Saponificación

ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

FACUTAD DE RECURSOS NATURALES ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL

GUÍA DE LABORATORIO DE BIOQÍMICA PARALELO: TERCERO “A” PRÁCTICA No. 3 (SAPONIFICACIÓN DE UNA GRASA)

1. DAT DATOS GENE GENERA RALE LES: S: NOMBRE: (estu!"#te(s$ Jenifer Villare! Ver%nia T&al&'& L&+r,e! -iran,a S&le,a, Ll+'i.a!i/

C%DIGO(S$: (e estu!"#te(s$ "#$ "* "$# "$0

GRUPO No.: & FEC'A DE REALIACI%N: REALIACI%N : #$*12 $*2 *"

FEC'A DE ENTREGA: #$*12 $*2 #3

&. OB)ETI*O: O+,et!-o Ge#e"/: 

Ela&rai%n ,e 4a%n a 5ar.ir ,el aei.e 5&r 'e,i& ,e la reai%n ,e !a5&nifiai%n6

O+,et!-o Es0e2!o:   

C&n&er la finali,a, 7 el f+ni&na'ien.& ,e l&! &'5&nen.e! 8!i&! ,e la! reai&ne! en la 5r&,+i%n ,e 4a%n6 A5ren,er en 9+: &n!i!.e el 5r&e!& ,e la !a5&nifiai%n C&n&er &n 9+: &.r&! rea.i;&! !e 5+e,e ela&rar el 4a%n

1. MARCO ARCO TEO TEORICO ICO

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El 5r&e!& ,e fariai%n ,e 4a%n !e lle;a a a& /raia! a +na reai%n 9+ e! ,eir !e 5r&,+e el 4a%n (!al ,el 8i,& /ra!&) 7 la /lierina (/lier&l)6

5/!e!#" La 5rini5al a+!a e! la !so!"!4# e /"s 5"s"s e# u# 6e!o "/"/!#o7 se0"8#ose 5/!e!#" 9 8!os 5"sos 6 E!.&! l.i'&! !e a!&ian in'e,ia.a'en.e &n l&! 8lali! &n!.i.+7en,& la! !ale! !%,ia! ,e l&! 8i,&! /ra!&!B el  ,"+4#6 E!.a reai%n !e ,en&'ina .a'i:n eso+/"6!e#to !o/2t!o 7 e! +na reai%n e&.:r'ia6 La reai%n . la ,e!&'5&!ii%n ,e l&! in/re,ien.e! en !+! 5ar.e! .ile! 7 la reai%n ,e e!.a! 5ara 5r&,+ir el 4a%n6 La! /ra!a! 7 l&! aei.e! !e &'5&nen ,e .ri/li:ri,&!> 5er& n& !e 5+e,e =aer 4a%n a 5ar.ir ,e ell&! e! nee!ari& 9+e !e ,e!&'5&n/a en 8i,&! /ra!&! 7 /lier&l6 L&! 8i,&! /ra!&! !&n +n ele'en.& 5ri'&r,ial en el 5r&e!& ,e ela&rai%n ,e 4a%n> en a'i& el /lier&l> a+n9+e e! .il n& e! f+n,a'en.al6 La ,e!in.e/rai%n ,e +n .ri/li:ri,& en !+! &'5&nen.e! !e ,en&'ina =i,r%li!i!6 En &n.a.& &n el a/+a .&,& l&! e!.ere!> inl+i,&! l&! /li:ri,&! !e ,e!&'5&nen en !+! &'5&nen.e!> /lierina 7 +n 8i,& /ra!&6 En el 5r&e!& ,e fariai%n ,e 4a%n> el a/+a =ae lle/ar el =i,r%i,& ,e !&,i& a .&,&! l&! rin&ne! ,el rei5ien.e> 5er'i.ien,& a!< 9+e !e 5r&,+Ha la =i,r%li!i!6 C+an,& el a/+a 7 la! /ra!a! !e 'eHlan> .an !&l& +na 5e9+ea 5ar.e ,el aei.e !e ,i!+el;e en el a/+a6 E! ,eir> el a/+a &rrien.e .an !&l& ,e!&'5&ne li/era'en.e la! /ra!a! 7 l&! aei.e!> 5&r e!.& ,ee'&! aa,ir  =i,r%i,& ,e !&,i& al a/+a6 D+ran.e la =i,r%li!i!> l&! i&ne! ,e (NaO?) a.aan el 8.&'& ,e ar& ar&n& n& 9+e !e en+en en+en.ra .ra en el e.re e.re'& '& ar& ar&il il&& ,e l&! 8i,& 8i,&!! /ra!&! /ra!&! lier8 lier8n,& n,&l&! l&! ,el .ri/li:ri,&6 Una ;eH !e5ara,&! l&! 8i,&! reai&nan &n +n i&n ,e !&,i& 7 f&r'an el 4a%n6 A &n.in+ai%n> .re! i&ne! ,e =i,r%i,& reai&nan &n el /lier&l 7 ,an l+/ar a la /lierina6 T&,a! la! reai&ne! 9+ e'ar/&> La! /ra!a! 7 aei.e! a5ar.e ,e &n.ener .ri/li:ri,&! !ie'5re &n.ienen +na 5e9+ea an.i,a, ,e 8i,&! /ra!& lire!6 C+an,& !e aa,e la !&l+i%n alalina a la /ra!a !e !a5&nifian 5ri'er& l&! 8i,&! /ra!&! lire! lire! f&r'an f&r'an,& ,& 5&ri& 5&ri&ne ne!! &n!i &n!i,e ,era rale! le! ,e 4a%n 4a%n 9+e a.a a.a &'& &'& +n eel eelen en.e .e a/en.e a/en.e

