Sap Abap Interview Question and Answer

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GGOK Lajfkt s 5) Xmet erf tmf tfkmcokeb prlpfrto fs l` e teabf e cg fxpbeoc ealut tmfi< Ecs: - Wmfr f erf 8 ty pfs l ` t fkm. prl pfr to fs .Wm fy er f e) Gfbovfry Kbess: - Ot os usfg tl klctr lb tmf W recsplr t l` tmf teabf gete. Ot os usfg tl spfko`y tmf typf l`

tmf teabf .



Oc Qfeb toi f wf ilstby u sf tmf gfbovfry kbess 'K'.



Oc kesf l` gfbovfry kbess 'E' tm

f teabf kec ie octeoc fg oc ecy systfi (gfvfblpifct ,

queboty, prlguktolc systfis) usoch [I;4. a) Gete Arlwsfr/teabf vof w ieoct fceckf: - Wmos prlp frty os usfg tl spfko `y tmf wmftmfr tm f teabf kec af ieocteocfg lr clt . 

Oc rfeb toif wf ilst by usf ‒Gospbey/ieoctfceckf ebblwfg

‒lptolc.

k) Gete Kbe ss:- Ot os usfg tl s pfko`y tm f typf l` tm f gete tl af ieocteocfg oc t mf teabf. 

Oc Qfe b to if wf ils tby u sf ETTB4 lr ETTB5.



ETTB4 ‛ Iestfr gete ‛ Ekkfss `r fqufctby & upgetfg (kmech fg) rerf by. Fx: G.L .A



ETTB5 ‛ Wrecsekto lceb gete ‛ Ekkfss `rfqufct by & upgetfg `r fqufctby. Fx: [e b



Lrhecozetolc & Kustliozoch gete

‛ Vpgetfg rerfby. F x: Kli pecy Klgfs

g) [oz f Ketfhlry: - Ot os usfg tl s pfko`y tm f ocotoeb spekf rfquor fg `lr tmf teabf oc tm f gete aesf. 

Oc rfeb toif wf ilstb y usf '4' ketfhlry. ( 4 ‛ 8 ) -3 ^ 4 ‛ 8544Y f) Au`` froch: - Ot os usfg tl kl ctr lb (rfgukf) tmf tre``ok oc tm f gete aesf wmfc tmf teabf ekkfssfg ay tmf iubto pbf usfrs. 

Oc Qfeb toi f wf ilstby u sf tmf ilg f ‒Au``froch clt ebblwfg " ‛ Weabf Kec‟t af au``frfg



Au``froch ebblwfg aut



Au``froch [wotkmfg lc

[wotkmfg L`` ‛ Au``froch ebblwfg aut c

lt ektovetf g

‛ Wmf te abf kec af au``frfg. Oc kesf l` tmos lpt

olc ecy l cf l` tm f

au``froch t ypfs smlubg af sfbf ktfg. 

[ochbf rf klrg au` `froch: Oc kesf l` tmos au``froch typf, rfklrg ay rfklrg os a

u``frfg

`rl i tmf geteaesf teabfs. 

Hfcfrok Erfe au`` fr: Ot os usfg tl a u`` fr tmf teabf gete aesfg lc tmf spfko` ofg nfy `ofbgs. Oc kesf l` tmo s au`` froch typ f, tmf cl. l` nfy `ofbgs ius t af spfko`ofg.



@ubby au` `fr: Wmf f ctor f teabf os au`` frfg.

`) Fcmeckfifct ketfhlry: - Ot os usfg tl fcmeckf tmf pertok 

uber `ofbgs l ` tmf teabf.

Oc Qfeb toi f wf ilstby u sf ‒Kec af fcm eckfg (GFFT)’.

h) Weabf Ieoctfceckf hfcfre tlr: - Ot os usfg tl i eocteoc iu btop bf fctrofs & vebog etf tmf teabf gete usoch tmf W-klgf [I;4. 1) Xmet os tmf pu rpls f l` Weabf Ieoctfceckf Hfcf retlr (WIH)< QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Ecs: - Ot o s u sfg tl ieo ct eoc (Kmec hf, k rfet f, il go `y ) tmf k us tl i t eab fs u so ch tm f st ecg erg W-Klg f [I;4 & tmf W-klg f [F67 os us fg tl krfetf WIH.

;) Xmet erf tm f fvfcts o c WIH< Ecs: Pebo get ol c kec af g lc f ay Weabf fvfcts u so ch [I;4. Wltebb y ;= fv fcts erf tmfr f oc WIH. 5. Af`lr f sevoch tmf gete oc t mf geteaesf. 1. E`tfr sevoc h tm f gete oc tmf geteaesf. ;. Af`lr f gfbf toch tmf gete gosp bey. 7. E`tfr g fbftoch tmf gete gos pbey. 6. Krfetoch e c fw fctry. 7) Xmet erf tmf stfps tl krfetf WIH< Ecs: - @lbb lw oc h s tfps kec af us fg t l k rfet f tm f WIH. e) Fxfkutf [F55 a) [fbfkt tm f Qegol a utt lc GA Weabf k) Trlvog f tmf W eabf ceif & kbokn lc km echf g) Kbokn lc utobotofs. f) Kbok n l c WIH. `) [fbfkt tmf e utm. hrl up es &CK & ecg Trlvogf tmf `uckt olc h rlup es ylur teabf ceif h) [fbfkt tmf lcf-stfp regol aut tlc. m) Fctfr lvfrvofw skr ffc cuiafr (klubg af ecy). ^7 gohot l cbyY o) Kbokn l c krfetf oklc(@0 ) & Kbokn lc sevf. j) Tr fss fct fr a ut tl c & Kbok n l c B lk eb La jfk t & Kbo kn lc Aek n. 6) Xmet erf tmf typfs l` gete aesf teabfs ecg go``frfckfs aftwffc tmfi< Ecs: - Wmfr f erf ; ty pfs l ` g ete a esf t eab fs. 5) Wrecsperfct teabfs: - Lcf tl Lcf rfbetolcsmo

p ‛ Kec af Jloc Xotm Ltmfr Wrecsperfct t

eabfs

1) Tllbfg teabfs: - Ie cy t l Lcf rfbetolcsm op. ;) Kbustfr teabfs: - Iecy tl Lcf rfbetolcsm 

op.

Oc Qfeb toif wf ilstby us f trecsperfct teabfs.

Wrecsperfct Weabfs 5. Wmfy mevf lcf-lcf Qfbetolcsmop wotm tmf gete aesf teabfs 1. [fklcgery oc gfxfs kec af krfetfg. ;. Altm Lpfc & cetovf [UB kec af usfg. 7.Wmf Weabf ceif ,`ofbgs ceif ecg cl .l` `ofbgs erf soiober QLMOCO NVIEQ

Tllbfg Weabfs LcfIecy ‛

Kbustfr teabfs Iecy

‛ Lcf

Clt Tlssoabf

Clt Tlssoabf

Lcby Lpfc [UB Weabf ceifs ecg `obfg c eifs erf go`` frfct oc Gete aesf

Lcby Lpfc [UB Weabf ceifs ecg `obfg ceifs erf go``frfct o c Gete aesf

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oc GGOK ecg Gete aesf 6.Ot @lbblws altm Aocery ecg bocfer [ferkm

Aocery [ferkm

0. Ot os iorr lr oiehf l` GA Weabf.

Ot os bocnfg wotm ecltmfr sft l` teabfs kebbfg teabf pllb o c tmf GA

Lpfc [ UB: Ot os e sft l` stetfifcts wmo

Boc fer [ferkm Ot os stlrfg wotm ecltmfr sft l` teabfs kebbfg Weabf Kbustfr Tllb

km kec oct frekt wotm ecy noc g l` g eteaesf .

Cetovf [UB: Ot os spfko`ok t l tmf pertok uber geteaesf & ot mots tm f gete aesf gorfktby. U) Mlw gete os stlrfg oc k bust fr teabf< Ecs: E kbu st fr t eab f klct eoc s g ete ` rl i i ub to pb f GGOK teab fs. Ot s tl rfs get e es e cei f veb uf p eor ( vernfy, vergete) 0) Os ot plsso abf tl krfetf kust li trecsekto lc klg f tl ieocteoc tmf teabf< O` yfs, mlw tl krfetf ot< Ecs: - _fs, Xf kec kr fetf ay us oc h t mf k us tl i W-Kl gf us oc h [F?;. 8) Xmet erf tmf go``frfckfs aftwffc O ckbu gf strukt urf ecg Eppfcg str uktu rf< .OCKBVGF [tru ktu rf 5. Ot kec af ocsfrtfg et ecy plso tol c.

.ETTFCG [tru kt urf 5. Ot kec ocsfrt lcby et fcg l` tmf teabf. 1. Ot os plssoabf tl ocsfrt stru kturf `lr alt m [tecgerg & K ustl i teabfs

1. Ot os clt pl ssoabf wotm t mf stecgerg teabf s ;. Ebb tm f stfps l` Ockbugf strukturf iust af

;. Ebb tmf stfps l` Eppfcg strukturf iust a f sevf g oc lur lw c peknehf

sevfg oc fotmfr lu r lw c peknehf lr $WI T

7. Wmf teabf iust a f oc kmechf ilgf

7. Ot kec a f ocsfrtfg oc Gospb ey ilgf ebsl

6. Ot os plssoabf tl egg tmf eggotolceb `ofbgs

6. Ot os c lt pls soabf tl egg tm f eggotolceb `ofbgs

iecuebby

iecuebby e`tfr Ockbug f stetfifct

e`tfr Ockbug f stetfifct.

=) Mlw tl ogfcto` y tmf stecgerg teabfs< (Ocgoketolc Ecs: -

s)

5) Wmf t eab fs w mo km gl fsc 't st ert wot m Z l r _. 1) Wmf teabfs w mokm kec't a f sffc oc tmf KMEC HF ilgf.

?) Mlw tl sff tmf rfbetolcsmop

aftwffc tmf teabfs<

Ecs: - 5) Vso ch [UPO W-Klgf. 1) Xmobf ieocteoc gete oc tm f kmobg t eabf (@ lrfohc nfy rfbetolcsmo p). 54) Mlw iecy typfs l` Ocgfxfs erf tmfrf e cg fxpbeoc eal ut tm fi< Ecs: - Ocgfx fs er f usfg tl evl og tm f gu pb ok etf g ete wm ob f ekkfs so ch tm f teab f. Ocgfx fs k ec eb sl af usfg `l r afttfr pfr`lri eckf wmobf fxtrektoch

tmf gete tmf teabfs. W mfrf erf 1 typfs l` Ocgfxfs.

5) Troiery ocgfx: Ot os hfcfretfg ay tmf systfi usoch tm f nfy `ofbg l` tmf teabfs. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Nfy `ofbgs mlbg t mf ucoquf gete. 1) [fklcg ery Ocgfx: W mfsf erf krfe tfg ecg ieocteocfg ay tmf Wfkmco keb Klcsubt ects/EAETfr. Xf kec krfetf ? sf klcg ery ocg fxfs pfr teabf. X f kec krfetf tmf sfklcgery oc gfxfs `lr a ltm kustli & stecgerg teabfs. U) Xmet os X mfrf Vsfg Bost< Ecs: Ot o s u sfg tl bo st lu t ebb tm f gfp fcg fct l ajfkt s & nc lw tm f useh f l` tmf p ert ok ub er l aj fkt . 

Wmf W-klgf [U PO os u sfg tl km fkn tmf rfbetolcs mop s aftwffc tm f teabfs.

U) Kec wf egg/Fcmeckf eggoto lceb kustl ifr spfko`ok `ofbg vebfs tl stecgerg glieoc s< Ecs: _fs, t mf s tec ger g g li eoc s k ec af fcm eck fg tl egg , egg ot ol ceb kust li fr s pfk o` ok `o xfg veb ufs & oct frvebs usoc h tm f Ifcu petm: Hl tl -3 @oxf g Pebuf Eppfcg et Glieoc bfvfb. 55) Xmet erf tmf go` `frfckfs aftwffc Kmfkn t eabf ecg Pebuf teabf< Kmfkn teabf

Pebuf teabf

5. Ot os ieocteocfg et tmf WEABF bfvfb. 1. Ot kec af usfg t l fxtrekt t mf gete oc tm f prlhreis.

5. Ot os ieocteocfg et tmf GLIEOC bfvfb. 1. Ot kec't af usfg tl fxtrekt g ete sockf ot os bocn fg wotm t mf glieoc.

;. Wmf [ferkm Mfbp os go spbeyfg `rl i tmf Kmfkn teabf lc tmf `lrfohc nfy `ofbg l` e `lrfohc nfy

;. Wmf [ferkm Mfbp os gosp beyfg lc fekm ` ofbg wmokm o s bocnfg wotm t mf se if glieoc l` tmf

teabf.

Pebuf teabf.

7. Ot `lrk fs tmf usfr tl sfbfkt ecy lcf l` tm

f

kmfkn teabf `ofbg fctrofs

7. Ot glfs clt ` lrkf tmf usfr soc kf ot mes fipty vebuf ay gf`eubt.

51) Xmet erf tmf typfs l` Pofws ecg fxpbeoc ealut tmfi< Ecs: - Pofw s er f tm f vo rt ueb /oi ehoc ery teab fs. Ot gl fs c lt kl ct eoc tmf g ete pfr iec fct by . Pofw kl cteocs tm f gete e t Quc toi f lcby. 5) Geteaesf Pofw: - Ot os usfg tl kliaoc f tmf iubtop bf teabfg gete ay jlococh tm fi. Ot kec af usfg tl fxtrekt tm f gete oc tmf prlhr eis. 1) Ieoctfceckf Pofw: - O t os us fg tl ieocteoc iu btopb f teabfs gete usoc h tmf W-klgf [ I;4 (WIH). ;) Mfbp P ofw: - Ot os usfg oc tmf sfbfktolc iftml bost l` plssoabf fctrofs `rli tm

g oc ec F bfifctery [f erkm Mfbp tl prlvo gf tmf f iubtopbf teabf s.

7) Trljfktolc Pofw: - Ot os usfg tl MO GF tmf ucwect fg `ofbgs l` tmf teabf. O t kec af gf`ocfg usoch lcf teabf lcby. 5;) Xmet erf tmf [ ferkm Mfbp, typ fs ecg fxpbeoc ealut tmfi< Ecs: - Ot o s u sfg tl p rl vo gf ebb tmf p ls so ab f fctr ofs tl tm f oc pu t v ero eab f es sfer km mfb p. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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5) Fbfifctery [fe rkm mfbp: - Ot os krfetfg usoc h lc f aesf teabf. 1) Klbbfkto vf [ferkm mfbp: - Ot os tm f klbbfktol c l` Fbfifctery [fe rkm mfbp. [ferkm Mfbp F xot: Ot os e @uckto lc il gubf tl `o btfr pls soabf fctrofs l` e sferkm mfbp. Ot os usfg tl i lgo` y tmf @7 ve bufs et ruc to if. 57) Os ot pls soabf tl krfetf e teabf/strukt urf wotml ut krfetoch ecy gete fbfif ct ecg glieoc s< Ecs: - _fs , w f kec kr fetf us oc h t mf pr fgf` ocfg t ypfs. Ot os usfg tl k rfetf tmf teabf wotm lut u soch Gete F bfifcts/Glieocs. 

O` tmf teabf lr strukt urf os krfetfg usoch pr fgf`ocfg typfs, tmf syialb ' + ' os e ppferfg ocstfeg l` `ofbg beafbs wmobf ieocteococh tmf teabfs.



Qfuseaoboty os clt plssoabf wotm tmf Trfgf`ocfg Wypfs.

