication (c) education (d) health 13. The amount of expenditure on Agriculture is approximately what proportion of that on industry during the year 1986-90? (a) 1/5 (b) ¼ (c) 1/3 (d) data inadequate 14. If the total expenditure on housing is Rs. 610 crores during 1981-85, the total expenditure on industry during the same period would (approximately) (a) Rs 2440 crores (b) Rs 1220 crores (c) Rs 4620 crores (d) none of these 15. Out of every 10,000 rupees spent during 1981-90 approximately, how much was spent during the years 1981-85 on housing? (a) Rs 1400 (b) Rs 700 (c) Rs 1000 (d) Rs 2800

Answers and Explanations: 11. (d) out of the items listed in the question, clearly maximum expenditure during 1981-85 is on housing. 12. (a) out of the items listed in the question, clearly the maximum expenditure during 1986-90 is on agriculture. 13. (a) expenditure on agriculture during 1986-90 = (15-10)% of total expenditure = 5x/100 = x/20 Expenditure on industry during 1986-90 = (52.5-27.5)% of total expenditure = 25x/100 =x/4. Required ratio = x/20 : x/4 = 1:5 14. (d) expenditure on housing during 1981-85 = 10% of total expenditure. Let the total expenditure be Rs.x. Then , 105 of x = 610 crores or 10x/100 =610 crores x=6100 crores total expenditure on industry during 1981-85 = 25% of 6100 crores = Rs 1525 crores. 15. (c) 20% of total expenditure during 1981-90 was spent on housing. Expenditure on housing during 1981-90 for a total expenditure of Rs 10000 = (20×10000/100) = Rs 2000 Ratio of expenditure on housing during 1981-85 and that during 1986-90= 10%/(20-10)% = 1/1 Expenditure on housing during 1981-85 = Rs 1000 150

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Directions (Q. 16-20): Study the following graph and answer the questions given below:

16. Out of the total number of students who opted for the given three subjects, in the year 2009, 38% were girls. How many boys opted for Mathematics in the same year? (1) 1322 (2) 1332 (3) 1312 (4) Cannot be determined (5) None of these Solution: Number of students who opted for all three subjects in 2009 = (20 + 20 + 5) thousand = 45000 Number of boys =

45000 ×62 100

= 27900

Since, we do not know the number of girls in Mathematics, number of boys opted for Mathematics cannot be determined. Ans : (4) 17. If the total number of students in the University in the year 2007 was 455030, then, the total number of students who opted for the given three subjects were approximately what percent of the total students? (1) 19 (2) 9 151

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(3) 12 (4) 5 (5) 23 Solution: Required percentage = =

40000 455030

15+30 ×1000 455030

× 100

×100 ≈ 9

Ans: (2) 18. What is the total number of students who opted for Hindi and who opted for Mathematics in the years 2006, 2007 and 2009 together? (1) 97000 (2) 93000 (3) 85000 (4) 96000 (5) None of these Solution: Required number of students = (5 + 35 + 15 + 15 + 20 + 5) x 1000 = 95 x 1000 = 95000 Ans: (5) 19. The total number of students who opted for Mathematics in the years 2005 and 2008 together are approximately what percent of the total number of students who opted for all three subjects in the same years? (1) 38 (2) 28 (3) 42 (4) 32 (5) 48 Solution: Required percentage 15+30 ×1000 = 5+35+15 + 25+30+30 ×1000 ×100 =

15+30 55+85

45

× 100 = 140 × 100 ≈ 32

Ans: (4)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

20. What is the respective ratio between the number of students who opted for English in the years 2006 and 2008 together and the number of students who opted for Hindi in the year 2005 and 2009 together? (1) 11: 5 (2) 12: 7 (3) 11: 7 (4) 12:5 (5) None of these Solution: Required ratio = (25 + 30): (5+20) = 55:25 = 11:15 Ans: (1) Directions (Q. 21-25): Study the following graph carefully to answer the questions that follow: Monthly income (Rs in thousand) of three different persons in six different years (IBPS RRB Grade ‘A’ Officers Exam 2012)

Monthly incomes (in Rs thousand)

40 35 30 25 20

Arun

15

Suman

10

Jyoti

5

0 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

21. What was the difference between the total monthly salary of Arun in all the years together and Suman's monthly income in the year 2007? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Rs. 1.24 Iakh Rs. 1.14 Iakh Rs. 11.4 lakh Rs. 12.4 lakh None of these 153

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution. Arun monthly income in all year together = 14 + 18 + 23 + 21 + 27 + 26 = 129 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 6 Suman's monthly income in the year 2007 = 15 thousand ∴ Difference = 129 – 15 = 114 = 114 ⤬ 1000 = 114000 lakh Ans: 2 22. What is the ratio of Arun's monthly income in the year 2006, Suman's monthly income in the year 2007 and Jyoti's monthly income in the year 2005? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

6:3:5 6:4:5 5:6:4 5:4:7 None of these

Solution. Ratio = Arun : Suman : Jyoti 18 : 15 : 9 6:5:3 Ans: 5 23. In which year was the difference between Jyoti's and Arun's monthly income the second highest? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

2005 2006 2007 2009 2010

Solution. Difference in 2005 → 14 – 9 = 5 2006 → 18 – 10 = 8 2007 → 23 – 18 = 5 2008 → 27 – 21 = 6 154

SBI PO Exam Study Package

2009 → 27 – 26 = 1 2010

→ 35 – 26 = 9

Ans: 2 24. The monthly income of Suman in the year 2009 was approximately what percentage of the monthly income of Jyoti in the year 2010? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

72 89 83 67 95

Solution. Monthly income of Suman in 2009 = 29000 Monthly income of Jyoti in 2010 = 35000 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 % =

29000 580 × 100 = = 82.85 ≈ 83 35000 7

Ans: 3 25. What was the percentage increase in the monthly income of Jyoti in the year 2008 as compared to the previous year? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

50 150 160 60 None of these 9

Solution. 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 % 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 18 × 100 = 50% Ans: 1

155

SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 5): Study the graphs carefully to answer the questions that follow: Total number of children in 5 different schools and the percentage of boys in them 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

percentage of boys 80 60

70

66

65

60

54

50 40 20 A

B

C

D

E

Number of Children

F

0 A

B

C

D

E

1. Approximately what percentage of girls is in the schools A and F together? (a) 40 (b) 44 (c) 46 (d) 42 (e) 48 2. What is the total number of girls in School C and E together? (a) 200 (b) 225 (c) 210 (d) 217 (e) 219 3. The number of girls in school B is what percent of the number of girls in school D? (a) 45 (b) 35 (c) 40 (d) 55 (e) 54

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

F

4. What is the average number of boys in the schools C and F? (a) 183 (b) 180 (c) 182 (d) 192 (e) 186 5. What is the ratio of the number of boys in schools D to the number of boys in school E? (a) 4 : 3 (b) 6 : 5 (c) 36 : 25 (d) 32 : 29 (e) None of these Answers1. (b)

4. (a)

2. (d)

5. (e)

3. (c)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Line Graphs Introduction: The questions on Line graphs or X – Y Graphs in the State Bank of India (SBI) Probationary Officers exams have been asked frequently. After the study of the previous year question papers we can say the data interpretation section will consist 2 – 3 Line Graphs with 10 – 15 questions. It is advisable to every student to understand the concepts of Line Graphs so that they can earn good marks in the section. Line Graphs: These graphs are one of the oldest methods to present a data related to time series and frequency distribution. This type of representation is widely used by news papers, televisions, government reports, magazines and research papers. The Line graphs can be; 

Single dependent Variable Graph



More than One variable Graph



Graphs with two Scale (two continuous variable)



Range Graph



Band Graph



Speed time Graph

The questions on the basis of the Line Graphs are generally asked to find the relation among the facts and the figures. The question can be asked to find average, ratio or percentage of some facts and figures related to some other facts and figures.

158

SBI PO Exam Study Package

SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions-(Q.1-5): Study the following graph carefully to answer the questions that follow: Number of Trees planted by three different NGOs in five different States

(Allahabad Bank Probationary Officers Exam 2011) 1. In which state was the total number of trees planted by NGO A and NGO B together second lowest? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Bihar Punjab Haryana Assam Tamil Nadu

Solution: Number of tree planted by NGO-A and NGO-B together in Bihar: 100 + 60 = 160 Punjab: 120 + 80 = 200 Haryana: 80 + 140 = 220 Assam: 150 + 160 = 310 Tamil Nadu: 140 + 180 = 320 Ans: (2) 2. What was the difference between the trees planted by NGO A in Haryana and the number of trees planted by NGO C in Tamil Nadu? 159

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

90 60 120 100 None of these

Solution: Required difference = 160 – 80 = 80 Ans: (5) 3. What was the average number of trees planted in Haryana by all the NGOs together? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

420 140 120 390 None of these

Solution: Required average =

168 +140 +50 3

=

388 3

≈ 129

Ans: (5) 4. The total number of trees planted by NGO A and NGO B together in Bihar was approximately what per cent of the total number of trees planted by NGO-B and NGO-C together in Punjab? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

85 90 105 110 95

Solution: Required percentage =

100 +60 88+80

160

× 100 = 168 × 100 ≈ 95%

Ans: (5) 5. What was the ratio of the number of trees planted by NGO B in Tamil Nadu, number of trees planted by NGO C in Assam and the number of trees planted by NGO A in Assam? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

5: 3 : 6 5: 6 : 3 6: 4 : 5 6: 5 : 3 None of these 160

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Solution: Required ratio: 180: 120 + 150 = 6: 4: 5 Ans: (3) Direction (Q. 6 – 10): Study the graph carefully and answer the questions that follow: Per cent profit made by two companies over the years 𝐏𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐭 =

𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 − 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞

Percentage Profit 40 35

35

30

30

25

25

25

20

20

20

15

30 25 20

15

15

Company P Company Q

10 5 0 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

6. If in the year 2006 the expenditures incurred by company P and Q were same, what was the ratio of the income of company Q to that of company P in that year? (a) 26 : 27 (b) 27 : 26 (c) 24 : 25 (d) 25 : 24 (e) None of these Answer: (c) 7. If the amount of profit earned by company Q in the year 2007 was Rs. 2.4 lakhs, what was its expenditure in that year? (a) Rs. 13 lakhs (b) Rs. 15 lakhs (c) Rs. 24 lakhs (d) Rs. 16 lakhs (e) Rs. 20 lakhs 161

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answer: (d) 8. What is the average per cent profit earned by company P over all the years together? (a) 30 (b) 25 (c) 40 (d) 33 (e) None of these Answer: (b) 9. If in the year 2009, the incomes of both the companies P and Q were same, what was the ratio of the expenditure of company P to the expenditure of company Q in the same year? (a) 26 : 23 (b) 23 : 26 (c) 24 : 25 (d) 25 : 24 (e) None of these Answer: (a) 10. What is the ratio of the amount of profit earned by company A to that by company B in the year 2010? (a) 27 : 24 (b) 24 : 27 (c) 23 : 24 (d) 24 : 23 (e) None of these Cannot be determined Answer: (e) Line graphs of a frequency distribution is obtained from the histogram of the frequency distribution by joining the mid points of respective tops of the rectangles in a histogram. To complete the line graphs, the mid-points at each end are joined to the immediately lower or higher mid-points (as the case may be) at zero frequency.

162

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Study the following graph and answer the following questions: 1000 900 800

income and expenditure of a company over the years(Rs. in crores)

700 600 500 400

expenditure

300

income

200 100 0 1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

years

11. The total expenditure of which of the following pairs of years was equal to the income in 1992? (a) 1987 and 1988 (b) 1987 and 1989 (c) 1988 and 1989 (d) 1988 and 1990 (e) none of these 12. What was the percentage decrease in expenditure from 1988 and 1989? (a) 80 (b) 50 (c) 40 (d) 10 (e) none of these 13. In how many of the given years was the expenditure more than the average expenditure of the given years? (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 5 (e) none of these 14. In which of the following years was the percentage of expenditure to income, the highest? (a) 1987 (b) 1988 (c) 1989 (d) 1991 (e) none of these 15. What was the approximate percentage increase in income from 1991 to 1992? (a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 20 (d) 15 (e) 25

Solution: 11. (c) : income in 1992= 475 crores Total expenditure in 1988 and 1989 = Rs.( 250+225) crores =Rs. 475 crores. 12. (d) : expenditure in 1988 = Rs. 250 crores Expenditure in 1989 = Rs. 225 crores. 25 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 Decrease % = 250 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 × 100 % = 10%

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13. (b): average expenditure =Rs.

300 +250 +225 +375 +175 +400 6

=Rs. 287.5 The expenditure is greater than the average expenditure during the years 1987, 1990 and 1992. Required no. of years =3 14. (e): the required percentage : In 1987 is (300×100/450)% = 66.66% In 1988 is (250×100/400)% = 62.5% In 1989 is (225×100/350)% = 64.29% In 1990 is (375×100/425)% = 88.24% In 1991 is (175×100/375)% = 46.6% In 1992 is (400 ×100/475)% = 84.21% Clearly the percentage is highest in 1990. 15. (e): income in 1991 = 375 crores Income in 1992 = 475 crores Therefore increase % = (100×100/375)% = 26.6% = 25% nearly

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Direction (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given graph carefully and answer the questions that follow: The line diagram shows the cost of production and profit of six companies for the year 2011-12. (The figures are in 'Lakhs'). Revenue = Cost of Production + Profit. 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

19

18 16

15

14

12 Cost of Production

A

5

4

3

B

6

C

6

Profit

4

D

E

F

1. The ratio of profits of company B and D to the profits of A and E is: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2:3 10 : 9 3:2 10 : 7 None of these

2. The profit of company C is what percentage of the revenue of company F? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

20% 25% 30% 35% None of these

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3. The revenue of company C is how many times of company E's profit? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

5.5 5.25 5.75 5 None of these

4. Which company has the maximum percentage of profit? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

C D E F None of these

5. What is the average profit of the last five companies (B, C, D, E and F)? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Rs. 500 Rs. 5,000 Rs. 50,000 Rs. 4,66,667 None of these

Answers:1. (d)

166

2. (a)

3. (c)

4. (b)

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5. (e)

Pie Charts Introduction: The questions on Pie Chart Graphs in the State Bank of India (SBI) Probationary Officers exams have been asked frequently. After the study of the previous year question papers we can say the data interpretation section will consist of 2 – 3 Pie Charts with 10 – 15 questions. It is advisable for every student to understand the concepts of Pie Charts so that they can earn good marks in the section. Pie Charts: These charts are specific types of data presentation technique where the data is represented in the form of a circle. In a Pie Chart, a circle is divided into various sections or segments such that each sector or segment represents a certain type of data in a certain percentage, proportion or angle. The total of the angles in a Pie Chart is equal to 360°. The questions on the basis of the Pie Charts are generally asked to find the relation among the facts and the figures. The question can be asked to find ratio or percentage of some facts and figures related to some other facts and figures.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Direction (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given pie-charts carefully and answer the questions that follow: Discipline-wise breakup of the number of candidates appeared in Interview and Discipline-wise breakup of the candidates selected by and organisation. Total number of candidates appeared in the interview = 6,100 and total number of candidates selected after interview = 2,100.

Percentage Distribution of Appeared candidates Manageme nt 18%

Others 6%

Science 28% Art 12% Engineering 20%

Commerce 16%

Others Percentage Distribution of selected 4% candidates Managemen t 20% Science 32%

Engineering 24% Art 8% Commerce 12%

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1. What was the ratio of the number of candidates appeared in interview from Art discipline and the number of candidates selected from Science disciplines? (a) 56 : 55 (b) 61 : 56 (c) 56 : 61 (d) 55 : 56 (e) None of these Answer: (b) 2. The total number of candidates appeared in interview from Management and Others disciplines was what per cent of the number of candidates from Engineering and Art disciplines? (a) 66.67 (b) 75 (c) 80 (d) 133.33 (e) 150 Answer: (a) 3. What was the difference between the number of candidates selected from Art discipline and the number of candidates selected from others discipline? (a) 21 (b) 210 (c) 2100 (d) 84 (e) None of these Answer: (d) 4. From which discipline was the difference in number of candidates selected to number of candidates appeared in interview the maximum? (a) Management (b) Engineering (c) Science (d) Art (e) Commerce Answer: (c)

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5. What was the total number of candidates selected from Commerce and Art discipline together? (a) 1,000 (b) 840 (c) 1,050 (d) 630 (e) 924 Answer: (e) In a pie chart, the values of different components of a frequency distribution are represented by the sectors of a circle. These sectors are so constructed that the area of each sector is proportional to the corresponding value of the component. Since the sum of all the central angles is 360 degrees, we have Central angle of a component = (

𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

× 360)degrees

Example: The following pie diagram shows the expenditure incurred on the preparation of a book by a publisher, under various heads. A: Paper 20, B: Printing 25%, C: Binding, Canvassing, Designing etc 30% D: Miscellaneous 10% E: Royalty 15% Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions 1-5:

Sales A B C D E

6. What is the angle of pie diagram showing the expenditure incurred on paying the royalty? (a) 15 degrees (b) 24 degrees (c) 48 degrees (d) 54 degrees 170

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7. The marked price of a book is 20% more than the C.P. If the marked price of the book be Rs 30, what is the cost of paper used in a single copy of the book? (a) Rs 6 (b) Rs 5 (c) Rs 4.50 (d) Rs 6.50 8. Which two expenditures together will form an angle of 108 degrees at the centre of the pie diagram: (a) A and E (b) B and E (c) A and D (d) D and E 9. If the difference between two expenditures be represented by 18 degrees in the piediagram, these expenditures are : (a) B and E (b) A and C (c) B and D (d) none of these

Answers: 6. (d) Angle representing royalty D = (15×360/100)degrees = 54 degrees 7. (b) C.P. of a book = Rs ( 100×30/120) = Rs 25 Cost of paper = Rs (20×25/100) = Rs 5 8. (c) angle A = (20×360/100)degrees =72 degrees Angle B = (25×360/100) degrees = 90 degrees Angle C = (30×360/100)degrees = 108 degrees Angle D = (10×360/100) degrees = 36 degrees Angle E = (15×360/100) degrees = 54 degrees Thus, A and D together will form an angle of 108 degrees. 9. (d) These expenditures are A and B; Band C; D and E; and A and E. Direction (Q. 10-14): Study the following pie-chart and answer the questions given below: Preferences of students among six beverages in terms of degree of angle in the pie-chart Total No. of students = 6800

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10. What is the difference between the total number of students who prefer Beverage A and C together and the total number of students who prefer beverage D and F together? (1) 959 (2) 955 (3) 952 (4) 954 (5) None of these Solution: Difference of corresponding angles = (122.4 + 21.6)0 - (79.2 + 14.4)0 = 50.40 ∴ required difference =

50.4 360

x 6800 = 952

Ans: (3) 11. What is the ratio of the number of students who prefer beverage F and the number of students who prefer beverage A? (1) 3: 11 (2) 3: 13 (3) 6: 11 (4) 5: 11 (5) None of these Solution: Required Ratio = 21.6: 79.2 = 3: 11 Ans: (1) 12. The number of student who prefer beverage E and F together is what per cent of the total of student? (1) 18 (2) 14 (3) 26 (4) 24 (5) None of these 64.8+21.6 Solution: Required percentage = ( 360 ) × 100 =24% Ans: (4)

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13. The number of students who prefer beverage C are approximately what percent of the number of students who prefer Beverage D? (1) 7 (2) 12 (3) 18 (4) 22 (5) 29 14 .4

Solution: Required percentage = 122 .4 × 100 = 11.76 ≈ 12% Ans: (2) 14. How many students prefer beverage B and beverage E together? (1) 2312 (2) 2313 (3) 2315 (4) 2318 (5) None of these Solution: Number of students who prefer beverages B and E together =

57.6+64.8 360

× 68000 =

12.4+21.6 360

= 2312

Ans: (1) Directions (Q. 15-19): Study the following pie-chart and answer the following questions. Percentagewise distribution of teachers in six different universities. Total number of teachers = 6400 (IBPS RRB Group ‘A’ Officers Exam 2012)

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15. The number of teachers in University B is approximately what per cent of the total number of teachers in University D and University E together? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

55 59 49 45 65

Solution. Number of teachers in University B = Number of teachers in University D =

6×6400

Number of teachers in University E =

29×6400

100 100

17×6400 100

= 1088

= 384 = 1856

1088

∴ Required percentage = 1856 +384 × 100 =

108800 = 48.57 ≈ 49% 2240

Ans: 3

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16. If twenty five per cent of the teachers in University C are females, what is the number of male teachers in University C? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

922 911 924 912 None of these

Solution. Number of teachers in University C =

19×6400 100

= 1216

Number of female teachers in University C = 1216 ×

25 1 = 1216 × = 304 100 4

Number of male teachers in University C = 1216 – 304 = 912 Ans: 4 17. The difference between the total number of teachers in University A, University B and University C together and the total number of teachers in University D, University E and University F together is exactly equal to the number of teachers of which University? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

University A University B University C University D University F

Solution. Number of teachers in University A = Number of teachers in University B =

17×6400

Number of teachers in University C =

19×6400

Number of teachers in University D =

6×6400

Number of teachers in University E =

29×6400

Number of teachers in University F =

18×6400

175

100 100 100 100 100

11×6400 100

= 704

= 1088 = 1216 = 384 = 1856 = 1152

SBI PO Exam Study Package

∴ Difference = 3392 – 3008 = 384 Quicker method: Difference = (D + E + F)% – (A + B + C)% = (53 – 47) = 6% 6% of 6400 = 384 Hence, University of D is equal to 6%. Ans: 4 18. If one-thirty sixth of the teachers from University F are professors and the salary of each professor is Rs. 96000, what will be the total salary of all the professors together from University F? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Rs. 307.2 lakh Rs. 32.64 lakh Rs. 3.072 lakh Rs. 3.264 lakh None of these

Solution. Number of teachers in University F =

18×6400 100

= 1152

1

Number of professors in University F = 1152 × 36 = 32 ∴ Total Salary of professors in University F = 32 ⤬ 96000 = 30.72 lakh Ans: 5 19. What is the average number of teachers in University A, University C, University D and University F together? (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

854 3546 3456 874 None of these

Solution. Average =

704 +1216 +384 +1152 4

=

3456 4

= 864

Ans: 5 176

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Direction (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given pie-charts carefully and answer the questions that follow: Discipline-wise breakup of the number of candidates appeared in Interview and Discipline-wise breakup of the candidates selected by and organisation. Total number of candidates appeared in the interview = 25,600 and total number of candidates selected after interview = 7,500.

Percentage Distribution of Appeared candidates

Percentage Distribution of selected candidates

Others 6%

Manage ment 16% Engineer ing 20%

177

Others 4%

Science 26%

Commer ce 18%

Art 14%

Manage ment 16%

Engineer ing 22%

Science 32%

Commer ce 16%

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Art 10%

1. What was the ratio of the number of candidates appeared in interview from other disciplines and the number of candidates selected from art disciplines? (a) 256 : 125 (b) 125 : 256 (c) 125 : 216 (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these 2. The total number of candidates appeared in interview from Management and Art disciplines was what per cent of the number of candidates from Engineering discipline? (a) 66.67 (b) 75 (c) 80 (d) 120 (e) 150 3. What was the difference between the number of candidates selected from Science discipline and the number of candidates selected from Commerce discipline? (a) 1,000 (b) 1,100 (c) 1,200 (d) 1,250 (e) None of these 4. From which discipline was the difference in number of candidates selected to number of candidates appeared in interview the maximum? (a) Management (b) Engineering (c) Commerce (d) Science (e) Art 5. What was the total number of candidates selected from Commerce and Art discipline together? (a) 1,800 (b) 1,950 (c) 2,100 (d) 2,250 (e) 2,400

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Answers:1. (a)

179

2. (e)

3. (c)

4. (d)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

5. (b)

Case Lets Introduction: The questions on Case based Data in the State Bank of India (SBI) Probationary Officers exams have been asked frequently. After the study of the previous year question papers we can say the data interpretation section will consist of 2 – 3 Cases with 10 – 15 questions. It is advisable to every student to understand the concept of Case base data so that they can earn good marks in the section. Case Based Data: These types of data are presented in the competitive exams to test the candidate’s interest in numbers, for variables and their inter-relationship and ability to convert the data into a more meaningful form of information. These things should be kept in mind when you are solving questions of Cases. 

First read and indentify the variables in the data and respective inter-relationship.



Chart out the data and fill the data in a more meaningful format.



And now, try to solve the questions on the Case based data.

The questions on the basis of the case based data are generally asked to find the relation among the facts and the figures. The question can be asked to find average, ratio or percentage of some facts and figures related to some other facts and figures.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Direction for questions 1 to 5: Answer these questions on the basis of the following information. Shekhar bought 10 acres of land for Rs.250000 in 2011. That year he cultivated Sugarcane and Soya bean in the 10 acres with the ratio of area under Sugarcane and Soya bean being 5:4. The profit obtained from Sugarcane and Soya bean was in the ratio 3:2 with the total profit being Rs.58500. This was 15% of the amount he invested in cultivation that year. The next year he again cultivated Sugarcane and Soya bean, with the areas being same as before and reaped a profit of Rs.66000 in total with that from Sugarcane and Soya bean being in the ratio 8:7 but his return on his investment that year was only 14%. 1. What is the amount invested by Shekhar for cultivation in 2011? (a) Rs.356000 (b) Rs.374800 (c) Rs.380000 (d) Rs. 390000 Solution: (d) Shekhar had a profit of Rs.58500 and this profit was 15% of the money he invested, his investment was 58500 15

× 100 = 390000

2. What is the profit obtained by Shekhar by cultivating Sugarcane in 2011? (a) Rs.43800 (b) Rs.35100 (c) Rs.36200 (d) None of these Solution: (b) 3

The profit obtained by Shekhar by cultivating Sugarcane in 2012 = 5 × 58500 = 35100.