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A!< e! &'& "/ 6e;/" /os 8!os 5"sos (5rini5ale! &'5&nen.e! ,e la! /ra!a! ani'ale! 7 ,e l&! aei.e! ;e/e.ale!) o# u#" so/u!4# "/"/!#" (=e=a a 5ar.ir ,e +na 'eHla ,e a/+a 7 +n 8lali> &'& 5&r e4e'5l& la !&!a)> se o+t!e#e e/ ,"+4# (9+e !er8 real'en.e !+a;e> 5&r9+e a,e'8! el &.r& !+5r&,+.& 9+e !e &.iene ,e e!.a reai%n e! la /lierina)6 El 8/"/! e! i'5re!in,ile 5ara 9+e !e 5r&,+Ha e!a reai%n> 5er& =a7 9+e .ener en +en.a 9+e  5&r !< !&l& e! +n e/e6e#to 8ust!o 6u9 0e/!5oso > +7& 'ane4& i'5lia .&'ar +na !erie ,e  5rea+i&ne!  5rea+i&ne! '+7 i'5&r.an.e! 5ara 'ani5+larl& &n !e/+ri,a,6 L&! 8lali! '8! +.iliHa,&! en la fariai%n ,el 4a%n !&n la !&!a ( !4 'eHlar & a/i.ar ien 5ara 9+e !e ,i!+el;a> el 4a%n !e !e5ara fl&.an,& en la !+5erfiie> en ,&n,e al enfriar!e !e5ara en f&r'a ,e +na 5a!.a !e'i!%li,a6 El 4a%n &.eni,& 5+e,e !e5arar!e !i'5le'en.e &n +na e!58.+la> 5a!8n,&!e a &.r& .+& en el 9+e !e &'5r+ee 9+e e! !&l+le en a/+a6

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MATERIALES

REACTI*OS

Re;erer& Varilla ,e a/i.ai%n E!58.+la Va!& ,e 5rei5i.ai%n ,e 0$$ 'l Va!& ,e 5rei5i.ai%n ,e *$$ 'l Pr&e.a ,e *$ 'l -&r.er& PinHa T&alla Ce5ill& 5ara .+&! ,e en!a7&!

Aei.e ,e &ina Cl&r+r& ,e S&,i& ?i,r%i,& ,e 5&.a!i& *$'l al *$M A/+a

@. RESUL RESULT TADOS ADOS OBTENI OBTENIDOS DOS Se &.+;& 9+e !i =a !a5&nifiai%n> ,a &'& re!+l.a,& +n 4a%n> e!.e e4ere !+ ai%n li'5ia,&ra !&re la! /ra!a! en 5re!enia ,el a/+a ,ei,& a la e!.r+.+ra ,e !+! '&l:+la!> la! +ale! .ienen +na 5ar.e li5&!&l+le 7 &.ra =i,r&!&l+le6 C&nl+i'&! 9+e la! /ra!a! 7 aei.e! !&n /eneral'en.e !&l+le! en !&l;en.e! &r/8ni&! &r/8ni&! n&  5&lare! !in e'ar/&> e'ar/&> !&n a!i in'i!ile! en a/+a6 A .e'5era.+ra! !+5eri&re! a !+!  5+n.&! ,e f+!i%n> .an.& la! /ra!a! &'& l&! 8i,&! /ra!&! !&n .&.al'en.e 'i!ile! &n +na /ran ;arie,a, ,e =i,r&ar+r&!> :!.ere!> :.ere!> e.&na!> en.re &.r&!6 P&r 'e,i& ,e e!.a! 5r8.ia! !i'5le! !e =a l&/ra,& &'5r&ar el ar8.er a5&lar ,e l&! l ,e ar8.er =i,r&f%i&> 5&r ell& !&n '+7 in!&l+le! en

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  

 

