SAP Query Tutorial for Beginners

SAP Query Step-by-Step Tutorials • • • • • • • • • • •

What is SAP Query? Purpose and Advantages of SAP Query?

Configuration for SAP Query Create transaction for SAP-Query Creating Ad Hoc query (HCM related infoset query) Developing SAP Query for Task List Data Extraction Transport of SAP Query objects Setting the Expiry date in SAP Query SAP Query for getting hourly background job status Building an SAP Query using ABAP Code

Development of Basic List Query using SAP Query Working with infosets/User Groups/Query in detail

What is SAP Query? Purpose and Advantages of SAP Query? SAP Query is SAP’s tool to define and execute once own reports without knowing ABAP programming language. Let us see the key topics to explore SAP Query. Topic # 1

Topic What is Query? Purpose of Query.

2 3 4

Advantages of Query Infosets/UserGroups/Query in Detail Practical session covering important working models - I Practical session covering important models-II Various Lists and Background Scheduling

In this document we shall cover Topic#1. What is SAP query and why do we need queries? Many times a need arises for SAP Users and Functional Consultants to generate quick reports without getting any ABAP coding done – time taken to complete the coding in development, transport and test it in QA system and then transport to production – is sometimes too long. In such cases, SAP query is a tool provided by SAP for generating these kinds of reports. Purpose

  

The SAP Query application is used to create reports not already contained in the default. It has been designed for users with little or no knowledge of the SAP programming language ABAP. SAP Query offers users a broad range of ways to define reports and create different types of reports such as basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists. These outputs can include lists on screens in table format, ALV grids, downloadable spreadsheets, and downloadable flat files. The internal report generator creates an ABAP program corresponding to the definition of the list.

Features: The SAP Query comprises five components:  Queries  InfoSet Query  Infosets  User Groups  Translation/Query Classic reporting- the creation of lists, statistics and ranked lists- are covered by the InfoSet Query and Queries components. Other components’ range of functions cover the maintenance of Infosets, the administration of user groups and also the translation of texts created in the SAP Query. All data required by a user for a report can be read from various tables. To define a report, you first have to enter individual texts, such as titles, and select the fields and options, which determine the report layout. In the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) mode, you can edit the lists using Drag & Drop and various toolbars. Overview: The following sections describes the individual SAP Query components and provides general information about query areas, transport and authorizations Menu Path

Used For

à SAP Query à Queries

Maintaining Queries

Transaction Code SQ01

à SAP Query à Infosets

Maintaining Infosets

SQ02

à SAP Query à User Groups Maintaining User Groups à Translation à Query

Language Comparison

SQ03 SQ07

Query Components The Queries component is used by end users to maintain queries. You can carry out the following tasks:  Execute Queries and Generate Lists  Define Queries  Change Queries Infosets Components  InfoSets are special views of data sources.  An InfoSet describes which fields of a data source can be reported on in queries.  InfoSets are assigned to user groups.  End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their particular area, as designated by the role or user group that they are assigned to.  Eg: Vendor master data can be important in purchasing as well as in accountancy. The relevant InfoSet is assigned to both roles/user groups. This means that queries based on this InfoSet can be copied and executed by both groups. User Groups Components 1. 2.

3.

The User Groups component is used to maintain user groups. The system administrator uses it to set up the work environment for end-users. Every user assigned to the user group is able to execute the query. Users are not allowed to modify queries from other user groups, although they may, under certain circumstances, copy and execute

Translation/Query Component  A great deal of text is generated when defining queries, InfoSets, and user groups.  The SAP Query displays these texts in the language that you chose when you logged on to the SAP system.  You can compare the text languages using the component Translation/Query. 

A related text in one or more additional languages is made available for each of the texts created when defining the query.