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3. What is the profit obtained by cultivating Soya bean in 2012? (a) Rs.30800 (b) Rs.36100 (c) Rs.24200 (d) None of these Solution: (a) 7

The profit obtained by cultivating Soya bean in 2012 = 15 × 66000 = Rs. 30800. 4. What is the ratio of the profit obtained from Sugarcane and Soya bean in the two years together? (a) 89 : 79 (b) 167 : 211 (c) 703 : 542 (d) None of these Solution: (c) The profit obtained in 2011 from Sugarcane = Rs.35100 The profit obtained in 2012 from Sugarcane = 66000 - 30800 = Rs.35200 Total profit from Sugarcane = Rs.70300 Total profit in the two years = Rs.58500 + Rs.66000 = Rs.124500 Therefore, Profit from Soya bean Rs.54200. Now, the required ratio = 70300: 54200 = 703 : 542. 5. What is the approximate amount invested by Shekhar for cultivation in 2012? (a) Rs.428500 (b) Rs.471400 (c) Rs.495300 (d) Rs.518650 182

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Solution: (b) Here the profit of 66,000 is 14% of the amount invested, therefore, the invested = 66000 × 100 = Rs. 471400. 14 Directions: (6-10) Study the following information and answer the questions that follow: (IBPS CWE PO MT 2012) The premises of a bank are to be renovated. The renovation is in terms of flooring. Certain areas are to be floored either with marble or wood. All rooms/halls and pantry are rectangular. The area to be renovated comprises of a hall for customer transaction measuring 23 m by 29 m, branch manager’s room measuring 13 m by 17 m, a pantry measuring 14 m by 13 m, a record keeping cum server room measuring 21 m by 13 m and locker area measuring 29 m by 21 m. The total area of the bank is 2000 square meters. The cost of wooden flooring is f 170/- per square meter and the cost of marble flooring is Rs. 190/- per square meter. The locker area, record keeping cum server room and pantry are to be floored with marble. The branch manager's room and the hall for customer transaction are to be floored with wood. No other area is to be renovated in terms of flooring. 6. What is the respective ratio of the total cost of wood en flooring to the total cost of marble flooring? (1) 1879: 2527 (2) 1887: 2386 (3) 1887: 2527 (4) 1829: 2527 (5) 1887: 2351 Solution: Total flooring area with marble = locker area + record keeping + pantry = 182+273 +609 = 1064 sqm Cost of flooring = 1064 × 190 Total flooring area with wooden = Branch Manager room + Hall = 221 + 667 = 888 sqm Cost of flooring = 888 × 170 Ratio= 888 × 170: 1064 × 190 = 888 ×17: 1064 ×19 = 15096 : 20216 = 1887: 2527 Ans: 3

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7. If the four walls and ceiling of the branch manager’s room (The height of the room is 12 meters) are to be painted at the cost off 190/- per square meter, how much will be the total cost of renovation of the branch manager's room including the cost of flooring? (1) Rs. 1, 36,800/(2) Rs. 2, 16,660/(3) Rs. 1, 78,790/(4) Rs. 2, 11,940/(5) None of these Solution: Cost of flooring of branch manager room =221 × 170= Rs. 37570 Cost of painting = [2(17 × 12+ 13 × 12)+ 13 x 17] × 190 = [2( 204 + 156) + 221] × 190= (2 × 360 + 221) × 190 = (720 + 221) × 190 = 941 × 190 = Rs. 178790 Total cost = 178790 + 31570 = Rs.216360 Ans: (5) 8. If the remaining area of the bank is to be carpeted at the rate of Rs. 110/- per square meter, how much will be the increment in the total cost of renovation of bank premises? (1) Rs. 5,820/(2) Rs. 4,848/(3) Rs. 3,689/(4) Rs. 6,890/(5) None of these Solution: Total area of bank = 2000 sqm Total flooring area = 1952 sqm Remaining area = 2000 - 1952 = 48 sqm ∴ Cost of carpeting = 48 × 110 = Rs.5280 Ans: (5)

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9. What is the percentage area of the bank that is not to be renovated? (1) 2.2 % (2) 2.4 % (3) 4.2 % (4) 4.4 % (5) None of these Solution: Area not to be renovated = 48 sq m 48 ∴ Reqd % = 2000 × l00 = 2.4% Ans: 2 10. What is the total cost of renovation of the hall for customer transaction and the locker area? (1) Rs. 2, 29,100 (2) Rs. 2, 30,206 (3) Rs. 2, 16,920 (4) Rs. 2, 42,440 (5) None of these Solution: Cost of renovation of hall + locker area = 667 × 170 + 609 × 190 = 113390 + 115710= Rs. 229100 Ans: (1) Directions (Q. 11 – 15): Study the given information carefully to answer the questions that follow: An organization consists of 3500 employees working in different departments, viz HR, Marketing, IT, Production and Accounts. The ratio of male to female employees in the organisation is 3 : 2. 8% of the males work in the HR department. 22% of the female work in the account department. The ratio of males to females working in the HR department is 3 : 5. Oneseventh of the females work in the IT department. 46% of the males work in the Production department. The number of females is one-sixth of the males working in the same. The remaining females work in the Marketing department. The total number of employees working in the IT department is 375. 22% of the males work in the Marketing department and remaining work in the Account department. 185

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11. The number of males working in the Account department forms approximately what per cent of the total number of males in the organisation? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 11 (e) 12 Answer: (a) 12. How many females work in Production department? (a) 140 (b) 200 (c) 180 (d) 160 (e) None of these Answer: (e) 13. The total number of employees working in the Account department forms approximately what per cent of the total number of female employees in the organisation? (a) 28 (b) 32 (c) 29 (d) 31 (e) 30 Answer: (d) 14. The ratio of the numbers of females working in IT department to the numbers of males working in the same department is (a) 15 : 8 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 8 : 15 (d) 2 : 1 (e) 7 : 11 Answer: (c) 15. What is the total number of employees working in the Marketing and Production departments together? (a) 1900 (b) 2040 (c) 2020 186

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(d) 2031 (e) 2042 Answer: (b) PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 5): Study the given information carefully to answer the questions that follow: An organization consists of 3200 employees working in different departments, viz HR, Marketing, IT, Production and Accounts. The ratio of male to female employees in the organisation is 5 : 3. 12% of the males work in the HR department. 24% of the female work in the account department. The ratio of males to females working in the HR department is 6 : 11. One-tenth of the females work in the IT department. 42% of the males work in the Production department. The number of females 5% of the males working in the same. The remaining females work in the Marketing department. The total number of employees working in the IT department is 300. 20% of the males work in the Marketing department and remaining work in the Account department. 1. The number of males working in the IT department forms what per cent of the total number of males in the organisation? (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 15 (e) 18 2. How many males work in Accounts department? (a) 840 (b) 400 (c) 220 (d) 240 (e) None of these 3. The total number of employees working in the HR department forms what per cent of the total number of employees in the organisation? (a) 28 (b) 28.75 (c) 29 (d) 29.75 (e) 30 187

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4. The number of females working in the Production department forms what per cent of the total number of males in the organisation? (a) 21 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) 3.1 (e) 2.1 5. What is the total number of employees working in the Marketing and IT departments together? (a) 190 (b) 200 (c) 220 (d) 240 (e) 42 Directions (Q. 6 – 10): Study the given information carefully to answer the questions that follow: An organization consists of 3500 employees working in different departments, viz HR, Marketing, IT, Production and Accounts. The ratio of male to female employees in the organisation is 3 : 2. 8% of the males work in the HR department. 22% of the female work in the account department. The ratio of males to females working in the HR department is 3 : 5. Oneseventh of the females work in the IT department. 46% of the males work in the Production department. The number of females is one-sixth of the males working in the same. The remaining females work in the Marketing department. The total number of employees working in the IT department is 375. 22% of the males work in the Marketing department and remaining work in the Account department. 6. The number of males working in the Account department forms approximately what per cent of the total number of males in the organisation? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 11 (e) 12

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7. How many females work in Production department? (a) 140 (b) 200 (c) 180 (d) 160 (e) None of these 8. The total number of employees working in the Account department forms approximately what per cent of the total number of female employees in the organisation? (a) 28 (b) 32 (c) 29 (d) 31 (e) 30 9. The ratio of the numbers of females working in IT department to the numbers of males working in the same department is (a) 15 : 8 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 8 : 15 (d) 2 : 1 (e) 7 : 11 10. What is the total number of employees working in the Marketing and Production departments together? (a) 1900 (b) 2040 (c) 2020 (d) 2031 (e) 2042 Answers:1. (d)

3. (b)

5. (a)

7. (e)

9. (c)

2. (c)

4. (e)

6. (a)

8. (d)

10. (b)

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Miscellaneous Graphs SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions: (1-5) Study the following graph and table carefully and answer the questions given below: Time Taken To Travel (In Hours) By Six Vehicles On Two Different Days

Distance covered (in kilometers) by six vehicles on each day

(IBPS CWE PO MT 2012) 1. Which of the following vehicles travelled at the same speed on both the days? (1) Vehicle A (2) Vehicle C (3) Vehicle F (4) Vehicle B (5) None of these Solution: The speed of Vehicle B on both the days is 43 km/hr. Ans: (4) 190

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2. What was the difference between the speed of vehicle A on day 1 and the speed of vehicle C on the same day? (1) 7 km/hr (2) 12 km/hr (3) 11 km/hr (4) 8 km/hr (5) None of these Solution: Speed of A on 1st day = 52 km/hr Speed of C on 1st day = 63 km/hr ∴ Difference = 65 - 52 = 11 km/hr Ans: 2 3. What was the speed of vehicle C on day 2 in terms of meters per second? (1) 15.3 (2) 12.8 (3) 11.5 (4) 13.8 (5) None of these Solution: Speed of Vehicle C on 2nd day = 45 km/hr 5 = 45 × 18 = 2.5 × 5 = 12.5 m/sec Ans: (5) 4. The distance travelled by vehicle F on day 2 was approximately what percent of the distance travelled by it on day 1? (1) 80 (2) 65 (3) 85 (4) 95 (5) 90 636

Solution: Reqd % = 703 × 100 = 90.46 ≈ 90% Ans: (5) 191

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5. What is the respective ratio between the speeds of vehicle 0 and vehicle E on day 2? (1) 15: 13 (2) 17: 13 (3) 13: 11 (4) 17: 14 (5) None of these Speed of vehicle D on day 2

Solution: Reqd Ratio = Speed =

51 39

=

of vehicle E on day 2 17 13

= 17:13

Ans: (2) Directions (6-10) Study the following pie-chart and table carefully and answer the questions given below: Percentagewise distribution of the number of mobile phones sold a shopkeeper during six months Total number of mobile phones sold = 45000

The respective ratio between the numbers of mobile phones sold of company A and company B during six months

192

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6. What is the respective ratio between the number of mobile phones sold of company B during July and those sold during December of the same company? (1) 119: 145 (2) 116: 135 (3) 119: 135 (4) 119: 130 (5) None of these Solution: Total number of mobiles sold in the month of July 17 = 45000 × 100 = 7650 Mobile phones sold by Company B in the month of 7 July = 7650 × 15 = 3570 Total number of mobile phones sold in the month of 16 December = 45000 × 100 = 7200 Mobile phones sold by Company B in the month of 9 December = 7200 × = 4050 16

∴ Reqd ratio =

3570 4050

357

119

= 405 = 135 = 119: 135

Ans: (3) 7. If 35% of the mobile phones sold by company A during November were sold at a discount, how many mobile phones of company A during that month were sold without a discount? (1) 882 (2) 1635 (3) 1638 (4) 885 193

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(5) None of these Solution: Number of mobile phones sold in the month of 12 November = 45000 × 100 = 5400 Number of mobile phones sold by Company A in 7 the month of November = 5400 × 15 = 2520 ∴ Number of mobile phones without discount in the month of November by Company A 65 = 2520 × 100 = 2520 × 0.65 = 1638 Ans: 3 8. If the shopkeeper earned a profit of Rs. 433/- on each mobile phone sold of company B during October, what was his total profit earned on the mobile phones of that company during the same month? (1) Rs. 6,49,900 (2) Rs. 6,45,900 (3) Rs. 6,49,400 (4) Rs 6,49,500 (5) None of these Solution: Number of mobile phones sold in the month of 8 October = 45000 × 100 = 3600 ∴ Number of mobile phones sold by Company B in 5 the month of October = 3600 × 12 = 1500 ∴ Total profit earned by Company B in the month of October = 1500 × 433 = 649500 Ans: (4) 9. The number of mobile phones sold of company A during July is approximately what percent of the number of mobile phones sold of company A during December? (1) 110 (2) 140 (3) 150 (4) 105 (5) 130 Solution: Number of mobile phones sold in the month of July 194

SBI PO Exam Study Package

17

= 45000 × 100 = 7650 Number of mobile phones sold by Company A in 8 the month of July = 7650 × 15 = 4080 Number of mobile phones sold in the month of 16 December = 45000 × 100 = 7200 Number of mobile phones sold by Company A in 7 the month of December = 7200 × 16 = 3150 4080

Reqd % = 3150 × 100 = 129.52 ≈ 130 Ans: (5) 10. What is the total number of mobile phones sold of company B during August and September together? (1) 10000 (2) 15000 (3) 10500 (4) 9500 (5) None of these Solution: Number of mobile phones sold in the month of 22 August = 100 × 45000=9900 Number of mobile phones sold in the month of 25 1 September = 100 ×45000 = 4 ×45000 = 11250 Number of mobile phones sold by Company B in the month of August 5 = 9900 × 9 = 5500 Number of mobile phones sold by Company B in 2 September= 11250 × 5 = 4500 Total number of mobile phones sold in August and September by Company B = 5500+4500= 10000 Quicker Method: Total number of mobile phones sold by Company B in August and September 22 100

× 45000 ×

195

5 9

25

+ 100 × 4500 ×

2 5

= 10000

SBI PO Exam Study Package

.

Ans: (1) Directions: (11-15) Study the following information and answer the questions that follow: The graph given below represents the production (in tonnes) and sales (in tonnes) of company a from 2006-2011.

The table given below represents the respective ratio of the production (in tonnes) of Company A to the production (in tonnes) of Company B, and the respective ratio of the sales (in tonnes) of Company A to the sales (in tonnes) of Company B.

11. What is the approximate percentage increase in the production of Company A (in tonnes) from the year 2009 to the production of Company A (in tonnes) in the year 2010? (1) 18% (2) 38% (3) 23% (4) 27% (5) 32% Solution: Production of Company A in year 2009 = 550 Production of Company A in year 2010 = 700 196

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Reqd % = =

300 11

700 −550 550

150

× 100 = 550 × 100

= 27.27 ≈ 27%

Ans: (4) 12. The sale of Company A in the year 2009 was approximately what percent of the production of Company A in the same year? (1) 65% (2) 73% (3) 79% (4) 83% (5) 69% Solution: Sales of Company A in year 2009 = 400 Production of Company A in year 2009 = 550 400

Reqd % = 550 × 100 =

800 11

= 72.72 ≈ 73%

Ans: (2) 13. What is the average production of Company B (in tonnes) from the year 2006 to the year 2011? (1) 574 (2) 649 (3) 675 (4) 593 (5) 618 Solution: Average production of Company B =

600 +700 +800 +600 +650 +700 4050

6

= 6 = 675 Ans: (3)

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14. What is the respective ratio of the total ‘production (in tonnes) of Company A to the total sales (in tonnes) of Company A? (1) 81: 64 (2) 64: 55 (3) 71: 81 (4) 71: 55 (5) 81: 55 Solution: 4050

Total Production of Company A

81

Total Sales of Company A

= 2750 = 55 = 81: 55 Ans: (5) 15. What is the respective ratio of production of Company B (in tonnes) in the year 2006 to production of Company B (in tonnes) in the year 2008? (1) 2: 5 (2) 4: 5 (3) 3: 4 (4) 3: 5 (5) 1: 4 Solution: Production of Company B in the year 2006 = 150 × 4 = 600 Production of Company B in the year 2008 = 200 × 4 = 800 600 Ratio = = 3: 4 800

Ans: (3)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Permutations Introduction: In the SBI PO exams the questions based on Permutation have been asked few times and from the exam point of view it is very important to understand the basic concepts of permutation to solve those questions. Factorial Notation: The product of n consecutive positive integers beginning with one is denoted by n! And read as factorial n. ∴ n! = 1 × 2 × 3 ×……. × n – 1) × (n) For example, 6! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 720. 0! = 1! = 1. Permutation: The number of different arrangements which can be made by taking some or all of the given things or objects at a time is called as permutation. The symbol for permutation of n different things taking r at a time = n P r or n P r = For example, 5 P 3 =

5! 5−3 !

5!

= 2! =

1×2×3×4×5 1×2

𝑛! 𝑛 −𝑟 !

= 60.

Here, we will practice few questions to understand more about permutation. The arrangement of a number of things taking some or all of them at a time is called permutation. If there are ‘n’ number of things and we have to select ‘r’ things at a time then 𝑛! the total number of permutation is denoted by n𝑃𝑟 = 𝑛 −𝑟 ! For example if there are 3 candidates A ,B and C for the post of president and vice president of a college , since we have to select only 2 candidates , it can be done in 3! Ways. i.e. (A, B) (B, C) (A, C) (B, A) (C, B) and (C, A). Here order of arrangement matters. Restricted Permutation: Sometimes we have to find out the number of permutation keeping few specific objects at specific places. In this case, we find out the number of permutation of filling remaining vacant places by the remaining objects. If r objects are taken out of n dissimilar objects (i) A specific object is taken each time: if there are n objects 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 … … … … … . 𝑎𝑛 . Suppose that 𝑎1 is taken each time. If 𝑎1 takes first place then the remaining (n-1) 199

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objects can be arranged in n-1𝑃𝑟−1 ways. Since 𝑎1 can take any place so number of permutation is r× n-1𝑃𝑟−1 . (ii) Specific object never taken: then r objects are taken out of (n-1) objects, so number of permutation is n-1𝑃𝑟 . {Note: n𝑃𝑟 = n-1𝑃𝑟 + r× n-1𝑃𝑟−1 } Permutation of things when some are identical: If we have n things in which p are exactly of one kind , q of second kind , r of third kind and the 𝑛! rest are different then the number of permutation of n things taken all at a time n𝑃𝑟 = 𝑝!𝑞 !𝑟! Example: In how many ways can the letters of the word LEADER be arranged? Solution: The word LEADER contains total 6 letters namely 1L, 2E, 1A, 1D, 1R Therefore, the number of ways to arrange the letters of the word LEADER =

6! 1!2!1!1!1!

= 360.

Repetition of things: The number of permutation formed by taking r things at a time out of n things in any object arrangement such that each object can be taken any number of time is 𝑛𝑟 . Circular permutation: If we fix one of the objects around the circumference of a circle then number of permutation of n different thing taken all at a time is (n-1)! Ways. It will be same as by putting (n-1) objects at (n-1) places. But if we do not consider the direction i.e. clockwise and anticlockwise then the number of 𝑛−1 ! permutation is 2 .

200

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Q. 1 – 20): Consider the arrangements of the letters of the word RAINBOW 1. In how many ways can the letters be arranged? (a) 5040 (b) 4050 (c) 3040 (d) 8040 (e) None of these 2. How many words begin with R? (a) 720 (b) 360 (c) 1440 (d) 1080 (e) None of these 3. How many words begin with R and ends with W? (a) 120 (b) 240 (c) 180 (d) 360 (e) None of these 4. How many words are there in which R and W are at the end positions? (a) 120 (b) 180 (c) 210 (d) 240 (e) None of these 5. How many words are there in which N and B are together? (a) 720 (b) 360 (c) 540 (d) 1440 (e) None of these

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6. How many words are there in which I and O are never together? (a) 1440 (b) 720 (c) 3600 (d) 1440 (e) None of these 7. How many words are there in which vowels are never together? (a) 720 (b) 1440 (c) 360 (d) 3600 (e) None of these 8. How many words are there in which A is always before I and I is always before O? (a) 840 (b) 420 (c) 720 (d) 1080 (e) None of these 9. How many words are there in which vowels are always before the consonants? (a) 72 (b) 144 (c) 96 (d) 120 (e) None of these 10. How many words are there in which first and last letters are vowels? (a) 360 (b) 720 (c) 1440 (d) 2880 (e) None of these 11. If all the words formed are arranged in a dictionary form, then what is the position of the word RAINBOW in that dictionary? (a) 3136 (b) 3631 (c) 3361 (d) 1363 202

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(e) None of these 12. If no two consonants are together then in how many ways can the letters be arranged? (a) 441 (b) 420 (c) 360 (d) 144 (e) None of these 13. How many words can be formed so that the vowels may occupy only even positions? (a) 567 (b) 144 (c) 576 (d) 625 (e) None of these 14. How many different words can be formed so that the vowels occupy odd places? (a) 676 (b) 625 (c) 343 (d) 576 (e) None of these 15. In how many ways can the letters be arranged so that only two vowels always remain together? (a) 2880 (b) 1440 (c) 3200 (d) 4096 (e) None of these 16. There are 6 books on Physics, 3 on Chemistry and 4 on Biology. In how many ways can these be placed on a shelf if the books on the same subject are to be together? (a) 622080 (b) 888000 (c) 222000 (d) 413080 (e) None of these

203

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17. In how many ways can the letters of the word TAMANNA be arranged? (a) 120 (b) 420 (c) 840 (d) 720 (e) None of these 18. There are 3 red. 4 green and 5 pink marbles in a bag. They are drawn one by one and arranged in a row. Assuming that all the 12 marbles are drawn, determine the number of different arrangements. (a) 22770 (b) 27720 (c) 22077 (d) 27270 (e) None of these 19. How many numbers of 5 digits can be formed with the digits 0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 if the digits many repeat? (a) 2500 (b) 250 (c) 120 (d) 2400 (e) None of these 20. How many numbers each lying between 9 and 1000 can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 (numbers can be repeated)? (a) 30 (b) 120 (c) 210 (d) 90 (e) None of these Answers:1. (a)

5. (d)

9. (b)

13. (b)

17. (b)

2. (a)

6. (c)

10. (b)

14. (d)

18. (b)

3. (a)

7. (b)

11. (b)

15. (a)

19. (a)

4. (d)

8. (a)

12. (d)

16. (a)

20. (c)

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Answers and Explanations: 1. There are 7 letters in the word RAINBOW and each letter is used only once. So all the 7 letters can be arranged in 7! Ways. 7! = 7×6×5×4×3×2×1 = 5040. 2. If we fix R as the initial letter, then we have to arrange only 6 remaining letters. Hence required number of permutations = 6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720 3. If we fix R and W as the first and last letters then we have to arrange only 5 remaining letters which can be arranged in 5! = 120 ways. 4. When R and W are the first and last letters of all the words then we can arrange them in 5! Ways. Similarly when W and R are the first and last letters of the words then the remaining letters can be arrange in 5! Ways. Thus the total number of permutations = 2 × 5! = 2 × 120 = 240 Alternatively: Except to R and W all the remaining 5 letters can be arranged in 5! Ways and R and W can be arranged in 2! Ways at the end positions. The total number of permutations = 2! × 5! = 2×120 = 240 5. Assume N and B as a single letter, then we have only 6 letters for the arrangement i.e., A, I, R, O, W, BN which can be arranged in 6! Ways. Now B and N can also be mutually arranged in 2! Ways Therefore total number of arrangements = 2! × 6! = 2 × 720 = 1140 6. Number of permutations when I and O are together = 2! × 6! = 1440 (Very similar to the previous question) Total number of permutations = 7! = 5040 205

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 Number of permutations when I and O are not together = 5040 – 1440 = 3600 7. There are three vowels viz., A, I and O First of all arrange all the four consonants which can be done in 4! Ways. Now we have 5 places available for the three vowels to be filled up, which can be done in 5 P3 ways. Thus the total number of arrangements = 4!5 P3  24 

5! 2!

= 24 × 60 = 1440 8. First of all we arrange all the 4 consonants in 4! Ways. Now we have 5 places for the 3 vowels as 1. C1 2. C2 3. C3 4. C4 5. I. When all the three vowels AIO are together then 5 places can be filled in 5 ways. II. When A and I are together and O is separated from “AI” then the 5 places can be filled up in 10 ways. III. When I and O are together and A is separated from “IO” then the 5 places can be filled up in 10 ways. IV. When A, I and O are separated from each other then the 5 places can be filled up in 10 ways. Thus there are total 5 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 35 ways in which 5 places can be filled up such that A is before I and I is before O. Hence total number of ways in which all the 7 letters of RAINBOW can be arranged in which A is before I and I is before O = 4! × 35 = 24 × 35 = 840. Alternatively: All the 7 letters of the word RAINBOW can be arranged in 7! Ways. And 3 particular letters (A, I, O) can be arranged in 3! Ways. But the given condition is satisfied by only 1 cut of 6 ways, hence required number of arrangements. 

7!  7  6  5  4  840 3!

