February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics Please Release Me: SAP Purchasing Release Strategies Made Easy ®
By Jocelyn Hayes, SAPtips Director of Consulting and Training Editor’s Note: The words “SAP” and “easy” are rarely used in the same sentence, but SAPtips Practice Director Jocelyn Hayes is ready to prove it can be done. In her debut article she sets out a four-step strategy that is not only practical, but achievable. In fact, Jocelyn has employed this strategy at multiple installations, across a variety of purchasing methodologies with great success. Her secret for success? Jocelyn says it’s all about keeping it simple. Yes, I know, you are skeptical. But Purchasing Release Strategies can be made easy if you understand the fundamental concepts of how to configure them and to follow the KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid). In this article, I will point out some tips and tricks I have learned through implementing Purchase Requisition Release strategies at seven different client locations with very different purchasing approval methodologies. This article will also explore some tricks to managing the constantly changing security roles and assignments due to company reorganizations or attrition. This article is written using SAP R/3 Enterprise (4.7). It is applicable for all SAP R/3 and mySAP® ERP. It does not cover Workflow for Purchasing Release Strategies. For more information on workflow scenarios, reference: http://help.sap.com/saphelp_470/helpdata/ en/1d/ea9d9c7aca11d194b70000e82dec10/ frameset.htm
The Four-Step Process
I will present a four-step process to lead you through the setup and
implementation. Each step offers tips to help you tiptoe through the potential minefield of gotchas. Step 1: Determine the Corporate Purchasing Approval Matrix This can actually represent the most difficult step in any organization. Tip #1 – Encourage purchasing policy makers to keep it simple. The reason here is not to make the implementer’s job easier, but to make it easier for people responsible for entering purchasing requisitions to know who must approve the requisition. I cannot tell you how many times I have agreed to implement a complex release strategy, only to go back later and simplify. Why? Because the user community complained that it was too difficult to figure out who was responsible for holding up their requisition from becoming a Purchase Order. In my experience, most companies base purchasing approvals on Cost Centers. I have implemented pur-
chasing groups to be synonymous with Cost Centers. This allows you to not require the Cost Center on purchase requisitions. Tip #2 – If you require the cost center on the requisition, you do not have to require the G/L account number, but you should, because most users do not know how to select the correct G/L account. If you do not require the G/L Account on the purchase requisition, it is not required on the Purchase Order (without a custom developed user/field exit). If your purchasing agent forgets to add the G/L account, the receiving department will get an error when they try to receive, because SAP does not know how to post the material document. Figure 1 illustrates the example I will follow for this article. I will use two values from which to determine the release strategy: 1. Purchasing group 2. Overall value of purchase requisition
Department
Position
Approval Limits
101
Manager
Up to $10K
101
Director
Up to $50K
101
VP
Up to $100K
101
CFO
Everything over $100K
102
Manager
Up to $5K
102
Director
Up to $50K
102
VP
Up to $200K
102
CFO
Everything over $200K
Figure 1: Approval Matrix Example
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
The Example presented in this article is for an Overall Release procedure. This means that when someone approves the requisition, they are approving the entire requisition, and not each line. This simplifies the action required of the approvers, because they only have to approve once, but it does restrict you from allowing your users to combine purchase requisitions across departments. Step 2: Configuration SAP has published a decent note that includes a pdf document (Note 207490) with steps on how to complete the configuration. Below, we’ll discuss the three components of configuration: (A) Create Characteristics, (B) Create Class, and (C) Define Release Strategy.
• the overall amount of the purchase. These two parameters equate to characteristics. The characteristics must be represented by values entered in the purchasing document. In this scenario, the characteristics will be: • Purchasing Group – to represent the department • Overall value of requisition To determine what parameters are available as characteristics, run transaction SE11 and view table
CEBAN. This table stores what fields are available in the release strategy determination. Figure 2 shows where to correlate the characteristic to the field used for determination from CEBAN. Tip #3 – If the field you want to use for the release strategy does not exist in the CEBAN communication structure, (a custom field, for example) you can use the following user exits: • M06B0003 release
-
For
item-wise
• M06B0005 – For overall release
To start, navigate the IMG (Implementation Guide) using transaction SPRO. Follow the menu path: Materials Management > Purchasing > Purchase Requisition > Release Procedure > Procedure with Classification, then A) Create Characteristics:
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
In Step 1, you probably developed an approval matrix in Excel or on a napkin. Now you need to translate that Release Strategy. What you need to ask is, “what are the parameters that determine the approval person?” In the scenario illustrated in Figure 1, the parameters that determine the approval person are: • the department requesting the purchase
Figure 2: Create Characteristic Additional Data Screen
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
Tip #4 – Notice in Figure 2 how the “Not Ready for Input” box is checked in the Procedure for Value Assignment area. I cannot tell you how many times this has stung me! Make sure you deselect it. Otherwise, it will prevent a value from being assigned to your characteristic and your release strategy will not work! It does serve a purpose, in the case when the value is inferred by object dependencies, but that is only applicable when Characteristics are used in Variant Configuration for configurable make-to-order materials in the Sales and Distribution module. Once you complete the Reference to Table/Field, SAP will import the characteristic formats from the data dictionary (the SAP table/field definition). If you click on the Basic Data tab, you will see the data format and value assignment pulled in from the data dictionary field definitions.