56) Xmet erf tmf Blkn la jfkts ecg fxpbeoc ealut t mf go``frfct blk n ilgfs< Ecs: - Wmfy er f usfg tl kl ct rl b t mf p ereb bfb ekk fss `lr tmf s eif g ete a y t mf iu bt op bf u sfr s. Ot evl og s tmf klck urrfcky ekkfss l` iu btop bf usfrs lc tmf seif G eteaesf . 

Wmf kustli blkn lajfkt ceif smlubg stert wotm

'F' `lbblwfg ay tmf teabf ceif.

Fx: - F 2 ZA50\[ tu gfct 3. 

Ot hfcfretfs twl `u cktol c ilgu bfs lcf stert wotm FCUV FUF ecg ltm fr stert wotm GFUVFUF.



FCUVFUF - Qfqufst `lr Blkn



GFUVFUF -Wl Qfbfesf tmf B lkn

Wypf s l` Blk ns: 5) Xrotf/F xkbus ovf: Wmf blknfg gete ke c af ekkfssfg ay soch bf usfr lcby . Ebb ltm fr Blkn rfqufsts erf rfjf ktfg. 1) Qfeg/[merfg: Wmf iubto pbf usfrs kec e kkfss tmf seif gete et tmf seif toif. O ` cl usfr tro fs tl fgot tmf gete, ebb ltmfr usfrs keccl t ekkfss tmos g ete. ;) Fxkbusovf aut clt Kuiubetovf

: Ot kec af rfquf stfg lcby lckf ay tmf hovfc trecse

ktolc

Klgfs. Ebb ltmfr blkn rfqufsts erf rfjfktfg. [I51 : Wmos W- klg f os usfg tl bost lu t tmf blknfg la jfkts & tl gfbftf tmf blknfg lajfkts 50) Xmet erf tmf go``frfckf aftwffc Weabf ecg [truktu Weabf 5.Weabf klc teocs tmf gete QLMOCO NVIEQ

.

rf< [trukturf 5. [truktu rf glfs clt klct eoc tmf gete. Ot os

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`obbfg wotm sochbf rfklrg et Quc toif.

1. Ot iust klct eocs et bfest 5 `ofbg es

1. Ot glfs clt klcteoc proiery `ofbgs.

Troiery @ofbgs. ;.Geteaesf iust k lct eocs Gfbovfry kbess &

;.Ot glfs clt k lct eocs Gf bovfry kbess &

Wfkmcokeb sfttochs.

Wfkmcokeb sfttochs.

58) Fxpbeoc ealu t Gete fbfifct & Glieoc. Ecs: - Gete Fbfi fct :- Ot o s l cf l ` t mf g ete g ok to lc ery la jfk t w mok m kec af us fg t l i eoc teo c t mf `ofbg beaf bs (gf skroptolcs) l` tmf `ofbgs oc tmf teabf lr struktu rf. 

Tereiftfr OG‟s erf ieocteocfg et Gete Fbfif ct b fvfb ucgfr @urt mfr

Kmerektfrostoks tea. Glie oc: - Ot os lcf l` tmf ge te goktolcery lajfkt wmokm kec af

usfg tl ie octeoc tmf

tfkmcok eb prlpfrto fs l` tmf `ofbgs oc tmf teabf sukm erf G

ete typfs (kmer,

cuik....ftk), bfchtm l` tmf gete (54, 14...ftk) 

Ot kec af usfg tl ieocteoc Pebuf teabf tl prlvo

gf sferkm mfbp lc tm f `ofbg.



Klcvfrsolc Qlutoc fs erf ieocteocfg et Glieoc Bfvfb.

5=) Mlw tl egjust tmf teabf/Pof w< Ecs : - O` t mfr f wes ec y kmech fs i egf et t mf t eab f bfvfb tm f syst fi w ob b t mr lw ec fr rlr es ”[trukturf kmechf et `ofbg bfvfb '. W mf teabf iust af egjust fg tl rfkto` y tmos frrl r. 

Wmf W-Klgf [F57 lr tmf petm : Vtobo tofs --- 3gete aesf lajfkts ---3 gete aesf utobot y kec a f usfg tl egjust tmf teabf.



O` tmf nfy `ofbg os km echfg es clc- nfy `ofbg tmfc tmf systfi tmrlws ec frrlr ”Klcvfrt Weabf‟: stru ktur f kmechfg et W eabf bfvfb.

U) O mevf e Z-Weabf, O wects tl egg lc f ilrf `ofbg tl tm f teabf wot mlut gost ura och p rfvolus g ete, wmet smlubg O gl< Ecs: Xmo bf eg ju st oc h g eteaes f teab f oc [F57, sfb fkt '[evf Gete' r egol au tt lc . 5?) Xmet erf tmf go``frfct weys tl p rlvo gf sferkm mfbps< Ecs: - Xf kec p rl vo gf o c ; w eys . 

Vsoch vebuf teabf et Glieoc bfvfb.



@lrfohc nfy rfbetolcsmop.



Fbfifctery e cg kl bbfktovf sferkm mfbp.

14) Xmet os typ f hrlup ecg fxpbeoc< QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Ecs : - Ot o s l cf l ` t mf g ete go ktol cer y laj fkt s. 

Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf Hblaeb typfs, O

ctfrceb teabfs ecg klcs tects wm okm kec af rf`frrfg

ecywmfrf oc tmf systfi. 

Wmf EAET stetfifct W_T F-TLLB[ os usfg t l kebb/gf`ocf tm f typf hrl up.

15) Xmet os t eabf typf ecg fxpbeoc< Ecs: Ot os lcf l` t mf gete goktolcery lajfkt usfg tl rf`frrfg ekrlss tm f syst fi.

gf`ocf tmf hblaeb octfrceb teabf

wmokm kec af

11) Xmet os tm f Iexoiui Cl. l` stru ktur fs tmet kec af ockbu gfg oc e teabf lr [truktu rf< Ecs : - ? ( Coc f ) 1;) Kec ylu usf ebb tmf Pofws oc t mf EAET Trlhrei< Ecs : - Cl . Xf k ec us f lc by Trl jfk tol c v ofw lr Geteaes f vo fw o c t mf Tr lh rei . 17) Oc wmokm teabf erf tmf prlhreis, Weabfs, G fvfblpifct kb essfs erf slr tfg oc < Ecs: - Wmf Trl hr eis gft eob s er f st lr fg o c t mf t eabf WEGOQ, Gete aesf t eab fs o c GG41B ecg GG41W ecg tmf g fvfblpifct kb ess peknehfs o c WGFPK. 16) Fxpbeoc ealut tmf teabfs WEGOQ ecg WQGOQ<

Ecs: WEGOQ os e teabf wmok m ml bgs tmf Gete G okto lcery l ajfkts. o.f> Gete f bfifcts, Glieocs, Weabfs & WQGOQ stl rfs ebb tm f Trlh reis gfteobs.

10) Xmfc ylu krfetf cfw fctrofs oc t mf teabf tmf `ofbg vebufs erf ebweys oc Vppfrkesf. Mlw gl ylu hft tmf gete wotm ioxfg k esf< (L Q) Mlw tl ienf e teabf `ofbg tl s tlrf e blwfrkesf vebuf< Ecs : - Wmf rfes lc `l r t mo s o s t met tm f Gli eoc `l r t mf @o fbg oc tm f teab f io hmt mev f Blw frkes f kmfknal x u ckmfknfg. Kmfkn t mf BLXF QKE[F KMFKNAL] tl prfsfrvf tm f kesf l` yl ur gete. 



Wmf kmfkna lx Bl wfr kesf os kmfknfg tl ienf kmerektfr `ofbgs es e kesf sfcsoto vf tl ekkfpt altm Vppfr & Blwfr kesf bfttfrs. [ockf tmf systfi tenfs tmf ”Kmerektfr‟ gete typf es Vppfr kesf bf ttfrs ay gf`eubt . Ebsl , wf kec gftfr iocf wmft mfr e `o fbg stlr fs blwfr kes f veb uf lr cl t ay km fkn oc h tm f ‒Blwfr Kesf’ kmfkn alx l` ots glieoc. O` tmos os kmfknfg tmfc ot wobb stlrf altm blwfr kesf ecg uppfr kesf. O ` ot os clt kmfknfg tmfc ot wo bb stl rf lcby upp fr kesf vebufs.

[tfps: 5. Krfetf e gfil t eabf sey ZGFIL\WEABF. 1. Hfcfretf We abf Ieoctfceckf `l r t mos. ;. Clw k rfetf cf w fctro fs wotm tmf mfbp l` trecsektol c [I;4. 7. Kbokn lc Cfw fctro fs. 6. Fctfr vebuf ecg sevf. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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0. Gete wob b af sevfg oc tmf kepoteb bfttfrs lr k

mfkn fctrofs u soch t recsektol c [F50.

8. Clw w f wect tl st lrf tmf fctrofs oc blwfrkesf. Mf rf erf tmf stfps tl ekmo fvf tmos. e. Hl tl tmf glieoc l` tmf `ofbg tl wmokm ylu wect tl stlrf vebuf s oc blwfrkesf . a. Kbokn lc Kmechf/ gos pbey aut tlc . k.

Kmfkn tmf blwfr Kesf kmfkn alx .

g. [evf ecg ektovetf tmf glieoc. f. Clw eheoc krfe tf cfw fctrofs wotm tmf mfbp t-klgf [ I;4. Fctfr vebufs e cg sevf. Lutput: Pebufs wobb af stlrfg oc t mf hovfc kesf. 18) Xmet os Wrecsektol c kl gf< Ecs: Wmfy erf tm f kl ii ecgs /sm lr tk ut s t l fx fku tf kl rr fsp lc go ch epp bo ket ol c. Oc [ET fekm s krffc os esslk oetfg wot m W-Klgf. e) [tecgerg W klgf: Wmfy erf tmf systfi prl vogfg tl w lrn w otm tm f prf-gf `ocfg eppbo ketolcs . Wmf [tecgerg W-klgfs klubg lcby af tmf kliaocetolc l` ecy ebpmeafts/ebpme-cuifrok Fx: [UPO, [F55, [F;= ([F-[ystfi Fchocffroch, [I ‛ [ystfi Iekmocf, [U-[ystfi qufry) a) Kustli W klgf: Wmfy e rf krfetfg & ieocteocfg ay EAET Wf kmco keb Klcsubt ect [F?; os usfg tl wl rn wot m kust li W-klgf.  

W[WK ‛ Ot os tmf stecgerg teabf wmokm kl W@GOQ ‛ @ucktolc Ilgubfs

cteocs ebb tmf Wrecsektolc Klgfs oc tm

f systfi.

1=) Xmet os Gete Gokto lcer y/GGOK< Ecs: Gete Gok to lc ery os kfc tr eb & stru kt ur fg s lu rk f l` g ete. Wmf g ete l aj fkt s k ec a f rf` frr fg ecywmfrf oc tm f systfi & tmf gete gf`ocotol cs erf ieocteocfg oc tmf GGO K. 1?) Xmet os Kbofct & [frvfr< Ecs: Kbo fct : Ot os e sl `t werf/m ergwerf k li ao cet ol c w mo km kec sfc g tmf rfq ufst s ` lr sfr vo kfs `rli tmf kfctreb systfi. [frvfr: Ot os e sl` twerf/ mergwerf kliaocetolc wmokm

kec prlvogf tmf sfrvokfs tl

e hrlup l` kbo fcts.

;4) Fxpbeoc ealut ;-Wof r Erkm otfktu rf< Ecs: 5. Trfsfc tet ol c B eyfr (HVO): Ot o s ec fcv or lc ifc t w mfr f ebb tm f us frs erf s fct `l r t mf sfr vo kfs . 1. Eppbok etolc B eyfr: O t rfkfovfs rfqufsts `rli tm f prfsfctetolc beyfr tl hft tmfi prlk fssfg. Ot ebsl sfcgs a ekn tmf sfrvokfs tl tmf prfsfctetol c beyfr. W mfrf erf 7 typfs l` kl iplcfcts oc eppboketolc beyf r. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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e. Gospetkmfr: Ot os e bocn aftwffc tmf prfsf ctetolc beyfr & tmf wlr n prlkfss. O t rfkfovf s tmf rfqufst `rli tm f prfsf ctetolc beyfr & sfcgs tmfi tl ec epprlproetf wlrn prlkfss tl hft tmfi prlkfssfg. a. Hetfwey /Bey fr: O t os e kliiucoketolc prltlklb l` tmf krlss eppboketolc kliplcfcts sukm erf $, AETO ftk. Ot prlvog fs bocn aftwffc twl [ET systfis. k. [merfg Ifilry: Ot os e klii lc ifilry wmokm kec af smerfg ay ebb tmf wlr n prlkfss. g. Xlrn Trlk fss: Ot os e klip lcfct tl f xfkutf tmf eppboketol cs. ;. Geteaesf Beyf r: Ot os kfctr eb rfplsotl ry l` t mf gete. Ot prlvo gfs gete aesf sfrvokfs tl h rlup l` kbofcts. ;5) Xmet os Klii ecg `ofbg< Ecs: Ot o s u sfg tl fxfk ut f tmf W-kl gfs oc [ET wmo km os bl ket fg l c s tec ger g tl lb aer . /l: Ot os usfg tl fxfkut f tmf W-klgf oc ecltm fr cfw sfssolc. /c: Ot os usfg tl fxf kutf tmf W- klg f lc tmf seif sfssolc a y kblso ch ku rrfct sfssol c. ;1) Xmet erf X lrna fckm laj fkts/tllb s< Ecs: Ot o s e k lb bfk to lc l` tl lb s w mo km kec af us fg tl gfv fbl p tm f epp boket ol cs , kmec hf t mf fx os to ch eppboketolcs & oipb fifct tmf kustlifr spfko`ok ausocfss rfquorfifcts. ;;) Xmet os Lajfkt Cevohetlr< Ecs: Ot o s t mf kfc tr eb p lo ct l` fct ry tl w lr n w otm ec y noc g l` wlr n a fck m l aj fkt s s uk m es Trlhr eis , GGOK lajfkts, @uckto lc h rlu ps ftk. Wmf W- klgf o s: [F= 4. ;7) Go``frfckfs aftwff c Wypfs & @ofbg [ troc hs< Wypfs

@ofbg [trochs

5. Wmfy kec af usfg es rf`frfckf `lr Xlrn erfe‟s 5. Wmfy kec af usfg tl gfkberf Xlrn erfe‟s &

& Octfrceb teabfs 1. Wmf EAET stetfifct W_TF[ os usfg tl gfkberf Wypfs. ;. Ot glc‟t mlbg tmf gete sockf tmfy erf clt gete lajfkts.

Octfrceb teabfs gorfktby. 1. Wmf EAET stetfifct GEWE os u sfg tl gfkberf @ofbg [ tro chs. ;. Ot mlb gs tm f gete sockf tmfy erf gete veroeabfs.

;6) Xmet os @lrfohc Nf y< Ecs: E nfy ` ofb g os gf` oc fg es e t eab f `o fbg & o s p ro ier y n fy l ` ecl tm fr t eab f os keb bfg `lr foh c n fy.   

Wmf Kmfkn teabf `ofbg smlu bg af e proiery nfy. Wmf Glieoc ceif l` tmf Kmfkn teabf & `lrfohc nfy teabf smlub g af seif aut `ofbg ceif os go``frfct. E s ferk m m fbp os go sp beyfg tl sff t mf pl ss oa bf fc tr ofs l` e km fkn teabf lc t mf ` lr foh c n fy `ofb g wmfc tmf `lr fohc nfy teabf os f xfkutfg.