Query Areas A query area contains a set of query objects (queries, InfoSets, and user groups) that are discrete and consistent. There are the following query areas:  Standard area  Global area Standard Area 1.Client specific 2.Query objects are not attached to the Workbench Organizer Advantage :-End users can develop queries (ad-hoc reports) in their own client that are not meant for use in the rest of the system. Global Area 1. Cross client 2. Query objects are attached to workbench organizer Advantage:-The global query area is well suited for centrally developing queries meant for use and distribution throughout the system. Authorizations End-users, system administrators, and translators must all be assigned the appropriate authorizations allowing them to work with the SAP Query. In order to give individual users targeted, specific rights, the following options are available:  Roles/user groups  Authorizations Steps to create a Query Step

Description

TCODE

1

Create a infoset or functional area

SQ02

2

Assignment of user group to infoset

SQ03

3

Creation of query based on infoset

SQ01

Tools for Queries The following are the tools to manage, create and change queries.  Infoset Query  Queries  Quick viewer

SAP Query Step-by-step procedure in configuring SAP Query

SAP R/3 Query tools (SAP Query) are based on the following four main components: • • • •

Query Areas Query Groups InfoSets Administrative Decisions (Company-specific)

Configuration of the Query tools is done in the following manner: • • • •

Create Query Groups Assign Users to Query Groups Create InfoSets Assign each InfoSet to a Query Group.

Create Query Groups •

Go to Transaction SQ03.

•

Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas

•

Select the “Standard Area (Client-specific).

•

Now in the main screen, enter the name of the Query Group in the User Group field and click on

CREATE

•

•

Enter

the

description

of

the

User

Group

in

the

next

popup

that

appears.

User Group ZSAPTECH_GRP is created.

Assign Users to Query Groups •

•

Click

on

the

“Assign

Users

and

InfoSets”

Enter the SAP User-Ids of all the users you wish to include in the test group.

Click on SAVE to save your entries.

button

Create InfoSets •

Go to transaction SQ02

•

Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas

•

Enter

the

name

of

the

InfoSet

you

wish

to

create

and

click

on

CREATE.

•

Enter

the

title

and

the

logical

database

on

the

popup

screen

We have used the LDB F1S (Flight bookings related) for our demo purpose.

that

appears.

•

Change

InfoSet

screen

appears.

•

Expand the tree on the left hand side to view the fields in each table. As seen on the screen, the left side of the screen shows the tables and the fields. The right side displays the field groups.

•

Now we need to assign fields to the field groups. These field groups will display in the SAP Query tool during reporting. Please note that only the fields that are included here will be available for field selection in the SAP Query Tool that uses this infoSet as a data source.

•

Select the field group on the right side and then drag and drop the fields from the left side to this

field group. When all the required fields are added, click on SAVE. •

•

Now generate the InfoSet by clicking on GENERATE.

Attach each InfoSet to a Query Group • •

Go to transaction SQ02 Enter the InfoSet name created above and click on “User Group Assignment” button.

•

Select the query group “ZSAPTECH_GRP” from the above list and click on SAVE.

Create transaction for SAP-Query 1) Open transaction SE93

2) Put object name ,sort text for your transaction 3) Choose radio button 5. Transaction with parameter.

4) Default value for transaction ‘START_REPORT’ 5) In bellow default value section insert default value SREPOVARI-REPORTTYPE = AQ "Parameter indicating Abap Query D_SREPOVARI-REPORT = ZY_CS_ALLSLS "Query User group D_SREPOVARI-EXTDREPORT= ZY_SLS_MST_001 "Query name

6) Save the transaction.

8) Execute the transaction.

Creating Ad Hoc query (HCM related infoset query) The InfoSet Query is a useful tool for maintaining queries within the SAP Query and is suitable for developing queries and for ad-hoc reporting. InfoSet Query is suitable for reporting in all areas of the SAP R/3 system. A special feature is the Human Resources (HR) component. When InfoSet Query is used in HR for ad-hoc reporting, the name Ad-Hoc Query is used instead of InfoSet Query. Ad-Hoc query provides three different kinds of reports: • •

Basic List - Simple reports • Statistics - reports with statistical functions such as Averages, percentages etc Ranked List - for analytical reports

The first step in the process of creating an Ad-Hoc query is to create a Functional Area. Function area provides special views of logical databases. They determine which fields of a logical database can be evaluated in queries. Go to Tcode SQ03.