Figure 3: Create Characteristics Basic Data Screen
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
There are many advantages to using one release strategy for multiple departments.
Tip #5 – SAP will carry over default values to the value assignment portion (shown in Figure 3). Make sure you pay close attention to whether it allows intervals (which you will want in the case of a range of values, like value of requisition) and if it allows multiple values (which you will want if you plan to use one release strategy for multiple departments or purchasing groups). There are many advantages to using one release strategy for multiple departments, including ease of configuration and ease of security role setup. B) Create Class Once you have created your characteristics, you must assign the characteristics to a class. On the first
SAPtips.com
screen, make sure you use the Class Type 032, which is the class type for Release Strategy. See Figure 4. C) Define Release Strategy Here we’ll discuss 5 steps for your Release Strategy definition: Release Group, Release Codes, Release Indicators, Release Strategies, and finally we’ll discuss the tie in to Workflow. 1. Create Release Group In this step, you create release groups (Figure 5). A release group will have the same release levels and strategy. In the scenario illustrated back in Figure 1, there will be two release groups needed because the approval interval values are dif-
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1 Figure 4: Create Class – Assign Characteristics
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
ferent between the two departments. If there were a third department that had the same approval interval values, it could share a release group and the release strategy would be for more than one department (or in this example, purchasing group). Tip #6 – You can only have ONE CLASS per release “type”. Release type is defined as “overall release” or “item-wise release”. This can be quite a limitation if you have a complex approval structure. You can have characteristics that are assigned to the class, but not utilized in the release strategy. 2. Create Release Codes A release code is an identifier that is associated with the person responsible for approving
Figure 5: Create Release Groups
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
the purchase requisition (Figure 6). Tip #7 – You can utilize a customer user exit for purchase requisitions, M06B0001, to define the workflow and generate notification and work list objects for the person responsible for the approval. 3. Create Release Indicators A release indicator shows the release status of a purchase requisition. In the standard system, a purchase requisition release status is either “Blocked” or “RFQ/Purchase Order”. The “RFQ/Purchase Order” status indicates that the Purchase Requisition has been fully released and can now be converted into an RFQ or Purchase Order.
Figure 6: Create Release Codes
In the standard system, SAP will not allow changes to the quantity, unit of measure, or price when an approver is executing the release transaction. If you require that other fields, such as delivery date, plant, etc., not be modified via the release transaction, follow TIP #8.
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
Tip #8 – If you want to allow certain fields to be changed during or after a release, you can modify the Field Selection Key. To modify the Field Selection Key, follow the menu path in the IMG: Materials Management > Purchasing > Purchase Requisition > Define Screen Layout at Document level. Once you have created a custom field selection key, you should create a custom release indicator by maintaining a new entry in the “Create Release Indicators” screen. It is also possible to configure the release to not be restarted if the amounts have only changed a specified percentage. To do this, enter “4 - Changeable, new release in case of new strategy or value” and a percentage in the “Value chgs” field, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Change Release Indicator
4. Create Release Strategies A Release Strategy is a combination of the Release Group and Release Code. The Release Group combines the release codes (think of them as release levels) and each combination gets assigned a release strategy.
SAPtips.com
For each release level (or code) you will define the prerequisites required to get to that release level, release status, and the characteristic values that place the release into that release level.