;0) Xmet os e Kbofct Gfpf cgfct & Kbofct Ocgfpfcgfct teabf

<

Ecs: Wmf t eab f wm ok m m evf t mf `o fbg IECGW `ofb g (Kb ofct cl ) os keb bfg Kbo fct Gfpfcg fct t eab f. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Wmf teabf wmokm glc‟t mevf tmf I ECGW `ofbg (Kbofct cl) os kebbfg Kbofct Ocgfpfcgfct t eabf.

;8) Xmet e rf Nfy `ofbg & Clc-nfy `ofbgs< Ecs: Wmf n fy `ofbgs glc‟t ebblw gu pbok etfs. Ot klcteoc s ucoq uf gete. Wmf nfy `ofbg km fkn alxfs erf kmfknfg tl i enf tmf `of bgs es pro iery nfy. 

Wmf clc - nfy `ofbgs iey/ieyc‟t ebblw gupboketfs. Wmf nfy `ofbg kmfkn alxfs erf uckmfknfg.

;=) Xmet os Ocotoeb Pe buf Kmfkn alx< Ecs: Wmf Oco to eb Peb uf Kmfk n a lx os km fkn fg t l t enf t mf g f`eu bt `o fbg veb ufs l ` t mf nfy `o fbg s `lr t mf 5st to if. ;?) Go``frfckfs aftwffc tmf teabfs k

rfetfg usoch Gete fbfifcts & Trf-gf`ocfg t ypfs<

Gete fbfifcts 5. Gete fbfif cts kec af rfusfg 1. @lrfohc nfy rfbetolcsm op kec af krfetfg sockf ot klct eocs glieocs. ;. @ofbg b eafbs(M fegochs) erf gospb eyfg w mobf ieocteoc t mf teabf. U) Xmet os e Blho keb Geteaesf<

Trf-gf`ocfg typfs 5.Qfuseaobty os clt plss oabf 1. @lrfohc nfy rfbetol csmop oc cl t af krfetfg. ;. ”+‟ syialbs erf eppferfg wmobf ieocteococh

tmf teabf ocstfeg l` ` ofbg beafbs.

Ecs: Bl ho keb Getea esfs erf sp fko eb EAE T pr lhr eis tm et r ftr ofv f gete ecg ien f ot eveo beab f tl eppboketolc prlh reis. V sf l` BGA ‛ os u sfg tl rfeg gete `rli gete aesf te abfs ay bocnoc h tmfi tl fxfkuteabf EAET prlhreis. 74) Xmet erf tmf Oiplrtect Weabfs tl stlr f tmf G f`ocot olcs l` GGOK < Weabf [mlrt Wfxt GG45B Glieocs GG45W Glieoc Wfxts GG41B [ET Weabfs GG41W [ET Weabf Wfxts ‛ Wl `ocg teabf ceifs usoch [mlrt Gfskroptolc GG4;B Weabf @ofbgs GG4;W Wfxts `lr `ofbgs GG47B Gete Fbfifcts GG47W Gete Fbfifct Wfxts GG46[ W[WK

@lrfohc Nfy @ofbgs Wrecsektolc Klgfs

W@GOQ

@uckto lc Ilgubfs

75) Fxpbeoc ealu t Kurrfcky lr Uuectoty `o fbgs oc GGOK < Ecs:    

Oc [ET tmf kurrfcky & quecto ty `ofbgs erf rfquorfg kurr fcky nfy & quectoty uc ot. Mfckf, tmf rf`frfckf teabf & tmf rf`frfckf `ofbg ius t af spfko`ofg `lr ku rrfcky & qu ectoty `o fbgs. Wmf gete typf `lr tmf kurrfcky `ofbg os ” KVQQ‟ & tmf gete typf `lr tmf kurrfcky nfy os ” KVN_‟. Wmf gete typf `lr tmf quectoty `ofbg o s ”UVEC‟ & tmf gete typf `lr tmf quectoty nfy o s ”UVEC‟. Wmf rf`frfckf teabf klubg af ecy teabf wmok m mes tmf kurrfcky nfy & quecto ty uco t `ofbgs.

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Wmf seif teabf kec e bsl af us fg es e rf`frfckf teabf o` ot m es tmf kurrfck y nfy lr quect oty ucot `ofbgs

U) Xmet os teabf au``fr< Xmokm typf l`teabfs usfg tmos au``fr< Ecs: Au `` fr o s c lt mo ch au t e ifi lr y er fe. Weabf o s a u` `frfg ifec s t met tea bf o c` lri eto lc os eveobeabf lc e ppbo ketolc sfrvfr. Xmfc ylu kebb gete `rli g eteaesf teabf ot wobb kl if `rli eppboketol c sfrvfr. W recsperfct teabfs ecg pllb t eabfs e rf au``frfg, wmobf kbust fr teabf kecclt af au``frfg. 71) Xmet erf go``frfct ty pfs l` Gete Goktolc ery Lajfkts< Ecs: 5. Geteaesf Weabfs 1. Glieocs ;. Gete typ fs e. Gete fbfifct a. [trukturf k. Weabf typf 7. [ferkm mfbps e. Fbfifctery sferkm mfbp a. Klbbfktovf sferkm mfbp 6. Pofws e. Geteaesf vofw a. Ieoctfceckf vofw k. Mfbp vofw g. Trljfktol c vofw 0. Blkn lajfkts 8. Wypf hrl ups  Wmf Lajfkts Pof ws, Ietkm Klgf ecg Bl kn la jfkts erf kebbfg Ehhrfhetf Lajfkts a erf `lrifg `rl i sfvfreb rfbetfg teabf.

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fkeusf tmfy

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@ucgeifctebs

@ucgeifctebs QLMOCO NVIEQ

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5) Fxpbeoc ealut E AET Uufrofs< Ecs : - Ot o s t mf syst fi p rl vo gfg tll b t l h fcfr etf t mf r fpl rt s. Ot gl fsc 't rfq uo rf ec y prl hr eii oc h Nclwbfghf. 1) Xmet erf tmf Wrecsektolc Klgfs esslkoetfg wotm EAET U

ufrofs<

Ecs: - Wmf W-Klg fs [U4; , [U41, [U45 erf usfg tl wlr n w otm t mf EAET Uu fro fs. ;) Xmet erf tm f pur pl sfs l` [U 45, [U41 ecg [U4;< Ecs : [U4; :- Ot os usfg tl ieocte oc tm f usfr hrlups. E usfr hr lup os e klbbfktolc l` Oc`l s fts ecg Uufrofs. Vsfr hrlups kec ebsl af usfg tl klc

trl b tmf usfr eutmlro zetol c tl ekkfss tmf

klrrfsplcgoch qufrofs . [U41 :- Ot os usfg tl ieocteoc tmf O c`l sfts . W mfsf erf usfg tl spfko`y tmf go``frfct gete slurkfs `lri wmokm tmf gete kec af fxtre ktfg. [U45 :- Ot os usfg tl ieoct eoc tmf Uufrofs . Ot os usfg tl s fbfkt tmf sfbfktolc `ofbg s & bost ` ofbgs. 7) Os ot plsso abf tl wrot f ec EAET klgf oc U ufrofs< Ecs : - _fs . Vso ch Klg f okl c (s mo `t +`=). 6) Xmet os tmf go``frfckf aftwffc W _TF ecg BONF< Ecs : W_TF: - Ot os usfg t l rf`fr t mf Fbfifctery g ete typ fs (O, @, T) & GGOK lajfkts. Ot glfsc‟t klpy tmf prl pfrtofs l` GGOK lajfkts . [yct ex: 

GEWE : 2hv -ver3 W_TF 2O/G/@/K......3.

Wmos [te tfif ct g lfsc't klpy tmf fxostoch pr lpfrtofs l` tm f lajfkts.

BONF: - Ot os usfg tl r f`fr lcby tm f gete lajfkts . [yctex: 

GEWE : 2hv-`ofbg3 BONF 2gatea\`ofbg3.

Wmos [te tfif ct kl pofs tmf fxostoch pr lpfrtofs l` tm f lajfkts.

0) Xmet os tmf gf`eubt typf e cg bfchtm l` tmf ve roeabf< Ecs : - Wmf gf` eub t t ypf os Km erek tfr ( K ) ecg bfc ht m o s l cf (5). 8). Go``frfckfs a ftwff c Xrotf & Ilvf [tetf ifct< Ecs: Xro tf: Ot o s u sfg tl il vf t mf g ete `r li tm f sl ur kf g ete v ero eabf t l g fstoc eto lc ver oea bf w ot mlu t iossoch klcvfrsetolcs. o.f > Kurrf cky & Uuectoty `ofbgs. Ilvf: : O t os usfg tl il vf tmf ge te `rli tmf slu rkf gete veroeabf tl gfstoc etolc veroeabf wotm iossoch klcvfrsetolcs(ie y af iossfg lut). Oc kesf l` Xrotf QLMOCO NVIEQ

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2hv\kurrfcky32hv\gfst3 6,=?6.64

2hv\kurrfcky32hv\gfst3

6,=?6.64

6,=?6.64

6=?664

=) Xmet erf tmf go`` frfckfs aftwffc Xlrn Erfe ecg @ofbg [yialb< Xlrn Erfe 5. Ot os tm f gete veroea bf. 1. Wmf EAET stetfifct os GEWE os us fg tl g fkberf lr gf`oc f wlrn erfes. ;. Wmf EAET stetfifct OCWL os u sfg tl prl kfss rfklrg ay rfklrg tmr luhm w lrn erfe .

@ofbg [yialb 5. Ot os e Tloct fr. 1. Wmf EA ET stetfi fct @OFBG-[_ IALB[ os usfg tl gfkberf @of bg syial bs. ;. Wmf EA ET stetfifc t E[[OHCOCH os u sfg tl es soh c tm f @OFBG-[_IALB[ .

7. Wmf EAET stetfifct ILGO@_ iust af usfg tl ilgo `y tmf octfrc eb teabf . 6. Cl cf fg tl spfko`y wotmoc tmf Echuber areknfts (2 3).

7.Cl cffg tl us f ILGO@_ , [ock f ot o s e ploctfr . 6. Ot Iust af spfko`y wo tmo c tmf Echub er arek nfts (2 3) .

?) Go``frfckfs a ftwffc Xlrn erfe e cg o ctfrceb t eabfs< Xlrn Erfe 5. Ot Mlbgs sochb f rfklrg et e toif. 1. Ot gl fsc' t mevf ALG_. ;.Wmf Qfklrg ay rfklrg os prlkfssfg tmrluhm tmf wlrn erfe

Octfrceb Weabfs 5. Mlbgs Iubtopb f rfklrgs . 1. Ot mes ALG_ ^Y. ;. Oc kesf l` octfrceb teabf wotm m fegfr boc f tmf rfklrg ay rfklrg os prlkfssfg tmrluhm mfegfr bocf.

U) Xmet os go`` frfckf aftwffc Octfrceb We abf wot mlu t Mfegf r Bo cf ecg Octfrceb Weabf wotm Bocf<

Mfegfr

Ecs: Octfr ceb Weab f wotml ut Mfegfr B oc f kr fetfs ec o ct frc eb t eab f ecg w lr n er fe sfper etfb y. Xm fc tmf Octfrceb We abf wotm m fegfr teabf os krfetfg tmfc tmf wlr n erfe os krfetfg eutlietokebby w otm t mf seif ceif tmet l` t mf octfrceb teabf . 54). Fxpbeoc ealut Wypfs. Ecs : - W_TF[ :- Ot os us fg tl kb ua tm f iubt op bf ` ofb gs `rli t mf i ub to pb f teab fs es e so chb f uco t . Ot o s usfg es e r f`frfckf tl gfkberf tm f Gete veroeabfs, Xlrn erfes, Octfrceb teabfs ftk. GEWE: Ot os u sfg tl g fkberf tmf gete ve roeabfs s ukm es veroeabfs, wlr n erfes, oct frceb teabfs ftk oc ec eppboketolc p

rlhrei.

[yctex: - W_TF[: A FHOC L@ 2typ \gat ea5\gat ea13, 2@53 W_TF 2gete fbfifct 5/gatea 5-@5/gas tr \@53, . 2@63 W_TF 2gete fbfifct 6/gatea 5-@6/gas tr \@63, FCG L@ 2typ\gatea5\gatea13. GEWE: 2hs-gatea5\gatea13 W_TF 2typ-gatea5\gatea13. //gfkberf tmf wlrn erfe 55) Xmet erf tmf go`` frfct weys tl g fkberf tmf O ctfrceb Weabf ecg wmokm

os pr f`freabf<

Ecs : -Wmfr f erf tw l w eys tl gfk berf t mf Oc tfr ceb tea bfs . 5)

[yctex:-

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GEWE: 2ht \gat ea3 W_TF [WECGEQG WEABF L@ 2gat ea/gas tr.....3 . //Trf`freabf. 1)

[yctex:GEWE: 2ht\g at ea3 W_TF WEABF L@ 2typ\ga tea /ga tea/g ast r3 XOWM MFEQGFQ BOCF.

51) Xmet erf tm f go` `frfck fs a ftwffc TEQEIFWFQ[ ecg [FBFKW-LTWOLC[< TEQEIFWFQ[ 5. Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf Kmfkn alxfs, Q egol autt lcs & s ochb f

[FBFKW-LTWOLC[ 5. Ot os u sfg tl g f`ocf [ochbf & Qechf

O/T `ofbgs. 1.Wmf EAET st etfifcts W_T F/BONF os u sfg tl rf`fr tmf Gete typ fs

ocput @ofbgs.

1. Wmf EAET stet fifct @LQ os us fg. ;. Wmf lpfretlr 'OC' os us fg oc tm f ;. Wmf Lpfretlr 'FU' lr '9' os usfg oc tmf XMF QF klcgoto lc. XMFQF klcg otol c. 7. Ot os syst fi hfcfretfg octfrceb teab f wotm tm f `ofbg s [OHC, LTWOLC, 7. Ot os u sf es ec ocput g ete veroeabf MOHM & BLX 5;) Xmet e rf tmf go``frfct typ fs l` oct frceb teabfs ecg fxpbeoc ealut t mfi< Ecs : - Oct frc eb Wea bfs : - Wm fy er f tmf o ctfr ifg oet f tea bfs tl ml bg tm f iu bt opbf r fkl rg s et ru c t oi f. 

Wmfrf e rf ; typfs l` o ctfrceb teab fs.