Tener +i,a,& al '&'en.& ,e 'ani5+lar l&! in!.r+'en.&! ,e la&ra.&ri&6 Aa.ar la! in!.r+i&ne! ,el 5r&fe!&r 5ara +na +ena 5r8.ia ,e la&ra.&ri&6 A/i.ar A/i.ar ,e 'anera 'anera &rre &rre.a .a en el 5r&e 5r&e!& !& ,e !a5&n !a5&nifi ifia ai%n i%n 5ara 5ara &.ene &.enerr 'e4&re 'e4&re!! re!+l.a,&!> !i !e ,e4a ,e a/i.ar n& !e &n!e/+ir8 el &'5+e!.& ,e!ea,&6 C&n.r&lar &n!.an.e'en.e el &n!+'& ,e a/+a 7 el .ie'5&6 Al.ern Al.ernar! ar!ee en.re en.re l&! 'ie'r 'ie'r&! &! ,el ,el /r+5& /r+5& 5ara 5ara a/i.ar a/i.ar la !&l+ !&l+i%n i%n en el 5r&e 5r&e!& !& ,e !a5&nifiai%n6

. Cuest uest!o !o# #"!o "!o I#!=ue e# =u se !ee#!"# /os ,"+o#es uos e /os ,"+o#es su"-es L&! 4a&ne! !&n !ale! !%,ia! & 5&.8!ia! ,e l&! 8i,&! /ra!&!> !&l+le! en a/+a6 Se farian a  5ar.ir ,e /ra!a! & aei.e! (9+e !&n 'eHla! ,e .riail/lier&le!) .r iail/lier&le!) & ,e !+! 8i,&! /ra!&!> 'e,ian.e .ra. .ra.a' a'ie ien. n.&& &n &n +n 8la 8lali li & a!e a!e f+er f+er.e .e (!4 !6f6)6

C46o se 0oue /" !4/!s!s e /"s 5"s"s e# /os o5"#!s6os -!-os Reai&ne! Reai&ne! ,e l&! /li:ri,&!B La =i,r%li!i! ,e l&! .ri/li:ri,&! !e 5r&,+e 'e,ian.e la e!i!i%n ,el enlae :!.er> :!.er> 7 la f&r'ai%n ,e 8i,&! 7 /lierina6 La =i,r%li!i! enHi'8.ia !e 5r&,+e 5r&,+e en  5re!enia ,e a.aliHa,&re! a.aliHa,&re! i&l%/i&! i&l%/i&! (enHi'a! li5a!a!)6 li5a!a!)6 En l&! ani'ale! ani'ale! !e 5r&,+en en en el e!.%'a/& 7 el in.e!.in& En l&! ;e/e.ale! 7 5lan.e! !+5eri&re! li/nifia,a!> la! enHi'a! li5a!a! .ienen !+ '8i'a a.i;i,a, en el 5r&e!& ,e /er'inai%n ,e la! !e'illa! &lea/in&!a!6

P"" =u se "!!o#" /ouo e so!o e# /" e/"+o"!4# e ,"+4# Sala,& ,el 4a%n (!e5arai%n)6 D+ran.e la !a5&nifiai%n !e aa,e !al a la al,era 5ara 5r&,+ir /r+'&! & /r8n+l&!6 C&'& la !al e! ele.r&li.&> re,+e la !&l+ili,a, ,el 4a%n en la fa!e a+&!a & le4 5&r l& 9+e el 4a%n !e !e5ara ,e la !&l+i%n6 E!.a 5rei5i.ai%n ,el 4a%n !e lla'a !ala,+ra & /ranea,& ,el 4a%n6 A7+,a a !e5arar el 4a%n ,e la /lierina6

Qu es /" /e,2" o e/ ete5e#te El a/+a ,e eniHa & la /e,2" ,e eniHa> .a'i:n lla'a,a /e,2" & ete5e#te (a+n9+e e!.&! .:r'in&! !e a5lian .a'i:n a &.r&! &'5+e!.&!)> e! +na ,i!&l+i%n ,e %i,& ,e 5&.a!i& en a/+a6 La ,en!i,a, ,e5en,e f+n,a'en.al'en.e f+n,a'en.al'en.e ,e la .e'5era.+ra a la +al !e realie e!.a ,i!&l+i%n6

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S6n6 #$*6 Gra!a! 7 aei.e! ;e/e.ale!6 C&n!+l.a,& el #$ ,e ener& ,e #$*16 Di!5&nile enB =..5B/ra!a!272aei.e!2;e/e.ale!6Qen =..5B/ra!a!272aei.e!2;e/e.ale!6Qen&,e6&'6&a5li &,e6&'6&a5liai&ne!!a5&n ai&ne!!a5&nifiai&n ifiai&n e/lan> E6 #$*"6 E=&Q en e!5a&l6 C&n!+l.a,& el #$ ,e ener& ,e #$*16 Di!5&nile enB =..5BQQQ6e=&Qene!5a =..5BQQQ6e=&Qene!5an&l6&'5r&,+e2rea n&l6&'5r&,+e2reai&n2=i,r&li!i!2inf&#0*" i&n2=i,r&li!i!2inf&#0*"" " 6S6F6 6S6F6 Ja&ne! 7 De.er/en.e!6 De.er/en.e!6 C&n!+l.a,& el ## ,e ener& ,el #$*16 Di!5&nile enB =..5Bi&'&,el6+a=6e!'&,el#li54a&n,e.6=.'

1J. A#e