Select Query areas Menu->Environment->Query areas

Select the radio button ‘Global area’.

Click on ‘Choose’ Create user group Here you specify the users who should be authorized to run the query. A user group is always associated with a Functional Area. - Go to the menu path Environment => User Group or SQ03 à Give a user group name in the screen. Specify the sap logins of the users whom you want to authorize for using the functional area and click on the Create button. Select User group as ‘zdemo_user’ (Create Z user group)

Click on ‘CREATE’ button.

Pass short description click SAVE Go to Environment menu select INFOSET or go for tcode (SQ02)

Create Infoset with Z like ‘zdemo_infoset’

Click on create button

Name as ‘Shortdesc’.. (demo) Select radio button Logical database ‘PNP or PNPC’

Click on Continue button

Open ‘Basic personal data’

Select infotype which u need (like above screen short) Click on continue button

Click on save and Click on generate button (red button) Go back to main screen

Click on ‘Role/User group assignment’ tab

Select assigned table check box with User group which u already created.(zdem_user) Save it and back... Go to tcode for SQ01.. Query ‘zdemo_01’ (Create zname) Click on ‘create’ button

Select ‘infoset’ click on continue....

Pass title as Shortdesc..(demo for pa infotype) Save...... Back....

Click on ‘Infoset Query’ button Select selection screen field and Output fields...(the fields you required as Selection screen fields and the fields you need as Output fields)

Select output check box with right click –select output-only value.. Select fields from which u already given info types

Finally click on save button

Click on continue.... Back... Click on Execute button (F8)..

Click on continue ready for you REPORT

Developing SAP Query for Task List Data Extraction Purpose: To create an SAP query to extract task list data from system. Scope: All task lists pertaining to Production and Planning; Routing (N), Master Recipe (2), Rate Routing (R) Procedure: Follow the procedure step by step: Transaction Code Menu path

SQVI Tools>Utilities>SQVI - QuickViewer

Create new Quick view Write the appropriate name of query

After you click on create button, system will populate the following window, complete the details with right information

Once you have done with above steps you will get “Choose Data Source” screen. Here in the following step you need to connect different tables properly in order to get task list data.

We are starting with MAPL (Assignment of Task Lists to Materials) table. Similarly, we need to take following tables in order to get the appropriate information. PLKO (Task list – header) PLPO (Task list - operation/activity) PLAS (Task list - selection of operations/activities) CRHD (Work Center Header) CRTX (Text for the Work Center or Production Resource/Tool) MARA (General Material Data) MAKT (Material Descriptions)

Between PLPO and CRHD, the default link is with field OBJTY. You need to delete this link and create with PLPO-ARBID and CRHD-OBJID. For this click on ARBID in PLPO table and drag the cursor towards OBJID in CRHD table. Afterwards it should like

After you finish with above activities the screen will look like

Following tables explain the link details between different tables used above: Table 1 MAPL PLNTY PLNNR PLNAL MATNR PLKO PLNTY PLNNR PLNAL PLAS PLNTY PLNNR PLNKN PLPO ARBID CRHD OBJID

Table2 PLKO PLNTY PLNNR PLNAL

Table 3 MARA

MATNR PLAS PLNTY PLNNR PLNAL PLPO PLNTY PLNNR PLNKN CRHD OBJID CRTX OBJID

MARA MATNR

MAKT MATNR

In the following steps, mainly you need to select which fields you want to see in selection screen and which one in output.