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
I have never experienced a business rule that allowed a higher-level approver to approve a purchase requisition prior to or simultaneously with a lower level approver. In other words, I have not had a client that wanted the purchase requisition release to go to the approval queue of a director at the same time as the same approval request went to the manager. Directors usually wants their manager to approve the expense before they approve it. So, it makes completing the Release Prerequisites screen easy to complete (even though, when you view the screen, it is very confusing). I just check the boxes in the lower left corner, as in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Release Prerequisites
In the classification screen shown in Figure 9, you assign the values or ranges of values to the Release Strategy. Tip #9 – Be sure you have entered the characteristics value assignments correctly. If you have not selected to allow an “interval value” for the “total value of requisition” amount, you will not be able to enter a range in the characteristic value assignment. 5. Workflow: Assign Release Codes to Release Point
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
Note: You only have to perform this step if you wish to link this release procedure to Workflow, and are not using customer exit M06B0001. Here’s a brief description of how Purchase Requisition Release Strategies work in SAP. 1. When the purchase requisition is saved, SAP determines which type of release is required for the document type. In this case, the document type is NB and is flagged in configuration for Overall release.
Figure 9: Release Strategies: Classification
2. Then, SAP determines what class to use for this type of release.
class are associated to the values in the purchase requisition.
3. Once the class is determined, the characteristics assigned to the
4. With the data up to this point, SAP determines which release
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
strategy to invoke and then follow through with any workflow activities.
Step 3: Security
Security can be the most time consuming activity in developing release strategies – particularly if you have used multiple characteristics to define your release strategies and you have multiple release levels. Again lies that recurring theme of “Keep It Simple”. Also, not that you don’t want the job security for your Basis Security Administrators, but you want the change process to not be overly complex, so you can react quickly when there is a major company reorganization. Tip # 10 – For SOx compliance, do not use the * function when defining the roles in security. This will allow some folks to have approval authority when they should not. You should set up a role for each Release Group / Release Strategy combination. For further security, include either in this role or another role, the restriction for other values that you have assigned as characteristics, such as Purchasing Group.
Step 4: Transport Classes and Characteristics
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtips4On Logistics
This is the most overlooked step in the process. The transport you created in Step 3 in your “Gold” SAP Configuration client, does not include the values you associated to the characteristics. They are stored in characteristic value tables that must be moved through your SAP environments via the ALE (Application Link Enabling) function. Tip #11 – Don’t forget to request your ALE with your transport. Figure 10 is a sample spreadsheet of transaction codes, which you can provide to your Basis team.
Object
Transaction
Check (Target)
Message Type Notes (BD64)
Characteristics: PURCHASING_GROUP PR_VALUE
BD91
CT04
CHRMAS
Class: PR_RELEASE Class Type: 032
BD92
CL03
CLSMAS
Class: PR_RELEASE Class Type: 032
BD93
CL03
CLFMAS
Don’t worry about IDOC error message “Object S2L3 (T16FS) not found”
Figure 10: Sample Transaction Codes
Conclusion
In this article I attempted to lay the groundwork and provide some good tips to help beginner SAP Configurators journey down the path to developing a Purchasing Approval solution. Purchase Requisition release strategies have always ranked high on my list of the “tricky” configuration challenges (others include Condition Techniques and Account Assignments for Inventory Management). But, with a little time and commitment, you too can master this skill! Jocelyn Hayes, Director of Consulting and Training for SAPtips, has over ten years of SAP experience. She has enjoyed a successful consulting career for a Big 4 firm as well as independently. Jocelyn’s focus primarily has involved the Logistics modules of SAP, and has she also developed ESA Roadmaps using NetWeaver™ tools, including Visual Composer, XI, Enterprise Portal, and BI. She also led a CRM Business Process Reengineering project. Contact Jocelyn at
[email protected]. ≈
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
February / March 2007 Volume V Issue 1
The information in our publications and on our Website is the copyrighted work of Klee Associates, Inc. and is owned by Klee Associates, Inc. NO WARRANTY: This documentation is delivered as is, and Klee Associates, Inc. makes no warranty as to its accuracy or use. Any use of this documentation is at the risk of the user. Although we make every good faith effort to ensure accuracy, this document may include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors. Klee Associates, Inc. reserves the right to make changes without prior notice. NO AFFILIATION: Klee Associates, Inc. and this publication are not affiliated with or endorsed by SAP AG, SAP AG software referenced on this site is furnished under license agreements between SAP AG and its customers and can be used only within the terms of such agreements. SAP AG and mySAP are registered trademarks of SAP AG. All other product names used herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
≈
SAPtipsJournal
Page
SAPtipsJournal
SAPtips.com
SAPtips © 2007 Klee Associates, Inc.