9. Let all the vowels be in a single packet and all the consonants be in the other packet. Now all the vowels can be arranged in 3! Ways and all the consonants can be arranged in 4! Ways. Hence total number of arrangements = 3! × 4! = 6 × 24 = 144 206

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10. The first and last letters can be arranged in 3P2 ways and the remaining letters can be arranged in 5! Ways. Hence required number of permutations = 3P2 × 5! = 6 × 120 = 720 11. The correct order of the letters is as follows: A, B, I, N, O, R, W Number of words begin with A = 6! Number of words begin with B = 6! Number of words begin with I = 6! Number of words begin with N = 6! Number of words begin with O = 6! Number of words begin with RAB = 4! Number of words begin with RAIB = 3! Now the next word is RAINBOW (it is the first word which begins with RAIN) So the ranking of the word RAINBOW = 5 × 6! + 4! + 3! + 1 = 3631 12. First arrange the 3 vowels which can be done in 3! Ways. Now there are 4 places created by the 3 vowels which can be filled up by 4 consonants in 4P4 ways. Therefore total number of required permutations = 3! × 4P4 = 6 × 24 = 144 13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In order that vowels may occupy even places arrange all the 3 vowels, then arrange all the four consonants in four places. Thus the required number of arrangements = 3! × 4! = 144

207

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14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 First or all arrange any 3 consonants at even places in 4P3 ways. Now the newly created four odd places can be filled by the remaining letters which includes 3 vowels and 1 consonants, which can be done in 4P4 ways. Hence the required number of permutation = 4P3 × 4P4 = 24 × 24 = 576 15. First of all arrange all the four consonants R, N, B, W in 4! Ways. Then there are 5 places to be filled up by the vowels. But any two vowels are always together then we assume that there are only two vowels which can be filled in 5 places in 5 P2 ways. But we have to take any two vowels together out of 4 vowels then this can be done in 3P2 ways. Hence the total number of permutation = 5P2 × 3P2 × 4! = 20 × 6 × 24 = 2880 16. All the 6 books on Physics can be mutually arranged in 6! Ways. Similarly 3 books on Chemistry and 4 books on Biology can be arranged in 3! And 4! Ways respectively. Besides it the three sets of Physics, Chemistry and Biology also can be arranged in 3! Ways  Required number of permutations = 3! × 6! × 3! × 4! = 622080 17. There are total 7 letters of which A occurs 3 times and N occurs 2 times. Hence, the required number of ways = 

7!  420 3! .2!

18. There are total 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 marbles of which 3 are red (alike), 4 green (alike) and 3 are pink (alike).  The required number of arrangements 

12 ! 3!  4!  5!

= 27720

19. Ten thousands place can assume only non-zero digits hence ten thousands place can be filled up in 4 ways and thousands place can be filled up in 5 ways since repetition is allowed (and 0 can be filled up in this place). Similarly hundreds, tens and unit place be filled up in 5 ways each.  The required number of numbers = 4 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 2500 208

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20. The number lying between 9 and 1000 consist of 2 or 3 digits in which repetitions are allowed. Case 1. (For two digit numbers) As the tens place can be filled by only non-zero digits and unit digit can be filled up in 6 ways.  The number of 2 digit numbers = 5 × 6 = 30 Case 2. (For three digit numbers) Hundreds place can be filled up by only non-zero digits hence it can be done in 5 ways and the rest of the places i.e., tens and unit places can be filled up in 6 ways each.  The number of 3 digit numbers = 5 × 6 × 6 = 180  Total number of numbers = 30 + 180 = 210

209

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Combinations Introduction: In the SBI PO exams the questions based on Combination having been asked few times and from the exam point of view it is very important to understand the basic concepts of Combination to solve these questions. Combination: The number of different selections or groups which can be made by taking some or all of a number of given things or objects at a time is called combination. The number of combinations of n different things taken r at a time = n C r or n C r . Here, n C r = 𝑟!×

𝑛! 𝑛 −𝑟 !

For example, 6 C 3 = 3! ×

6!

6×5×4×3×2×1

6−3 !

= 3×2×1×3×2×1 = 20.

Few important results, n

C 0 = n C n = 1.

n

C 1 = n C (n – 1) = n.

Here, we will practice few questions to understand more about combination. From a given group of object each of the number of groups which are formed by taking some objects or all objects at a time without caring about the sequence of the objects is called combination. The number of combination formed by taking r objects at a time out of n object is denoted by n𝐶𝑟 where C expresses combination. n𝐶𝑟 = 𝑟!

𝑛! 𝑛−𝑟 !

For example if we have 3 objects A , B and C , 2 objects are taken out at a time then 3 combination are formed AB , BC and CA. Note: 

If r= 0 , then n𝐶0 = 0!



If r= 1 , then n𝐶1 = 1!



If r= n , then n𝐶𝑛 = 𝑛 !



n𝐶𝑟 = n𝐶(𝑛−𝑟)

210

𝑛! 𝑛−0 ! 𝑛! 𝑛 −1 ! 𝑛!

=1 =n

𝑛−𝑛 !

=1

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Example: Find the value of 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑪𝟗𝟗 . Solution: We have, 100𝐶99 =

100 !

100 !

100 −99 ! ×99!

= 1! ×99! = 100 {Because 1! =1}

Restricted combination: The combination of r object out of n objects on which p specific objects: 1. Are always included is n-p𝐶𝑟−𝑝 . We have to keep aside p specific objects and to select remaining (n-p). 2. Are never included is n-p𝐶𝑟 . Since p specific object are never included we have to form the combination taking r obects out of (n-p) objects. The number of ways to select some or all thing out of any number of given thing: There are 2 ways to select anything i.e. either it will be selected or not. Therefore number of ways to select n things is 2 × 2 × …………… n times = 2𝑛 . In these empty selection is also include. For non- empty selection is 2𝑛 -1. Note: n𝐶1 + n𝐶2 +…………………………. + n𝐶𝑛 = 2𝑛 -1. Difference between permutation and combination: Suppose there are 5 objects out of which 2 have to be chosen. Permutation

Combination

Number of required way

= 2!

=

5! 5−2 !

5! 5−2 !

5!

= 2!3! =

5×4 2

= 10

5!

= 3! = 5×4 = 20 So it is clear that in permutation order matters while in combination order does not matter.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. In a test paper there are total 10 questions. In how many different ways can you choose 6 questions to answer? (a) 210 (b) 540 (c) 336 (d) 120 (e) None of these 2. In the above question if the question number 1 is compulsory in how many ways can you choose to answer 6 questions in all? (a) 53 (b) 63 (c) 126 (d) 210 (e) None of these 3. Deepti has 5 friends. In how many ways can she invite one or more of them to a dinner? (a) 31 (b) 55 (c) 13 (d) 25 (e) None of these 4. In how many ways can a committee of 6 members be formed from 7 men and 6 ladies consisting of 4 men and 2 ladies? (a) 252 (b) 525 (c) 625 (d) 256 (e) None of these 5. A committee of 5 persons is to be formed from a group of 6 gentlemen and 4 ladies. In how many ways can this be done if the committee is to be included at least one lady? (a) 123 (b) 113 (c) 246 (d) 945 (e) None of these

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6. A committee of 7 persons is to be chosen from 13 persons of whom 6 are Americans and 7 are Indians. In how many ways can the selection be made so as to retain a majority of Indians? (a) 945 (b) 1057 (c) 923 (d) 1056 (e) None of these 7. In how many ways can a committee of 4 men and 3 women be appointed from 6 men and 8 women? (a) 480 (b) 408 (c) 420 (d) 840 (e) None of these 8. In the previous question what will be the number of committees in which Miss A refuses to serve if Mr. B is a member? (a) 210 (b) 420 (c) 630 (d) 720 (e) None of these 9. A committee of 3 experts is to be selected out of a panel of 7 persons, three of them are engineers, three of them are managers and one is both engineer and manager. In how many ways can the committee be selected if it must have at least an engineer and a manager? (a) 33 (b) 22 (c) 11 (d) 66 (e) None of these 10. A committee of 5 persons is to be formed out of 6 gents and 4 ladies. In how many ways this can be done, when at most two ladies are included? (a) 186 (b) 168 (c) 136 213

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(d) 169 (e) None of these 11. Mr. Adi has 18 acquaintances of whom 13 are relatives. In how many ways he may invite 10 guests so that 8 of whom are relatives? (a) 12870 (b) 22022 (c) 20222 (d) 12780 (e) None of these 12. If there are 11 players in a cricket team, all of whom shake hands with each other, how many shake hands take place in the team? (a) 36 (b) 55 (c) 66 (d) 96 (e) None of these 13. Amit has a list of 24 friends. He wishes to invite some of them in such a manner that he can enjoy maximum number of parties, but in each party the number of friends (i.e., invitees) be same and each party must have different set of persons. Then how many parties can Amitabh enjoy? (a) 2704156 (b) 357600 (c) 235763 (d) 270156 (e) None of these 14. An ice-cream parlor offers only family packs of ice-creams with 11 different flavors. If each member of a family loves different flavors, the maximum how many such families can purchase the ice-cream if each family contains equal number of persons? (a) 246 (b) 462 (c) 123 (d) 11C2 (e) None of these

214

SBI PO Exam Study Package

15. In the previous question what is the maximum possible number of member in a family? (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8 (e) None of these 16. In a meeting everyone had shaken hands with everyone else, it was found that 66 handshakes were exchanged. How many members were present in the meeting? (a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 12 (d) 8 (e) None of these 17. A cricket team of 11 players is to be formed from 16 players including 4 bowlers and 2 wicket keepers. In how many different ways can a team be formed so that the team has atleast 3 bowlers and at least one wicket keeper? (a) 2472 (b) 2274 (c) 2472 (d) 1236 (e) None of these 18. A cricket team of 11 players is to be formed from 20 players including 6 bowlers and 3 wicket keepers. In how many different ways can a team be formed so that the team contain exactly 2 wicket keepers and at least 4 bowlers? (a) 22725 (b) 27225 (c) 22275 (d) 22775 (e) None of these 19. An urn contains 5 different red and 6 different green balls. In how many ways can 6 balls be selected so that there are at least two balls of each colour? (a) 425 (b) 245 (c) 125 (d) 625 (e) None of these 215

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20. Find the number of straight lines formed by joining 6 different points on a plane, no three of them being collinear. (a) 21 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 24 (e) None of these Answers:1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)

5. 6. 7. 8.

(c) (b) (d) (c)

9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b)

13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (c)

17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b)

Answer Explanations:1. Out of 10 questions, 6 questions can be selected in 10C6 ways  10C6 = 210 2. Since question number 1 is compulsory so we have to choose only 5 questions from rest of the 9 questions, which can be done in 9C5 ways  9C5 = 126 3. She may invite one or more friends by selecting either 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 friends out of 5 friends.  1 friend can be selected out of 5 in 5C1 ways 2 friends can be selected out of 5 in 5C2 ways 3 friends can be selected out of 5 in 5C3 ways 4 friends can be selected out of 5 in 5C4 ways 5 friends can be selected out of 5 in 5C5 ways Hence the required number of ways = 5C 1 + 5C 2 + 5C 3 + 5C 4 + 5C 5 = 5 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 31

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Alternatively: 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C3 + 5C4 + 5C5 = 25 – 1 = 3 ! Since, nC1 + nC2 + nC3 + …. + nCn = 2n –1 4. A men can be selected out of 7 men in 7C4 ways And ladies can be selected out of 6 ladies in 6C2 ways Hence, the required number of ways = 7C4 × 6C2 = 35 × 15 = 525 5. A committee of 5 persons is to be formed from 6 gentlemen and 4 ladies by taking. a. 1 lady out of 4 and 4 gentlemen out of 6. b. 2 ladies out of 4 and 3 gentlemen out of 6. c. 3 ladies out of 4 and 2 gentlemen out of 6. d. 4 ladies out of 4 and 1 gentlemen out of 6. In case I the number of ways = 4C1 × 6C4 = 4×15 = 60 In case II the number of ways = 4C2 × 6C3 = 6×20 = 120 In case III the number of ways = 4C3 × 6C2 = 4×15 = 60 In case IV the number of ways = 4C4 × 6C1 = 1×6 = 6 Hence, the required number of ways = 60 + 120 + 60 + 6 = 246 6. A committee of 7 persons retaining a majority of Indians can be made from 6 Americans and 7 Indians by taking. a. 1 American out of 6 and 6 Indians out of 7. b. 2 Americans out of 6 and 5 Indians out of 7. c. 3 Americans out of 6 and4 Indians out of 7. In case I the number of ways = 6C1 × 7C6 = 6 × 7 = 42 In case II the number of ways = 6C2 × 7C5 = 15 ×21 = 315 In case III the number of ways = 6C3 × 7C4 = 20 × 35 = 300 Hence, the required number of ways = 700 + 315 + 42 = 1057 7. Required number of ways = 6C4 × 8C3 = 15 × 56 = 840 8. The number of committees in which both Miss. A and Mr. B are always members. We can select rest 3 men from the remaining 5 in 5C3 ways and rest 2 women from the remaining 7 in 7C2 ways.  The required number of ways in which both Miss. A and Mr. B are always included 217

SBI PO Exam Study Package

= 5C3 × 7C2 = 10 × 21 = 210 Hence the required number of ways in which Miss. A and Mr. B do not serve together = 840–210 = 630 9. 3 experts including at least an engineer and a manager can be selected by taking. a. 2 managers out of 3 and 1 engineer out of 3. b. 1 manager out of 3 and 2 engineer out of 3. c. 2 persons out of 6 (3 managers and 3 engineers) and 1 person out of one who is both engineer and manager. In case I, the number of ways = 3C2 × 3C1 = 9 In case II, the number of ways = 3C1 × 3C2 = 9 In case III, the number of ways = 6C2 × 1C1 = 15 Hence, the required number of ways = 9 + 9 + 15 = 33. 10. A committee of 5 persons, consisting of at most two ladies, can be formed in the following ways. a. Selecting 5 gents only out of 6. b. Selecting 4 gents only out of 6 and one lady out of 4. c. Selecting 3 gents only out of 6 and two ladies out of 4. In case I, the number of ways = 6C5 In case II, the number of ways = 6C4 × 4C1 In case III, the number of ways = 6C3 × 4C2  Required number of ways = 6C5 + 6C4 × 4C1 + 6C3 × 4C2 = 6 + 60 + 120 = 186 11. Required number of ways = 13C8 × 5C2 = 1287 × 10 = 12870 12. One hand shake requires two different persons.  Number of hand shakes = number of ways of selecting two persons out of 11 persons = 11C2 = 55

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13. If n is even, nCr is maximum when r =  Number of invitees in a party 

n 2

24  12 2

And maximum possible number of parties = 24C12 = 2704156 14. If n is odd, nCr is maximum when n –1 n 1 or r  2 2

r

r

11– 1 11  1  5 or r  6 2 2

 11C5 = 11C6 = 462 15. Possible number of members in a family is either 5 or 6. So, the maximum possible number of family members = 6 16. Let there were n persons in the meeting, then number of handshakes = nC2  nC2 = 66 

n!  66 2!(n – 2)!



n(n – 1)  66 2



n(n–1) = 132

 n = 12

Alternatively: Go through options. 17. Total number of bowlers = 4 Total number of wickets keepers = 2 Rest (normal) players = 10

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Possible Combinations: Bowlers

Wicket

Normal

Keepers

Players

3

1

7

3

2

6

4

1

6

4

2

5

 Required number of ways = (4C3 × 2C1 × 10C7) + (4C3 × 2C2 × 10C6) + (4C4 × 2C1 × 10C6) + (4C4 × 2C2 × 10C5) = (3×1×7) + (3×2×6) + (4×1×6)+ (4×2×5) = 960 + 840 + 420 + 252 = 2472 18. Total number of bowles = 6 Total number of wicket keepers = 3 Total number of normal players = 11

[20–(6+3)]

Possible combinations: Bowlers

Wicket

Normal

Keepers

Players

4

2

5

5

2

4

6

2

3

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

 Required number of ways = (6C4 × 3C2 × 11C5) + (6C5 × 3C2 × 11C4) + (6C6 × 3C2 × 11C3) = 20790 + 5940 + 495 = 27225 19. Total number of red balls = 5 Total number of green balls = 6 Possible Combinations are: Red

Green

2

4

3

3

4

2

 Required number of selections = (5C2 × 6C4) + (5C3 × 6C3) + (5C4 × 6C2) = 425 20. A line required 2 end points for its formation. Hence required number of lines = 2 points selected from 6 points = 6C2 = 15 Thus out of total 6 non-collinear point 15 lines can be drawn.

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Probability Introduction: With the changing pattern of bank PO exams the State Bank of India has also included few questions from probability to access the quantitative aptitude of a candidate. The questions of probability in the exam are also based on a given data but in the next exam there may be some changes in the questioning pattern. Therefore, we have included this chapter for the candidates to increase their possibility of being selected in the exam. Here, we will study the basic concepts of probability and also solve few questions. Probability: It is a mathematical measurement of uncertainty of an event. The value of Probability varies from 0 to 1. The 0 value of an event’s probability indicates that the event cannot happen. On the other side the value 1 for any event indicates that the event is certain. Some Important Term 1. Experiment: It is an operation which produces some well defined outcomes. 2. Random Experiment: It is an experiment in which all the possible outcomes are known but the exact output cannot be predicted in advance. For example; Rolling an unbiased dice, Tossing a fair coin etc. 3. Sample Space: It is a set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment. For Example; if we toss a coin the possible outcomes are head (H) and tail (T). Therefore the sample space for tossing a coin = {H, T}. 4. Event: It is a subset of a sample space. It can be understood as an element or a group of elements from the sample space set. For Example; if we toss two coins, the possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}. Here the events can be; only H = {HH}, only one H = {HT, TH} or no H = {TT}. 5. Probability of an Event: Let S be the sample space and E be and Event in the given sample space. Then, E  S. ∴ 𝐏 𝐄 =

𝐧(𝐄) 𝐧(𝐒)

.

Some Important Results 1. P(S) = 1, 2. 0  P(E)  1 3. P(  ) = 0 4. For event A and B, P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) 5. If A is (not A), then P ( A ) = 1 – P (A). Some Important Formulae 1. n ! = n (n – 1) (n – 2) ......... 3.2.1 222

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2. 0 ! = 1 = 1 ! 3. Selection of r things out of n things = n C r = 𝑟 ! 4. 5.

n n

𝑛! 𝑛−𝑟 !

=

𝑛 𝑛 −1

𝑛 − 2 …… 𝑡𝑜 𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

𝑟 𝑟 −1

𝑟 − 2 ….. 3.2.1

n

Cn= C0=1 C r = n C (n – r)

The mathematical measure of the uncertainty is called probability. For example, consider the following questions: (a) (b) (c) (d)

Will it rain today? Which of the three candidates will win? On throwing a dice, the number obtained will be even or odd? On tossing a coin, head will occur or tail will occur?

The answer to all these question is not sure i.e. there is uncertainty .We study the uncertainty of the result of such question in the theory of probability , which may not have one result but more than one result are possible . Random experiment: The experiments in which the outcomes cannot be predicted before hand is called random experiments. When these kind of experiment are repeated under identical condition, they do not produce the same outcome every time and there may be many possible outcome which depends upon chance and cannot be predicted. For example, on tossing a coin either the head will come up or the tail will come up, we cannot predict it. This is an example of random event. Sample Space: The set of all possible outcomes of experiments is called the sample space and it is denoted by S. And the subset of a sample space is called an event. That is, every subset A of the sample space S is an event of that random experiment. For example, in an experiment of tossing a coin, if h is obtained then it is a random event, since here S = {H, T} and {H}⊆S Now, the probability of any event A can be defined as the ratio between the number of favourable outcomes to the event A and the number of total equiprobable outcomes, that is P(A) =

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴

=

𝑛 (𝐴) 𝑛 (𝑆)

Here it should be noted that the probability of a certain or sure event is 1 and that of impossible event is 0. 𝑛 (𝐴)

Now, since the probability of an event to occur is = 𝑛 (𝑆)

𝑛 (𝐴)

So the probability of an event A not to occur is = 1 – 𝑛(𝑆) 223

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Mutually Exclusive events: Two events A and B are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot occur together, that is simultaneously. For example , on throwing a dice , the events A = { 2,4,6 } and B = { 1,3,5 } are mutually exclusive events , i.e. A∩B =𝜑. In term of probability if A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P (A∪B) = P (A) + P (B) and, P (S) = P (A) + P (A’) = 1 where A’ is Complement of A. Example: If a dice is thrown once then the probability of the number appearing on dice is more than 2? (a) (b) (c) (d)

1/3 1/2 2/3 4.3/4

Solution: As there are 6 faces on a dice, So the total number of possible events are 1, 2 , 3 ……. 6 , that is = 6 Now the number more than are 3, 4 , 5 and 6 So total number of favourable events = Probability of an event = Number of favourable events Number of possible events 4

2

Required probability = 6 = 3 Example : An urn contains 3 green, 6 red, and 4 black balls. 3 balls are drawn. Find the probability that all 3 balls are of same colour? (a) 3/44 (b) 25/286 (c) 15/286 (d) 5/286 Solution: Total number of balls in an urn is 13. Number of ways 3 balls can be drawn out of 13 balls = 13𝐶3 = 3×2×1

Numbers of ways 3 green balls are drawn = 3𝐶3 = 1×2×3 = 1 6×5×4

Numbers of ways 6 red balls are drawn = 6𝐶3 = 1×2×3 = 20 4×3×2

Numbers of ways 4 black balls are drawn = 4𝐶3 = 1×2×3 = 4 224

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13×12×11 1×2×3

= 286

Now, 1

20

4

25

The required probability = 286 + 286 + 286 = 286 SOLVED EXAMPLES 1. In how many different ways can the letters of the word 'THERAPY' be arranged so that the vowels never come together? (IBPS CWE PO MT 2012) (1) 720 (2) 1440 (3) 5040 (4) 3600 (5) 4800 Solution: Total number of letters is 7, and these letters can be arranged in 7! ways . = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 5040 ways There are seven letters in the word THERAPY including 2 vowels. (E, A) and five consonants. Consider two vowels as one letter. We have 6 letters which can be arranged in 6P6 = 6 ways. But vowels can be arranged in 2! ways. Hence, the number of ways, all vowels will come together = 6! x 2! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 2 = 1440 Total number of ways in which vowels will never come together = 5040 - 1440 = 3600 Ans: (4) 2. A bag contains 13 white and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that they are of the same colour? (IBPS CWE PO MT 2012) 41

(1) 190 21

(2) 190 (3) (4)

59 190 99 190

225

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(5)

77 190

Solution: Total number of balls = 13 + 7 = 20 Number of sample space = n(S) = 20C2 = 190 Number of events = n(E) = 13C2 + 7C2 = 78 + 21 = 99 n(E) 99 ∴ P(E) = n(S) = 190 Ans: (4) Directions (1-5): Study the given information carefully to answer the questions that follow. An urn contains 4 green, 5 blue, 2 red and 3 yellow marbles. 3. If two marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that both are red or at least one is red? 26

(1) 91 1

(2) 7 199

(3) 364 (4)

133 191

(5) None of these Solution: Total number of marbles in the urn

= 4 + 5 + 2 + 3 = 14 Total number of possible outcomes = Selection of 2 marbles out of 14 marbles = 14C2=

14 × 13 1×2

= 91

Total number of favourble cases = 2C2 + 2C1 + 12C1 = 1 + 2 x 12 = 25 25

∴ required probability = 91 Ans: (5) 226

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4. If three marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that at least one is yellow? 1

(1) 3 199

(2) 264 165

(3) 364 (4)

3 11

(5) None of these Solution: Total number of possible outcomes

= 14C3 =

14 × 13 ×12 1×2×3

= 364

When no marbles is yellow, favourable number of cases = 14C3 =

11 × 10 ×9 1×2×3

= 165 165

∴ Probability that no marble is yellow = 364 ∴ required probability = (Probability that at least one is yellow) = (1 - Probability that no marble is yellow) 165

= 1- 364 =

364 −165 364

199

= 364

Ans: (3) 5. If eight marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that there are equal numbers of marbles of each colour? 4

(1) 7 361

(2) 728 (3)

60 1001 1

(4) 1 (5) None of these

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

14

14

n

n

Solution: Total possible outcomes = C8 = C6 [∵ C r = Cn-r] 14×13 × 12×11×10×9 1×2×3×4×5×6

= 3003

Total number of favourable cases = 4C2 x 5C2 x 2C2 X 3C2 = 6 x 10 x 1 x 3 = 180 = 3003 180

60

∴ required probability = 3003 = 1001 Ans: (3) 6. If three marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that none is green? (1)

2 7 253

(2) 728 (3)

10 21 14

(4) 21 30

(5) 91 Solution: Total number of possible outcomes

= 14C2 =

14×13 ×12 1×2×3

= 364

Now, according tot the question, no marble should be green. ∴Total number of favourable outcomes = Selection of 3 marbles out of 5 blue, 2 red and 3 yellow marbles = 10C3 =

10 x 9 x 8 1×2×3

= 120 120

∴ required probability = 364 =

30 91

Ans: (5)

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7. If three marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that two are blue and two are red? (1) (2)

10 1001 9 14 17

(3) 364 (4)

2 7

(5) None of these Solution: Total number of possible outcomes

= 14C4 =

14×13×12×11 1×2×3×4

= 1001

Total number of favourable cases = 5C2 x 22C = 10 x 1 = 10 10

∴ required probability = 1001 Ans: (1)

Directions (Q. 8-10): Study the given information carefully and answer the questions that follow: A basket contains 4 red, 5 blue and 3 green marbles. 8. If three marbles are picked at random, what is the probability that either all are green or all are red? 1) 2) 3) 4)

7 44 7 12 5 12 1 44

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5) None of these Solution : P(All Green) + P(All Red) = 3C3 / 12C3 + 4C3 / 12C3 = 1/44 Ans : (4) 9. If two marbles are drawn at random, what is the probability that both are red? 1) 2) 3) 4)

3 7 1 2 2 11 1 6

5) None of these Solution : 4C2 / 12C2 = 1/11 Ans : (5) 10. If three marbles are picked at random, what is the probability that at least one is blue? 7

1) 12 37

2) 44 3)

5 12 7

4) 44 5) None of these Solution: 1 – P (None Blue) = 1- (7C3 / 12C3) = 37/44

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Three unbiased coins are tossed. The probability of getting two heads is (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 8 3 8 5 8 7 8

(e) None of these 2. Three unbiased coins are tossed. The probability of getting one head is (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 8 3 8 5 8 7 8

(e) None of these 3. Three unbiased coins are tossed. The probability of getting at least one head is (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 8 3 8 5 8 7 8

(e) None of these 4. Three unbiased coins are tossed. The probability of getting at most one head is (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 2 3 8 5 8 7 8

(e) None of these

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5. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of obtaining a total score of six? (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 2 1 4 5 36 1 3

(e) None of these 6. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting same digits on both the dice? (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 2 1 4 5 36 1 6

(e) None of these 7. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting at least total score of seven? (a) (b) (c) (d)

7 12 1 4 5 36 1 3

(e) None of these 8. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that the obtained value on the both faces is not same? (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 2 1 4 5 6 1 6

(e) None of these

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9. A bag contains 6 red and 4 blue balls. If 4 balls are drawn at random. The probability that 2 are red and 2 are blue is (a) (b) (c) (d)

1 2 1 4 3 7 1 6

(e) None of these 10. A bag contains 7 red and 8 blue balls. If 5 balls are drawn at random. The probability that at least 4 blue balls are drawn is (a) (b) (c) (d)

17 2002 19 2002 42 1001 19 3003

(e) None of these Answers:1. (b)

3. (d)

5. (c)

7. (a)

9. (c)

2. (b)

4. (a)

6. (d)

8. (c)

10. (c)

Answer Hints: 1. All the possible outcomes when three coins are tossed; {hhh, hht, hth, thh, htt, tht, tth, ttt} 3. The favourable events are {hhh, hht, hth, thh, htt, tht, tth} 5. All the possible outcomes when two dice are throw {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), 233

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)} 9. Here the number of sample space means selection of 4 balls out of 10 balls = 10! 4! 10−4 !