Similarly select all those fields from table enlisted which you want to see in Selection and Display screen. For example, you want to see following fields in Selection Screen o o o

Material Plant Task List Type

And following fields in output o o

Material Material Description

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Plant Group Group Counter Task List Description Usage Status From Lot Size UoM To Lot Size UoM Operation/Activity Work center Work center description Operation short Text Operation Base Quantity UoM Standard value1 UoM for Std value1 Standard value2 UoM for Std value2 Standard value3 UoM for Std value3 Setup Group Key Setup Group Category

Note: As per your requirement, you can select/deselect additional fields in Quick viewer: Initial screen

It’s better to arrange Sort Sequence in order to get proper operation number in output for a combination of Group, Group Counter, Material, and Plant.

Check and Save the Query. Now it’s the time to see the result of efforts that you have put in to develop this query. So execute the transaction.

and the Result of your efforts is

Transport of SAP Query objects By Shiva Kumar Tirumalasetty, Deloitte Consulting India Pvt Ltd

ABAP Queries can be transported to different clients by the following two ways: 1.

By using the standard program ‘RSAQR3TR’

2.

By using the transport option available on the application bar in Transactions SQ02 or SQ03.

From Transaction SQ02/SQ03->Environment->Transports:

On the next screen, all the options come up for transporting the queries. The transport action is performed based on the radio button selected on the screen.

The transports are to be made in the following order: 1. 2. 3. 4.

User Group transport Infoset transport Infoset and Query transport Queries transport

The transports are to be made in the specified order. The User Group is to be transported first, followed by the Infoset and then the Queries. By using the standard program ‘RSAQR3TR’: Execute the standard program RSAQR3TR On the next screen, all the options come up for transporting the queries. The transport action is performed based on the radio button selected on the screen.

Once the query is transported or uploaded in the destination system in the method specified above, the same can be used there for displaying the data fetched from the database.

Setting the Expiry date in SAP Query Business Requirement: The client wants to maintain expiry dates to each and every SAP queries that are running in production. The expired query will not be allowed to run in production. Design Logic: 1. Maintain a custom table with two fields – query name and query expiry date. 2. Design a custom function module which will collect the current SAP query name at run time (i.e. during query execution); check the expiry date of that query from the custom table and generate an error message if the query is expired or work as per the code in the infoset if it’s not expired.

3. Put that custom function module in the infosets of all the queries. Keep all the executable codes of the infosets in the ‘ELSE’ part of the sy-subrc check. Explanations: Step 1: Create a Z-table ZQUERY_EXPIRE along with a table maintenance generator.

For more details on user group, infoset and query name, refer to table AQLQCAT.

Step 2: Maintain query names along with their expiry dates in the Z-table ZQUERY_EXPIRE via SM30.

Step 3: Design a custom function module ZQUERY_EXP_CHECK with an exception QUERY_EXPIRED (Query has expired). FUNCTION zquery_exp_check. *"--------------------------------------------------------------*"*"Local Interface: *" EXCEPTIONS *" QUERY_EXPIRED *"--------------------------------------------------------------TABLES: zquery_expire. CONSTANTS: c_fill TYPE c VALUE '='. DATA: v_sycprog LIKE sy-cprog, v_user_grp1(30) TYPE c, v_user_grp2(14) TYPE c, v_query_name1(14) TYPE c, v_rest(14) TYPE c, v_query_name TYPE aqs_quname. TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_query, qnum TYPE aqs_quname, exp_date TYPE datum, END OF ty_query. DATA: wa_query TYPE ty_query, i_query TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_query INITIAL SIZE 0. v_sycprog = sy-cprog. v_user_grp1 = v_sycprog+4(26). v_user_grp2 = v_user_grp1+12(14). SPLIT v_user_grp2 AT c_fill INTO v_query_name1 v_rest. v_query_name = v_query_name1. SELECT qnum exp_date FROM zquery_expire INTO TABLE i_query WHERE qnum EQ v_query_name. LOOP AT i_query INTO wa_query. * If the query expires, generate the error message IF wa_query-exp_date LT sy-datum. MESSAGE e000(zbasis_msg) RAISING query_expired. * If the expiary date is today or yet to come, don't do anything ELSE. MESSAGE i002(zbasis_msg). ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDFUNCTION.