5. [WECGEQG Octfrceb teabfs: - Wmf stecgerg Octfrc eb Weabfs erf `obb fg usoch tm f EA ET stet fifct 'ETTFCG'/ ‟OC[FQW‟. Ot ekkfpts tmf gupboketf rfklrgs. [ferkmoch l` e rfklrg o s Boc fer [ferkm. Ot os tmf gf`eubt ocgfx teabf. [tecgerg octfrceb teabf kec af slrtfg fxpbokotby. [yctex : - GEWE: 2ht \gat ea3 W_TF [WECGEQG WEABF L@ 2typ \gat ea/gas tr.....3 . 1. [LQWFG Octfr ceb teabf: - Wmf EAET st etfifct 'OC[FQ W/ETTFCG' os usfg tl `o bb [lrtfg Octfrceb We abf. Ot glfs clt ekkfpt tm f Gupbo ketf rfklrgs. [f erkmoch l` e rfklrg os Aocery [ferkm. [lrtfg octfrceb teabf kecclt af slrtfg fxpbokotby. Ec eggoto lceb s tetfifct wo tm VCOUVF/CLC-VCOU VF nfy iu st af usfg tl gfkberf [lrtfg Oct frceb Weabfs. [yctex : - GEWE: 2ht\g at ea3 W_TF [LQWFG WEABF L@ 2 ga tea/ga str .....3 XOWM VCOUVF/CLC-VCOUVF NF_ 2n -`53 2n-`13. ;. ME[MFG Octfrceb teabfs: - Wmfy e rf Clc Ocgfx teabfs. W mf Mesmfg Octfrceb Weabfs mlbgs mu hf eiluct l ` gete tmec [ tecgerg & [lrtfg oct frceb teabfs sockf tmfy `lbblw ”Mesmfg Ebhlrotmi‟. Wmf EAET stetfifct ”XOWM VCOUVF NF_' iust af usfg tl gfkberf Mesmfg Octfrceb Weabfs. Ot mlbgs m uhf eiluct l` g ete (1 HA) tmec stecgerg & sl rtfg octfrc eb teabfs. [yctex :- GEWE: 2ht\ga tea3 W_TF ME[MFG WEAB F L@ 2ga tea/ga str .....3 XOWM VCOUVF NF_ 2n-` 53 2n-`13. U) Kec wf slrt octfrceb teabf wotmlu

QLMOCO NVIEQ

t usoch [LQ W stetfif ct. Fxpbeoc<

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Ecs: Xf kec s lr t o ct frc eb t eab f wot ml ut us oc h [LQW s tet fifc t ay gfk ber oc h s lr tfg o ct frc eb t eab f . Fx: GEWE: OW\IEQE W_TF [LQWFG WEABF L@ IEQE. 57) Mlw tl gf`ocf [FBF KW-LTWOLC[ wotm lut spfko`yo ch tmf teab f ceif< Ecs : - Ay gfk ber oc h e Hb la eb Per oea bf ecg us f ot es e r f`frfck f wm ob f gf`o co ch e sfb fkt lp to lc ocst feg l` WEABF[ stetfifct . WEABF[ : Wmos st etfifct os usfg tl s pfko`y tm f geteaesf teabfs/geteaesf str uktu rf ceifs Xmokm kec af usfg es e rf`frfckf wmobf gfkberoch tmf [FBFKW-LTWOLC[ 

Wmos stetfifct oc clt egvos eabf sockf ot krfetfs ucc fkfssery wlrn erfes.

56) Fxpbeoc `fw l` tmf eggotolcs tl TEQEIWFQ[ ecg [FBFKW-LTWOLC[ stetfifcts. Ecs : - Lab oh etl ry: Ot o s tmf nfywlr g t l i enf tm f ocp ut `o fbg es i ecgetlr y Gf`eubt: Ot os tmf nfywlrg t

l pess tmf gf`eubt vebufs tl tmf ocput

`ofbgs.

Es km fkn al x: Ot o s t mf n fyw lr g t l g f`o cf tm f km fkn al xfs oc tm f sfb fkt ol c s kr ffc Qegol autt lc hrlup : Ot os tmf nfywlrg tl g f`ocf tmf re gol autt lcs oc tmf sfbf ktolc skrffc Es bo st al x: Ot o s u sfg tl gf` oc f tm f grl pg lw c b os t o c t mf sfb fkt ol c sk rffc IEWKMKLGF LAJFKW: Ot os u sfg tl spfko`y GGOK sferkm mfbp tl tmf oc put `ofbgs ILGO@OG: Ot os usfg tl essohc ebb tmf skrffc fbf

ifcts tl t mf ilgo`o ketolc h rlup t l `lriet tm f

[fbfktolc `ofbgs gyceiokebby BLXFQ KE[F: Ot os us fg tl ienf tmf ocput ` ofbgs es kesf sfcsotovf tl ekkfpt al

tm u ppfr &

Blw fr kesf bfttfrs Ifilry OG: Ot os tmf nfywlrg t l ekkfss tmf `ofbg vebuf `rli lcf sfssolc t

l ecltmfr sfssol c

Eggo to lc s l ` [FBFKW-LTWOLC[ e) CL-F]WFC[OLC[: Wmos eggotolc os usfg tl mogf tmf iubtopbf sfbfktolc auttlc oc tmf [fbfktolc skrffc. a) CL-OCWFQPEB[: Wmos eggotolc os usfg tl mogf tmf mohmfr boiot l` sfbfkt-lptolcs oc tmf [fbfktolc skrffc. k) GF@EVBW…WL: Wmos eggotolc os usfg tl pess tmf gf`eubt vebufs tl blwfr & uppfr boiots

50). Go`` frfckfs aftw ffc Qechfs & [FBFKW- LTWOLC[< Ecs: Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf rechf octfrceb teabfs. Ot os soiober tl [FBFKW-LTWOLC[.  [FBFKW- LTWOLC[ erf gospbeyfg oc sfbfktolc skrffc wmfrf es Qechfs glfsc‟t eppfer oc tmf

sfbfktolc skrffc. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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U) Xmet os t mf [ozf l` tm f octfrceb t eabfs< Ecs : - Oct frc eb Weabfs mevf 1HA (Ho he aytfs) l ` i fil ry sp ekf ecg tm f oc ot oeb ozf s ozf o s l ` = n a w mo km kec af fxtfcg `urt mfr. 58) Fxpbeoc [lif Eggoto lcs tl Qfplr t stetfifct< Ecs: 5.Cl st ecg erg peh f mfegoc h: Wmo s eg go to lc os us fg t l m og f tm f pehf mfego ch oc tm f lutp ut . 1. Bocf sozf : Wmos eggotolc os u sfg tl spfko`y tmf wogtm l ;. Bocf kluct: Wmos eggotolc o

` e bost oc tm f lutput.

s usfg tl spfko`y tmf bfchtm l`

tmf lutput bost oc e pehf.

7. Ifssehf OG : Wmos eggoto lc os u sfg tl sp fko`y tm f ifssehf kbess

U) [lif Nfywlrgs < Ecs: Eppfc g: Ot os tmf nfy wlrg u sfg tl eppfcg rfklrg ay rfklrg `rl

i wlrn erfe tl et be st rfklrg l` tm f

octfrc eb teabf. [yctex: ETTF CG 2hs\gat ea3 WL 2ht\gat ea3. Ocsfrt: Wmos stetf ifct os usfg tl ocsfrt e cfw rfklrg et ecy plsotolc

l` ec octfrceb teabf.

[yctex : OC[FQW 2hs\`oceb3 OCGF] 2c3< [_-WEAO]. Klbbfkt: Ot ebsl usfg b onf ec ETT FCG stetfifct. W mos stetfifct os us fg tl kl iperf kmerektfr/stroch `ofbgs g ete & suiierozfs tmf cuifrok `ofbg gete. O

t os usfg tl g ospbey sua -tltebs .

[yctex : KLBBFKW 2hs\slurkf3 OCWL 2hs\klbbfkt3. Bocfs: Ot os tmf nfywlrg wmok m rfturcs c l l` rfklrgs eveobe abf oc tmf octfrceb teabf . Lkkurs: Ot os tmf nfywlrg> ot ebbl ketfs =NA l` ifilry `lr tm f octfrceb teabf ay gf`eubt. O` tmf gete oc tmf Octfrce b teabf fxkf fgs =NA tmfc ot wobb

aroch lc f ilrf =NA l` ifilry & sl

Kbfer: Ot kbfers tmf klct fcts l` t mf wlrn erfe & octfrceb teabf wotm m

lc up tl 1HA.

fegfr bocf OWEA^ Y & veroeabfs

Qf`rfsm: Ot kbfe rs tmf klct fcts l` tm f oct frceb teabf lcby. @rff: Ot kbfe rs tmf klct fcts l` oc tfrceb teabf e blc h wotm ebbl ketfg ifilry. 5=) Fxpbeoc slif l` t mf usf`ub eggotol cs l` XQOWF stetfifct< Ecs: - [lif l ` t mf us f`u b Eggo to lc s t l XQOWF s tet fifc t. 

....XQOWF: / ----3Ot os u sfg tl go spb ey tmf get e oc e cfw bo cf.



....XQOWF: /c (i) --- --3Gospb eys 'i' kmerektfrs ` lri plso tolc 'c'.



…VCGFQ LWMFQ LAJFKW ---3 Wl gospb ey tmf gete ucgfr tm f prfvolus g ospbeyfg gete.

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....KLBLQ ----3 Ot os u sfg tl g ospb ey tmf gete oc go` `frfct klb lrs. klb lr klg fs^4 ‛ 8Y



…BF@W-JV[WO@OFG/KFCWFQFG/QOHMW-JV[WO@OFG: Wmfsf erf usfg tl egju st tm f g ete et

bf`t mecg sog f, kfctfr & rohmt m ecg sogf. 

....E[ KMFKNAL] ----3Gospbey tmf kmfknalxfs oc tmf lutput.



....FGOW IE[N ----3 Ot os u sfg tl gosp bey tmf i esn lc klc` ogfctoeb gete.



…OCTVW: Ot os u sfg tl ienf lut put bost es fgo teabf.



....CL\HET ----3Wl rfil vf tm f heps o c t mf gete.



…KVQQFCK_: Ot os usfg tl spfko`y tmf kurrfcky nfys`lr tmf kurrfcky gete veroeabfs.



....VCOW ----3 Ot os u sfg tl s pfko`y tm f rfquorfg uc ots w mobf gos pbeyoch tmf q uectot y gete.



…MLW[TLW : Ot os usfg tl gospbey tmf mecg syialbs lc tmf lutput gete wmfc tmf kurslr

os pb ekfg. U) Xmet os tmf aesok Go`` frfckf aftwffc octfrceb teabfs ecg geteaesf teabfs< Mlw kec w go``frfctoe tf ay bll noch et tmf teabfs< Ecg m lw Mecgboch l` Octfrceb W eabfs<

f

Ecs : - Wmf aes ok Go``frfckf os getea esf t eab fs er f [tl rfg oc GA [fr vfr ecg t mf o ct frc eb t eab fs erf vortu eb teabfs tmfsf erf krfetfg ruc to if lcby.

5?) Fxpbeoc ealut t mf [ystfi @ofbgs wotm w mokm ylu m evf wlr nfg< OCGF]

Ocgfx l` tmf bll p

GEWVI VZFOW

Kurrfct systfi getf Kurrfct systfi toif

[VAQK

Xrottfc klgf l` tmf EAET nfywlr gs

WEAO]

Ocgfx l` ec octfrceb teabf

GAKCW

Wmf cl. l` fxtrektfg rfklrgs `rli tmf geteaesf

AEWKM

Trlhrei os ruccoch oc aekn hrlucg

QFTOG

Kurrfct prlh rei ceif

14) Fxpbeoc ealut [troch Kliperoslc Lpfretolcs ecg Ietmfietok @ucktolcs< Ecs: [tr oc h k li per os lc lp fret lr s: - Wmf afb lw stro ch kl ip ero sl c l pfret lr s k ec af u sfg tl klip erf tmf stroc h gete ve roeabfs. Lpfretlr Klcteocs Ecy (KE) Klcteocs Clt Ecy (CE) Klcteocs Lcby (KL) Klcteocs Clt Lcby (KC) Klcteocs Tettfrc(KT) Klcteocs Cl Tettfrc(CT) Klcteocs [troch (K[) Klcteocs Cl [troch(C[) QLMOCO NVIEQ

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KE: W mos kl cgotolc afklif s truf wm fc tmf slurkf stroch k lcteocs ecy lcf l` t mf kmere ktfr oc tmf terhft stroch. CE: W mos kl cgotolc afklif s truf oc kesf l` stroch klip eroslc lpfretlr KE os `ebsf. KL: Wmos klcgotol c afklifs truf, wmfc tmf slurkf stroch

klcteocs lcby tm f soiober stroch oc

tmf

terhft stroch ockbu goch kesf. KC: Wmos kl cgotolc afklif s tru f oc kesf l` stroch kliperoslc l pfretlr KL os `ebsf . KT: Wmos klc gotolc a fklif s truf, wmfc tmf slurkf stroch

klcteocs tmf spfko`ofg pettfrc oc tmf

terhft stroch. CT: Wmos klc gotolc a fklif s truf oc kesf l` Blhokeb fxprfssolcs wotm e stroc

h lpfretlr KT os

`ebsf. (L ppls otf tl KT) K[: Wmos klc gotolc a fklif s truf, wmfc tmf slurkf stroch

klcteocs soiober stroch

oc tmf terhft oc

altm Vppfr & Blw fr kesf ( clt e kesf sf csoto vf). C[: Wmos kl cgot olc a fklifs truf oc kesf l` str och l pfretlr K[ os `ebsf (L ppl sotf tl K[) . Ietmfietokeb @ucktolcs: -

Wmf af blw Ietmfietokeb lpfretlrs k ec af usfg lc tmf cui afrs. Lpfretlr Fqueb Wl Clt Fqueb Wl Bfss Wmec Hrfetfr Wmec Bfss Wmec lr Fqueb Wl Hrfetfr Wmec lr Fqueb Wl

[tetfifct FU CF BW HW BF HF

15) Fxpbeoc ealut Klcs tects, Wfxt [yialbs, [fbf ktol c Wfxts ecg Peroects< Klcstects:- Wmfy erf usfg tl evlog tmf merg klg fg tfxt oc tmf prlhreis ecg oiprlvf tm f rfuse aoboty o c tm f prlhrei. Wmf EAET stetfifct ”KLC[WECW[‟ os usfg tl gf`ocf klcstects. Wfxt [yial bs: - Wmf EAET [tetf ifct WF] W `lbblw fg ay tm f syialb cui afr (] ]]) kec usfg tl gf`ocf lr kebb tmf tfxt

syialb.

[fbfktol c tfxts: - Wmfy erf usfg tl ieocteoc tmf @ ofbg beafbs (gf skro ptol cs) l` tmf ocpu t `ofbgs l` tmf sfbfktolc skrffc. Wmf W-klg f [F0; os usfg tl trecsb etf tmf tfxt fbfif cts. Peroects: - Wmfy erf usfg tl sevf tmf ocput g ete `lr `urt mfr fxfkutolc o c tmf sfbfktolc s krffc. Wmfy kec ebsl af usfg tl evlog tm f gete fctry frrlrs & skm fgubf e prlh rei oc tmf aekn hrluc g. 11) Fxpbeoc ealut t mf usf`ub [troch Lpfretolc s< Lpfretlr [WQBFC KLCKEWFCEWF QFTBEKF @OCG [TBOW

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Gfskroptolc Qftur cs tmf cl l` kmers/bfchtm l` tmf stro ch Wl klia ocf tmf iubt opbf stro chs octl soch bf terhft stro ch Wl rfpbekf wot m lcf stroc h tl ecltmfr terhft stroc h @ocg tmf stro ch oc tmf slur kf [troch [fperetf tmf slur kf stroc h octl go`` stro chs

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KLCGFC[F

Ot klip rfss tmf stro ch wotm lut ecy heps

IEWKM L@@[FW

Ot kliprfss tmf stroch wotmlut ecy heps

1;) Fxpbeoc sli f l` tmf usf`ub eggotol cs l` [fbfktolc-[krffc< Ecs : [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC: - Wmos stetfifct os usfg t l `l riet t mf sfbfktolc skrffc. Wmf gf`eubt skrffc cuia fr `lr tm f sfbfktolc skrffc os 544 4. [lif l` tmf usf`ub Eggotolcs

:-



......AFHOC L@ ABLKN....XOWM @QEIF: - Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf sfbfktolc skrffc ablkns



.....XOWM @QEIF WOWBF: - Ec eggo tol c WOWBF wot m tm f sfbfktol c skr ffc @QEIF[ os u sfg



.....[NOT: - O t os usfg t l nffp tm f abecn boc fs oc t mf sfbfktolc skrffc.