=

10×9×8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1 4×3×2×1×6×5×4×3×2×1

10

C4 =

= 201.

Now the favourable events of selecting 2 red balls out of 6 red balls and 2 blue balls out of 4 4×3×2×1

6×5×4×3×2×1

blue balls = 4 C 2 × 6 C 2 = 2×1×2×1 × 2×1×4×3×2×1 = 90. 90

3

Therefore the required probability = 210 = 7.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Ratio & Proportion Introduction: The concept of Ratio and Proportion is very useful to solve questions on Data Interpretation. In this Unit we will learn the concepts of the topic and solve few questions. Ratio: A ratio is a comparison of two numbers (quantity in the same unit). It is written as, a: b = a b

= a ÷b, where a and b are two number (quantity).

In a ratio a : b, a and b are the terms of the ratio; ‘a’ is called the antecedent and ‘b’ is called the consequent. The word ‘antecedent’ literally means ‘that which goes before’ and the word consequent literally means ‘that which goes after’. Compound Ratio: Compounded ratio is a product of two or more ratios. Example: Find the ratio compounded of the three ratios: 2 : 3, 3 : 4 and 7 : 11 2 × 3 ×7

7

Solution: the required ratio is = 3 ×4 ×11 = 22 . Inverse Ratio: If a : b is a given ratio, then

1 a

1

∶ b or b : a is called its inverse ratio or reciprocal

ratio. If the antecedent (a) = the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of equality, such as 2 : 2. If the antecedent (a) > the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of greater inequality, such as 3 : 2. If the antecedent (a) < the consequent (b), the ratio is called the ratio of less inequality, such as 2 : 3. a

c

Proportion: A proportion expresses the equality of two ratios. e.g. b = d Or a : b = c : d or a : b :: c : d.

235

SBI PO Exam Study Package

In a proportion in the form of a : b :: c : d the first and the last terms are called the extremes and the second and the third terms or the middle terms are called as the mean terms. When four quantities are in proportion, we can write it in the mathematical form as a : b :: c : d a b

c

=d

ad = bc

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. If 2A = 3B =4C, then A : B : C is ; (a) 2 : 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 : 2 (c) 6 : 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4 : 3 (e) None of these 2. If

𝐴 3

=

𝐵 4

𝐶

= , then A : B : C is ; 5

(a) 4 : 3 : 5 (b) 3 : 4 : 5 (c) 5 : 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3 : 4 (e) None of these 3. The ratio of 43.5 : 25 is same as : (a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 8 : 1 (d) 16 : 1 (e) None of these 1 1

4. If :

5 𝑥

1

= :

1

𝑥 1.25

then the value of x is :

(a) 1.5 (b) 2 (c) 2.5 (d) 3.5 (e) None of these 5. If x : y = 5 : 2, the (8x+9y) : (8x + 3y) is : (a) 23 : 29 (b) 26 : 61 (c) 31 : 21 (d) 29 : 23 236

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(e) None of these 6. If 15% of x = 20% of y, then x : y is : (a) 4 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 7 : 3 (d) 7 : 4 (e) None of these 7. If x : y =3 : 2, then (x2 – y2) : (x2 + y2) is : (a) 5 : 13 (b) 13 : 5 (c) 9 : 4 (d) 4 : 9 (e) None of these 8. If

𝑥

4

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 9. If

𝑦

= , then (x + 4) : (y + 5) is equal to : 5

4:9 9:4 5:4 4:5 None of these

𝑎

=

3

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

𝑏 4

𝑐

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐

5

𝑐

= , then

is :

12 : 5 13 : 5 13 : 6 5 : 12 None of these

10. If Rs. 483 be divided into three parts, proportional to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

1 2

2

3

3

4

∶ ∶ , then the first part is :

155 126 137 115 None of these

237

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers 1. (c )

3. (b)

5. (d)

7. (a)

9. (a)

2. (b)

4. (c)

6. (a)

8. (d)

10. (b)

238

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Average Introduction: In this unit, we will learn the concept of Average and solve the questions based on it. The concept of Average is very helpful in solving various kinds of questions on Data Interpretation and Analysis. In this unit, we will learn the average, which is in more accurate meaning called as an arithmetic mean. Average is defined as the sum of n different numerical values divided by n. Average =

𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

Average Speed =

𝐧 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝

If a person covers half of his journey at a speed of x km/h and the next half at the speed of y km/h, then the average speed during the whole journey is Weighted Average of x1, x2 where weight is w1, w2 =

𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒙+𝒚

𝒘𝟏𝒙𝟏 + 𝒘𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒘𝟏 + 𝒘𝟐

.

.

Average of different groups If the average of a group of n items is a and the average of another group of m items is m, then the combined average =

𝐧𝐚 + 𝐦𝐛 𝐧 +𝐦

.

The term Average refers to the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. Average is used quite regular in our day to day life. For example to calculate the average marks of the students, Average height of a particular group etc. The term average is also referred to as ‘Mean’. Basic formula to calculate the average is as follows: Su m of all observation

Average = ( Number

of observation

)

Example. What is the average of First 10 Prime numbers? Solution: First 10 Prime number are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29. Hence, Average = {2+3+5+7+11+13+17+19+23+29} / 10 = 129 / 10 = 12.90 239

SBI PO Exam Study Package

So, Average of First 10 Prime numbers is 12.90. Example. The total number of sales visits made by a Salesman in the month of June is 90. What is the Average visit he makes per day? Solution: Number of days in the month of June are 30 Hence, Average Visit per day = Number of total visits / Number of total days = 90 / 30 =3 So, the salesman makes 3 visits per day.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. The average of a non-zero number and its square is 5 times the number. The number is: (a) 9 (b) 17 (c) 29 (d) 295 (e) None of these 2. The average age of the boys in a class is 16 and that of the girls is 15 years. The average age for the whole class is : (a) 15 years (b) 15.5 years (c) 16 years (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these 3. The average run of a cricket player of 10 innings was 25. How many runs must he make in his next inning so that his average becomes 30. (a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 80 (d) 100 (e) None of these 4. The mean of 36 observations was 25. It was found later that an observation 24 was wrongly taken as 42. The corrected new mean is : (a) 24 (b) 24.5 (c) 25 (d) 25.5 (e) None of these 5. The average weight of A, B and C is 50 kg. If the average weight of A and B be 45 kg and that of B and C be 54 kg, then the weight of B is : (a) 45 (b) 48 (c) 50 (d) 55 (e) None of these

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Answers 1. (a)

2. (d)

3. (c)

4. (b)

5. (b)

Answer Hints 1. (a) Let the number be x. Then x2 + x 2

= 5x  x 2 + x = 10x  x 2 + x − 10x = 0  x x − 9 = 0 ∴ x = 9.

2. (d) We can’t determine the average because there is no information about no. of girls and no. of boys. 3. (c) His total runs after 10 innings = 25 × 10 = 250 and his total score after 11th inning should be 11 × 30 = 330 to make his average 30. Therefore he requires another 330 – 250 = 80 runs. 4. (b) The wrongly taken figure is 42 for 24. It means, in the corrected average total value will 18

decrease by (42 – 24) = 18. Therefore the corrected average will reduce by 36 = 0.5. 5. (b) the total weight of A, B and C is A + B + C = 50 × 3 = 150 Similarly, A + B = 45 × 2 = 90 And B + C = 54 × 2 = 108

……(1) …….(2) ……….(3)

By (2) + (3) – (1) A + B + B + C – A – B – C = 108 + 90 – 150 ∴ B = 48.

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Percentage Introduction: In this unit, we will study about the concepts of Percentage and the questions based on the topic. The concepts of percentage are very helpful in solving various kinds of questions on Data Interpretation and Analysis. Percentage: The term “per cent” means “for every hundred”. A fraction whose denominators is 100 is called a percentage and the numerator of the fraction is called the rate per cent. It is denoted by the symbol %. 𝐱

𝟏𝟎

𝟏

Here x % = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 . For example 10% = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎. Similarly, fraction can be changed in the form of percentage when we multiply them by 100. 𝟏

𝟏

For Example ∶ 𝟒 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓%. To decrease a number by a given %: Multiple the numbers by the factor

100 −Rate 100

To find the % increase of a number: % increase =

Total increase Initial value

× 100 =

Final value −Initial value Initial value

× 100

To find the % decrease of a number: % decrease =

243

Total decrease Initial value

× 100 =

Final value −Final value Initial value

× 100

SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. In an election between two candidates, 75% of the voters casted their votes, out of which 2% of the votes were declared invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes which were 75% of the total valid votes. Find the total number of votes enrolled in that election. (a) 15000 (b) 16000 (c) 16800 (d) 17000 (e) None of these 2. If 50% of (x – y) = 30% of (x + y), then what percent of x is y? (a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 100% (e) None of these 3. The salary of a person was reduced by 10%. By what percent should his reduced salary be raised so as to bring it at par with his original salary? (a) 10 % 1

(b) 11 9 % (c) 12 % (d) 13 % (e) None of these 4. A single discount equivalent to a discount series 10%, 20% and 10% is (a) 40 % (b) 35.2 % (c) 30 % (d) 25.8 % (e) None of these 5. A single discount equivalent to a discount series 50% + 30% + 20% is (a) 100 % (b) 80 % (c) 75 % (d) 72 % (e) None of these 244

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Answers 1. (c)

2. (a)

3. (b)

4. (b)

5. (d)

Answer Hints 1. (c) Let the total enrolled votes are x. Then, Number of votes cast = 75 % of x. Valid votes = 98 % of (75 % of x). ∴ 75 % 0f [98 % of (75 % of x)] = 9261. 50

30

2. (a) here 50% of (x – y) = 30% of (x + y)  100 x − y = 100 (x + y)  10(x – y) = 6(x + y) 1

1

 10x – 6x = 6y + 10y  4x = 16y  4 x = y  25 % of x = y. because4 = 25%. 10

4. (b) Let we have 100 initially first 10 % discount = 100 × 100 = 10. 20

The second discount 20 % = 90 × 100 = 18. 10

The third discount 10 % = 72 × 100 = 7.2. Hence total discount = 10 + 18 + 7.2 = 35.2.

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English Language Antonyms Introduction: In this unit we will study about antonyms. The questions about antonyms are generally asked in SBI PO exams. The SBI PO exam will contain about three to five questions based on synonyms. Antonyms: The word comes from ancient Greek words ‘anti’ and ‘onoma’ where ‘anti’ means ‘opposite’ and ‘onoma’ means ‘name’. The literal meaning of antonyms is the opposite name which means the word which has opposite meaning. For example; Day – Night, Long – Short, Up – Down, Small – Large, etc There are three categories of antonyms as known by the characteristics relationship between the opposed meanings. 





Gradable Antonyms: When we have words which have definitions that lie on a continuous spectrum of meaning. Temperature is such a continuous spectrum so hot and cold, two meanings on opposite ends of the spectrum, are gradable antonyms. Other examples include: heavy, light; fat, skinny; dark, light; young, old; early, late; empty, full; dull, interesting. Complementary antonyms: When we have words whose meanings do not lie on a continuous spectrum and the words have no other lexical relationship. There is no continuous spectrum between push and pull but they are opposite in meaning and are therefore complementary antonyms. Other examples include: dead, alive; off, on; day, night; exit, entrance; exhale, inhale; occupied, vacant; identical, different. Relational antonyms: When we have words where the two meanings are opposite only within the context of their relationship. There is no lexical opposite of teacher, but teacher and pupil are opposite within the context of their relationship. This makes them relational antonyms. Other examples include: husband, wife; doctor, patient; predator, prey; teach, learn; servant, master; come, go; parent, child.

What type of questions is asked in Antonyms? A distinctive question on antonyms in Banking and other related competitive exams consists of a random word with four other options whose antonyms has to be picked up. The student needs to pick up nearly the opposite meaning as another word or other words in a language from a set of 4-5 choices.

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Tips to Students for solving Questions on antonyms for Competitive Examination effectively   

Students should develop their credibility by paying attention to intricacies of the grammar. Should have a clear idea about the various parts of speech and how they relate to one another. Students are advised to read newspapers daily, they should pick up a word from any of the paragraph and try to use it in making sentences in its different forms.

List of Commonly used Antonyms Ancient – modern, young, Fresh, New, current Annoy – soothe, comfort, delight, enchant, help, make happy, please, quiet, reassure, soothe, mollify, support, gratify Answer – question, problem, quiet, request, silence, trouble Apparent – obscure, unlikely, doubtful, dubious, equivocal, hidden, improbable. Argue – agree, agree, concur, give in, make peace, abstain, comply, harmonize, ignore, keep quiet, keep silent Arrive – depart, conceal, depart, fail, go, hide, leave, lose, miss, abandon Arrogant – humble, modest, shy, timid, unsure Ascend – descend, decline, decrease, drop, fall, slump, go down, low Attack – defend, retreat, pull, aid, defense, flight, health, protection, reprisal, resistance, shelter, shield, submission, support, surrender Attract – repel, bore, disenchant, disgust, disinterest, give up, refuse, reject, repulse, shun, turn off

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Awake – asleep, ignorant, inattentive, unaware Awkward – graceful, adroit, artful, clever, convenient, dexterous, easy, elegant birth – death, death, decease, demise, dying, expiry, illegitimate, adopted, adoptive bitter – sweet, acceptable, agreeable, allowable, amiable, amicable, ardent, balmy, bearable, blazing, blissful, blithe, blithesome, boiling, bright, black – white, abetted, ablaze, agleam, aglitter, albescent, alight, allowed, approved, ashen, ashy, authorized, beaming, beamy, blameless, bleached, blithe, blithesome, bright blunt – sharp, animate, bland, circuitous, civil, conditional, considerate, courteous, courtly, cultivated, cutting, diplomatic, edged, edgy body – soul, accessory, adjunct, angle, animal, appendage, aspect, beast, beastie, brute, component, constituent, critter, division, element, extension, facet, feature bold – timid, bashful, coy, timorous, inconspicuous, gradual, fearful, intimidated, invisible, trepid, mousy, mousey, bland, bottom – top, best, elevated, escalated, heightened, higher, highest, jacked, lifted, loftier, loftiest, raised, side brave – cowardly, afraid, agitated, anxious, appalled, apprehensive, atrocious, awful, bad, caitiff, careful, cautious, chicken, chicken-livered, chickenhearted, colorless, colourless brief – long, ceaseless, circuitous, circumlocutory, continuing, dateless, deathless, diffuse, durable bright – dull, absurd, airheaded, asinine, average, awkward, baleful, balmy, bearish, birdbrained, black, blackened, blank, bleak, blue, blustering, blustery, boneheaded bring – remove, abolish, arrest, bear away, bear off, can, carry away, carry off, check, clamp down, control, crack down, crush, curb, dampen

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boy – girl, daughter, female child busy – idle, asleep, bone-idle, bone-lazy, dead, dormant, dull, faineant, free, hands-off, heavy, idle, inactive buy – sell, barter, dispose of, exchange, extravagance, gouging, luxury, markup, overcharge capture – release, captor, custodian, discharge, dismiss, free, guard cause – effect, aftereffect, aftermath, by-product, conclusion, consequence, corollary, creation cautious – careless, absentminded, asleep, bold, brainish, brash, brave, drowsy, dull, forgetful center – edge, bound, boundary, circumference, conservative, far left, far-right, left, left-ofcenter change – remain, abide, bide, constancy, continuance, continue, endure, firmness, fixation, fixedness, fixity, hold, identity, invariability cheap – expensive, abstruse, admirable, altruistic, arduous, beneficent, benevolent, big-ticket, bounteous child – adult, ancient, antecedent, base, basis, causation, cause, consideration, determinant chilly – warm, emotional, hot, balmy, warm, lukewarm, tepid, heated, warmed, compassionate clean – dirty, addicted, aimless, armed, augean, bawdy, bedraggled, befoul, befouled, begrime, begrimed, below the belt, bemire, besmear close – open, distant, far, open, open up, yonder, long, yon, loosely knit, out-of-town, ventilated, remote, careless, public, coarse, communicatory, nonadjacent, harsh, generous cold – hot, active, affable, agreeable, alert, alive, amiable, animate, animated, ardent, awake, aware, baking, baking hot, blazing.

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List of Some More Commonly used Antonym Abundant

scarce

joy

Grief

Accept

refuse

knowledge

Ignorance

Accidental

intentional

lazy

industrious

Accurate

incorrect

literal

Figurative

Admit

deny

majority

Minority

Advance

retreat

maximum

Minimum

Antique

modern

merciful

Cruel

Attack

defend

miserable

Happy

Authentic

imitation

mix

Sort

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Beg

offer

moist

Dry

Cease

begin

naked

Clothed

Combine

separate

necessary

Useless

Comedy

tragedy

nourish

Starve

Condemn

praise

obey

Disobey

Conquer

fail

perfect

Faulty

Contract

expand

permit

Forbid

Dangerous

safe

positive

Negative

Depart

arrive

private

Public

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Destroy

create

prohibit

Allow

Discourage

encourage

reluctant

enthusiastic

Disgrace

honor

sane

Insane

Drunk

sober

simple

complicated

Dwarf

giant

shrink

Expand

Evil

good

slavery

Freedom

Exhibit

conceal

solid

Liquid

Exterior

interior

spend

Save

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Extinguish

ignite

stationary

Movable

Fail

succeed

stiff

Limp

Famous

unknown

strengthen

Weaken

Fertile

barren

swift

Slow

Fiction

fact

tardy

Early

Former

latter

temporary

permanent

Frequent

infrequent

thaw

Freeze

Gather

scatter

tough

Tender

Genuine

fake

triumph

Fail

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Generous

stingy

Grin

frown

unique

Ordinary

Harmony

discord

useful

Useless

Harsh

mild

usually

Rarely

Idle

busy

vacant

occupied

Imaginary

real

vanish

Appear

Import

export

victory

Defeat

Imprison

free

villain

Hero

254

.

unbreakable Fragile

SBI PO Exam Study Package

illegal

lawful

violent

Gentle

include

exclude

wealth

Poverty

interior

superior

worthless

Valuable

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE EXAMPLES Direction: In the given questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word and mark it in the Answer Sheet. 1. Condensation (a) Abridgment (b) Broadening (c) Compression (d) Concentration (e) None of these 2. Condemn (a) Praise (b) Censure (c) Disapproval (d) Doom (e) None of these 3. Encroach (a) Creep (b) Infringe (c) Intrude (d) Recede (e) None of these 4. Endeavour (a) Aim (b) Try (c) Abandon (d) Effort (e) None of these 5. Ferocious (a) Barbarous (b) Bloody (c) Brutal (d) Humane (e) None of these

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6. Fastidious (a) Censorious (b) Critical (c) Dainty (d) Careless (e) None of these 7. Greasy (a) Lean (b) Oily (c) Fatty (d) Sebaceous (e) None of these 8. Hallow (a) Consecrate (b) Desecrate (c) Dedicate (d) Devote (e) None of these 9. Harmonize (a) Accord (b) Differ (c) Agree (d) Cohere (e) None of these 10. Hazard (a) Adventure (b) Risk (c) Secure (d) Peril (e) None of these 11. Herculean (a) Athletic (b) Colossal (c) Feeble (d) Strong (e) None of these

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12. Hypothesis (a) Proof (b) Conjecture (c) Supposition (d) Theory (e) None of these 13. Impulsive (a) Deliberate (b) Careless (c) Hasty (d) Impetuous (e) None of these 14. Incomplete (a) Absolute (b) Defective (c) Faulty (d) Partial (e) None of these 15. Incurable (a) Hopeless (b) Irrecoverable (c) Remediable (d) Cureless (e) None of these 16. Judicious (a) Cautious (b) Considerate (c) Cool (d) Rash (e) None of these 17. Knot (a) Complication (b) Simplicity (c) Difficulty (d) Entanglement (e) None of these 258

SBI PO Exam Study Package

18. Lament (a) Complain (b) Moan (c) Cry (d) Rejoice (e) None of these 19. Legend (a) Caption (b) Fact (c) Fiction (d) Myth (e) None of these 20. Malpractice (a) Dereliction (b) Evil (c) Misbehavior (d) Right (e) None of these Answers 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c)

259

5. 6. 7. 8.

(d) (d) (a) (b)

9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (a)

13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (d)

Synonyms Introduction: In this unit we will study about synonyms. The questions about synonyms are generally asked in SBI PO exams. The SBI PO exam will contain about three to five questions based on synonyms. Synonyms: The word comes from ancient Greek words ‘syn’ and ‘onoma’ where ‘syn’ means ‘with’ and ‘onoma’ means ‘name’. Synonyms are the word which has similar meanings. Two words are said to be synonymous when they have similar meanings. The words caste and class is synonymous because both the words have similar meaning. Some examples of English synonyms: Verb -"buy" and "purchase" Adjective-"big" and "large" Adverb -"quickly" and "speedily" Preposition- "on" and "upon" What type of questions is asked in Synonyms? A distinctive question on synonyms in Banking and other related competitive exams consists of a random word with four other options whose synonyms has to be picked up. The student needs to pick up nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language from a set of 4-5 choices. Tips to Students for solving Questions on Synonyms for Competitive Examination effectively    

Students should develop their credibility by paying attention to intricacies of the grammar. Should have a clear idea about the various parts of speech and how they relate to one another. Students are advised to read newspapers daily, they should pick up a word from any of the paragraph and try to use it in making sentences in its different forms. While attempting questions on Synonyms, eliminate the incorrect options on the basis of parts of speech and vocabulary.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

List of Commonly used Synonyms Amazing

incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding, extraordinary

Anger

enrages, infuriate, arouse, nettle, exasperate, inflame, madden

Angry

mad, furious, enraged, excited, wrathful, indignant, exasperated, aroused, inflamed

Answer

reply, responds, retort, acknowledge

Ask

question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect.

Awful

dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor, unpleasant

Bad

evil, immoral, wicked, corrupt, sinful, depraved, rotten, contaminated, spoiled, tainted, harmful, injurious, unfavorable, defective, inferior, imperfect, substandard,

Beautiful

pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, dazzling, splendid, magnificent,

Begin

start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate

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Big

enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, colossal, gargantuan, large, sizable, grand.

Brave

courageous, fearless, dauntless, intrepid, plucky, daring, heroic, valorous, audacious,

Break

fracture, rupture, shatter, smash, wreck, crash, demolish, atomize

Bright

shining, shiny, gleaming, brilliant, sparkling, shimmering, radiant, vivid, colorful, lustrous, luminous, incandescent, intelligent, knowing, quick-witted, smart, intellectual

Calm

quiet, peaceful, still, tranquil, mild, serene, smooth, composed, collected, unruffled,

Come

approach, advance, near, arrive, reach

Cool

chilly, cold, frosty, wintry, icy, frigid

Crooked

bent, twisted, curved, hooked, zigzag

Cry

shout, yell, yowl, scream, roar, bellow, weep, wail, sob, bawl

Cut

gash, slash, prick, nick, sever, slice, carve, cleave, slit, chop, crop, lop, reduce

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Dangerous

perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain, unsafe

Dark

shadowy, unlit, murky, gloomy, dim, dusky, shaded, sunless, black, dismal, sad

Decide

determine, settle, choose, resolve

Definite

certain, sure, positive, determined, clear, distinct, obvious

Delicious

savory, delectable, appetizing, luscious, scrumptious, palatable, delightful, enjoyable, toothsome, exquisite

Describe

portray, characterize, picture, narrate, relate, recount, represent, report, record

Destroy

ruin, demolish, raze, waste, kill, slay, end, extinguish

Difference

disagreement, inequity, dissimilarity, incompatibility

Do

execute, enact, carry out, finish, conclude, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain

Dull

boring, tiring,, tiresome, uninteresting, slow, dumb, stupid, unimaginative, lifeless, dead

Eager

keen, fervent, enthusiastic, interested, alive to

End

stop, finish, terminate, conclude, close, halt, cessation, discontinuance

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

contrast,

involved,

Enjoy

appreciate, delight in, be pleased, indulge in, luxuriate in, bask in, relish, devour, savor, like

Explain

elaborate, clarify, define, interpret, justify, account for

Fair - just, impartial, unbiased, objective, unprejudiced, honest Fall - drop, descend, plunge, topple, tumble False - fake, fraudulent, counterfeit, spurious, untrue, unfounded, erroneous, deceptive, groundless, fallacious Fast - quick, rapid, speedy, fleet, hasty, snappy, mercurial, swiftly, rapidly, quickly, snappily Fat - stout, corpulent, fleshy, beefy, paunchy, plump, full, rotund, tubby, pudgy, chubby, chunky, burly, bulky, elephantine Fear - fright, dread, terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety, scare, awe, horror, panic, apprehension Fly - soar, hover, flit, wing, flee, waft, glide, coast, skim, sail, cruise Funny - humorous, amusing, droll, comic, comical, laughable, silly

Get

acquire, obtain, secure, procure, gain, fetch, find, score, accumulate, win, earn, rep, catch,

Go

recede, depart, fade, disappear, move, travel, proceed

Good

excellent, fine, superior, wonderful, marvelous,

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

qualified, suited, suitable, apt,

Great

noteworthy, worthy, distinguished, remarkable, grand, considerable, powerful,

Gross

improper, rude, coarse, indecent, crude, vulgar, outrageous, extreme, grievous, shameful, uncouth, obscene, low

HAPPY

PLEASED, CONTENTED, DELIGHTED, ELATED, JOYFUL, ECSTATIC, JUBILANT, GAY.