Step 4: Call this custom function module from the START-OF-SELECTION code sections of all the infosets of the queries that are maintained in the custom table ZQUERY_EXPIRE. Here we’ve added the following code in all the infosets of the 3 queries maintained in the custom table. CALL FUNCTION 'ZQUERY_EXP_CHECK' EXCEPTIONS query_expired = 1 OTHERS = 2. IF sy-subrc 0. MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE. WRITE: /5 'Hello1'. ENDIF. Test: Suppose today’s date is 20/03/2009. The expiry date of the query BEJ_QRY_TEST1 was 18.03.2009 (as maintained in the Z-table). The expiry date of the query QRY_TEST3 is today (20/03/2009). Scenario 1: Execute the query BEJ_QRY_TEST1 (expiry date is less than the current date) from SQ01.

Execute; the following error message will be generated.

Scenario 2: Execute the query QRY_TEST3 (expiry date is equal to the current date) from SQ01.

Execute; the actual code of the infoset will be executed.

SAP Query for getting hourly background job status This SAP query is designed to get the hourly background job status updates, which are running in production. Step 1: Create user group. a. Using t-code SQ03, create one user group ZPROD_BEJ (Jayanta Bej's

b. Assign user ids to this user group.

User Group).

Step 2: Create infoset. a. Using t-code SQ02, create one infoset BATCH_JOBLIST_REPORT with the direct read from the table TBTCO and including key field only.

b. Add two selection criterion S_JOBNAM (Job Name) & S_STRTDT (Start Date) and one parameter P_ENDTIM (Time) in the Selections tab.

Details:

Details: S_STRTDT.

Details: P_ENDTIM.

S_JOBNAM.

c. Go to Code tab. In the DATA section, write the following code: DATA : FLAG(1), FLAG1(1), FLAG2(1), status(15). DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO occurs 0, JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME, SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT, SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM, ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME, STATUS type TBTCO-STATUS. DATA: end of gt_TBTCO. DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO1 occurs 0, JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME, SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT, SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM, ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME, stat(15). DATA: end of gt_TBTCO1. DATA: begin of gt_TBTCO2 occurs 0, JOBNAME type TBTCO-JOBNAME, SDLSTRTDT type TBTCO-SDLSTRTDT, SDLSTRTTM type TBTCO-SDLSTRTTM, ENDTIME type TBTCO-ENDTIME, stat(15). DATA: end of gt_TBTCO2. DATA : gt_tbtco3 like gt_tbtco occurs 0 with header line. DATA : gt_tbtco4 like gt_tbtco occurs 0 with header line. d. In the START-OF-SELECTION section, write the following code: select JOBNAME SDLSTRTDT SDLSTRTTM ENDTIME STATUS from TBTCO into corresponding fields of table gt_tbtco3 where jobname in s_jobnam and status = 'P'. refresh gt_tbtco[].

clear gt_tbtco[]. select JOBNAME SDLSTRTDT SDLSTRTTM ENDTIME STATUS from TBTCO into corresponding fields of table gt_tbtco where jobname in s_jobnam and SDLSTRTDT in s_strtdt. check sy-subrc = 0. sort gt_tbtco by JOBNAME SDLSTRTTM. gt_tbtco4[] = gt_tbtco[]. delete gt_tbtco where ENDTIME < P_ENDTIM and ( status = 'F' or status = 'A' ). sort gt_tbtco by JOBNAME SDLSTRTTM. Loop at gt_tbtco. at new jobname. flag = 'X'. endat. if flag = 'X'. MOVE-CORRESPONDING gt_tbtco to gt_tbtco1. if gt_tbtco-status = 'F' . if ( gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM le P_ENDTIM ) . gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Active'. append gt_tbtco1. clear gt_tbtco1. else. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'. append gt_tbtco1. clear gt_tbtco1. endif. elseif gt_tbtco-status = 'F' and gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM ge P_ENDTIM. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Cancelled'. append gt_tbtco1. clear gt_tbtco1. else. status = gt_tbtco-status. case status. when 'R'. if ( gt_tbtco-SDLSTRTTM le P_ENDTIM ) . gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Active'. else. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'. endif. when 'Z'. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Suspended'. when 'A'. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Cancelled'. when 'P'. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Scheduled'. when 'S'. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'. when 'Y'. gt_tbtco1-stat = 'Released'. endcase. append gt_tbtco1.