.....VBOCF: - Wl gosp bey mlr ozlcteb boc fs oc t mf sfbfktolc skrffc.



.....AFHOC L@ BOCF: - Ot os u sfg tl g f`ocf tmf ocpu t `ofbgs , regol aut tlcs , pusm a uttl cs,



…TV[M AVWWLC: Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf pusm auttlcs oc tmf sfbfktolc skrffc.



…BOCF: Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf Ocput `ofbgs, Qegol auttlcs, Kmfkn alxfs, Tusm auttlcs

wotm `reif s

tl gf`ocf tmf WOW BF[ `lr tm f sfbfktolc sk rffc @reif s.

kmfkn al xfs ftk oc tmf seif bocf.

ftk oc t mf seif bocf.

17) Xmet erf tmf go``frfckfs aftwffc Clrieb [ferkm ([FBFKW…FCG[FBFKW) ecg Tloctfr [ferkm

(OCWL WEABF)< Ecs : Clrieb [ferkm([FBFKW…..FCG[FBFKW) 5. Ot mots tm f gete aesf teabf `lr fekm rfklrg sock f ot os e bll p stetfifct 1.Wmf EAET st etfifct 'ETTF CG' iu st af usfg t l

eppfcg rfklrg ay rfklrg octl ec octfrceb teabf ;.[lif toifs ot iey hovf ruc toif frrlr w mobf gfauhhoch 7.Clt egvos eabf guf tl bekn l` pfr`l rieckf & gete aesf bleg

Tloc tfr [ferkm (OCWL Weabf) 5. Ot mots tmf gete aesf teabf lckf tl fxtrekt ebb tmf rfquorfg gete sockf ot o s e stetfifct 1. Cl cffg tl usf 'ETTFCG' ; .Ot glfsc‟t hovf ecy smlrt guips 7. Ot os egvoseab f sockf ot fxtrekt s tm f gete `estfr & mes hllg pfr`lrieckf

16) Xmet os tm f go` `frfck f aftw ffc [_-OCGF] ecg [_-W EAO]< Ecs: QLMOCO NVIEQ

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[_-WEAO]: [ _-WEAO] os e systfi veroeabf wmo km stl rfs tmf ocgfx kur rfct prl kfssoch r fklrg l` ec oc tfrceb teabf. [l wmfc ylu erf bl lpoc h lvfr ec oc tfrceb teabf, ylu usf [_- WEAO]. BLLT EW OWEA OCWL XE. **[_-WEAO] stlrfs ocgfx cuiafr l` octfrceb teabf rfklrg FCGBLLT.



[_-OCGF]: [_-OCGF] os e syst fi veroeabf wmok m ekts es e bllp otfretolc kluc tfr, ot st lrfs bllp otfretolc cuia fr. Xmfc ylu usf GL F CGGL / XMOBF `lr bll poch , tmfrf os cl t eabf ocv lbv fg. [l ylu u sf [_-OCGF].

Fx: GL 54 toifs. **[_-OCGF] stlrfs cuiafr l` otfretolc l` bllp FCGGL. 10) Xmet erf tmf go``frfckfs aftw

ffc Kbessokeb Qfplrts ecg EAET Uufrofs<

Ecs : EA ET Uufro fs 5. Ot os tmf systfi prl vogfg tllb tl hfcfretf tmf rfplrt s. 1. Ot glfsc‟t rfquorf ecy prlhreiioch bechuehf .

;. Ot os clt pls soabf tl km echf tmf systfi hfcfretfg prlhrei wotml ut mevoch Ekkfss nfy. 7. Klbuic Ebohci fct os glcf ay tmf systfi.

Kbes so keb rfp lr ts 5. Ot os e Vtoboty. 1. Ot rfquorfs tmf prlhreiioch bechuehf. ;. Ot kec af kmechf sockf ot os oc Kustli ceif spekf (Z lr _). 7.Ot os KLITBF] tl Ebohc tmf Klbuic s

U) Xmet os vfrsolc i ecehfif ct oc s ep eaep. Gl wf mevf tmos klck fpt oc skr opts ebsl< O` et ebb tmfc mlw gl ylu mecgbf oc skropts ecg wmet's ots usehf< Ecs: 

Pfrsolc os us fg tl go` `frf ctoetf tmf kurrfct ektovf vfrsolc ecg pr

fvolus ektovf vfrsolc. O` lur

kurrfct ektovf vf rsolc os wrlc h wf kec rftrofvf tmf prfvolus vfrsolc. petm tl v frsolc i ecehfif ct : Vtobot ofs -3 vfrsolc s -3vfrsolc i ecehfif ct. 

ylu kec klip erf kurrf ct vfrsolc ecg prfvolus ektovf vf rsolc ebsl.



@lr [kro pt rfbfesfg vfr sol cs ... hl tl W-kl gf [F4; ---3 sfbfkt [FEQKM @ LQ LAJFKW[ OC QFUVF[W[/WE[N[

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Ilg ub ero zeto lc Wfkmc oq ufs

Ilguberozetolc Wfkmcoqufs 5) Xmet erf tmf I lguberoze tolc tfkmcoqufs wmokm ylu `l bblw< Ecs : - Wmfy er f usfg tl lr hec ozf t mf EAET klgf o c t mf p rl pfr wey , i enf t mf pr lh rei il rf Vcgfrstecgeabf ecg ienf usf l` tmf klg Wl govogf tmf ausocfss prlkfssoch bl 

f rf-useabf tl evlog tm f gupbok etf ge te. hok octl rfuseabf ablkn l` stetfif cts.

@lbblwoch erf tmf go``frf ct typfs l` Ilgube roze tolc tfkmcoqufs

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OCKBVGF[: Wmfsf prlh reis erf pert l` ecltmfr ieoc/ockbu gf prlhreis. Ockbugf prlhreis kec‟t af fxfkutfg ocgfpfc gfctby wm frfes tmf seif ockb ugf prlh rei kec af

ockb ugfg oc ecy cl l ` fxfkuteabf prlh reis. W mf EAET stetfifct OC KBVGF os usfg tl kebb lr gf`ocf tm f OCKBVGF prlhr eis. l

[uarlutocfs: Wmfsf erf stetfifcts blkeb ilguberozetolc tfkmcoqufs. Wmf sua-rlutocfs kec af gfauhhfg et ruc toif. Ke

bboch sml ubg af 5

st

& Gf`oco tolc smlu bg af cfxt. W mf

EA ET stet fifct TFQ@LQI os us fg t l keb b t mf s ua -rlutocfs & @LQI…FCG@LQI os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf sua-rlutocfs. Wmfrf erf 1 typfs l` sua-rl utoc fs. O.

Octfrceb [uarlut ocf: Wmfsf erf gf`ocfg & kebbfg oc tmf seif prl hrei.

OO.

Fxtfrceb [uarlu tocf: Wmfsf erf gf`ocfg oc lcf prl hrei & kebbfg oc ecltmfr prlhrei.

Ektueb Terei ftfrs : Wm f perei ftfrs wmo km kec af keb bfg wmo bf k ebboc h t mf suar lut ocfs (wot m TFQ@LQI stetfifct). @lrieb Te reiftfrs: Wmf pere iftfrs wmok m kec af pessfg wmobf gf`oco ch tm f suar lut ocf (wotm @LQ I stetfifct). 

Wmf cl l` ektu eb pere iftfrs smlub g af soiober tl tm f cl l` `lrieb pereiftfrs.



Wmf sua-rlutocfs gf`ocotolcs sml

ubg clt af cfstf g (`lri wotm oc tmf `lri) aut tm f

sua-rlutocf kec af kebbfg wotmoc

tmf sua-rlutocf.



l

Wmf stetfifcts aftwffc 1 sua-rlutocfs gf`ocotolcs kecclt af ekkfssfg

Iekrls: Wmfsf erf usf g `lr t mf klipbfx wro tf stetfifcts & `lr blch kebk ubetolc s. Iekrls kec tenf up tl ? pb ekf mlbgfrs (&5…. &?). Oc iekrls Gf`ocotolc smlubg a f 5 st &

Kebboch sml ubg a f cfxt. Wmf EAET stetfifct, GF@OCF…FCG-GF@OCWOLC os u sfg t l gf`ocf e ie krl. Wmf iekrl gf`oc otol cs kecclt a f gfauhhfg et ruc toif. Wmf stecgerg teabf WQ IEK pll bfg teabf os usfg tl i eocteoc iekrls . l

@ucktolc Ilgubfs:

Wmfsf erf hblaeb ilguberoze tolc la jfkts. W mf `ucktolc ilgubfs

kec af kebbfg ecy wmfrf oc tmf seif systfi & oc ecltm

fr systfi ebsl. Wmf `uc ktol c

ilgubfs erf gf`ocf g oc `ucktolc auobgfr. Wmf W-klgf [ F;8 os usfg tl w lrn wot m tmf ` ucktolc ilgubfs & [F=4 os usfg tl wlrn wotm tmf `ucktol c hrlup. Wmf `ucktolc ilgubfs smlubg af essohcfg tl e `ucktolc hrlup & @ucktolc hrlup os tmf klbbfktolc l` `ucktolc il 

gubfs.

Wmf stecgerg teabf ”W@GOQ‟ os usfg tl `ocg @Is sockf ot klcteocs tmf fctorf

@ucktolc ilg ubf oc tmf systfi. 

Clrieb @ucktol c Ilgubf: Wmfsf e rf gf`ocfg & kebbfg oc tm f seif systfi tl rfusf tmf kfctreb slurkf klg f.

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

Qfilt f @uckt olc Ilgub f: Wmf sf erf gf`ocfg oc l cf systfi & kec af kebbfg ecltmfr systfi.



Vpgetf @ucktolc Ilgubf: Wmos os usfg `lr [ET BVX (Blh ok Vcot l` Xlrn). W mfsf `ucktol c ilgu bfs erf trohhfrf g oc kesf l` oipbokot lr fxpbokot KLIIOW wlrn os fckluc tfrfg. K liiot Xlrn o s usfg tl ienf kmechfs oc gete aesf

l

pfriecfctby.

Ifssehf kbess: Wmos t llb os u sfg tl ieoct eoc tmf If ssehfs oc tm f ifssehf pllb. Wmfy erf usfg tl hovf ifssehfs `lr ocstruktoch tmf usfrs. Wmf stecgerg W-K lgf [F ?5 os usfg tl w lrn w otm t mf ifssehf pllb. Go``frfct typfs l` ifssehfs erf Frrlr, [ukkfss, X ercoch, Oc`lr ietolc, Ealr t, Fxot.

l

Wfxt syi albs & Klcstect s: Wmf EAET [ tetfifct WF ]W `lbb lwfg ay tm f syialb cuia fr (]]]) kec usfg tl g f`ocf lr kebb tmf tfxt syia lb. Klcstects erf usfg tl tmf merg klgfg tfxt ecg oiprl

evlog

vf tmf rfusf tmf i oc t mf prlhrei.

Wmf W-klgf [F 0; os usfg tl trecsbetf tm f go``frfct typ fs l` t fxt fbfif cts . 1) Xmet e rf tmf go``frfckfs aftwffc [uarlu

tocfs ecg @uckt olc Ilgu bfs<

[uarlutocfs

@ucktolc ilgubfs

5. Wmfsf erf bl keb. Xf kec ekk fss tm f

5. Wmfsf erf hblaeb. Xf kec ekkfss tmf

[uarlutocf wotmoc t mf sfrvf r lcby.

`ucktolc ilgubf wotm oc sfrvf r es wfbb es Lutsog f tmf sfrvfr.

1. Xf kec‟t fxfkutf tmf suarlutocf

1. wf kec fxf kutf `uc ktol c ilgub f

ocgfpfcgfctby

ocgfpfcg fctby uso ch t mf W-klgf [F; 8

;. [uarlutocfs kec‟t mecgbf tmf Fxkfptolcs.

;. @ucktol c ilgu bf kec mecgbf tmf frrlrs tmrluh m Fxkfptolcs.

;) Xmet erf tmf go``frfckfs aftwffc Iekrl & suar lut ocf< Iekrl

[uarlutocf

5. Gf`ocotol c & kebboch oc tmf seif prlh rei.

1. Gf`ocotol c smlub g af tmf 5

st

5. Gf`ocot olc & kebboch iey/iey clt oc tmf seif

& kebboch smlubg af

Wmf cfxt.

Trlhrei. 1. Kebboch sm lubg af tmf 5

st

& Gf `ocotolc sm lubg

Af tmf cfxt.

;. Iekrls kec tenf up tl ? ocpu ts.

;. [uarlut ocfs kec tenf ecy cl l` ocp uts.

7. [ua-rluto cfs kec af gfauh hfg et ruc toif.

7. Iekrls kecclt af gfauhh fg.

7) Xmet e rf tmf go``frfct pereiftfrs oc @uckt QLMOCO NVIEQ

olc Ilgu bfs ecg Fxpbeoc ealut t mfi<

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@lb blwoc h er f tm f go `` frfct ty pfs l` Terei ftfrs oc @uc ktol c Il gu bfs 

Ettr oa ut fs: Ot klcteocs tfkmcokeb prlpfrtofs l` e `ucktolc ilgub

f sukm erf typf l` `u cktolc

ilgubf, `ucktolc hrlup. 

Oiplrt pereiftfrs : Wmfy erf oiplrtfg `rli t mf kebboch prlhrei tl



tmf `ucktolc ilgubf.

Fxplrt pereiftfrs: Wmfsf erf usf g tl fxplrtfg tmf gete `rli tmf `ucktolc

ilgubf tl tm f kebboch

prlhreis. 

Kmechoch pereiftfrs: Wmfsf erf oiplrtfg `rli tmf kebboch prlh

rei, kme chfg tmfi oc tm f `ucktolc

ilgu bfs & fxplrtfg/rfturc fg tl tmf kebboch prlh rei. (O iplr t -3 Kmechf - 3 Fxplr t) 

Weabfs: Wmfsf kec af usfg tl oipl rt & fxplrt lcby ` lr oct frce b teabfs.



Fxkfptolcs: Wmfy erf usfg tl reosf/ mecgbf tmf ifssehfs oc tmf `uckto

lc ilg ubf aesfg lc

rftu rc klg f ([_-[VAQK). 

[lurkf klgf: Ot os usfg tl wro tf kfctreb EAET slurkf klgf.

6) Fxpbe oc ealut go``frfct if tmlgs tl pess tmf pere iftf rs tl sua rlutocfs< Iftml g Gfskro ptol c Ot os tmf gf`eubt iftml g. Wmf ploct fr usfg tmf seif ifilry A_ ebblke tolc `lr altm ektue b & `lrieb pereif tfrs. @ rli kebboch tl Qf`frf gf`ocotolc & gf`ocotolc tl kebboch, ebb pereiftfr vebufs erf pessoch ckf eblch wotm tmf ifilry. Wmf syst fi ebblketfs cfw ifilry. W mf ebblketfg ifilry os `rffg Ay lckf tmf suarlutoc f fcgs. @rli ke bboch tl gf`ocotolc & g f`ocotolc tl Pebuf kebboch, tmf pereiftfr vebufs lcby pessoch. Ay Pebuf ecg Ot os ebilst soiober tl Ay vebuf aut lcb y tmf go``frfckf os tmf @lrie b Qfturc pereiftfr vebufs erf rfturc fg tl Ekt ueb pereiftfrs.

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F``fkt Wmf Ektueb p ereif tfrs erf kmechfg wotm tmf @lrieb p ereiftf rs. Wmf Ektueb p ereif tfrs erf clt kmechfg wotm tmf @lrieb p ereiftf rs. Wmf Ektueb p ereif tfrs erf kmechf wotm tm f @lrieb p ereiftf rs.