HATE

DESPISE, LOATHE, DETEST, ABHOR, DISFAVOR, DISLIKE, DISAPPROVE, ABOMINATE

HAVE

HOLD, POSSESS, OWN, CONTAIN, ACQUIRE, GAIN, MAINTAIN, BELIEVE, BEAR, BEGET, OCCUPY, ABSORB, FILL, ENJOY

HELP

AID, ASSIST, SUPPORT, ENCOURAGE, BACK, WAIT ON, ATTEND, SERVE, RELIEVE, SUCCOR, BENEFIT.

HIDE

CONCEAL, COVER, MASK, CLOAK, CAMOUFLAGE, SCREEN, SHROUD, VEIL

HURRY

RUSH, RUN, SPEED, RACE, HASTEN, URGE, ACCELERATE, BUSTLE

HURT

DAMAGE, HARM, INJURE, WOUND, DISTRESS, AFFLICT, PAIN

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SATISFIED, CHEERFUL,

Idea

thought, concept, conception, notion, understanding, opinion, plan, view, belief

Important

necessary, vital, critical, indispensable, valuable, essential, significant, primary, principal, considerable, famous, distinguished.

Interesting

fascinating, engaging, sharp, keen, bright, intelligent, animated, spirited, attractive, inviting, intriguing, provocative,

Keep

hold, retain, withhold, preserve, maintain, sustain, support

Kill

slay, execute, assassinate, murder, destroy, cancel, abolish

Lazy

indolent, slothful, idle, inactive, sluggish

Little

tiny, small, diminutive, shrimp, runt, miniature, puny, exiguous, dinky, cramped,

Look

gaze, see, glance, watch, survey, study, seek, search for, peek, peep, glimpse, stare,

Love

like, admire, esteem, fancy, care for, cherish, adore, treasure, worship, appreciate, savor

Make - create, originate, invent, beget, form, construct, design, fabricate, manufacture, produce, build, develop, do, effect, execute, compose, perform, accomplish, earn, gain, obtain, acquire, get 266

SBI PO Exam Study Package

Mark - label, tag, price, ticket, impress, effect, trace, imprint, stamp, brand, sign, note, heed, notice, designate Mischievous - prankish, playful, naughty, roguish, waggish, impish, sportive Move - plod, go, creep, crawl, inch, poke, drag, toddle, shuffle, trot, dawdle, walk, traipse Moody - temperamental, changeable, short-tempered, glum, morose, sullen, mopish, irritable, testy, peevish, fretful, spiteful, sulky, touchy Neat - clean, orderly, tidy, trim, dapper, natty, smart, elegant, well-organized, super, desirable, spruce, shipshape, well-kept, shapely New - fresh, unique, original, unusual, novel, modern, current, recent

Old - feeble, frail, ancient, weak, aged, used, worn, dilapidated, ragged, faded, broken-down, former, old-fashioned, outmoded, passe, veteran, mature, venerable, primitive, traditional. Part - portion, share, piece, allotment, section, fraction, fragment Place - space, area, spot, plot, region, location, situation, position, residence, dwelling, set, site, station, status, state Plan - plot, scheme, design, draw, map, diagram, procedure, arrangement, intention, device, contrivance, method, way, blueprint Popular - well-liked, approved, accepted, favorite, celebrated, common, current Predicament - quandary, dilemma, pickle, problem, plight, spot, scrape, jam Put - place, set, attach, establish, assign, keep, save, set aside, effect, achieve, do, build

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Quiet - silent, still, soundless, mute, tranquil, peaceful, calm, restful Right - correct, accurate, factual, true, good, just, honest, upright, lawful, moral, proper, suitable, apt, legal, fair Run - race, speed, hurry, hasten, sprint, dash, rush, escape, elope, flee

Say/Tell

inform, notify, advise, relate, recount, narrate, explain, reveal, disclose, divulge

Scared

afraid, frightened, alarmed, terrified, panicked, fearful, unnerved, insecure, timid,

Show

display, exhibit, present, note, point to, indicate, explain, reveal, prove, demonstrate, expose

Slow

unhurried, gradual, leisurely, late, behind, tedious, slack

Stop

cease, halt, stay, pause, conclude, end, finish, quit

Story

tale, myth, legend, fable, yarn, account, narrative, chronicle, epic, sage, anecdote, record, memoir

Strange

odd, peculiar, unusual, unfamiliar, uncommon, queer, weird, outlandish, curious, unique, exclusive, irregular

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discontinue,

Take

hold, catch, seize, grasp, win, capture, acquire, pick, choose, select, prefer, remove,

Tell

disclose, reveal, show, expose, uncover, relate, narrate, inform, advise, explain,

Think

judge, deem, assume, believe, consider, contemplate, reflect, mediate

Trouble

distress, anguish, anxiety, worry, wretchedness, pain, danger, peril, disaster,

True

accurate, right, proper, precise, exact, valid, genuine, real, actual, trusty, steady, loyal, dependable, sincere, staunch

Ugly - hideous, frightful, frightening, shocking, horrible, unpleasant, monstrous, terrifying, gross, grisly, ghastly, horrid, unsightly, plain, homely, evil, repulsive, repugnant, gruesome Unhappy - miserable, uncomfortable, wretched, heart-broken, unfortunate, poor, downhearted, sorrowful, depressed, dejected, melancholy, glum, gloomy, dismal, discouraged, sad Use - employ, utilize, exhaust, spend, expend, consume, exercise Wrong - incorrect, inaccurate, mistaken, erroneous, improper, unsuitable

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions (Q. 1-5): Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5) which represents all those synonyms. (IBPS PO/MT Exam 2011) 1. LABOUR (a) expedite (b) to move faster (c) controlled (d) toil 1) Only (D) 2) Both (A) and (C) 3) Only (B), (C) and (D) 4) Only (A), (C) and (D) 5) All (A), (B), (C) and (D) 2. MEAN (a) imply (b) understand (c) average (d) characterized by malice 1) Only(C) 2) Both (A) and (D) 3) Only (A), (C) and (D) 4) Only (A), (B) and (D)

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5) All (A), (B), (C) and (D) 3. REGULAR (a) present (b) common (c) indiscriminate (d) uniform 1) Only(D) 2) Both (B) and (D) 3) Both (A) and (C) 4) Only (B), (C) and (D) 5) All (A), (B), (C) and (D) 4. MASK (a) cover (b) hide (c) conceal (d) disguise 1) Only (A) 2) Both (B) and (D) 3) Only (B), (C) and (D) 4) Only (A), (B) and (C) 5) All (A), (B), (C) and (D)

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5. ALONE (a) exclusively (b) morose (c) solitary (d) human being 1) Only (A) 2) Both (A) and (C) 3) Both (B) and (C) 4) Only (A), (C) and (D) 5) All (A), (B), (C) and (D)

Answers (Q.1 to 5): 1

(1)

3

(2)

2

(3)

4

(5)

5

(2)

Directions (Q. 6-8): Choose the word or group of words which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage. (Indian Bank (PO) 2010) 6. flooded 1) Surged 2) Saturated 3) Overflowed 4) Deluge 5) Overcome 7. evaporated 1) Dehydrated 2) Melted

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3) Vaporized 4) Vanished 5) Dodged 8. fuel 1) Petrol 2) Stimulate 3) Sustain 4) Heat 5) Charge

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Answers (Q. 6 to 8) 6

(1)

7

(4)

8

(2)

Directions (9 - 12): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage. (Corporation Bank PO 2011) 9. DRAMATIC

11. PREDOMINANTLY

1) unprecedented

1) clearly

2) thrilling

2) aggressively

3) spectacular

3) mainly

4) effective

4) firstly

5) feeble

5) faintly

10. SHRINK

12. MASSIVE

1) contract

1) tall

2) physician

2) tough

3) wither

3) total

4) shrivel

4) little

5) reduce

5) severe

Answers (Q. 9 to 12) 9

(1)

10

(1)

11

(3)

12

(5)

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions: In the given questions out of the four alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word. 1. Deposit (a) Degrade (b) Dethrone (c) Place (d) Removal (e) None of these 2. Depart (a) Decamp (b) Divest (c) Display (d) Degrade (e) None of these 3. Portion (a) Gallery (b) Fragment (c) Site (d) Case (e) None of these 4. Exact (a) True (b) Pattern (c) Elusive (d) Close (e) None of these 5. Indignant (a) Bend (b) Faulty (c) Gratified (d) Angry (e) None of these

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6. Incur (a) Elude (b) Enhance (c) Mount (d) Acquire (e) None of these 7. Caustic (a) Acrid (b) Mild (c) Cavil (d) Clue (e) None of these 8. Cavity (a) Cave (b) Hollow (c) Class (d) Origin (e) None of these 9. Charge (a) Crack (b) Right (c) Accuse (d) Claim (e) None of these 10. Catastrophic (a) Callous (b) Dull (c) Calamitous (d) Continuous (e) None of these 11. Discretion (a) Rashness (b) Careless (c) Carefulness (d) Disgrace (e) None of these 275

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12. Imperative (a) Optional (b) Authoritative (c) Elective (d) Voluntary (e) None of these 13. Opportunity (a) Chance (b) Omission (c) Artisan (d) Vital (e) None of these 14. Numerate (a) Compute (b) Denude (c) Nudge (d) Account (e) None of these 15. Noise (a) Quiet (b) Blare (c) Placid (d) Peaceful (e) None of these 16. Nimble (a) Clumsy (b) Lump (c) Silent (d) Agile (e) None of these 17. Nerve (a) Courage (b) Weakness (c) Fragile (d) Lame (e) None of these 276

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18. Notch (a) Designate (b) Beck (c) Cut (d) Rule (e) None of these 19. Proclaim (a) Conceal (b) Cover (c) Disguise (d) Announce (e) None of these 20. Profane (a) Hallow (b) Debase (c) Dedicate (d) Consecrate (e) None of these Answers 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a)

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5. 6. 7. 8.

(d) (d) (a) (b)

9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (b)

13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c)

Fill in the Blanks (Sentence Completion) Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions on Fill in the Blanks to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English grammar and composition. The exam can consist of five questions on the Fill in the blanks. Here, we will practice few questions on the Fill in the Blanks type. A sentence completion question consists of an incomplete sentence. The sentence may have either one or two blanks. From the answer choices given, you are required to choose a word that can substitute the missing word that by best completing the meaning of the given sentence. Invariably in every sentence completion question there will be a hint or two that could be used as a hint towards identifying the correct choice of word. These clues could be grammatical or logical clues. The words that you choose should agree and blend with the sentence grammatically or logically. How to solve Sentence completion 

Read the complete sentence – Grasping the overall tone of the sentence is essential. Reading the complete sentence can also lead you to few clues. By reading the sentence you can also determine the nature of the word required i.e.; whether the word required is of a positive tone or a negative tone, plays a cause-effect relationship.



Put you own words in the sentence first and then find a closer answer option – Try not to read the options before you put your choice of words in the blank doing so will help you in identifying correct answer choice when you look at one.



Read the sentence after putting in the option – If the sentence makes sense figuratively and literally after filling in your answer option then you can go ahead with marking the same.

Example Sentence below has a blank; a blank indicates that some thing has been omitted. There are four answer options given choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 1. The girl who has joined our office last month dresses up in a very ________manner.

a. Meretricious b. Tyrranic c. Enthusiastic 278

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d. Hodge - podge Answer - (a) The most suitable answer option is ‘Meretricious’ which means ‘bold’ . Rest of the options do not fit in the context of dressing style or manner. PRACTICE QUESTIONS SET-1 Direction: Fill in the Blanks with the most suitable alternative. 1. The terrorists………………………..a bomb in the local bus. (a) Planted (b) Hid (c) Any (d) Explode (e) Stole 2. Every citizen is expected to……………………………the interests of his country. (a) Protect (b) Guarantee (c) Increase (d) Grow (e) Obey 3. She says her dress cost her Rs 500. It doesn’t look……………………it. (a) Less (b) Worth (c) In (d) For (e) About 4. Pulse Polio is a drive……………………….to eradicate polio from all over the country? (a) Tinted (b) Began (c) Launched (d) Parked (e) Aim 5. A…………………………of cars was made available to the minister and his party? (a) Pack (b) Group (c) Number (d) Fleet (e) Horde 279

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6. Shikha could not get………………….the examination. (a) Over (b) Through (c) Along (d) Into (e) Up 7. The magic show was the prime attraction for the children and adults………………………….. (a) Alike (b) Together (c) All (d) Either (e) Altogether 8. It is ……………………………accepted that Jayadeva was born in the village of Kenduli. (a) Wholesome (b) Widely (c) Firmly (d) Openly (e) Fairly 9. Abdul is senior to Habib………………………six years in this institute. (a) Above (b) Over (c) By (d) For (e) From 10. Ramesh was to appear…………………..the interview for the post of Public Relations Officers. (a) For (b) Into (c) Before (d) With (e) At 11. I was speaking to him on phone when the line……………………cut off. (a) Got (b) Gets (c) Gotten (d) Getting (e) Get 280

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12. I do not………………………of his conduct although he is my own brother. (a) Tolerate (b) Agree (c) Excuse (d) Approve (e) Writer 13. Rakesh promised me that he would be……………………a letter after reaching home? (a) Wrote (b) Written (c) Write (d) Writing (e) Writer 14. The judge found him guilty and he was sentenced…………………death. (a) To (b) Upon (c) For (d) Till (e) As 15. Satish is the strongest…………………all the boys in our school. (a) On (b) Between (c) Of (d) To (e) Before 16. The teacher asked Priya to go home when when she started…………………..of stomach pain. (a) Complaining (b) Knowing (c) Blaming (d) Feeling (e) Developing 17. Anuradha’s voice is …………………………..sweet as Lata’s. (a) More (b) Far (c) As (d) Very (e) So 281

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18. The child has been……………………sick very often for the last three months. (a) Felt (b) Falling (c) Falls (d) Fallen (e) Fall 19. The surgeon advised the patient to…………………………an operation. (a) Undergo (b) Underpass (c) Underset (d) Undertake (e) Underlie 20. It was in consultation…………………………the workers union that the management arrived at this decision. (a) Over (b) To (c) About (d) By (e) With 21. She…………………..in slandering people. (a) Enjoys (b) Participates (c) Indulges (d) Laughed (e) Angered 22. Many are………………………..under the burden of poverty. (a) Buried (b) Pushed (c) Thrown (d) Reeling (e) Pressed 23. We want a law……………………..dowry. (a) For (b) About (c) On (d) Against (e) To 282

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24. The curfew was……………..yesterday. (a) Implemented (b) Taken (c) Told (d) Imposed (e) Lift 25. He brought oranges……………………..the dozen. (a) In (b) By (c) For (d) At (e) To 26. …………………..he woke up, he had missed the station. (a) Where (b) After (c) While (d) As (e) When 27. I wanted to know what had………………..beneath it. (a) Bed (b) Lain (c) Laid (d) Lying (e) Laying 28. The principal…………………………the boys to go home. (a) Let (b) Deems (c) Allowed (d) Want (e) send 29. The couple did not…………………………the rival company. (a) Hike (b) Hack (c) Excel (d) Represent (e) Sold 283

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30. This has……………………..many myths. (a) Broken (b) Shatter (c) Fell (d) Finished (e) Stopped Answers:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(a) (a) (b) (c) (d) (b)

7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (d)

13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (d)

19. (a) 20. (e) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (d)

PRACTICE QUESTIONS SET-2 Direction: Pick out the most appropriate part to complete the given sentences. 1. The diary is ……………………..on the table…………………..the fire place. (a) Laying, near (b) Lying, by (c) Kept, along (d) Put, in (e) Laid, by 2. They continued to move…………………….. ………………….the snow. (a) Up, inspite (b) On, despite (c) Down, above (d) On, inspite (e) Along, below

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25. (b) 26. (e) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (b)

3. A wise parent will ………………………his children…………………read good books. (a) Want, and (b) Persuade, against (c) Want, who (d) Dissuade, to (e) Persuade, to 4. ……………………………..the quality of wood the table is not………………………. (a) Pending, good (b) For, good (c) By, bad (d) Considering, expensive (e) For, previous 5. One may find, even in democracy, that some live like kings in…………………..and some live paupers in………………………………. (a) Palaces, huts (b) Homes, houses (c) Places, shelters (d) Hotels, slum (e) Huts, palaces 6. You should never impose……………….your servants too…………………works. (a) On, little (b) Upon, much (c) Upon, little (d) For, much (e) Against. Less 7. Had he worked…………………………..he………………….have passed. (a) Harder, should (b) Harder, could (c) Hard, would (d) Hardly, could (e) Regularly, must 8. I leaned ……………………..the tree and ……………………to the wireless. (a) Against, listened (b) by, went (c) on, heard (d) against, sent (e) towards, went 285

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9. There…………………….a strong……………….last night. (a) Was, air (b) Blew, air (c) Was, breeze (d) Blew, wind (e) Rained, rain 10. Birds usually blind their ………………………….the trees. (a) Nests, in (b) Nests, on (c) Homes, on (d) Shelters, near (e) Build, from 11. The Ganga…………………………..in the Himalayas and ………………………… into the Bay of Bengal. (a) Comes, goes (b) Originates, fell (c) Rises, fall (d) Flows, enters (e) Flows, goes 12. For a long time I………………………… not decide whether I …………………………… talk to her or not. (a) Will, can (b) Should, could (c) Could, may (d) May, might (e) Could, should 13. …………………………..money I had was spent…………………………..a toy. (a) The, on (b) The, little (c) The few, on (d) What, by (e) The much, on 14. I sent an immediate…………………to his letter and I…………………… the same from you. (a) Answer, expect (b) Reply, expect (c) Response, accept (d) Addition, expect (e) Letter, expect 286

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15. I’ll……………………… my duties today as my mother is ……………………….better now. (a) Resume, much (b) Resume, very (c) Join, rather (d) Assume, much (e) Do, rather 16. He then……………………..to the president. (a) Requested (b) Told (c) Appealed (d) Lies (e) Used 17. A……………….inquiry has been ordered against the minister. (a) Wise (b) Court (c) Judicial (d) Interred (e) Judicious 18. Will you go to………………….your vote? (a) Ask (b) Cast (c) Put (d) Do (e) Carry 19. Some one set his shop……………………..fire and ruined him completely. (a) To (b) Upon (c) In (d) On (e) Into 20. I don’t like those who find……………………with me. (a) Money (b) Fault (c) Happiness (d) Errors (e) Blunders 287

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21. You have committed a ……………………..by telling her your secrets. Now she can………………………..you. (a) Error, threaten (b) Blunder, help (c) Sin, use (d) Crime, blackmail (e) Blunder, blackmail 22. The lion sprang………………the cow and………………………..it in an instant. (a) Upon, ate (b) Upon, killed (c) On, ate (d) Over, injured (e) On, bruised 23. He can’t …………………………..his name he is……………………………. (a) Tell, illiterate (b) Hear, deaf (c) Sign, illiterate (d) Write, uneducated (e) Write, illiterate 24. He refused to………………………….my…………………………orders. (a) Carry, new (b) Comply, oral (c) Obey, verbal (d) Obey, strict (e) Abide, casual 25. You…………………..finish your work………………you leave. (a) Can, while (b) Must, before (c) Must,after (d) Ought to, still (e) May, so 26. If you not careful for your wealth will……………………………. (a) Grow (b) Dwindle (c) Increase (d) Die (e) Stop 288

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27. The………………….on the government buildings on the independence day was so beautiful. (a) Lighting (b) Lightening (c) Lightning (d) Light (e) Flag 28. I…………………..to go for daily gym sessions. (a) Rather (b) No (c) Slightly (d) That (e) Not 29. Every………………….of India should respect…………………..constitution. (a) Man, the (b) Person, a (c) Native, a (d) Citizen, the (e) State, its 30. Evening in Mysore are always…………………..and ……………………… (a) Long, short (b) Cool, cold (c) Cold pleasant (d) Pleasant, cool (e) Cool, litter Answers:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(b) (b) (e) (d) (a) (b)

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7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (e)

13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b)

19. (d) 20. (e) 21. (e) 22. (b) 23. (e) 24. (c)

SBI PO Exam 2014 eBook

25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (e)

Error Detection Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions on Error Detection to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English grammar and composition. The exam can consist of five questions on the Error Detection. Here, we will practice few questions on the Error Detection. Question on ‘spotting the Errors’ can be answered on the basis of candidate’s knowledge of grammar especially parts of speech. The important rules of parts of speech can be mentioned categorically in the following manner. 1. Certain nouns always take a singular verb. Scenery, advice, information, machinery, stationery, furniture, abuse, fuel, gram, issue, bedding, repair, news, poetry, business, economics, physics, mathematics, classics, ethics, innings. Examples: (a) The scenery of Shimla is enchanting. (b) She has given advice. 2. Some nouns are used as plural nouns and always take a plural verb. Cattle, gentry, peasantry, artillery, people, clergy, company, police. Examples: (a) The people are watching us. (b) The police are in the house. 3. Some nouns are used in a plural form and take a plural verb. Trousers, scissors, spectacles, shorts, measles, goods, premises, thanks, tidings, annals, chattels, etc. Examples: (a) Where are my spectacles? (b) Trousers are also available at cheaper prices. 4. Certain nouns that indicate length, measure, money, weight or number, if they are preceded by a numeral, they remain unchanged in form. Foot, metre, pair, score, dozen, year, hundred, thousand, million. Examples: (a) It is a two-year post-graduation diploma course. (b) I have bought twelve dozen of apples. 5. Collective nouns like jury, public, team, committee, government, orchestra, company, etc. are used both as singular and plural depending on the meaning. When these words indicate a unit, the verb is singular, otherwise the verb will be plural. Examples: (a) The public were furious over the issue. 290

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(b) The orchestra has not started yet. 6. Certain nouns have one meaning in the singular and another in the plural: advice = counsel, advices = information, authority = command, authorities = persons in good = wise, goods = property iron = metal, irons = fetters, chains, force = strength, forces = army, content = satisfaction, contents = things contained, physic = medicine, physics = physical sciences, respect = regards, respects = compliments work = job, works = compositions, factories, quarter = one-fourth, quarters = houses. Examples: (a) I have the authority to correct it. (b) The authorities will be arriving tomorrow. 7. While using ‘everybody’, ‘anyone’, ‘anybody', and ‘each’ the pronoun is used according to the content. Examples: (a) Anyone can do this work if he tries with all the effort (b) Each of the five men in the car has carried his laptop. 8. The pronoun ‘one’ must be followed by ‘one’s’. Example: (a) One must complete one’s task within the deadline. 9. When two or more singular nouns are joined together by ‘either or’; ‘neither nor’; and ‘or’, the pronoun should be singular. Examples: (a) Either Sita or Geeta will attend the function. (b) Neither Mohan nor Krishna has done his task. 10. When a singular and a plural noun are joined by ‘or’, ‘nor’, the pronoun should be plural. Example: (a) Either the manager or his sub-ordinates failed in completing their assignment. 11. Use of ‘whose’ and ‘which’: ‘Whose’ is used for living persons and ‘which’ for lifeless objects. Examples: (a) Whose artwork is this? (b) Which fictional character do you like the most? 12. Use of ‘each other’ and ‘one another’ : ‘Each other’ is used when there are two subjects or objects and ‘one another’ when there are more than two. Examples: (a) Those five boys, who are playing football, hate one another. 291

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(b) Sneha and Smita are the best friends; they always stand for each other. 13. Use of pronoun for collective nouns: Examples: (a) The jury is going to give its verdict tomorrow. (b) The group are divided in their opinion about the reason of corruption in India. 14. Use of ‘some’ and ‘any’ : 'Some' is used in affirmative sentences to express quantity or degree. 'Any' is used in negative or interrogative sentences. Examples: (a) I shall buy some apples. (b) I shall not buy any apples. (c) Have you bought any apples? 15. Use of 'few', 'a few', and 'the few' : The use of 'few', 'a few', and 'the few' should be used with care. They denote 'number'. 'Few' means 'not many'. It is the opposite of many. A 'few' is positive and means 'some at least'. It is the opposite of none. 'The few' means 'whatever there is'. Examples: (a) Few men are perfect in their works. (b) A few boys are present in the class. (c) I have already seen the few movies that I have in my laptop. 16. Use of ‘less' and 'fewer': 'Less' denotes quantity and 'fewer' denotes number. Examples: (a) No fewer than twenty girls went for the picnic last weekend. (b) There are no less than six liters of water in that pitcher. 17. Use of little, a little, the little: 'Little' means 'hardly any'. Examples: (a) There is little hope of his coming back. (b) A little knowledge is good for nothing. (c) The little milk that is left in the container may be used for making tea. 18. Use of elder, older: 'Older' refers to persons as well as things and is followed by 'than'. Examples: (a) Sita is five year older that Gita. (b) Sita is the elder sister of Gita. 19. Use of ‘than’: Generally 'than' is used in the comparative degree, but with words like superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, prefer 'to' is used. Examples: (a) Mita is senior to Mohini. (b) After having dinner, I prefer walking to sleeping.