clear gt_tbtco1. endif. endif. CLEAR FLAG. clear status. endloop. sort gt_tbtco1 by jobname. sort gt_tbtco3 by jobname. Loop at s_jobnam. read table gt_tbtco1 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low. if sy-subrc = 0. flag1 = 'X'. move-corresponding gt_tbtco1 to gt_tbtco2. append gt_tbtco2. clear gt_tbtco2. else. read table gt_tbtco3 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low. if sy-subrc = 0. flag2 = 'X'. move-corresponding gt_tbtco3 to gt_tbtco2. gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Scheduled'. append gt_tbtco2. clear gt_tbtco2. else. read table gt_tbtco4 with key jobname = s_jobnam-low. if sy-subrc = 0. flag2 = 'X'. move-corresponding gt_tbtco4 to gt_tbtco2. if gt_tbtco4-status = 'F'. gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Finished'. else. gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Canceled'. endif. append gt_tbtco2. clear gt_tbtco2. endif. endif. endif. if flag1 'X' and flag2 'X'. gt_tbtco2-jobname = s_jobnam-low. gt_tbtco2-stat = 'Not Scheduled'. append gt_tbtco2. clear gt_tbtco2. endif. clear : flag1,flag2. endloop. if not gt_tbtco2[] is Initial. * Display List of Cases to be Cancelled CALL FUNCTION 'RS_COMPLEX_OBJECT_EDIT' EXPORTING object_name = 'RESULTS' changing object = GT_TBTCO2[] EXCEPTIONS OBJECT_NOT_SUPPORTED = 1 OTHERS = 2. endif.

EXIT. Generate the infoset and then attach it to the user group ZPROD_BEJ. Step 3: Create the query. Using t-code SQ01, create one query BATCH_JOBLIST for the infoset BATCH_JOBLIST_REPORT. Step 4: Execute the query from SQ01 with proper variant for the list of background jobs whose hourly status needs to be found out.

Select the variant. Suppose we want to find out the background status at 2 PM for the below list of jobs: PROC_CHGPNTRS_ENERGYCARE PROCESS_CP_ACTIVITY PROCESS_CP_CONTACT PROCESS_CP_CONTRACT PROCESS_CP_SALESORDER PROCESS_IDOC_IN_ACTIVITY PROCESS_IDOC_IN_ADDRSYNCH PROCESS_IDOC_IN_BPCAMERGE PROCESS_IDOC_IN_OAMUPDATE PROCESS_IDOC_IN_PARTNRUPD PROCESS_IDOC_IN_PREPAY PROCESS_IDOC_IN_SALESORDR PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_ACTIVITIES PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_AQSND0055 PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_CONTACTS PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_CONTRACT PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_OBJSD0064 PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_SOSTATUS PROCESS_CP_FILES PROCESS_IDOC_OUT_FILES SWWERRE SWEQSRV SWWDHEX ZUBC_DELETE_WORKITEMS ZZ_IDOC_DISPATCH Z_APP_LOG_DEL_DAILY ZUBC_DELETE_IDOCS EMMA_AUTOPROC_SB61

ZUUBI_REPLACEMENT_BILLING_01 ZUBC_DELETE_APP_LOGS SAP_ARCH_RETHIST SAP_ARCH_PAYLOTS SAP_ARCH_RETLOTS SAP_APURG_MDR1 Put all these job names in the select option for job name. In the variant, the date should be equal to current date and time should be current time and should be done as follows:

Now selecting the variant JOBLIST (JOB LIST STATUS), execute the query.