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Gfauhhfr

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Gfauhhfr 5) Fxpbeoc e alut Gf auh hfr, Arfen ploc ts ecg Xetkm plocts< Ecs : - Gfau hh fr : - Wmo s t ll b o s u sfg tl km fkn tm f prl hr ei bo cf ay bo cf & abl kn ay abl kn `l r ` oc go ch ecg rfkto`yoch frrlrs lr auhs. Arfen Tlocts:- Wmfsf e rf [tetf ifct aesfg. Wmfy e rf usfg tl stlp tmf pr lhrei oc tmf gfauhhfr tllb `lr kmfknoch bocf ay bocf lr ablkn ay abl 

kn.

Arfen ploct s erf l` 7 typfs. X f kec pbekf up tl ;4 arfen ploct s oc tmf pr lhr ei. 5. [fssolc Arfen T loct : Ec oklc s ft/gf bftf arfe nplo ct okl c lr kbok n lc stetfifct boc f et hrey klblr vfrtoke b sfbfktolc oc tm f slurkf klgf. 1. [tetok Arfen Tloct: Wmf EAET stetfifct AQFEN-TLOCW/AQFEN 2usfr\ceif3 os usfg tl sft tmf [tetok a rfen ploct . Oc tmf rfeb toif tmf EA ET stetfifct AQFEN-T LOCW smlubg clt a f usfg sockf ebb tmf usfrs erf

stlppfg.

;. Gyceiok Arfen T loct : Wmfy e rf usfg tl kmfkn tm f prlhrei oc kesf l` clt pl ssoab f tl `oc g e blketol c. Wmf kliiecg /M os usfg tl sft gyceiok arfen plocts stlppfg et tmf `orst stetf ifct bocf l` tm f pfr`lrif g ektolc.

. Wmf prl hrei os

7. Fxtfrceb Arfen Tloct: Wmfy erf usfg tl kmfkn tmf krlss eppboketolc kliplcfcts sukm es Q@K, AETO `rli lcf systfi t l ecltm fr. Ec oklc sft lr g fbftf fxtfrceb arfen-plocts os usfg tl sft lr g fbftf fxtfrceb arfen-plocts . Xetkm Tloc ts: - Wmfsf erf Klcg otol c aesfg. W mfy erf usfg tl stlp t mf prlh rei lck f tmf sft klcg otol c os rfekmfg. W mf Xetkm p loct s kec af sf t ocso gf tmf gfauhhfr tll b. Xf kec pbekf up tl ? wetkm plocts oc tmf prlh rei. X f kec rfgukf gf auhhoch toif usoch w etkm plocts. 1)

Go``frfckfs aftwffc Kbessokeb & Cfw gfauhh fr<

Ecs: Kbessokeb gfauhh fr

Cfw gfauh hfr

5.Ot os tmf lbg gfauhh fr

5.Ot os octr lguk fg `rl i tmf vfrsolc FKK 6.4

1.Ot rucs lc t mf seif sfssolc tl kmfkn & rfslbvf

1.Ot ruc s lc tm f sfpe retf sfssolc

tmf ossufs oc tm f prlhrei ;. Ot mes Blts l` boiotetolcs sukm

es go``frf ct

;.Ot os vfry f``okofct tllb t

l kmfkn blts l` ektolcs

gfsntlps erf clt tmfrf, cl sfperetf sfktolcs `lr

sukm es go``frfct gfsntlps, sfpere

blkeb , hbl aeb Pe roeabfs ftk

blkeb & hb laeb Peroeabf s & la jfkts et e toif

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tf ektolcs `lr

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[ochbf [tfp @ 6: Wmf `uckt olc n fy @6 os usfg tl km fkn Bocf Ay Boc f l` tmf prlh rei. Fxfkutf @0 : Wmf `ucktolc n fy @0 os usfg tl kmfkn Ablkn A y Ablkn l ` tmf prl hrei. Qfturc @8: Wmf `ucktolc nfy @ 8 os usfg tl Qfturc `r li tmf slu rkf klgf l` tmf prlk fss ablkns sukm es sua-rlutocfs, `ucktolc

ilgubfs, iftmlgs ftk.

Klctocuf @= : Wmf `ucktolc nfy @ = os usfg tl juip `r li lcf arfen ploct oc tl tm f cfxt arfe n ploct tmfc fxfkutf lckf tm f best arfe n plo ct os r fekmfg & tm fc fxfkutf.

;) Mlw tl gfauh Aeknhrlucg

Jlas<

Ecs: Wmf Aeknhrlucg jlas kec af gfauh usoch tm f kliiecg ”JGAH‟.     

Fxfkut f tmf W-klgf [I;8 Kmfkn tm f rfquorf g aeknhrlucg jla tl af gfauh. Fctfr JGAH oc tmf Kliiecg ` ofbg & Trfss Fctfr Nffp lc prfssoch @8 uctob tmf rfquorfg prlhrei os stlppfg. Vsf tmf @ uckt olc nfys @6/@ 0/@8 tl kmfkn tmf prl hrei Boc f ay bocf/Ablkn a y Ablkn lckf ot os rfekmfg.

7) Xmet erf tmf stfps tl gfauh Tlp-up wo cglw < Ecs: 

 

Krfetf e tfxt `obf wot m tmf rfquo rfg stetfifcts & sevf ot lc B lkeb TK/ Gfsntlp. ^@VCKWOLCY KLIIECG 9 ”/M‟ Wotbf 9 ”Gfauhhfr‟ Wypf 9 ”[ystfi Kliiecg‟ Iocoiozf tmf [ ET Tlp-up woc glw s krffc tl eppfer altm Wfxt `obf & Tlp-up wo cglw skrffc. Greh & grlp t mf sevf g tfxt `obf octl Tlp-up wocglw s krff c.

Cltf: Wmf systfi hovfs tmf sukk 

fss ifssehf e s Gfauhhoc h [wotkmfg LC.

Tfr`lri t mf rfquorfg e ktolc t l stl p tmf klrr fsplcgoch p rlhrei (_ fs auttlc).

6) Xmet e rf tmf typfs l` fxfkuto lc il gfs< Ecs: Wmfr f erf 1 typfs l` fxfk ut ol c ilg f tl fxfkutf e prlhrei lr tmf trecsektolc klgfs. 5. @lrfhrlucg: Ot os usfg tl fxfkutf tmf prlhreis lr tmf trecsektolc klgfs gorfktby ay p fxfkutf oklc lr @= `uc ktol c nfy. O t rfquorfs us fr octfrektolc.

rfssoch

1. Aeknhrlucg: Wmos fxf kutolc ilgf os usfg tl fxfkutf tmf prlhreis lr tmf trecsektolc klgfs pfrolgo kebby sukm es Mlurby, Geoby, Xffnby, I lct mby ftk oc aeknh rluc g. Ot glfsc‟t rfquorf ecy usfr oct frektolc. Wmf ve roects iu st af krfetfg af`lrf tmf prlh reis erf skmfgubfg oc aekn hrlucg.  

Wmf W-klgf [I; 0 os usfg tl gf`oc f tmf aeknhrluc g jla s & Wmf W-klgf [I; 8 os usfg tl kmfkn t mf stetus l` tmf aeknhr luc g jlas .

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Wmf stecgerg ` uckt olc ilg ubfs JLA\L TFC -3 Wl lpfc aekn hrl ucg jl a JLA\[ VAIOW -3 Wl sua iot jl a oc aekn hrl ucg JLA\K BL[F -3 Wl k blsf sk mfgubfg j la.

Qfpl rt s Fvfct s

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FPFCW[ 5) Xmet erf tmf [fbfktolc-[krffc fvfcts, f xpbeoc<



EW [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC -3 Wmo s fv fct os tr oh hfr fg e`t fr p rl vo go ch Ocp ut tl tmf sfbfktolc skrffc.



EW [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC LVWTVW -3Wmo s fv fct os tro hh frfg wmo bf p fr` lr io ch ecy ektolc o c tmf sfbfktolc skr ffc. Ot os usfg tl ilgo `y (`lriet) tmf sfbfktolc skr ffc.



EW [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC LC -3 Wmo s fv fct os tr oh hfr fg e`t fr o cp ut veb ufs p rl vo gfg oc tmf sfbfktolc s krffc aesfg. Ot os usfg tl vebogetf/kmfkn tmf ocput

gete l` tmf

sfbfktolc skrffc. 

EW [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC LC PEBVF QFUVF[W @LQ -3 Wmo s fvfct o s tro hh frfg wmfc tmf usfr kbokns lc @7 auttlc. Wmf ste

cgerg `ucktol c ilgubf

@7\OCW\WEABF\PEBVF\QFUVF[W kec af usfg tl gospbey tmf plssoabf fctrofs es sferkm mfbp. 

Wmf `uckt olc ilg ubf G_ CT\PEBVF[ \QFEG os usfg t l keptu rf tmf sfbfktolc `o fbg vebufs oc tmf seif sfbfktolc skr ffc `lr Gyceiok sfe rkm mfbp



Et sfb fkt ol c -sk rffc LC MFBT-QFUVF[W @LQ -3 Wmos fvfc t os tr oh hfr fg w mfc tm f usfr kbokns lc @5 auttlc .Wmf stecgerg `ucktolc ilgubf ”MFBT\LAJFKW\[MLX‟

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kec af usfg tl pr lvog f tmf Mfbp glku ifct tl t mf ocput veroeabf. W mf W-klgf [F05/[L81 os usfg tl ieoct eoc tmf Mfbp glku ifctetolc es pfr tmf spfko`o ketolc . 1) Fxpbeoc e alut tmf Terebbfb Kurslr If tml g< Ecs: - Wmo s Ift ml g o s u sfg `l r aft tfr Tfr` lr iec kf o c k esf l ` t mf c fst fg b ll ps (Bl lp wotmo c t mf bllp). [tfps tl usf tmos Iftmlg:

Qfeg tmf 1cg oct frceb teabf (O tfi teabf) wotmoc tmf bll p l` t mf Aesf/I eoc oct frceb teabf (ht\mfegf r) wotm tmf rfquorfg nfys ecg hft tmf ocgfx l` tm



f kurrfct rfklrg .

[ft tm f bllp t l tm f 1cg oc tfrceb teabf (OW FI octfrc eb teabf) tl prlk fss tmf gete `rli tmf [F W OCGF] ecg usf F]O W stetfifct tl klif lu t l` tmos 1

;) Mlw iecy Woifs tmf Fvfct OCOWOEBOZEWOLC Wrohhfrs wmobf ebsl WLT-L@-TEHF<

cg

bllp `lr tmf ucietkmfg gete.

gosp beyoch tm f bost l` 14 pehfs e cg

Ecs : - OCOWOEB OZEWOLC Wr oh hfr s Lc by Lcf to if ec g WLT-L@-TEHF tro hh frs 14 to ifs . 7) Xmet os t mf prf- rfquosotf tl usf ‒@LQ EBB FCWQOF[’< Ecs : - Wmf A esf o ct frceb t eab f wm ok m kec af u sfg oc tm f '@LQ EBB FCWQOF[' s tet fifct iu st af kmfknfg wmftm fr ot mes gete lr clt . 6) Xmet erf Jlocs & typ fs l` Jloc s< Ecs: Jl oc s er f us fg t l ` ftk m t mf g ete ` rl i i lr f tmec lc f teab f. 5. Occfr jloc: Wmos stetfif ct os usfg tl fxtrekt tmf gete `rli tmf iubtop bfs te abfs ay jl oc oc h t mfi . Vp t l 1 t eabfs kec lc by af jl oc fg. 1. @lr ebb f ctrofs: Wmos st etfifct os usfg tl fxtrekt tmf gete `rl i tmf gete aesf teabf aesfg lc tmf fctrofs l` t mf Aesf octfrceb teabf. 0) Fxpbeoc ealut Bllp tfriocetolc stetfifcts< Ecs : - Wmf ` lb blwoc h s tet fifct s er f us fg t l klif l ut l` tm f bl lp s ec g k lc to cu f wo tm tm f cfx t bllp stetfifcts. 

F]OW: - Wmos st etfif ct os us fg tl klif lut l` tm f bllp stetfifct ecg klct ocuf wot m tmf



cfxt stetfif ct bocf lut sogf l` tmf bll p stetfif cts oc tmf prlhrei. [WLT: - Wmos stetfif ct os usfg tl stl p tmf Bll p prl kfss eblch wotm tm f cfxt pert l` tmf



KLCWOCVF: - Wmos stetfifct os usfg tl stl p tmf kurr fct bllp pr lkfss ecg klc tocu f wo tm



KMFKN: - Wmos stetfif ct os usfg tl km fkn tmf spfko`ofg klcgotolcs

bllp stetfifct.

tmf cfxt bllp prlkfss.

cfxt bllp p rlkfss. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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ecg klctocuf wotm

tmf

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

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KMFKN 9 KLCGOWOLC + KLCWOCVF.

8) Fxpbeoc ealut tm f fvfcts esslko etfg wotm Kbessokeb Qf plr ts< Ecs : - @lbb lw oc h er f tmf FPFCW[ essl ko etfg w otm t mf Kbes so keb Qfpl rt s . 

BLEG- L@-TQLHQEI : Wmos fvfct t rohh frs et tmf toi f l` bl egoch t mf prlh rei



OCOWOEBOZEW OLC: Wmos fvfct os t rohh frfg af`lrf tmf sfbfktol c skr ffc os

octl e ifilry. gosp beyfg. O t os usfg tl kbfer & rf`rfsm tmf gete veroeabfs e

cg us fg tl pess tm f

gf`eubt vebufs tl tmf sfbfktolc `ofbgs. 

EW [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC: Wm os fvfc t os tr oh hfr fg e`t fr pr lv og oc h t mf ocpu t o c tm f sfbfktolc skrffc.



[WEQW-L@-[FBFKWOLC: Ot os tmf gf`eubt fvfct & iecgetlry tl fxfkutf ecy fxfkuteabf prlh rei. Ot os us fg tl `ftkm tm f gete `rli tmf GA. O ` cl fvfct os u sfg oc tmf fxfkuteabf prlhrei, tmf fctorf prlhrei wobb af trohhfrfg ucgfr [tert-L`-[fbfktolc.



FCG-L@-[FBFKWOLC: Wmos fvfct os trohhfrfg e`tfr [tert-L`-[fbfktolc fvfct os prl kfssfg. O t os usfg tl sp fko`y tmf gete prlkfss stetfifcts.



WLT-L@-TEHF: Wmo s fvfct os t ro hhfrfg w otm tmf `o rst VBOCF/XQOWF/[NOT/CFX TEHF stetfifct oc [WEQW\L@-[FBFKWOLC fvfct oc tmf prlhrei. Ot os usfg tl gospbey tmf klbuic



mfegochs.

FCG-L@-TEHF: Wmos fvfct os t rohh frfg et tmf fcg l` fekm pehf. O t os usfg t l gosp bey tmf `lltfr gfteobs l` e pehf sukm es tltebs ftk..