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20. In some cases, the comparison must be given proper attention. Examples: (a) The climate of Mumbai is better than the climate of Delhi. Or (a) The climate of Mumbai is better that that of Delhi. (b) The summer in Delhi is hotter than that of Mumbai. 21. Use of ‘Many a’ : ‘Many a’ is always followed by the singular verb. Example: (a) Many a man was dressed in blue. 22. Verb while joining two subjects : When 'as well as', 'along with', 'together with', 'no less than', 'in addition to', and 'not' and 'with' join two subjects, the verb should be according to the first subject. Examples: (a) Ram, as well as his five friends, has gone for the picnic. (b) The teacher, along with the students, is also going for the picnic. 23. While joining two subjects using 'either or', 'neither nor', the verb agrees with the subject that is near. Examples: (a) Either Reena or I am supposed to do that task. (b) Neither he nor his friends are going. 24. While joining singular nouns using 'and' point out the same thing or person, the verb will be singular. Examples: (a) Bread and butter is good to take in breakfast. (b) The Principle and the Vice-chancellor is on leave today. 25. 'No sooner' should be followed by 'than'. Example: (a) No sooner had the singer entered the stage than the audience started to applause. 26. 'Lest' is followed by 'Should'. Example: (a) Study hard lest you should not score well in board exams. 27. 'Such' is followed by 'as'. Examples: (a) He is such a singer as everybody must listen to him. (b) The taste of the cake was such good that I ate it up all. 28. 'not' is never used with 'unless'. Example: (a) Unless you study hard, you will not score well.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

29. 'not' should never be used with ‘until’. Example: (a) Keep reading until I say stop. 30. 'Since' indicates a point of time whereas 'for' stands for the length of time. Examples: (a) I have been working with this company for two months. (b) I have been working with this company since 2010. 31. 'As if' is used to convey the sense of pretension. When 'as if' is used in this sense, 'were' is used in all cases, even with third person singular. Example: (a) He talks as if he knew everything. 32. If two actions in a sentence are shown happening in the past, one after the other; the tense of the action happening first should be in past perfect and that of the second should be in past indefinite. Example: (a) The train had left before I reached the railway station. 33. Two actions in the past, one depending on the other, should have the following sequence: Examples: (a) If you had studied hard, you would have passed in the exam. Or (a) Had you studied hard, you would have passed in the exam. (b) If you had practiced regularly, you would have won the singing competition. 34. If, in a sentence, two actions are indicated and both are to take place in future, the sequence of tenses will be as given in examples:. Examples: (a) If I cry, he will get angry on me. (b) If it rains, I shall not go for the picnic. 35. 'a' is used before a consonant. Examples: (a) Here is a University, which offers courses in Communication Management (b) A European couple lives in my neighborhood. 36. Words like 'hour', 'honest', 'heir', etc. take 'an' before them as they begin with a vowel sound. Example: (a) I have been watching television for an hour. 37. Note the following points to remember regarding the omission of a/an/the: Examples: 1. Man is a social animal. 2. Gold is a precious metal. 294

SBI PO Exam Study Package

3. Delhi is the heart of India 4. Curiosity is the mother of invention. 5. Hindi is my mother tongue. 6. I am a Christian; I go to church every Sunday. 7. My aunt is arriving today. 8. He is elected vice-chancellor of the university. 38. Uses of 'the' : Examples: 1. The earth rotates from east to west. 2. He is the best cricket player in his class. 3. The Taj Mahal, The Hindustan Times, The Geeta, The Pacific Ocean 4. The great Ashoka. 5. The rich should help poors. 6. I love to play the piano. 7. The lion is the king of animals 8. The faster we walk, the sooner we reach. 39. While joining two singular nouns by 'and' are preceded by 'each' or 'every' the pronoun used for them must be singular. Example: a) Each man and each boy should bring his luggage. 40. If a pronoun comes after a preposition it should be used in the objective case. Example: a) Between you and me neither of us is responsible for that mess. 41. A pronoun takes an objective case after 'let'. Example: a) Let me think over it. 42. When Pronouns joined by 'and' remain in the same case. Examples: a) He and she are husband and wife. b) She and I are roommates. 43. Relative pronoun 'that' is used in preference to 'who' or 'which' after adjectives in the superlative degree. Examples: a) This is the best that I can do for you. b) The finest man that I have ever met with is you. 44. When two qualities of a person are compared using 'more' or 'less' before the adjective, then the adjective following them takes positive degree. Example: a) Shikha is more beautiful than intelligent.

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

45. When two or more adjectives are used to show the qualities of the same man, all the adjectives must be in the same degree. Examples: a) Sita is more beautiful and wiser than Geeta. b) Rahul is the wisest and the funniest boy of the class. 46. 'Very' is used with adjectives in the positive degree and with present participles. Examples: a) She is a very intelligent girl. b) It is a very interesting movie. 47. ‘as’: To show equality' as' is used before and after the adjective. Example: a) Sita is as beautiful as Geeta. 48. Certain adjectives do not admit of comparison and thus they always remain in the positive degree: 'Absolute', 'chief', 'circular', 'complete', 'entire', 'extreme', 'excellent', 'impossible', 'perfect', 'right', 'round', 'unique', 'universal', 'whole', etc. Example: a) This is the perfect cake I have ever made. 49. Please note that a verb must agree with its subject and not with the complement. Example: a) The only well-wisher I have is my two childhood friends. 50. When the plural subject denotes a definite amount or quantity taken as a whole, the verb is singular. Examples: a) Fifty miles is a good distance. b) Three-fourths of the movies was boring. 51. The plural 'heaps' and 'lots' used for a great amount and take a singular verb unless a plural noun with 'of' is added. Examples: a) There is lots of food. b) There are lots of foods to consume. 52. Use of ‘each’ and ‘every’ : When 'each' or 'every' two singular subjects, even if connected by 'and', take a singular verb. Example: a) Each boy and every girl was accommodated in the lodge. 53. The following verbs are always followed by an infinitive: 'decide', 'plan', 'expect', 'fail', 'hope', 'learn', 'promise', 'refuse', 'want', 'agree', 'consent', 'love', etc. Example: a) I plan to settle in New York. 296

SBI PO Exam Study Package

54. The following verbs and phrases must be followed by a gerund : 'enjoy', 'admit', 'appreciate', 'regret', 'avoid', 'help', 'consider', 'stop', 'looking forward to', 'accustomed to', 'is used to', 'do not mind', etc. Examples: a) I am looking forward to watching your artwork in my home. b) He is used to talking fast. 55. After certain verbs ('bid', 'let', 'make', 'need', 'see', 'hear') we use the infinitive without 'to'. Examples: a) Let me handle this. b) Make him go there. 56. Use of 'had better', 'had rather', 'would rather', 'sooner than' and 'rather than': See the following example for the use of aboveExample: a) You had better ask me before going to picnic. 57. 'no other' should be followed by ‘than’. Examples: a) That night, I saw no other girl than Riya. b) Ram has no other option than stay at home. 58. Using 'know', 'how', or 'when' as an infinitive : See the example below. Example: a) I know when to speak. 59. ‘elected as president’ is wrong ‘elected president’ is correct. See the example below for using the verbs like 'appointed', 'elected', 'considered', 'called'. Examples: a) He was elected Secretary of our society. b) I regard Sneha as my best friend 60. While expressing quality of the subject, an adjective is used with the verb. Example: a) The bouquet smelt sweet.

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List of Important Prepositions with Uses

A

•

appreciation of

•

abound with

•

apprise of

•

abstain from

•

approximate to

•

according to

•

arrest in

•

accordance with

•

arrive at/in

•

accuse of

•

ashamed of

•

accustomed to

•

aspire to/after/at

•

acquaint with

•

associate with

•

acquit of

•

assure of

•

admit to (hospital, place, class, etc.)

•

attribute to

•

averse to

•

averse from/to

•

affiliate to/with

B

•

afflict with

•

begin on

•

afraid of

•

belief in

•

agree to/on

•

bereft of

•

aim at

•

beset with

•

allegation about

•

beware of

•

alude to

•

boast of

•

alternate with

•

break off

•

alternative to

•

busy with

•

appear for (examination)lat

•

busy in (market, store)/at (shop)

•

angry with

C

•

apply to (body)

•

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compare with/to

SBI PO Exam Study Package

•

compatible with

•

deliberate on

•

complain of

•

delight in

•

comply with

•

depart to of

•

compliment on

•

departure Jar

•

compared of

•

depend on/upon

•

confer on

•

deprive of

•

confirmation of

•

derive from

•

confirm to

•

derogate from

•

congratulate on

•

derogatory to

•

conscious of

•

despair of

•

detrimental to

•

devoid of

•

die of(disease)/ from (other causes)

• consist of (to denote the substance )/in (define the subject) •

contiguity with

•

converge on

•

convict of

• differ from (to be different from)/ with (to disagree)

•

cope with

•

difficulty in

•

correspond with

•

different of

•

cost of

•

disabuse of

•

credit with

•

disagree with

•

criticism of

•

disgusted with

•

cure of

•

discourse with

•

dispose of

•

dissociate from

D •

deal with (somebody)/ in (goods)

•

divest of

•

debar from

•

divide into

•

decide on

•

dressed in

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

• due to (used after a noun, not after a verb)

E

G •

give to

•

glad of

•

grapple with

•

good at

•

gratitude Jar

•

guilty of

•

effort in

•

embroil in

•

emphasis on

•

employ in

•

endow with

•

enlarge on

•

engage in

• hostility to/in/on hand (in possession of)

•

entrust to

I

•

entrust (somebody) with

•

identical with

•

essential to

•

impose on

•

expostulate with

•

incur on

•

extend to

•

indict for

•

indifferent to

H •

F

hanker after

•

fed up with

•

indulge in

•

fill with (enthusiasm)/in (a form)

•

infatuated with

•

fire at (when not hit)/on

•

infect with

•

focus on

•

infest with

•

forbid to

•

information on

•

fraught with

•

ingratiate (oneself) with

•

fritter in

•

full of

• inquire into (matter)/of (person)/about, after (thing) •

300

insist on

SBI PO Exam Study Package

•

interest in

M

•

intimate to

•

married to

•

intoxicate with

•

meddle with

•

intrigue with

•

meeting for

•

intrude on

•

motive in/for

•

invest with (power)/in (bank)

N

•

investigation of

•

neglect of/in

•

involve in

•

nominated to

•

noted for

J •

jealous of

O

•

jeer at

•

oblivious of

•

jump at

•

operate on

•

just to

•

opinion on

•

overcome with owing to (not after a noun)

K •

key of (the door)/to (a problem)

•

•

knock at

P

L

•

part from/with

•

lash at

•

pay a call on

•

lay siege to

•

persevere in

•

leave for

•

persist in

•

level against

•

plan for

•

live on

•

plead for

•

look at/to

•

pleased with

•

lure into

•

prefer to

•

preference for

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

•

present with

•

sick of

•

prevent from

•

side with

•

preventive for

•

sparing of

•

priority to

•

square with

•

probe into

•

stickler for

•

prohibit from

•

stricture on

•

proud of

•

subsist on

•

provide with

•

subversive of

•

put out/off

•

succeed in

•

sue for

R •

recoil from

•

superior to

•

reconcile to

•

supply with

•

remand to

•

sure of

•

remonstrate with

•

surprised at

•

repent of

•

susceptible to

•

replete with

•

suspect of

•

reply to

•

sympathise with

•

research on

•

sympathy for

•

resolve on/to

T

•

responsibility of

•

take up

•

tamper with

S •

sail for

•

taste of/for

•

satisfied with

•

tear off/up

•

sentence to

•

testify to

•

shoot at

•

thank for

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

•

throw at

•

view with

•

tire of

•

vote for (a candidate)

•

trace to

W

•

trample on

•

wait for

•

translate into

•

ways of

•

try to

•

wide of

•

wish for

•

witness of

•

wonder at

•

write in/with

U •

unequal to (the task)

V •

vest with/in

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions: (1-10) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer is '5'. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any). (IBPS PO/MT Exam 2012) 1. The Government has asked individuals / with income of over Rs. 10 lakhs to/ Electronic file 1) 2) 3) tax returns for the year. 2011-12,/something which was optional till last year. / No error 4) 5) 2. The power tariff had already / been increased twice in/ the last 15 months and the Electricity 1) 2) 3) Board had also / levied additional monthly charges to consumers. / No error 4) 5) 3. Despite of curfew/ in some areas, minor/ communal Incidents were reported/ from different 1) 2) 3) 4) areas of the walled city./ No error 5) 4. This comes/ at a time /When fund allocation/ is been doubled. /No error 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 5. As the prison will get /an official telephone facility soon, the prisoners/won’t have to make 1) 2) 3) calls in discreet manner through smuggled mobile phones./ No error 4) 5) 6. The area was plunged into/darkness mid wave of/ Cheering and shouting/slogans like 'Save 1) 2) 3) 4) The Earth'./ No error 5) 7. The poll contestants approached/the commission complaining that the hoardings/Violated 1) 2) 3) the code of conduct/ and influenced public perception. No error 4) 5) 8. The country has/adequate laws but problems/arise/ when these are not/Implemented in 1) 2) 3) 4) 304

SBI PO Exam Study Package

letter and spirit./ No error 5) 9. The Management feels that/the employees of the organisation are/non-productive, and do 1) 2) 3) not want/to work hard. / No error 4) 5) 10. As far the issue of land encroachment/in villages is concerned, people will/have to make a 1) 2) 3) start from their villages by/sensitizing and educating the villagers about this issue. /No error 4) 5)

Answers (Q.1 to 10) 1

(3) file tax returns electronically

2

(4) ‘on’ in place of ‘to’

3

(1) Remove ‘of ’

4 5

6

(2) ‘amid’ in place of ‘mid’

7

(4) ‘and was influencing the public perception’

(4) ‘has’ in place of ‘is’

8

(5) Error Free

(5) No Error

9

(3) ‘unproductive’ in place of ‘non

productive’

10 (1) It should be ‘as far as’

Directions (Q. 11-20): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (5). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.) (Central Bank of India PO Exam 2010) 11. Sugar-sweetened drinks does not 1)/ pose any particular health risk, and /2) are not a unique risk factor /3) for obesity or heart disease. 4)/ No error 5) 12. Airline managements should note 1)/ that the ultimate passenger-un friend iiness 2)/ is to have their planes crash 3)/ due to the adopted of unsafe procedures. 4)/No error 5)

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13. Celebrating its ten long years 1)/ in the industry, a private entertainment channel 2) /announce a series of 3)/ programmes at a press conference. 4)/No error 5) 14. The award ceremony ended 1)/ on a note of good cheer 2) / with audiences responding warmly 3) / to its line-up of films. 4)/ No error 5) 15. The actress was ordered for 1)/ wear an alcohol- monitoring bracelet and 2)/ submit to random weekly drug testing after 3)/ she failed to appear for a court date last week. 4) / No error 5) 16. Coaches have the advantage of 1)/ draw on their, personal experiences 2) / and providing their players 3)/ with unique inputs. 4)/No error 5) 17. The actor loves to think, 1) / never enjoys stick to one kind of role 2)/ and finds it difficult to 3)/ fulfil everyone's expectations. 4) /No error 5) 18. A major computer security firm urged 1)/ the social networking site to set up 2)/ an earlywarning system after hundreds of users were (3)/ hit by a new wave of virus attacks. 4)/No error 5) 19. The finding may help doctors I)! give more personalised care to patients 2)/ and modify the amount of powerful drugs 3)/ administered over their patients. 4)/ No error 5) 20. The actress made a rare appearance 1)/ at the party and was 2)/ overheard talking in 3)/ her next big project. 4)/ No error /5).

Answers (Q.11 to 20) 11 (1) Use 'do not' in place of 'does not' as the subject of the sentence is plural 12 (4) Use 'adoption' in place of 'adopted' as a noun is required. 13 (3) 'announced' in place of 'announce' 14 (5) No Error 15 (1) 'to' in place of 'for' 16 (2) 'drawing' in place of 'draw' 17 (2) 'to' before 'stick' is required. 18 (3) 'had been' in place of 'were' 19 (4) 'to' in place of 'over' 20 (3) 'about' in place of 'in' 306

SBI PO Exam Study Package

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Direction: In each sentence below, four words have been printed in Bold Type. One of these may be wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context (if any) and is the answer. If all four words are correctly spelt or appropriate in the context, then the answer is ‘(e)’ i.e. no error. 1. They questioned him and me unendingly about our trip to Singapore and the Purchase we (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Had made. No Error (e) 2. The Passerbyes seemed not to be affected by the gory sight of the crushed dog. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

3. Mrs Bose, napping on the sofa, woke up started and enquired what happened. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

4. The lady approached me timidly and sat down besides me fidgeting nervously. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

5. The M.P. was noticeably upset by the manner in which the Minister conducted himself. (a) (b) (c) (d) No error. (e) 6. Him not agreeing to the proposal outlined by me is baffling. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

7. Whenever I felt sorrowful I use to turn towards God. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

8. The carpentor uses the saw to saw wood and planks. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

9. I have been ordered to lay in bed and do nothing. No Error (a) 307

(b) (c)

(d)

(e)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

10. I did this just for your sake and her but have to account for it. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

11. Is there any further reason you give for your strange behavior towards my sister. No error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

12. The posts were advertised by the Planning Commison in all the local dailies. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

13. I am utterly exhausted and much annoyed with the turn of events against me. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

14. His niece is too much tall for her age, isn’t she? No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

15. The old woman hugged her grandsons warmly with tear in her eyes. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

16. This train takes perfectly ten hours to reach Calcutta. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

17. His parents were informed of his serious illness and of the surgory performed on him. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

18. The appointment will be made initally for period of three years. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

19. When Satish heard those humiliation words he became furious. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

20. Rajendra and Ashu came very late lost night. No Error (a)

308

(b) (c) (d)

(e)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(e)

21. Fluency in English language and last experience in the field would be desirable. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

22. The fact, as brought out by all the newspaper, are that global tele-communication market is (a)

(b)

(c)

Not very global. No Error (d)

(e)

23. Water does not few upward to the mountains but downward to the sea. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

24. It is written in the book of God that he who has plenty shall be asked to help others. No Errors (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

25. He is competent and brilliant at his work, but utterly unpretentious. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

26. He needs not work So hard lest he should fall ill. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

27. The problem seems to be complicated but the real fact is that it is’nt. Is it? No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

28. The amount that I have paid for it is lesser than what you have paid. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

29. These boxers dominated the ring with heroic display of their talent for boxing. No Error (a)

309

(b)

(c)

(d)

SBI PO Exam Study Package

(e)

30. I who had missed the final round yesterday am very upset. No Error (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Answers:1. (b)

7. (c)

13. (a)

19. (b)

25. (b)

2. (a)

8. (a)

14. (b)

20. (c)

26. (a)

3. (b)

9. (b)

15. (d)

21. (c)

27. (b)

4. (c)

10. (c)

16. (b)

22. (a)

28. (c)

5. (b)

11. (e)

17. (c)

23. (b)

29. (e)

6. (a)

12. (c)

18. (c)

24. (b)

30. (c)

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SBI PO Exam Study Package

Idioms & Phrases Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions of Idioms & Phrases to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English grammar and composition. The exam can consist of five questions on the Idioms & Phrases. Here, we will practice few questions on the Idioms & Phrases. Idioms and phrases refer to commonly used groups of words in English. They are used in specific situations and often used in an idiomatic, rather than a figurative sense. Idioms are often full sentences. Phrases, however, are usually made up of a few words and are used as a grammatical unit in a sentence. It is usually asked in all the competitive exams. Students must practice idiom and phrases in their writing as well as in their speech. It will make them proficient while practicing. LIST OF IMPORTANT IDIOMS AND PHRASES

Idioms/Phrases

Meaning

A big shot A bird in hand is worth two in the bush A bird's eye view A blue book A boon in disguise A case in point A close shave A cry in the wilderness A cuckoo in the nest

Important person One certainty is worth more than two prospective advantages

A duck in a thunderstorm A fair crack of the whip A feather in one's cap A feather in the cap A flash in the pan

311

A general view A government report A benefit in loss An illustrative case connected to the subject of discussion A lucky escape An irrelevant effort A child whose parentage is doubtful and may therefore not belong by blood to the family Distressed A period of importance An achievement to be proud of A very good achievement Something which lasts only a short time; an effort or partial success which soon turns to failure; a short lived outburst of enthusiasm for something SBI PO Exam Study Package

A henpecked husband A hot line A hot potato A lady's man A latchkey child A man of the world A pig in a poke A red letter day A sleeping partner

A snake in the grass A soft soap A storm in the teacup A thorn in flesh After my own heart All the same Allow the dust to settle An armchair job An ivory tower Another pair of shoes Apple of discord At crossroads At sixes and sevens At stake At the drop of a hat At the eleventh hour Backstairs gossip Bag and baggage Bear the brunt Beat about the bush Bell the cat 312

One who is dominated by his wife Direct telephone line between heads of states An issue that is awkward or embarassing to deal with A lover of women’s company A child who returns from school etc. To an empty house because both parents are working An experienced man, often with a cosmopolitan background An article which was bought without previous inspection and which turns out to be worth much less than what one paid for it An important day A business partner who provides a share of the capital and therefore owns shares in the business but who does not take an active part in managing it Unrecognized danger A liking or fondness for something or someone A lot of excitement and discussion about a trivial matter A cause of continual trouble According to my views and tastes Nevertheless, but, yet Wait until the disturbance is well and truly over A regular job which is considered easy and well-paid A place or state of life that is out of touch with people and reality Different matter Cause of dispute Be in confusion because of many choices In a state of confusion In danger For no reason at all Just in time Gossip among servants Completely Endure the greater part of a stress or burden Evade the issue Do the most dangerous job SBI PO Exam Study Package

Between the devil and the deep sea Birthday suit Blow hot and cold Bolt from the blue Bone of contention Bone of contention Born with a silver spoon in mouth Break new ground Bring a hornet's nest about one's ears Bring down the house Bring home Burning the candle at both ends By hook or by crook By rule of the thumb Cast pearls before a swine Cat and dog life Chip off the old block Clear the decks Cloak and dagger Cock and bull story Come cap in hand Come out of a bandbox Crocodile tears Cut and dried Cut no ice Dead men's shows Down in the mouth Draw the long bow Drive into a corner Dwell in an ivory 313

To be in a dilemma Naked To be inconsistent Unexpected calamity Cause of quarrel Matter of dispute Born in a wealthy family Venture into an untried field Run into trouble by being meddlesome

Receive rapturous applause To emphasise Trying to do two opposite and exhausting things at the same time By one way or the other By experience, practical though rough Offer good things to people incapable of appreciating them Life of constant discord Exemplifying the family characteristics, like his father Prepare for action Like a spy Ridiculous story Very humble Be excessively well-dressed Hypocritical tears Settled, decided To make no effect Await someone's death with the expectancy of benefiting from it Low spirited Exaggerate Cut off all means of escape Be detached from the everyday preoccupations of mankind SBI PO Exam Study Package

tower Face value Fair and square Fair-weather friends Fall to the ground Fancy price Far and away Far and wide Feet of clay Foam in the mouth For good and all Forty winks Free and easy French leave From pillar to post Go to the wall Goes without saying Gone to the dogs Hammer and sickle Hammer and tongs Hand in glove High and dry Hit below the belt Hit the nail on the head Hole and corner policy In a flutter In cold blood In deed In the same boat In the wrong box It does not suit my book It makes no odds Jack of all trades Keep body and soul together 314

Superficially In a fair way Friends only in good days Argument that is unfounded High price Certainly All around To be weak or cowardly To be in extreme hatred Permanently Short sleep Casual, unworried, unconcerned Absence without permission Hither and thither indiscriminately Give way, be vanquished Be self-evident Done for, ruined The emblem of socialism With all one's strength Close friendship Isolated, stranded Fight unfairly Judge all right. Say something exactly right Improper policy In a state of nervous excitement Deliberately, without heat Really Similarly situated; like in a predicament Out of one's proper place It doesn't fit my arrangements It makes no difference One who turns his hand to anything but excels in nothing Stay alive SBI PO Exam Study Package

Know chalk from the cheese Land of milk and honey Lay by the heels Lay their heads together Led by the nose Long innings Lynch law Make a clean breast Make a dead set at Make both ends meet Make no bones Man of iron Man of letters Man of straw Man of straw Meek and mild My hands are full Nail in (one’s) coffin Not worth (one’s) salt Not worth the candle Null and void Odds and ends Olive branch On the cards Once and for all Once in a blue moon One’s cup of tea Out of harness Part and parcel Pay the piper Pay through the nose 315

Be able to discriminate Land abounding in good things Render harmless Plan an enterprise jointly Mislead, deceived Long spell of success Law of mobs Confess, own up Attack with determination Live within one's budgeted income Make no objections A man of strong will power Scholar Insignificant Without substance Gentle and quiet I am busy Anything that tends to shorten life Inefficient not worth one's keep Not worth the expense involved Invalid, without legal effect Various articles Emblem of peace Likely to happen For ever Rarely What one likes and can do well Retired, at leisure Essential portion Defray the cost or bear the loss in an undertaking Pay an excessive or exorbitant price

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Play fast and loose Pour oil on troubled waters Pretty kettle of fish Pull the wool over somebody's eyes Put a good face on the matter Put down the shutters Put the horse before the cart Rain cats and dogs Rank and file Rank and file Red-letter day Rise from ashes Rough and ready Rule the roost Run-of-the mill Shop-lifter Short and sweet Show a clean pair of heels Show the white feather Smell a rat Soft soap Sour grapes Step into another man's shoes Stick one's neck out Straight from the shoulder Sweat of one's brow Sweep in the board Take the bull by the horns Take the cake 316