Now we execute the query. The following report will be displayed.

This is the status update of all the listed background jobs for the hour 14 i.e. 2 PM.

Building an SAP Query using ABAP Code There are 4 different ways to write SAP queries – depending on the approach of data retrieval strategy:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Using table join Directly reading from tables Using logical databases (LDB) e.g. PNP Using some programs

Here in this document, we’ll demonstrate building SAP query using 2nd method (Direct read of table). 1. Create InfoSet by using t-code SQ02:

2. Press ‘Create’ button.

Press enter.

Press enter. 3. Press ‘Code’.

3. Select the ‘DATA’ coding section.

4. Write the following code in this section. TYPE-POOLS: slis. TABLES: scarr. * Type for taking data from tables SFLIGHT and SCARR TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_flight, carrid TYPE s_carr_id, connid TYPE s_conn_id, fldate TYPE s_date, seatsmax TYPE s_seatsmax, seatsocc TYPE s_seatsocc, carrname TYPE s_carrname, currcode TYPE s_currcode, END OF ty_flight. * Internal table and work area declaration DATA: wa_flight TYPE ty_flight, i_flight TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_flight INITIAL SIZE 0, i_fldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv, wa_fldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.

5. Now go to START-OF-SELECTION section

And write the following code in START-OF-SELECTION section to display a few field data in ALV grid display report format. * Retrieve data from tables SFLIGHT and SCARR SELECT m1~carrid m1~connid m1~fldate m1~seatsmax m1~seatsocc m2~carrname m2~currcode INTO TABLE i_flight FROM sflight AS m1 INNER JOIN scarr AS m2 ON m1~carrid = m2~carrid. CLEAR: wa_flight. * Populate the field catalogs wa_fldcat-col_pos = 1.

wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CARRID'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Airline carrier ID'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 2. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CONNID'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Flight connection Id'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 3. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'FLDATE'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Flight date'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 4. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'SEATSMAX'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Maximum capacity'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 5. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'SEATSOCC'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Occupied seats'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 6. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CARRNAME'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Airline name'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. wa_fldcat-col_pos = 7. wa_fldcat-fieldname = 'CURRCODE'. wa_fldcat-seltext_l = 'Local currency of airline'. APPEND wa_fldcat TO i_fldcat. CLEAR: wa_fldcat. * ALV grid display report CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING it_fieldcat = i_fldcat TABLES t_outtab = i_flight EXCEPTIONS program_error = 1 OTHERS = 2. IF sy-subrc 0. MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ENDIF. EXIT. 6.

Generate the InfoSet.

7.

Now create a user group.

8.

Now assign the user group ZUGRP_BEJ to the InfoSet ZINFOSET_BEJ. I’ve assigned two users in my user group.

Save it.

9.

Now create the query.

10. Now execute the query from SQ01.

The following selection screen will appear where we need to put the flight date.

Enter the flight date as 11.06.2008 and execute the query; we’ll get the following ALV grid display report.

SAP Query Step-by-step procedure in creating a simple list using SAP Query

1. Go to Transaction SQ01. 2. The title bar shows you the query group you are currently in.

3. Ensure that you are in the correct SAP Query area by navigating to Environment à Query Areas

4.

In the field “Query”, enter the name of the query you want to create and press CREATE.

5. The InfoSets of the user group ZSAPTECH_GRP is displayed.

6. Select the InfoSet ZSAPTECH_IS and click ENTER. 7.

Enter

the

title

and

any

other

notes

that

are

required.

Click on “Next screen” button as shown in the above screenshot.