Wmf rfplrt egg otol c

BOCF-KLVCW iust af spfko`ofg t l tro hhfr tm os fvfct. =) Xmokm os tm f gf`eubt fvf ct< Ecs : -Wmf g f`eub t fvfct os [WEQW-L@-[FBFKWOLC .O` c l fv fct os us fg o c t mf fxfkutea bf p rl hr ei, t mf fctorf prlh rei wobb af troh hfrfg [ tert-L`-[ fbfktolc. Wmf ieoc prlh rei afhocs wot m tmos fvfct. ?). Os ot pls soabf tl gospbey prfvolus grobb

glwc bost `rli kurr fct lcf<

Fx: O` suppl sf ei oc 54 tm grobb glw c bost. Os ot plssoabf tl gospbey 6 O mevf 5 aesok bost ecg 56 sfklcgery bos gorfktby tl tmf aesok bost<

tm

grobb glwc bost `rli kurrfct bost<

ts oc o ctfrektovf rfplrt . O` o ei oc ?tm bost , mlw kec o klif

Ecs: _fs. A y r f-sftt oc h b os t o cgfx 9 6. o.f> [_-B[OCG 9 6. [ystfi veroeabf [ _-B[OCG stlrfs tm f bost cuia fr, ay usoch t mos w f kec hl t l aesok bo st. 54) Oc oct frektovf rfplrt o` u sfr 5? toifs glu abf kbokn fg, ehe oc mf wect tl i eoc skrffc. M lw kec gl tmos< Ecs: O` [y-ukl ii 9'A EKN '. Bfevf tl sk rffc 4. QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

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Fcg o`.

55) Xmet erf tmf fvfcts esslkoetfg wo

tm Octfrektovf Qfplrts <

Ecs : - @lbb lw oc h er f tmf FPFCW[ essl ko etfg w otm t mf Oct frek to vf Qfp lr ts . 

EW B OCF-[FBFKWOLC: Wmo s fv fct os tr oh hfr fg et tm f to if l ` us fr k bo kn s l c ecy rfklrg l` ecy bost. Ot os usfg tl p rlvogf tmf gfteobf g bost a esfg lc tmf kurrfct bost. Wmf systfi `ofbg [_- B[OCG mlbgs t mf Ocgfx l` tmf cfxt grob b glw c bost .



EW V[FQ-KLIIECG: Wmo s fv fct o s t ro hh frfg et tm f to if l` us fr k bo kn s l c ecy ifcu otfi. W mos fvfct os usfg tl prlvogf tmf eggotolceb `ucktol ceboty aesf g lc tmf sfbf ktfg pusm auttlc.



WLT-L@-TEHF GVQOCH BOCF-[FBFKWOLC: Wmos fvfct os t roh hfrfg w ot m tm f `ors t XQOWF/VBOCF/[NOT l` tm f grobb g lwc b ost. Ot os us fg tl p rlvog f tmf klbuic mfegochs `lr t mf grobb glwc bost.



EW T@: Wmo s fvfct os tr oh hfrfg wmfc t mf `u ck to lc nfy os prfs sfg . Wmo s fv fct os usfg tl p rlvogf tmf eggotolceb `ucktol



ceboty aesf g lc tmf sfbf ktfg ifcu otfi.

[FW T@-[WEWV[: Wmos fvfct os tro hhfrfg et tmf to if l` ettekm och lur lwc HVO tl t mf bost. O t os usfg tl kebb tm f ifcu stetus.



Vp tl ;6 T usm a uttlcs kec a f krfe tfg lc tm f Eppboketolc tllb

aer.

51) Xmet erf go``frfckfs aftw ffc Kbessokeb & Octfrektovf r fplrts< Ecs: 

Wmf Kbessokeb rfplrts erf usfg tl gos

pbey tmf fctorf oc`lri etolc oc e sochb f/ aesok bost



Wmf Octfrektovf Qf plr ts erf usfg tl gospb ey tmf suiierozfg oc`lrietol c oc tm f aesok bos t & gfteobf g oc`lrietolc oc tmf cfxt grobb glwc b ost. Vp tl 14 sf klcgery bosts erf prlvogfg & tmf tlt eb cl l` bos ts erf 1 5.

5;) Xmokm tfkmcoqufs usfg tl

ogfcto`y tmf rfklrg wmokm w

es kboknfg ay tmf usfr oc tmf prfvolus bost<

Ecs: MOGF & HFW-KVQ[LQ MOGF: Wmos s tetfifct os usfg tl mogf tm f sfbfktfg `ofbg vebuf wmo km kec af pessfg tl tm f klrrfsplcgoch grobb glw c bost tl `obtfr tmf ucwectfg rfklrgs. O sfbf ktfg `ofbg vebufs tl tmf cfxt grobb

t os us fg tl kepturf tmf

glwc bo st. Mogf ste tfif ct pr lvogfs [ochbf grobb glwc

bost.

HFW-KVQ[LQ: Wmos stetfifct os usfg t l keptu rf tmf sfbfktfg `o fbg vebufs & ` ofbg ceifs a esfg lc tmf kurslr pl sotolc. Wmos stetf ifct prlvogfs grobb iubtopbf glwc bo 57) Xmet erf tmf [ystfi @of bgs essl koetfg wot m Octfrektovf Qfplrts< Ecs : - [ystfi ` ofb gs ess lk oet fg w ot m Oc tfrek to vf r fpl rt s . @ofbg ceif B[OCG BO[FB QLMOCO NVIEQ

Gfskro ptol c Ocgfx l` tmf cfxt grobb glwc - klctfcts l` tmf kurrfct bost Ocgfx cl [fbfktfg bost bocf vebuf - klc tfcts l` tmf sfbfktfg rfklrg ;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

sts.

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BOBBO VKLII T@Nfy

[fbfktfg bost bocf cuiafr ‛ klcteocs t mf fxe kt bocf cl l` tmf sfbfktfg rfklrg @uc. Klgf l` tmf sfbfktfg pus m autt lc/Ifcu otfi @uckto lc Nfy

56) Xmet erf tmf Klctrlb Arfen [ tetfifcts, fxpbeoc ealut

tmfi<

Ecs : Klctrl b Arfen stetfif cts: - Wmfy e rf usfg tl klct rlb tm f gete `blw l` ec octfrc eb teabf. 

Wmf Klct rlb a rfen stetfifcts stert wot m EW ecg fcgs wotm FCGEW.



Wmfsf stetfifcts sm lubg a f usfg wot moc tm f BLLT stetfifcts lcb y @lbblwoch erf tmf go``frfct typfs l` Klctrlb arfen stetfifcts.

 

EW @OQ[W: - Wmo s fvfct os tr oh hfr fg et t mf ` or st rfk lr g l` ec o ct frc eb t eab f. Wmo s o s u sfg tl gospbey tmf Mfegfr oc`lrietolc.



EW CFX: - Wmo s fv fct os tro hh frfg et tm f `o rs t r fkl rg l` fekm ab lk n. Wm os os us fg t l g os pb ey t mf ocgovogueb mfegochs.



EW FCG L@: - Wmo s fv fct os tro hh frfg et t mf b est rfk lr g l` fekm ab lk n. Wm os os us fg t l g os pb ey tmf tlteb/sua tltebs oc tmf octfrceb teabf.



EW B E[W: - Wmo s fvfc t o s t ro hh frfg et t mf b est rfk lr g l ` ec o ct frc eb t eab f.



LC KMECHF L@: - Ot os e spfkoeb kl ctrl b ar fen stetfif ct wm okm kec af usfg lut sogf l` tmf bllp stetfifct ebsl.  

Ot os ebilst soiob er tl EW CFX stetfif ct au t ot glfsc' t klcs ogfr tmf prfkfgoch ` ofbgs. Ot kec a f usfg l c t mf iubt opbf `o fbgs u soch [FW lpfretlrs (ECG, LQ, AFWXFFC).

50) Xmet os t mf go` `frfck f aftwffc EWCFX e cg LCKMECHF L@< Ecs : EW CFX LC KMECHF L@ 5. Wmfy iust a f usfg wotmoc tm f bllp 5. Ot kec af usfg wotmo c tmf bll p stetfifct & stetfifcts. lutsogf l` tmf bllp s tetf ifcts ebsl 1. Ot klc sogfrs prfkfgoch `ofbgs ebsl 1. Ot glfsc't klc sogfr ;. Ot kec af usfg lc tm f iubtopbf `ofbgs u soch t mf ;. Ot kec‟t af usfg lc ilrf tmec lcf `ofbg usoc h tmf [F W lpfretlr ”LQ‟ [FW lpfretlr ”LQ‟ 7. Wmf wlrn erfe os oipektfg ay rfpb ekoch wo tm Estfro sn (*******)ierns 7. Ot glfsc‟t oipekt tmf Xlrn Erfe 58) Xmet erf tm f go` `frfck fs aftw ffc [FBFK W [OCHBF ecg VTWL 5 QL X[< Ecs : [FBFKW [OCHBF

VTWL 5 QLX[

5. Ot fxtrekts soc hbf rfklrg `r li tm f gete aesf teabf

5. Ot fxtrekts ebb tmf rfklrgs oct l e au``fr ecg ilvfs tmf `orst rfklrg oc t l ec eppboketolc prlhrei

1. Ot glfsc‟t rfquorf FCG [FBFKW st etfifct

1. Ot rfqu orfs FCG [FBFKW ;. Vsf tmos lc f, oc kesf l` cl t pls soab f tl usf ebb tmf nfy `ofbgs

;. Vsf tmos l cf, oc kesf l` ebb nfy `ofbgs k ec af klcsog frfg

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7. Ot os sblw fr

7. Ot os `estfr

5=) Xmet erf tmf go`` frfckfs aftwffc Clrieb Q fplrts ecg EBP Qf plr ts< Kbessokeb rfplrts 5. [oipb f rfplrts usoc h tm f XQOWF stetfifcts wotmoc tm f bllps. 1. Tfr`lrieckf os c lt es hll g es EBP Q fplrts sock f tmf BLL T stetfif ct iu st af usfg tl gosp bey tmf gete. ;. Clt plsso abf tl fgot tmf @of bgs oc tm f Lutput . 7. Ot os go`` okubt tl go spbey tmf BLHL [ oc tmf lutput. 6. Ot os KLITBF] tl Ebohc tmf Klbuics .

EBP Qfplrts 5. Wmf systfi hfcfretfg @ucktol cs stert wo tm QFV[F* erf usfg tl gospbey tmf gete. 1. Tfr`lrieckf os h llg s ockf tmf gete os gospbeyfg usoch tmf `ucktolc il gubfs lutsogf l` tm f bllps. ;. Ot kec af plssoa bf tl fgot tm f @ofbgs oc t mf Lutput. 7. Ot os sl FE[_ tl gosp bey tmf BLHL[ oc t mf lutput. 6. Klbuic Ebohci fct os glc f ay tmf systfi.

5?). wmet erf Klcvfrsolc Qlutoc fs<  

Wmf klcvfrsolc rl utocfs erf tmf `ucktolc il gubfs usfg tl k lcvfrt tmf gete `rli octfrceb `lriet tl ec fxtf rceb `lriet & fxtf rceb `lriet tl octfrceb `lriet. Wmf klc vfrsolc r lut ocfs erf ieocteocfg et tmf G lieoc bfvfb l` e `ofbg.

14) Mlw tl ienf tmf `ofbg fgot eabf oc EBP Hrog< Ecs : - Ay pes so ch tm f `o fbg cei f FGOW 9 ”]‟ tl tm f [bos\@ofbgket\Ebv. 15) Xmet erf tmf f vfcts esslk oetfg wotm EBP Qfplrts < Ecs : - Wmfr f erf 58 fvfct s o c EBP Qfplr ts . 

@lbblwoch erf slif l` tmf ilst 

usf`ub fvf cts.

WLT\L@\TEHF: Ot os ec fvfct w mokm os tr ohh frfg et tmf tl p l` fekm pehf. W mos fvfct os usfg tl gospbey tmf bost mfegochs & Blhls.



T@\[WEWV[\[FW: Wmos fvfct os t rohh frfg et tmf toi f l` ettekmo ch l ur lw c HVO tl tmf prlhrei. Wmos fvf ct os usfg tl kebb tmf ifcu stetus `

lr eggoch ifcu otfis &

pusm auttlcs. 

V[FQ\KLIIECG: Ot os ec fvfct wm okm o s tro hhfrfg et tmf toi f l` usfr kbo kns l c ecy rfklrg l` ecy bost es wfbb es kbokns l

c ecy ifcu otfi. W mos fvfct os usfg tl

prlvogf ec oct frektovf `ucktolc eboty aesf g lc tmf sfbfk tfg rfklrg/pusm au ttlc/ ifcu otfi oc EBP rf plrts. 

FCG\L@\BO[W: Ot os usfg tl gosp bey tmf @lltfr gfteobs oc

EBP rfplrts.

11) Xmet erf tmf @ uckt olc Ilgu bfs esslkoetfg wot m EBP Qf plr ts< l

Wmf stecgerg EBP gosp bey @uckto lc ilgu bf 'QFV [F\EBP\ BO[W\GO[TBE_' os u sfg tl gosp bey tmf plpub etfg `oceb octfrceb teabf gete 

QLMOCO NVIEQ

oc EBP BO[ W `lriet.

Wmf @ofbg vebufs kecclt af fgotfg oc kesf l` EBP Bost ` lriet. ;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

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[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ



Blhls/Oiehfs kecclt af gospbeyfg oc EBP Bost `lriet.

Wmf stecgerg EBP gosp bey @uckto lc ilgu bf 'QFV [F\EBP\ HQOG\GO[TBE_' os u sfg t l

l

gosp bey tmf plpu betfg `oceb octfrc eb teabf gete oc EB P HQOG `lri et. 

Wmf @ofbg vebu fs kec af fgotfg oc kesf l` EBP HQOG `lriet.



Blh ls/ Oiehfs kec af gospbeyfg oc

EBP HQOG `lriet.

Wmf Ablknfg EBP‟s erf usfg tl gospbey tmf gete ` rli tmf iubtopbf octfrceb teabfs es

l

sfpe retf ablkn oc t mf lutput. 

Wmf stecgerg EBP gos pbey @uc ktol c ilg ubfs 'QFV[F\EBP\ABLK N\BO[W \OCOW' os usfg tl oco toeboz f tmf go``f rfct ablkns oc tmf lutput.



'QFV[F\EBP\ABLKN\BO[W\ETTFCG' os usfg tl eppfcg tmf octfrceb teabfs es sfperetf ablkns.



'QFV[F\EBP\ABLKN\BO[W\ GO[TBE_‟ os usfg tl gospb ey tmf e ppfcgfg ablkns oc tmf lutput.

Wmf stecgerg EBP gospbey @ucktolc ilgubf 'QFV[F\EBP\MOFQ[FU\BO[W\GO[TBE_'

l

os us fg tl gos pbey tmf Mfe gfr & klrr fsplcg och ot fi gfteobs oc MOF QEQOKMEB ieccfr. 1;) Xmet erf tmf weys tl plpu betf @ ofbg Keteblh ecg wmok m lcf gl yl u prf`fr< Ecs : - Wmfr f erf tw l w eys tl pl pu bet f tm f @OBFG KE WEBLH . 5. Vsoc h EBP @uck to lc Ilgub f 'QFV[F\EBP\@ OFBGKEWEBLH\ IFQHF' // Clt Egvos eabf 1. Iecueb Tlpubetol c // Egvoseab f 5. [tfps t l Tlpub etf @of bg Keteblh usoch tm f @ucktolc Ilgubf:    

Gf`oc f Gete gokto lcery str ukt urf/Octfrceb teabf wotm t mf rfquorfg `ofbgs. Kebb EBP `uckto lc ilgu bf ”QFV[F\EBP\@OFBGKEWEBLH\IFQHF ‟ tl plpubetf `ofbg keteblh `r li tm f GGOK str uktu rf/Octfrceb teabf. Ilgo`y tmf sp fko`of g ` ofbg keteblh octfrceb teabf ”HW\@KEW‟ es pfr tmf spfko`oketolc o` rfquorfg. Tess tmf `obbfg `o fbg keteblh octfrceb te abf tl ec Fxplrt pereiftfr ”OW\@OFBGKEW‟ l` tmf EBP Gos pb ey ` uck to lc il gub fs.