Be inconsistent and unreliable in fulfilling obligations Soothe strife, use tact and discretion Bad business To deceive Make the best of a bad job To go out of business Reverse the natural order Rain heavily Common man Common soldiers, hence followers Day of special consequence To rise high from low Not exact, only approximate To be in control An average, ordinary, unexciting A thief in the guise of a customer Brisk, without delay Escape Behave like a coward Detect something suspicious Flattery Disparaging what is beyond one's reach Take over another’s position To take risk With full force Hard labour Take everything Attack danger boldly Carry off the honours SBI PO Exam Study Package

Talk through one's hat The bill of fare The cock of the walk The fat is in the fire The golden handshake There is no love lost between them Through thick and thin Throw cold water on Throw up the sponge To be at the end of one's tether To be ill at ease To be in hornet's nest To be on the horns of a dilemma To be out of pocket To beat about the bush To beggar description To black-ball To break the duck To break the ice To bring home the bacon To bring one's eggs to a bad market To bury the hatchet To carry the day To catch somebody on the hop To chew the cuds 317

Talk nonsense The menu The most dominating person in a group The mischief is out A large sum of money given to a man of high position when he retires from his employment They dislike one another Under all circumstances Discourage Admit defeat To have no resources left To be on bad terms with somebody To be in an unpleasant situation To be in a fix To lose money or to pay more than one’s share To talk about unimportant things Beyond description Prevent from doing something To begin To take the first step in breaking down cold reserve or prepare the way To be successful To fail in one’s plans because one goes to the wrong people for help To make peace To win after a long effort To catch somebody off guard To muse on SBI PO Exam Study Package

To clinch the issue To come down in the world To come off with flying colours To cool one's heels To cut both ends To cut no ice To die a dog's death To draw a bead upon To eat a humble pie To enjoy the lion's share To explore every a venue To feather ones nest To feather one's nest To fight tooth and nail To fish in troubled waters To foot the bill To gain ground To get away with To get in someone's hair To give someone a piece of mind To give the cold shoulder To give/get the bird To go against the grain To go with the tide To grease a person's palm To have cold feet 318

Decide To lose one's social and financial position To achieve distinction To be kept waiting for some time To argue in support of both sides of the issue To have no effect Unheroic death To take aim at Show oneself lull of humility To enjoy the major part To try every method To care for self interest To provide money even dishonestly To make all efforts to win To make most of a bad bargain To make payment To become more general To escape To upset or annoy someone To scold Snub or behave indifferently towards a person To send away To work against one's liking To do as others do To bribe To be reluctant SBI PO Exam Study Package

To have finger in the pie To have had one's day To have one's heart in the right place To have the floor To heap coals of fire on one’s head To keep one's fingers crossed To keep the ball rolling To keep the wolf away from the door To keep, the pot boiling To kick one's heels To kick up a row To kill two birds with one stone To lead one by the nose To lead others up the garden To let the cat out of the bag To look for a needle in a haystack To make an ass of oneself To make castles in the air To make neither head nor tail of anything To make no bones about something To meet one's waterloo 319

To do something in an affair To be past one's prime To be kind To make a speech Put one to shame To remain anxious, wishing good for somebody To continue the work To keep off poverty from oneself Keep the controversy alive To waste time To make great noise and fuss Achieve two aims with a single effort To cause to follow blindly To deceive others To reveal a secret To seek what is impossible to find To act foolishly Daydream To be completely baffled

To do or say a thing openly if it is unpleasant To meet one's final defeat

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To oil the knocker To paint the town red To pay lip service to To pay through the nose To play a second fiddle To play ducks and drakes To play to the gallery To plough a lonely furrow To put a spoke in one's wheel To put down in black and white To put in the corner To put one's shoulder to the wheel To raise a dust To read between lines To read between the lines To rip up old soars To rise from the ranks To rock the boat To run in the same groove To see eye to eye To shoot a line one's success To show white feathers To smell something fishy 320

To tip the office-boy To celebrate noisily in public places To pretend to be loyal To pay very dearly To act as a subordinate to do the secondary role To squander money Trying to get appreciation from least intelligent people To do without anybody's help To disturb To write down on paper To punish To help oneself

To create confusion To understand the hidden meaning of the writer To understand more than the actual words To revive a quarrel which was almost forgotten To rise to a high position Upset the balance Advance in harmony To agree To exaggerate about To show fear To feel that there is something wrong

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To snap one's fingers To sound a red alert To spill the beans To split hair To split hairs To stand to one's guns To step into another's shoes To stick to one's gun To take people by storm To take the law into one's hand To take to one's heels To talk shop To throw up one's nose at a thing To throw up the sponge To turn a deaf ear To turn a hair To turn the comer To wake up a sleeping dog To wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve To work like a dog To wrangle over an ass's shadow Turn over a new leaf Turn the tables Two strings to bow Under a cloud Valley of the shadow of death 321

To become contemptuous of To make alert To reveal secret information To indulge in over-refined arguments To make pretty and fine distinctions To preserve when hardships press To take another's place To maintain one's point against all opposition To captivate them unexpectedly To have a disregard for law and order To run away To talk nonsense To treat it with contemptuous dislike or disgust To surrender or give up a contest To disregard To reveal discomfiture Pass the crisis To disturb some person or condition capable of causing trouble Expose one’s innermost feeling to other To work very hard To quarrel over trifles Make a fresh start Reverse the situation between two persons or opponent Possessing a second way of attaining one's object To be in bad book Nearness to death, place of fear for those poor in faith SBI PO Exam Study Package

Wash hands off the matter Wear heart on (one's) sleeve Wear the breeches Wheels within wheels White elephant Win by a hair With a high hand With heart in (one's) boots (or mouth) With neither rhyme nor reason Without turning a hair

322

Have nothing to do with it Make public your private feelings Domination of the husband by the wife Situation or extreme complexity Something useless and expensive To win by a narrow margin Arrogantly, imperiously Terrified, apprehensive, alarmed

Without any sense, useless Without any sign of discomfort

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SOLVED EXAMPLES Directions: (1-5) Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer. (IBPS PO/MT Exam 2012) 1. US secretary of state made it clear that time running out for diplomacy over Iran's nuclear programme and said that talks aimed at preventing Tehran from acquiring a nuclear weapon would resume in April. 1) Runs out 2) was running out 3) Ran out 4) Run 5) No correction required 2. While the war of the generals rage on, somewhere in small town India, wonderful things are happening, quietly and minus fanfare. 1) rage 2) raging 3) rages on 4) raged on 5) No correction required 3. According to WWF, the small island nation of Samoa was the first in switch off its lights for Earth Hour. 1) first to switch of 2) the first to switch off 3) the first of switch off 4) first in switch of 5) No correction required 4. The campaign is significant because not just the youths are directly appealing to the world but because their efforts challenge the chimera of normalcy in the area. 1) Not just because 2) Just not because 3) Not just 4) Because just 5) No correction required 323

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5. The doctor's association has threatened to go indefinite strike support of their teachers. 1) on supporting to 2) to supporting 3) for support 4) in support of 5) No correction required

Answers (Q.1 to 5) 1 (2)‘was running out’ 2 (3)’rages on’ should be used as subject is singular.

3 (2)’ the first to switch off’ should be used.

5 (4)’in’ should be used before ‘support of’

4 (1)Not just should be used before ‘because’

Directions (Q. 6-10): Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the word/phrase printed in bold in the sentence, to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer. (Central Bank of India PO Exam 2010) 6. The poor Brahmin led a hand to mouthful existence and could use any job which paird him a little. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

handful-to-mouthful existence hand-to-mouth existence handing for mouthful existing hand and mouth exist No correction required.

7. In order to earning decent living we need to have a good job which pays a substantial amount of money, 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

earned decency life earning decency live earn a decent living earned decently life No Correction required

8. We went to the famous-restaurant to eat and were served piped hot food. 1) 2) 3) 4)

served piping hotter serving pipe hot served piping hot serve pipe hotten 324

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5) No correction required 9. Akshay considered Suresh a complete pain in the neck as he kept asking baseless questions, ' 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

paining in the neck painless neck painful necks pain in necking No correction required

10. I jump through hoop to finish this project in time but was not rewarded adequately, 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

jumped through hoops jumping for hooping jumped on hoop jumping from hoop No correction required

Answers (Q. 6 to 10) 6 (2)’ hand-to-mouth’ is a single word. 7 (3) ‘earn a decent living’ 8 (3)the correct word is ‘served piping hot’ 9 (5) 10 (1) past tense should be used. Directions (Q.11-15):Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each statement should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer. (United Bank of India PO Exam 2009) 11. One of the main function of the State is maintenance of law and order. 1) main function for 2) main functions of 3) main functions for 4) main functions off 5) No correction required 325

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12. Setbacks and failures has always been an integral part of science. 1) has always being 2) were always been 3) has been always 4) have always been 5) No correction required 13. The sword of Tipu Sultan was recently brought at an auction by an Indian for Rs 2 crores. 1) brought in a 2) brought in an 3) bought in an 4) bought at a 5) No correction required 14. Alcohol in moderate quantity boosts concentration of good cholesterol and inhibiting blood clots. 1) inhibits blood clots 2) inhibit blood clots 3) inhibited blood clots 4) inhabiting blood clots 5) No correction required 15. We must realise that learning from mistakes is an important part of life. 1) mistakes are an 2) mistakes are a 3) mistake are a 4) mistakes has an 5) No correction required

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Answers (Q.11 to 15) 11 (2) It should be’ main functions of’ as we are choosing one from many. 12 (4) ’have’ should be used for two objects. 13 (3) The correct word is’ bought in an’. 14 (1) Present Indefinite tense should be used. 15 (5) Directions (Q.16-20): Which of the phrases 1), 2), 3) and 4) given below each statement should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence.fo make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and No correction is required', mark 5) as the answer. (IDBI Bank (PO) Exam 2009) 16. An NGO is working towards providing free education to the girl child so that every girl can stand on their own feet. 1) stands on their own 2) stands on her own 3) stand in her own 4) stand on their own’s 5) No correction required 17. The animal rescuers anaesthetised the dog which had been with great pain after having met with an accident. 1) which had been in 2) which is being with 3) who had been in 4) who has been at 5) No correction required 18. In its final decision, the court ruled that all the allegations levelled for the accused were false and baseless. 1) allegation levelled against the

327

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2) allegations level against that 3) allegations levelled against the 4) allegation levelled with that 5) No correction required 19. If I leave early from home, I could have made it on time to the airport. 1) If I would leave early 2) Had I leave earlier 3) If I could left early 4) Had I left earlier 5) No correction required 20. Thousands of fire-fighters were deployed at the factory when a fire suddenly broke out due to a short circuit. 1) on the factory when 2) at the factory while 3) at that factory when 4) in the factory while 5) No correction required

Answers (Q.16 to 20) 16 (2) ‘stands on her own’ as subject is singular. 17 (1)’in’ should be used instead of ‘with’ 18 (3)’against’ should be used with allegations not ‘for’. 19 (4) When two events of past are compared, the event that occurred earlier must be in past perfect. 20(5)

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Direction: Find the word/phrases given below each of the sentences should replace the word/phrase printed in bold letter to make the sentence grammatically correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and no correction is required, then mark (e) as your answer. 1. The government announced much tax concessions for the income tax payers. (a) A little (b) Some (c) Any (d) Heaps of (e) No correction required 2. Had you gone to Calcutta, do not forget to visit the Metro Rail. (a) Had you go (b) If you had gone (c) Going (d) If you go (e) No Correction Required 3. Swimming cannot be learnt unless one will get down to water. (a) So long as one gets down (b) Until one gets down (c) Unless one gets down (d) Until one will get down (e) No Correction Required 4. Shabnam asked Laila how did she join Excellent Bank Coaching. (a) How she has joined (b) How she joined (c) How had she joined (d) That how she joined (e) No correction required 5. People are voluntarily helping the riot victims. (a) Spontaneously (b) Purposefully (c) Naturally (d) Intentionally (e) No Correction Required

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6. You are requested to kindly help me. (a) To help (b) Kindly to help (c) To please help (d) Not to help (e) No Correction required 7. Ramesh even could not solve the sum. (a) Ramesh and I both (b) Only Ramesh (c) Ramesh but (d) Ramesh only (e) No Correction 8. A body of volunteers have been organized for the relief work. (a) Are also (b) Could have (c) Are being (d) Is being (e) No Correction required 9. She is in danger to lose her balance. (a) To loose (b) Of lose (c) Of losing (d) To lose off (e) No Correction Required 10. He is good friend of his and I. (a) His and me (b) Him and yours (c) Hers and mine (d) Me and his (e) No Correction Required 11. This is the only book which I want. (a) That I want (b) I wanted (c) I had wanted (d) Which I have wanted (e) No Correction Required 330

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12. The room is rather too dark. (a) Much too (b) Too (c) Rather (d) Too much (e) No correction required 13. Either of these are good. (a) Either (b) Both (c) Any of these (d) None (e) No correction required 14. He walks as if to be drunk. (a) He were (b) Though (c) Like (d) As (e) No correction required 15. Nothing than hard work can help you. (a) Nothing else than (b) No other things than (c) But (d) Nothing but (e) No correction required 16. He is a sales-representative in a company. (a) Sales-representative (b) Selling-representative (c) Sell-representative (d) Sail-representative (e) No correction required 17. It is hard for me re-adjust in life abroad. (a) With life (b) To life (c) By life (d) Life (e) No correction required 331

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18. The drought was followed by months of famine. (a) By many months (b) By a months of (c) By (d) By severe months (e) No correction required 19. There are no raises in the salary. (a) Is any rise (b) Are no rise (c) Is no rise (d) Are no bonuses (e) No correction required 20. The bell was wrung late. (a) Is wrung (b) Is rung (c) Has rung (d) Was rung (e) No correction required 21. The aggregate income of the trader was enormous. (a) Sum total (b) Maximum earning (c) Minimum penalty (d) Daily sale (e) No correction required 22. The passenger was on his own. (a) Clonely (b) By one self (c) With his family (d) Having his own ticket (e) By himself 23. I have read only the first three chapters of this novel. (a) The three (b) The whole (c) Most of the (d) Three first (e) No correction required 332

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24. He is cunning and rogue fellow. (a) A rogue man (b) An honest man (c) Crafty fellow (d) Fast trader (e) No correction required 25. It is better to do something than sit idle. (a) Sitting idle (b) Be idle (c) To sit idle (d) Not to do so (e) No correction required 26. He was chosen as captain. (a) Elected as (b) Nominated as (c) Not chosen as (d) Elected (e) No correction required 27. Both of us did not attend school. (a) Both the two boys (b) We all (c) Any of us (d) All of us (e) The two of us 28. He is not such a fool. (a) A (b) That a (c) Much of a (d) Quite a (e) No correction required 29. You will have to return my belonging whenever I ask for them. (a) Should have to (b) Will have (c) Would have (d) Will be (e) No correction required 333

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30. I am prepared to lie down my life for the sake of the nation. (a) Preparing to lie (b) Prepared to be laid (c) Preparing to be laid (d) Prepared to lay (e) No correction required Answers:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(b) (d) (c) (a) (e) (a)

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7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c)

13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (a)

19. (c) 20. (d) 21. (e) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (d)

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25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (e) 30. (d)

Cloze Tests Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions of Cloze Tests or Cloze Deletion Tests to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English grammar and composition. The exam can consist of ten questions on the Cloze Tests. From the exam’s point of view it is very important to solve these questions and these questions are relatively easy if you have a good English reading habit. In such kind of questions you have to make relation with the previous sentence and the next sentence then only you will be able to solve these questions with better accuracy and speed. Cloze test is a type of comprehension exercise in which the reader is required to supply words that have been omitted from the text (passage). Other names of this exercise are: I.

Fill in the Blanks in passages and comprehensions, and

II.

Choosing words in a running passage to maintain the sequence of various sentences in the paragraphs.

In the examination you will find a small passage with numbered blanks. Below the passage these numbers are repeated and against each number four or five choices of word are given. You are required to choose an appropriate word from the given choices to fill in the respective blanks in the passage. This test is designed to evaluate your knowledge of words and their correct grammatical usage so as to keep the meaning of the passage intact. Strategy to Tackle Cloze Tests To tackle the Cloze test, it is advisable to quickly read through the passage before starting to fill in the blanks. This gives you a fair idea about the content of the passage and with this background choosing appropriate words from the provided answer choices becomes easier. Example Tibet up images of a mystic land. Snow-capped mountain peaks pierce the blue sky and fierce chilly winds sweep the rolling grasslands. Maroon-robed Buddhist monks pray in remote monasteries and horsemen pound the rugged earth. People in this high plateau perform punishing rituals like prostrating hundreds of miles in tattered clothes on pilgrimage. Spirits, spells and flying apparitions are part of the Tibetan world. In short, Tibet remains an exotica. Such images are largely the result of books by Western travellers and explorers in the last century, which helped in keeping the mystique alive. And when the Communist rulers took over Tibet in the 1950s and began Chinese language and culture on the people, Tibet's own history started to in the background. Thus, the only books available in English to Tsering Wangmo Dhompa as a young girl growing up in India and Nepal as a refugee those written by Westerners, and so she came to view the 335

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country as a forbidden land, a place where fantasy and fable collaborated against a dramatic backdrop of mountains, black magic and people with strange customs and appearances. 1. (a) makes

(b) conjures

(c) puts

(d) toil.

2. (a) sturdy

(b) wobbly

(c) handsome (d) herculean.

3. (a) implementing

(b) evading

(c) imposing

(d) experimenting.

4. (a) amplify

(b) stretch

(c) die

(d) recede.

5. (a) are

(b) have been (c) was

(d) were.

Answers: 1. (b). ‘Makes up’ would mean create by altering or modifying such as ‘making up a story.’ ‘Puts up’ is also an incorrect expression here as it means ‘stays.’ ‘Toil up’ is again incorrect option as it means to put hard work into. Option (b) ‘conjures’ is the right answer which means ‘to recall.’ 2. (a). ‘Sturdy’ means ‘with strong built up’, ‘wobbly’ means ‘unsteady’, ‘herculean’ means ‘having great strength.’, ‘handsome’ means ‘good looking.’ Option (a) is the most appropriate here as a horseman is generally visualized as the one having strong built up. 3. (c). Since the sentence talks about communist rulers ‘taking over’, option (c) ‘imposing’ which means ‘to thrust.’ 4. (d). ‘Amplify’ and ‘stretch’ both mean an increase. ‘Die’ would be a little extreme word here. ‘Recede’ which means ‘to move back’ matches up with the word background used in the sentence. 5. (e). The correct tense form here would be option (d) i.e.; ‘were.’

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Close Test (1): In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which is numbered. These numbers are again printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested. One of them is perfectly suitable for the whole passage. Find out the appropriate words. In June 1422, the first Earth Summit (the UN Conference on the Environment) was held in Stockholm, Sweden. Exactly 20 years later in June 1442-the second Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From Rio, a declaration of (1) and (2) plan (3) eventually. In particular, two international treaties were signed. In particular, two international treaties were signed. One deals with manmade global (4) that is likely to change the world’s climate in the next century. The other is concerned with protecting the (5) of the earth’s plant and animal species. During the 20 years that (6) between the two Earth Summits, our planet has undergone dramatic changes in population and the (7) pressures that humanity puts on its natural (8) are (9) as the (10) of the 21st Century approaches. 1.

5. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Leaders Nations Heads States Principles

2.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Wealth Variety Rich Threat Awing

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Went Elapsed Go Run Raced

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Polluting Industry Immense Pollution Pressing

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Resources Funds Sources Penances Beauty

6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Use less Inhibited Unwanted Active Action

3.

7. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Emerged Developed Came Started Ended

4.

8. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Heating Context Warming Booking Threats

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9.

10. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Fashionable Mainly Danger Highlighted Coming

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Twilight End Sunset Dusk Dawn

Close Test (2): In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which is numbered. These numbers are again printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested. One of them is perfectly suitable for the whole passage. Find out the appropriate words. Besides (1) the Wireless in (2) Local Loops (WLL) scheme and (3) expansion of some telephone exchanges, the Telecom Department has taken various measures to improve it in Luck now. Steps are also being taken to clear the waiting list of the telephone connection at a (4) pace. The Telephone directory in English also (5) to be ready to March by next year. Giving this information here on Friday, Principal General Manager (Telecom) said that the “Free Phone Services” would also be introduced under intelligent network services during the (6) month. Under this scheme, the payment would be made by the (7) party and not by the caller. (8) it would be (9) only for the local calls but later it may be (15) to STD and ISD also. 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Withdrawing Allowing Giving Introducing Stop Starting Adopting Giving Taken Stopping Service Efficiency Influence Directory Service

4.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Thought Ought Expected Has Expecting

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Current Called Dialed Subscribe No error

6.

3. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Advanced Accelerated Honest Abundant Immense

5.

2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

7. (a) Calling

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(b) (c) (d) (e)

Called Dialed Subscribe Consumer

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Foremost First Firstly Presently Initially

8.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Legal Authorized Valid Invalid Expanded

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Stretched Extended Given Extend Allowed

10.

9.

Close Test (3): In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which is numbered. These numbers are again printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested. One of them is perfectly suitable for the whole passage. Find out the appropriate words. For generations man has (1) against the wild to create a world where only he (2) whether animals and plants survive or are (3) out. Earlier, we accepted as self evident that any (4) in our environment brought about by sciences and technology must be improvements the (5) world of our (6). However, many people all over the world have begun to feel that (7) are going too far, and that we should try to (8) some of original before we find it (9) too late. The same sciences which had led us away from nature are now the (10) miracle of creation. 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Faced Stood Struggled Challenged Came

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Decides Think Advises Observes Thanks

(d) Thrown (e) Kept 4.

2.

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Difference Increments Changes Replacement Turns

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

In At Over For To

5.

3. (a) Taken (b) Wiped (c) Put

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

6. (a) Aborigines SBI PO Exam Study Package

(b) (c) (d) (e)

Ancient Successors Ancestors Modern

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Ourselves We Us Some Our

(d) Renovate (e) Latest 9.

7.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Occurs Sounds Seems Gets Earns

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Unfolding Discussing Arguing Narrating Telling

10.

8. (a) Demolish (b) Cherish (c) Save

Answers:Close Test (1) 1. (e) 2. (e)

3. (a) 4. (c)

5. (a) 6. (b)

7. (c) 8. (a)

9. (d) 10. (e)

Close Test (2) 1. 2. 3. 4.

(d) (a) (e) (b)

5. 6. 7. 8.

(b) (a) (b) (e)

9. (b) 10. (a)

Close Test (3) 1. (c) 2. (a)

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3. (b) 4. (c)

5. (a) 6. (c)

7. (b) 8. (c)

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9. (d) 10. (a)

Reading Comprehension (Passages) Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there are questions on Passages to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English Comprehension. The exam can consist of twenty to twenty five questions from two to three passages. From the exam’s point of view it is very important to solve these questions and these questions are relatively easy if you are comfortable with the English language. In such kind of questions you have to read the complete passage and its original meaning what the writer wants to convey to the readers then only you will be able to solve these questions with better accuracy and speed. Here, we will practice few questions on Passages. The comprehension part of any test contains reading passages of about 300 words taken from a published material and we have to answer a series of questions based on the passage. The reading passages are drawn from several areas like History, Geography, Civics, Economics, Literature, Philosophy, Biographies, Essays, and Politics etc. Questions on the reading comprehension are not only designed to test one’s ability to understand directly stated information in the passage but they also test one’s ability to understand implications and draw inferences. In short, the questions are meant to test one’s ability to read a passage and comprehend its meaning, and express that ability by selecting the correct answer from among the answer choices given for each question. Note that since the questions asked are to test the ability to read a passage and comprehend its meaning, you have to judge the correctness of an answer on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Even if the information in the passage runs counter to what you believe to be correct, your answer should be based only upon what author says in the passage. To be able to solve a RC passage with utmost accuracy, it is important to:  

to identify the author’s purpose, evaluate the author’s style, or analyse the author’s arguments, to recognize the main idea or the central idea presented by the author, and to apply his/her view point, to comprehend vocabulary by giving questions on word meanings, synonyms, antonyms, meaning of phrases and idioms.