8. All the field groups available with the InfoSet are listed above. We can select the field groups that need to be listed in the report.

9. Click on Next screen. 10. All the fields in the selected Field groups appear in this screen. We can select any particular fields we would like to have in our report.

11. Click on Next screen. 12. In this screen, we can select the fields to appear on the selection screen during execution of the report.

13. Click on the “Basic List” button to create a SAP Basic list query.

14. For each field, specify the line number and sequence number as you would like to appear on the report. You can also use this screen to indicate sort order, totals and counts (as necessary).

As shown above, the line structure would display the appearance of fields on the selection-screen. 15. Click on SAVE. 16. Click on EXECUTE button to execute the report. As it is seen on normal reports, here also the selection-screen appears.

Working with Infosets, User Groups, Query in detail In this document we shall cover Topic#2. For topic#1, click here. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.saptechnical.com/Tutorials/SAPQuery/Part2/Page1.15.gif" MERGEFORMATINET

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Infosets Components  InfoSets are special views of data sources.

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 An InfoSet describes which fields of a data source can be reported on in queries.  InfoSets are assigned to user groups.  End-users are able to work only with those InfoSets that are relevant to their particular area, as designated by the role or user group that they are assigned to.  Eg: Vendor master data can be important in purchasing as well as in accountancy. The relevant InfoSet is assigned to both roles/user groups. This means that queries based on this InfoSet can be copied and executed by both groups. Creating and changing Infosets

Creating Infosets – Prerequisites Assign Data sources Infoset Display/Change Definition of field groups Obtaining additional information Creating Selections Further Codes Application Specific Enhancements Creating Infosets – Prerequisites The following questions help in meeting the prerequisites of creating an infoset.  Which data source corresponds to the requirements? For example: Material reports in Materials Management Document reports in Financial Accounting  Which fields do you need to include in the InfoSet?  Do you need additional information which is not available in the data source? (This means you are going to have to connect additional tables and the definitions of additional fields.)  Do you need parameters and selection criteria? (Parameters and selection criteria appear on the selection screens of queries that are created using the InfoSet).  Do you need to include any particular measures such as access protection?

 Do you need to be able to change the long texts and headers for the selected fields? Assign Data sources 1. 2. 3.

Name Authorization group: This means that only users authorized to execute programs from this authorization group are able to execute these queries. Use Tcode: AUTH_DISPLAY_OBJECTS Choose Data Source:

 Table join using a table: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data from more than one database tables having relationships.  Reading tables directly: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data from one table. 

Logical databases: Is used when Query is prepared for retrieving data based on a Logical database (LDB)

4.

Using programs to retrieve data: Here a program can be written with own logic. Declaration in data section of the program will help the query to select the elements of data to be retrieved from database. As per the logic, data is validated, processed. The selection screen can be prepared in Query and data is retrieved for output.

 Sequential datasets 4.

Options

 No Automatic Text Recognition  Fixed Point Arithmetic Display/Change Infoset  The InfoSet display allows you to examine or change the structure of the InfoSet.  Assigning additional tables  Creating additional fields  Creating additional Structures  Extras  Selections  Further Code  Application Specific Enhancements

Definition of field groups  A field group combines related fields together into a meaningful unit.  Fields must be assigned to a field group before they can be used in queries.  Include all table fields  Include key fields  Create empty field groups Note: Logical Database having more than 4 structures has different way of creating field groups.Eg: PNP User Groups Components  The User Groups component is used to maintain user groups. The system administrator uses it to set up the work environment for end-users.  Every user assigned to the user group is able to execute the query. 

Users are not allowed to modify queries from other user groups, although they may, under certain circumstances, copy and execute

1.Creating infosets or functional areas 

Tcode-SQ02

2. To create user groups and assign to infosets  Tcode-SQ03

3. To create a query  Tcode-SQ01

Steps to create selection criteria to the query  Tcode-SQ01