Format of Reading Comprehension (RC) Section A passage of about 300-500 words is taken from a published material and a series of questions is asked about the content of the passage. Some of the questions test the ability to understand directly stated information, some test the ability to recognize implications and draw inferences,

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and some test the ability to comprehend the text and recognize the main idea presented by the author. Tactics to tackle RC questions The following pages list every proven technique for succeeding in the RC section, which, incidentally, is a pitfall for many test-takers. Before we look at the types of questions asked in the RC section, let us consider how to approach reading the passage itself. To answer the questions correctly, one should obviously read and understand the text. But imagine if you are able to finish only three of the six paragraphs given, because you read slowly! You will then get only 50 per cent marks that too if you answer all the questions correctly. On the other hand, if you finish all the paragraphs quickly and are able to answer only half the questions correctly, you will still get only 50 per cent marks. To answer questions correctly, it is important to comprehend what you read. But reading and comprehending what you are reading are interdependent. In other words, speed can be improved by improving comprehension, and comprehension will, in turn, improve with improved speed. Therefore, the primary goal should be to build up enough speed to finish reading the entire given paragraph in the stipulated time, and also, give as many correct answers as possible. Example The wave of anti-Japanese protests that has erupted across China, after tit-for-tat landings by ultranationalists on uninhabited islands which the Japanese call the Senkakus and the Chinese the Diaoyus, is alarming. It is a reminder of how a barren group of disputed rocks could upend pain-staking progress in the difficult relations between Asia’s two biggest powers. And the spat even raises the specter of a conflict that could conceivably draw in America. China has never formally controlled the Senkakus, and for most Japanese, blithely forgetful of their country’s rapacious, imperial past, possession is nine-tenths of the law. Yet the islands’ history is ambiguous. The Senkakus first crept into the record lying in the Chinese realm, just beyond the Ryukyu kingdom, which in the 1870s was absorbed by Japan and renamed Okinawa. After Japan’s defeat in 1945 the Americans took over Okinawa’s administration, along with the Senkakus. In the 1951 peace treaty between Japan and the United States, as well as in the agreement to return Okinawa in 1972, the Senkakus’ sovereignty was left vague (Taiwan claims them too). The Americans say the dispute is for the parties to resolve amicably. Three decades ago that looked possible. Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China’s modernization, recognized the risks. When he signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with Japan in 1978, the two countries agreed to kick the Senkakus into the long grass. “Our generation”, Deng said, “is not wise enough to find common language on this question. The next generation will be wiser.” His hopes have been dashed. 342

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Chinese maritime power is growing, in ways that not only challenge Japan’s control of the Senkakus (but also worry other countries that have maritime disputes with China). The current squabble began when the right-wing governor of Tokyo declared that the metropolitan government would buy the Senkakus from their indebted private owner, the better to assert Japanese sovereignty. Not to be seen as weak, Yoshihiko Noda, the prime minister, retorted that the Japanese government would buy them instead. The natural solution What can be done? Neither side wants to jeopardize good relations, let alone go to war, over the Senkakus. But the fact that there is a (remote) danger of conflict should prompt both governments to do two things. The long-term task is to defang the more poisonous nationalist serpents in both countries’ politics. In Japan that means producing honest textbooks so that schoolchildren can discover what their predecessors did. In China (no promulgator of honest textbooks itself) the government must abandon its habit of using Japanophobia as an outlet for populist anger, when modern Japan has been such a force for peace and prosperity in Asia. But the priority now is to look for ways to minimize the chances of unwished-for conflict, especially in seas swarming with rival vessels. A mechanism to deal with maritime issues between the two countries was set up last year. Ideally, both sides should make it clear that military force is not an option. China should undertake not to send official vessels into Japanese waters, as it still occasionally does, and deal more forcefully with militaristic sabre-rattlers like the general who suggested using the Senkakus for bombing practice. As for the Senkakus themselves, Mr. Noda’s proposal to buy them would have value if accompanied by a commitment to leave them unvisited. Our own suggestion is for governments to agree to turn the Senkakus and the seas round them—along with other rocks contested by Japan and South Korea—into pioneering marine protected areas. As well as preventing war between humans, it would help other species. Thanks to decades of overfishing, too few fish swim in those waters anyway. Questions: 1. What is the central idea of the passage? A. B. C. D.

To analyze China’s double faced international policies. To analyze America’s role in international politics. To analyze China and Japan’s current standing on Senkakus. To analyze the history of Senkakus island.

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Answer: Option C is the correct answer. A quick mind map of the passage will help us understand the central idea of the passage which is to discuss China and Japan’s current standing on Senkakus Island. In the passage the author has discussed where the conflict started from, where it is right now and has also suggested how it should move ahead. Hence, option C is correct. Option A is vaguely implied in the passage; but it is certainly not the central idea. Option B can be easily negated as nowhere does the passage discuss America’s role in international politics. Option D can bait a student as a right answer but it can also be eliminated as the passage is more about China and Japan on Senkakus (option C) than Senkakus alone. 2. Why does the author starts the passage with ‘’THE’ wave of anti-Japanese protest?” A. B. C. D.

To highlight the fact that there is only one specific wave that has erupted across China. To highlight the intensity of the spat that has risen. To catch the attention of the reader. To ridicule the fact that two biggest Asian countries are fighting over an issue that can be amicably resolved.

Answer: Option B is the correct answer. It is after the opening sentence that the author goes ahead to discuss the intensity of the spat between China and Japan. ‘THE’ (in uppercase) emphasizes the extent of tension that exists between the two countries. Hence, option B is the right answer. Option A is too extreme an assumption and hence can be negated. Option C can be the right answer but it cannot be the only reason why the author has used ‘THE’ in the beginning of the passage. Option D can be eliminated as the author has not mentioned talking about an amicable resolving of the dispute anywhere in this passage. 3. What do you infer is the profession of the author? A. B. C. D.

Teacher. Reporter. Foreign relations expert. Diplomat

Answer: Option B is the correct answer. Option A is easily eliminated as it leaves an ambiguity as to what subject’s teacher and of what capacity. Option D can also be eliminated for same reasons. Option B and C are close options and both would look correct in the first glance but if we read a line from last paragraph carefully it says “Our own suggestion is for governments to agree to turn the Senkakus and the seas round them—along with other rocks contested by Japan and South Korea—into pioneering marine protected areas.” The word ‘our’ indicates that someone has written this piece of article 344

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as a representative of a body whereas a foreign relation expert could work on his own also. Option B makes for a clearer and ambiguity free answer. 4. What is the author’s tone in the passage? A. B. C. D.

Analytical Indignant Optimistic Critical

Answer: Option A is the correct answer. Option B can be eliminated as we do not see the author expressing an indignant or angry tone in the passage. Option C can also be ruled out as the author does not display any sign of hope regarding the issue he deals with in the passage. This brings us to Option A and D, both of which are very close options. Between the two, however, Option A is a better answer as ‘critical’ means being occupied with criticism whereas the author rather than criticizing someone in this passage, tries to analyze the situation and the problem. 5. Why does the author use the sentence: ”It is a reminder of how a barren group of disputed rocks could upend pain-staking progress in the difficult relations between Asia’s two biggest powers”? A. To alarm people of a brewing conflict which can lead to a war-like situation. B. To highlight the fact that the two biggest nations of Asia are fighting for a barren land rather than focusing themselves on the path of progress. C. To explain the importance that even a barren piece of land has in national progress. D. To show that nationalism is important than any other emotion. Answer: Option B is the correct answer. Option A is nothing but a mix of few words from the passage. The author does not say this statement in order to alarm people of the brewing conflict. Rather, option B is the right answer because the author uses this statement to show the intensity of the issue i.e., it is such a sensitive issue that the two biggest countries of Asia are fighting over a piece of barren land wherein they could have spend that time in focusing on their respective growth. Option C is a vague option as the author seems to believe exactly the opposite of what is stated here. Option D is an extreme option and is not discussed in the passage.

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6. Which of these statements is not true according to the passage? A. B. C. D.

Deng Xiaoping played a major role in emergence of modern China. Yoshihiko Noda is the PM of Japan. Japan has bought Senkakus. Diaoyus is surrounded with controversy.

Answer: Option C is the correct answer. The statement in Option A is true as the passage clearly says “Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China’s modernisation, recognised the risks.” Option B is true as well as it is followed from the passage: “Not to be seen as weak, Yoshihiko Noda, the prime minister, retorted that the Japanese government would buy them instead.” Option D is also true as the passage is about controversy regarding Senkakus whose Chinese name is Diaoyus. Option C is the right answer as it is not mentioned in the passage and is hence a false statament. As per the passage, Japan has proposed to buy Senkakus but it is not clear whether they have already bought it. 7. What is the author’s position regarding the whole problem? A. Senkakus and the seas around them should be turned into pioneering marine protected areas so as to dissolve any conflict. B. Leaders of both the nations should ideally sit with each other and chalk out a mutual solution. C. America, who had initially handed over Senkakus islands to Japan, should intervene in between. D. Japan should hand over Senkakus to China as they fall within the Chinese waters. Answer: Option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect – the author might have implied this but towards the end of the passage, he clearly concludes by saying: “Our own suggestion is for governments to agree to turn the Senkakus and the seas round them—along with other rocks contested by Japan and South Korea—into pioneering marine protected areas.” Hence, option A is correct. Option C is incorrect as the author has just casually mentioned that America does not seem to be interested in intervening in the matter. Option D is incorrect as it is not suggested by the author anywhere in the passage.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Passage (1) Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the following question given below it. The two great epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, were developed over a period of centuries and perhaps put to writing in their present form in the second century AD. The Mahabharata contain about 50000 verses and is the longest single poem in the world. Besides the main story of the war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, a number of the other interesting stories are woven into the epic. The Bhagvat Gita, a later addition to the Mahabharata, enshrines a philosophical doctrine and it is described the three path of salvation, viz. Karma, Gyan, and Bhakti. The Ramayana, the story of Rama, is shorter than the Mahabharata and is full of interesting adventures and episodes. These two epics have influenced the thinking of millions of people for centuries. This period abounds in influence in the development from early Vedic religion to Hinduism. There were many other shastras and smrities. The shastras contained works of science and philosophy. For Example, the Arthashastra by Kautiliya was treatise on the science of government. There were Shastras on art, mathematics and other sciences. The smirities deals dealt with the performance of duties, custom and laws prescribed according to the Dharma. The most famous of these is Manusmriti. 1. What does the Bhagwat Gita enshrine? (a) About 50000 poems or verses. (b) A lates addition to the Mahabharata (c) The main story of the Kaurvas and the Pandavas (d) The battle of Kurukshetra (e) The philosophy of Karma and the Pandavas 2. Why are the Puranas important? (a) They symbolize the transformation from vedic religion to the Hinduism (b) They are the masterpiece example of secular literature written I treatises (c) They contain many shastras and smrities (d) They contain a lot of works of science and philosophy of Kautiliya (e) None of these 3. What is prescribed in the Manusmriti? (a) A philosophical doctrine depicting three paths of salvation (b) A treatise on the art of governing (c) Performance of Karma and gyan as described in the Gita (d) The right way of performing customs duties and the performance of law (e) None of these 347

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4. When were the two epics written according to the author’s view? (a) In the second century AD (b) After the later additions to the Bhagwat Gita (c) During the period of Ram and The Pandavas and the Kauravas (d) Perhaps, over a period of centuries (e) None of these 5. What comprises the Mahabharata? (a) A single poem (b) 50000 poems (c) The Bhagwat Gita (d) Vedic religious (e) The concept of the sciences of governance 6. Which stories are woven into the longest poem of the world? (a) The story of the longest single poem in the world (b) The smrities and the shastras (c) The stories from the Puranas (d) A treatise by Kautilya (e) None of these Direction: Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in the meaning as printed in bold letter as used in context of the passage? 7. Epics (a) Holy (b) poems (c) Details (d) Religious (e) Story telling 8. Treatise (a) Treaty (b) Work (c) Topic (d) Knowledge (e) Treatment

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Direction: Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as word printed in bold letters as used in the passage? 9. Secular (a) Democratic (b) Religious (c) Communal (d) Red tapism (e) Liberal 10. Famous (a) Known (b) Best (c) Magnificent (d) Ignominious (e) Ignorant Passage (2) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. Rajendra stayed in a tiny hut with his goat. One day, his uncles tied it alongside the goats that belonged to the village butcher. The butcher killed all the goats. Now, Rajendra's goat had a bell around its neck. Rajendra found the bell. Scared that the boy would tell everyone he had killed a stolen goat, the butcher gave Rajendra some money! His uncles met him and asked about the money. 'Everyone wanted goat's meat today. My goat somehow ended up at the butcher's and he sold its meat. This is my share', he replied. His uncles who owned twenty goats slaughtered them all and went to sell the meat. But there was so much meat in the market that they got only a few rupees for their goats. Angry, they set fire to his little hut. Rajendra came home and found a pile of ash. Sadly he gathered the ash in a bag and decided to leave the village. He walked till he reached a village where he sat down under a tree to rest. Who was this stranger carrying a bag of ashes? The villagers wondered. Rajendra's hut had been his dearest possession, so he said, 'It is the ash from a sacred place'. The villagers asked him to sell it. But he refused. Rumor spread that a holy man from the Himalayas had ash that could cure all misfortunes. He wanted no money, but it was only right that you paid a coin. Soon the ash was all gone and in its place was a pile of coins. Rajendra decided to return to his village. When his uncles saw him they asked Rajendra 349

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his secret. Rajendra said, 'I sold the ash from my burnt hut and got this money'. His uncles burnt down their fine houses, gathered the ashes and set off for the village, but as soon as they uttered the word 'ash', the villagers beat them! By then the villagers knew here was no magic in the ash. Angry, the uncles decided to kill Rajendra. They invited him for a walk and pushed him in the river. A girl washing clothes nearby heard his screams for help. Being a good swimmer she dived in. When she heard his story she thought of a plan. The next day Rajendra went to his uncles' house with the girl, dressed in finery and said, 'When I fell into the river, she saved me. She has a palace at the bottom of the river. Do come and visit us'. Saying this, they left in the direction of the river, The uncles decided to follow Rajendra and cheat him of his newfound wealth. So they ran to the river and dived into its deep waters. They were never heard of again'. 1. Why did the butcher slaughter Rajendra's goat? (a) Rajendra's uncles had sold it to him (b) He had stolen it as he did not have sufficient goats (c) It was the healthiest of all the goats he had (d) Rajendra agreed to let him if he was given a share of the profit (e) None of these 2. Which of the following can be said about Rajendra's uncles? (a) They treated Rajendra badly because they had not been on good terms with his parents. (b) They were cunning thieves and had made a lot of money (c) They were rich but were jealous of Rajendra's wealth (d) They were creative and found indirect ways of helping Rajendra to make money (e) They tried to drive Rajendra away from the village because they were ashamed of him 3. Why did Rajendra leave his village one day? (a) He was so upset over the death of his goat that he could not bear to live there any longer. (b) He left in order to sell ash at a nearby village. (c) He had lost his house in a fire set by his uncles. (d) He was in search of a wife since he had no family of his own. (e) His uncles refused him shelter and he had nowhere to stay after his hut burnt down.

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4. Why did the villagers donate money to Rajendra? A. They saw his bag of ashes and felt sorry for him. B. They felt that it was their duty to help him in his time of trouble. C. He misled them into thinking he had travelled all the way to the Himalayas. (a) None (b) Both A and B (c) Only B (d) Only C (e) None of these 5. How did Rajendra get his uncles to stop harassing him? (a) He offered them all his wife's wealth (b) He told them about his good luck so they decided to treat him well (c) He pushed them into the river (d) They realised they could not harm him and gave up (e) None of these 6. What made the villagers angry with Rajendra uncles? (a) The ash the uncles had sold them was useless (b) They were asking an unreasonable price for the ash (c) They thought the uncles wanted to cheat them just as Rajendra had (d) His uncles had treated Rajendra very badly (e) None of these 7. Why did the girl go into the river? (a) She had to enter 'the river to wash her clothes (b) She wanted to show off her swimming skills (c) She wanted to save Rajendra (d) She lived at the bottom of the river (e) None of these 8. Which of the following is TRUE in the context of the passage? A. Rajendra plotted with the villagers to teach his uncle a lesson. B. Rajendra married the girl who saved him from drowning. C. Rajendra uncles were very greedy. (a) None (b) Both (A) and (C) (c) Only (B) (d) Only (C) (e) None of these 351

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Directions: Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage. 9. STAYED (a) Delayed (b) Remained (c) Lived (d) Postponed (e) None of these 10. REST (a) Balance (b) Relax (c) Calm (d) Quiet (e) Others Directions: Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage. 11. SACRED (a) Devil (b) Unfaithful (c) Sinless (d) Unholy (e) Religious 12. GOOD (a) Dishonest (b) Incapable (c) Unhealthy (d) Unsuitable (e) Disobedient

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Passage (3) Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Angry taxi-drivers, lorry drivers and private car owner yesterday threatened “violent opposition” to the Municipal Corporation’s proposed vehicle regulations to control the emissions of carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases. “It will cost far too much. I simply can’t afford it”, shouted one angry motorist, when questioned by this reporter, A bus driver added. Why should the driver of a vehicle have to pay the on-the-spot-fine? This isn’t my personal bus, I just drive it,” Taxi owners, too are incensed at the new regulations. “Why weren’t we consulted?” They demanded angrily. “We will have to spend a lot of money getting taxis fixed in order to meet these tough regulations. This will put up taxi fares at least by 25%. The public will suffer………….” 1. In what context did the vehicle drivers and car owners threaten a violent opposition? (a) They were angry with the Municipal Corporation’s sudden vehicle regulation. (b) They could not afford to get their vehicle regulations. (c) They were afraid that the public would suffer. (d) They were unhappy with the government. (e) None of these 2. What did an angry motorist mean by “I can afford it”? (a) He was unable to abide by the newly imposed regulations (b) He did not own a personal bus. (c) It was costly to get the vehicle fitted as the regulation demanded. (d) The regulation was passed without sufficient notice and he could not afford the new device. (e) None of these 3. Why did the Municipal Corporation pass the regulation? (a) It wanted the city to be clean (b) It had the welfare of people in mind (c) The cars and buses added to the level of pollution (d) It would check harmful emissions from the vehicles. (e) None of these 4. Why did the bus driver object to the regulations? (a) He had to get his bus fitted to meet the new regulations (b) He supported the other drivers in the city (c) The bus was not a private bus (d) He was made to pay the fine (e) He was supposed to pay a fine for bus that didn’t belong to him 353

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5. Which of the following was the outcome of the proposed regulations? A. The driver were very angry B. Taxi fares went up by 25 % C. It helped to control poisonous emissions (a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) A and C (e) A, B, and C 6. Which of the following statements is TRUE in context of the passage? (a) Bus drivers had to pay fine just for driving a bus (b) Car owner could not afford to get their cars fitted (c) Public would suffer because of the violent oppositions (d) Taxi Owner were more angry than taxi drivers (e) None of these Direction: Which of the following is mot nearly SAME in meaning as word printed in Bold letters as used in context of the passage 7. Proposed (a) Offering (b) Nominated (c) Suggested (d) Imposed (e) Told 8. Regulations (a) Laws (b) Restrictions (c) Ruling (d) Rules (e) Bills 9. Incensed (a) Scented (b) Angry (c) Joyous (d) Irritated (e) Enjoying 354

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10. Tough (a) Difficult (b) Smooth (c) Stringent (d) Partial (e) Lenient Answer:Passage (1) 1. (e) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (e) Passage (2)

5. 6. 7. 8.

(a) (e) (b) (b)

9. (c) 10. (d)

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

(e) (c) (e) (d)

9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b)

5. 6. 7. 8.

(a) (e) (c) (d)

9. (b) 10. (c)

(e) (c) (c) (d)

Passage (3) 1. 2. 3. 4.

(a) (c) (d) (e)

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Sentence Reconstruction (Para Jumbled) Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions on Para Jumbled Tests to assess the candidate’s knowledge of English grammar and composition. The exam can consist of five to seven questions on the Para Jumbled Tests. From the exam’s point of view it is very important to solve these questions and these questions are relatively easy if you have a good English reading habit. In such kind of questions you have to make a relation with the previous sentence and the next sentence then only you will be able to solve these questions with better accuracy and speed. What type of questions are asked in Sentence Reconstruction? A distinctive question on Sentence arrangement consists of an opening and a closing sentence with four other sentences in between which have to be sensibly arranged. The student needs to pick up a grammatically correct sentence arrangement from a set of 4-5 choices. There will be only one way of rearranging them to acquire coherence, connection and development. You should choose the correct arrangement from the given answers. Points to Remember while soving questions based on Sentence Reconstruction 

Two sentences cannot be connected without punctuation.



If a transition word is used to join two sentences, Student should precede it with a semicolon and follow it with a comma.



When two sentences are connected by a conjunction, in that case each sentence must be complete Comma splice



Two sentences are never sconnected by a comma alone.

Tips to Students for solving Sentence Reconstruction part effectively 

Students should develop their credibility by paying attention to intricacies of the grammar.



Should have a clear idea about the various parts of speech and how they function together.



They should practice to form a right sentence structure and make sure that their verb matches their subject.



Students are highly advised to read to sentences loud to hear pace and rhythm, which directly helps in getting the punctuation in the right place.

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

They should also Study the rules for the apostrophe and ensure they are placed correctly.

Here we are giving some examples. Students are advised to go through it carefully. 1. There is a fashion now-a-days P. as an evil Q. who is born with a silver spoon R. to bewail poverty S. and to pity the Youngman 6. in his mouth (a) PSRQ (b) RPSQ (c) RSQP (d) SPRQ Ans. (b) Explanation: There is a fashion now-a-days to bewail poverty as an evil and to pity the young man who is born with silver spoon in his mouth. 2. Even though he had prepared well P. in the examination hall Q. and could not do R. for the examination S. he got nervous 6. as well as he have hoped to do (a) QRSP (b) RSPQ (c) PQRS 357

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(d) PRSQ Ans.(b) Explanation: Even though he had prepared well for the examination, he got nervous in the examination hall and could not do as well as he have hoped to do. 3. Though the government claims P. it has failed to arrest Q. the rate of inflation is down R. or the decrease S. the rise in prices 6. in the per capita income (a) PQRS (b) PQSR (c) PSQR (d) QPSR Ans. (d) Explanation: Though the government claims the rate of inflation is down, it has failed to arrest the rise in prices or the decrease in per capita income. 4. The main purpose P. how much Q. is to find out R. of this test S. of English T. he knows (a) PQSR 358

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(b) PRQS (c) RQPS (d) SPQR Ans. (c) Explanation: The main purpose of this test is to find out how much of English he knows. 5. They would gather information P. and then report the findings Q. of the lands R. through which they travelled S. about the wealth and military strength 6. to the king (a) PQSR (b) PSQR (c) QRSP (d) SQRP Ans. (d) Explanation: They would gather information about the wealth and military strength of the lands through which they travelled and then report the findings to the king. 6. The two men who were following P. and who were separated from the tigress by the rock, Q. when they saw me stop R. a few yards behind me S. stood still 6. and turn my head. 359

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(a) PSQR (b) QSPR (c) RPSQ (d) SQRP Ans. (c) Explanation: The two men who were following a few yards behind me and who were separated from the tigress by the rock, stood still when they saw me stop and turn my head. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Para Jumbled Test (1): Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaningful paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E. F. 1.

Fancy lights in shops and markets are switched on to attract the customers. The festive atmosphere starts even before Dussehra. Diwali is called the festival of light and is most eagerly awaited. Everybody seems to be doing nothing bust shopping. Months before it the shopkeepers are very busy in stocking up their shops The shops and goods are beautifully decorated and displayed. Which of the above should be Fourth sentence? (a) D (b) B (c) C (d) F (e) A 2. Which of the above should be the Second sentence? (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) C (e) E

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3. Which of the above should be Last sentence? (a) C (b) D (c) B (d) E (e) F 4. Which of the above should be first sentence? (a) E (b) C (c) A (d) D (e) B 5. Which of the above should be the Third sentence? (a) A (b) E (c) C (d) B (e) D Para Jumbled Test (2) Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaning paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E. 1.

He noticed a very old man coming towards him. He was leaning against the wall. Abraham sat by the door observing all. He looked very tired and hungry. He was followed by an equality hungry boy. Which of the above should be the fourth sentence? (a) D (b) B (c) C (d) E (e) A

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2. Which of the above should be the second sentence? (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) C (e) E 3. Which of the above should be the last sentence? (a) C (b) D (c) B (d) E (e) A 4. Which of the above should be the first sentence? (a) E (b) C (c) A (d) D (e) B 5. Which of the above should be the third sentence? (a) A (b) E (c) C (d) B (e) D Para Jumbled Test (3) Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaningful paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E.

I have gone through all the formalities and will be leaving India on 25th June My sister has sponsored me to go to Australia for higher studies. Could you meet us at the station, too? Could you arrange for a good hotel for us for three days? I’ll be arriving in Bombay on 23rd by Konark Express along with my parents.

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1. Which of the above should be the fourth sentence? (a) D (b) B (c) C (d) E (e) A 2. Which of the above sentence should be the second sentence? (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) C (e) E 3. Which of the above sentence should be the last sentence? (a) C (b) D (c) B (d) E (e) A 4. Which of the above should be the first sentence? (a) E (b) C (c) A (d) D (e) B 5. Which of the above should be the third sentence? (a) A (b) E (c) C (d) B (e) D

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Para Jumbled Test (4) Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaningful paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E. 1.

To magnetize a screwdriver place it inside a direct current. It becomes magnetized. Remove it from the coil. Place it just over iron fillings. It attracts the iron fillings. Which of the above should be the Second Sentence? (a) D (b) B (c) C (d) E (e) A 2. Which of the above should be the first sentence? (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) C (e) E 3. Which of the above should be the last sentence? (a) C (b) D (c) B (d) E (e) A 4. Which of the above should be the fourth sentence? (a) E (b) C (c) A (d) D (e) B

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5. Which of the above should be the third sentence? (a) A (b) E (c) C (d) B (e) D Para Jumbled Test (5) Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaningful paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E. 1.

However the marketing reports are not good. It is one kind of its kind in India The company, now may bring down the price. The product was launched six months back. One of the reasons is that is that it is costly. Which sentence should come first in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 2. Which sentence should come second in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 3. Which sentence should come third in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

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4. Which sentence should be fourth in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 5. Which sentence should come the Last in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Para Jumbled Test (6) Direction: Rearrange the following sentences in a proper sequence so as to make a meaning paragraph and answer the questions given below it. A. B. C. D. E. 1.

I called out his name. It was indeed by old friends. He looked around but did not see me. I stopped to have a closer look at the person. I saw a familiar. Which of the following sentence should come second in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 2. Which of the following sentence should be third in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

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3. Which of the following sentence should be fourth in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 4. Which of the following sentence should be last in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 5. Which of the following sentence should be first in the paragraph? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Answers Para Jumbled Test (1) 1. (d)

2. (e)

3. (b)

4. (b)

5. (d)

3. (d)

4. (b)

5. (a)

3. (c)

4. (e)

5. (b)

3. (d)

4. (c)

5. (b)

3. (a)

4. (e)

5. (c)

Para Jumbled Test (2) 1. (a)

2. (a)

Para Jumbled Test (3) 1. (a)

2. (b)

Para Jumbled Test (4) 1. (b)

2. (b)

Para Jumbled Test (5) 1. (a) 2. (b) Para Jumbled Test (6) 1. (a) 2. (c) 367

3. (d) 4. (b) SBI PO Exam Study Package

5. (e)

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