[tfps tl Ocsfrt Alrg fr Bocf `lr 81 Kme rektfrs: Lckf tmf prlhrei os oc kmech f ilgf. Kbokn l c Vtoboto fs -3 [fttoc hs -3 Kmfkn tmf kmfkn alx ‒Glwcwergs-klipetoabf Bocf Bfchtm (81). Kbokn lc _fs aut tlc. Lcf rf g klbl r vfrtokeb alrg fr bocf os ocsfrtfg et 81 kmerektfrs plso tolc .

   

1. [tfps t l Tlpub etf @of bg Keteblh Iecuebby:  

Tlpubetf @of bg Keteblh Octfrceb teabf wotm t mf rfquorfg `ofbg vebufs. Tess t mf plpu betfg @ofbg Ke teblh Octfrceb t eabf tl ec fxplrt pereiftf r l` EBP gospbey `ucktolc ilgubf.

17) Os ot pls soabf tl gfvfblp t mf EBP rfplrt s wotm lut pl pubetoc h lr usoc h ecy @ OFBG KEW EBLH< QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

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[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Ecs : - _fs, Xf kec gfv fbl p.





Krfetf GGOK str uktu rf wotm t mf rfquorfg `o fbgs.



Fxtrekt tmf rfquorfg gete `rli tm



Tlpubetf tmf @oceb octfrceb t eabfs.

f gete aesf teabfs aesfg lc tmf hovfc ocpu t.

Vsf tmf `ucktolc ilgubf fotmfr ”QFV[F\EBP\HQOG\GO[TBE_‟ lr ”QFV[F\EBP\BO[W\GO[TBE_‟

tl gos pbey `oceb gete ay fxplrto ch GGOK struktur f ceif & tmf @oceb octfrceb teabf. 16) Xmet erf tmf go``frfct weys tl p lpu betf f vfcts oc EBP rfplrt< 5. Iecueb Tlpubetolc:   

Tlpubetf ec octfrceb teabf l` tmf typf ”sbos\t\fvfct‟ wotm tmf rfquorfg fvfcts & klrrfsplcgoch

gyceiok sua-rlutocf. Gf`ocf tmf gyceiok sua-rlutocf l` ec fvf ct wot m tm f rfquorfg `ucktolceboty. Tess tmf plp ubetfg fvf cts oc tfrceb teabf tl F xplr t, Oipl rt pereiftfrs l` ec EBP gosp bey `ucktolc ilgubf ”ot\fvfct‟.

1. Ay usoch EBP `ucktolc ilg ubf ‛ QFV[F\EB P\FPFCW\HFW:   

Ot os clt egvose abf sockf ot fxtrekts ebb tmf fvf cts & bllp o s rfquorfg. Wmf gyceiok sua-rlutocf `lr fekm fvfct kec af plpubetfg wotm oc tmf bllp l` fvfct octfrceb teabf. Tess tm f plpubetf fvfct octfrceb teabf tl ec fxplrt pereiftfr.

;. Wmf ke bb aekn fxplr t pereiftfr kec ebsl af usfg tl spfko` fvfcts oc EBP gospbey `ucktolc ilgubf.

y tmf gyceiok s ua -rlutoc f ceif l` EBP

10) Fxpbeoc tm f stfps tl prlvo gf mfegochs ecg blh l oc EBP rfplrts < (Lr) [tfps tl w lrn w otm ec EBP fvfct WLT\ L@\TEHF< Ecs : 

Vsf ec EBP fvfct ”WLT\L@\TEHF‟ wotm tmf klrrfsplcgoch gyceiok suarlutocf ceif

octl ec octfrceb teabf 

Tlpubetf tmf rfquorfg mfegfr gete octl ec oct

frceb teabf l` tmf typf (sbos\t\bost

\mfegfr)

oc aftwffc tmf gf `ocotolc l ` gyceiok suar lutocf. 

Vsf tmf EBP @ucktolc ilgubf ”QFV[F\EBP\KLIIFCWEQ_\XQOWF‟ tl gospbey tmf

Tlpubetfg mfegfr e cg Bl hls. 18) Mlw tl prlvogf kustli @ucktolc (T usm) Auttlc eblch wotm [ystfi hfcfre tfg @ucktolcs oc EBP< (Lr) Mlw tl egg pu sm auttl cs tl EBP< (Lr) [tfps tl wl rn wo tm T@ [WEWV[ [FW oc EB P< Ecs : 

Klpy tmf systf i prlvogfg hfcfrok `ucktolcs/pusm auttl

cs `rli tm f stecge rg prlhr ei

”[ETB[EBP ‟ & tmf stetus : [WECGEQG octl ku stl i prl hrei & ifcu stetu s usoc h [F75. 

Egg eggotolceb kustlifr spfko`ok ”pusm auttlcs‟ tl tmf klpofg ifcu stetus.

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;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

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

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Vsf ec EBP fvfct ”T@\[WEWV[\[FW‟ & kebb tmf klpofg ifcu stetus wotm oc t mf gyceiok sua

rlu to cf l ` T@\[WEWV[\[FW. 

Kebb tmf klpofg ifcu stetus usoch tmf EAET stetfifct ”[FW\T@\[WEWV[‟.

1=) Mlw tl mecgbf Octfrektovf @ucktol ceboty< (Gluab f Kbokn) 

Ec oc tfr ekt ov f `uc ktol ceb ot y kec af pr lv og fg w ot m o c t mf gycei ok su a-rl ut oc f l` ec EBP Fvfct V[FQ\KLIIECG.



Trlvogf tmf octfre ktovf `ucktol ceboty sukm es tl gospbey ecltmfr EBP grobb glw ecltmfr prlhrei wmfc tmf pus



c rfplrt/ke bb

m auttl cs erf sfbf ktfg.

Wmf `ucktol c klgf `lr tmf gl uabf kbokn oc EBP rfplrts os ”&OK5 ‟ ecg oc Octfrektovf kbessokeb rfplrt oc ”TOKN ‟.

1?). Mlw tl keptu rf sfbf ktfg rlw s oc EB P lutput (lr) Xmet erf tmf stfps tl hft sfbfktf Octf rektovf `ucktolceboty aesfg lc

g rlws oc tm f cfxt grobb glwc bost oc EBP ( lr) tmf sfbf ktfg rlws <

Ecs:     

Egg [o ch bf Kmer ekt fr ` ofb g t l t mf B eylut . Tess AL] sochb f kmerektfr `obfg ceif tl tm f beylut. Tess plp ubetfg Bey lut tl EBP gospbey `uck tolc i lgubfs. Klpy `oceb octfrceb teabf octl tfiplrery octfrceb teabf. Gfbftf clc-sfbfktfg fctrofs `rli t fiplrery oct frceb teabf.

;;). Xmet e rf stfps tl gosp bey fekm rlw o c go`` frfct klblr s oc EBP rfplrt< Ecs:   

Egg 7 Kmer ekt fr ` ofb g t l tm f `o ceb oc tfr ceb tea bf ` lr i w mo km tm f gete s ml ub g af g os pb eyfg. Tlpubetf klblr klgf gyceiokebby. Tess klblr klgf `ofbg ceif tl tmf `o fbg ”oc`l\`ofbgceif‟ l` tmf beylut.

;7). Mlw tl gos pbey Wre ``o k bohmt s oc EBP Q fplrt < Ecs:   

Egg 7 km erekt fr ` ofb g t l t mf ` oc eb o ct frc eb teabf. Tlpubetf tre ``ok b ohmts aesf g lc tmf stetus. Tlpubetf @of bg Keteblh wotm tr e``ok bohm ts `ofbg ceif.

;4) Fxpbeoc ealut s lif l` tmf usf`ub typ fs wotm wm okm ylu m evf wlr nfg oc [BO[ Wypf Hrlup . Ecs : @ofbg Ceif Gfskroptol c Wea ceif @oceb Octfrc eb Ceif Wea ocgfx Ocgfx cl. l` tmf sfbfktfg rfklrg oc tmf `oceb octfrceb teabf . Pebuf [fbfktfg `ofbg vebuf QLMOCO NVIEQ

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@ofbg ceif

@ofbg ceif l` e sfbfktfg rlw

;5). Fxpbeoc slif usf`ub typfs oc tmf typf hrlup ”[BO[‟< Ecs: O. OO. OOO. OP. P. PO. POO. POOO.

[BO[\W\@OFBGKEW\EBP : Ot os usfg tl `lriet tmf klbu ics oc EBP rfplrt s sukm es Tlpubetf klbuic mfegochs, Fgot tmf klbu ics, Gospbey me cg syialbs. [BO[\BE_L VW\EBP: Ot os usfg tl `lriet tmf fctorf beylut oc EBP rfplrt s sukm es gospb ey gete oc go` `frf ct kl blrs. Ocstfe g l ` `l riet stetfif ct w f usf beylut. [BO[\W\\FPFCW: Ot os usfg tl pl pu betf ec EBP fvfct. [BO[\W\\BO[W\MFEGFQ: Ot os usfg tl gosp bey tmf Bost Mfegochs & Blh ls oc EBP. [BO[\W\\F]WEA: Ot os usfg tl plpubetf tmf `uck tol c klg fs l` tmf pusm auttl cs tl af mogg fc oc EBP rf plrt/lutput. [BO[\W\\[FB@OFBG: Ot os usfg tl kepturf tmf sfbfktfg rlw/boc f vebuf oc EBP . [BO[\NF_OC@L\EBP: Ot os usfg tl pl pub etf tmf nfy `ofbg‟s oc`l rietolc tl gospbey Mf egfr & tmf klrrfsp lcg och Otfi gete oc M ofrerkmokeb EBP. [BO[\W\[LQW\OC@L: Ot os usfg tl prlvog f sua tltebs & hrecg tltebs oc EBP rfplrt .

;1) Xmet e rf tmf typfs l` If ilro fs, fxpbeoc ealut t mfi< Ecs : - Wmf Ifil ry kl ck fpt os us fg t l ekk fss tm f gete ekr ls s t mf o ct frc eb lr Fxtfrc eb [fs so lc s. 

Wmfrf e rf 1 typfs l` ifilrofs. 5. [ET Ifilry: - Ot os usfg tl ekkfss tmf gete `rli l cf sfssol c tl ecltmfr sfssolc tmr luh m Tereif tfr OG lr Ifilry OG. 

Wmf EA ET stet fifcts [FW TEQEIFWFQ OG ecg HFW TEQEIF WFQ OG erf u sfg tl wl rn wotm tmf [E T ifilry.



[FW TEQEIFWFQ OG os usfg tl pess tm f `ofbg vebuf `r li ec eppboketolc prl hrei oc tl t mf spfko`o fg [ET Ifilry OG lr Tereif tfr OG.



HFW TEQEIFWFQ OG os usfg tl hft tm f gete `rli tmf spfko` ofg ifilr y OG lr



Tereiftfr O G octl `o bfg l` ec eppboketol c prl hrei. Wmf Tereiftfr OG‟s erf ieocteocfg et Gete Fbfifct bfvfb ucgfr @urtmfr Kmerektfrostoks.

1. EAET ifilry: - Ot os usfg tl ekkfss tmf gete e krls s octfrc eb sfssolcs. Wmf EAET stetfifcts OITL QW & F]TLQW erf usfg t l w lrn w otm tmf EA ET Ifilry. 

Wmf OITLQW stetfifct os usfg tl oipl rt tm f gete `rl i tmf spfko` ofg ifilry OG oct l gete veroeabf.

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

Wmf F]TLQW stetfifct os usfg tl fxplrt tmf gete octl tmf spfko` ofg ifilry OG `rli t mf prlhrei.

;6) Kec wf pb ekf Ilrf tmec l cf sfbfktolc skrffc Fbfifct oc l cf bocf, O` _f s, Mlw< Ecs : - _fs. [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC AFHOC L@ BOCF. * Bos t l` TEQEIFWFQ[ [FBFKWOLC-[KQFFC FCG L@ BOCF.

;0) Mlw tl pb ekf tmf T V[M autt lcs (@uckt olc n fys) lc [fbf ktol c [krffcs< Ecs: - Qfquorfifct : Wmrff auttlcs gospbey, kmechf, krfetf tl af krfetfg eblch wotm tmfor rfspfktovf oklcs lc tmf sfbfktolc skrffc.

[tfps tl af `lbblwfg: [tfp5 : Krfe tf prlhr ei oc [F;= wotm slif ifecoch`ub gfskropt olc.

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[tfp1 : Krfe tf e sfbf ktolc skrffc wotm twl lr tmrff `ofbgs.

Xrotf tmf afblw klgf oc tmf prl

hrei e`tfr tmf ealvf sfbf ktolc skrffc stetfifct.

Xrotf tmf afblw klgf oc tmf prl

hrei oc tm f Ocotoebozetolc fvfct.

Fxfkutf tmf rfplrt ecg ylu w obb sff tmrff pusm au ttlc s lc tmf sfbfktolc skrffc es af blw.

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Clw tl mecgbf tmf auttlcs oc tmf prlhrei, `orst wf cffg tl krfetf e kustli HVO stetus klpofg `rli tmf stecgerg HVO es afblw

Q[[_[WGA& %\44 rf`fr tl tmf stecgerg HVO stetus.

Clw wf cff g tl egg tm f `ucktolc klgfs `lr t mf ealvf tmrff auttlcs kr fetfg lc tmf sfbfktolc sk rffc. @K45, @K41 ecg @K4; rf`fr tl tmf tmrff auttlcs wmokm wf mevf ektovetfg ealvf.

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Mfrf wf wobb egg tmf `ucktolc klgfs `lr tm f tmrff autt lcs. Wmfsf `uckt olc klg fs wobb a f kepturfg oc tmf systfi veroeabf [_ -VKLII `ofbg ecg tmos kec af usfg o c tmf prl hrei blh ok. @ucktolc klgf ”GO[T‟ os usfg mfrf `lr tmf `orst pusm auttlc (@K45), soioberby ”KMEC‟ ecg ”KQFE‟ `lr sfklcg ecg tmorg pusm auttlcs rfspfktovf by .

E` tfr fct fro ch tm f `u ck to lc kl gfs `l r eb b t mf p us m a ut tl cs ekt ov f tm f p` -st etu s. Clw klif aekn tl tmf prlhrei ecg wrotf tmf afblw klgf oc tmf EW [FB FKWOLC [KQFFC LVWTVW fvfct .

Clw fxf kutf tmf prlhr ei ecg ylu kec `ocg tmf afblw sfbfktolc skr ffc.

[uiiery: Oc tmos wey wf krfe tf auttlc s eblch wotm tm f oklcs lc tmf sfbfktolc skr

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ffc.

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Ilgu bf Tllb Trlhreiioc h/[kr ffc Teoctfr

Ilgubf Tllb Trlhr eiioch/[krffc Te oct fr Wmos klckfpt os usfg tl ieocteoc go``frfct typfs l` skrffcs & klrrfsplcgoch ` blw blho k.  Wmos klckfpt kl cteocs ieocby 1 perts.  Ilgubf pllb prlhrei  [krffc peoctfr 5) Xmet os tmf [ krffc T eoctfr ( Beylut) ecg f xpbeoc go` `frfct klipl cfcts oc skrffc peoctfr< 

Ecs: [kr ffc peoctfr: 

Ot os e tllb u sfg tl ieocteoc go``frfct typfs l` s



Wmf W-klgf [F 65 os usfg tl w lrn wo tm skr ffc peoctfr.

krff cs.

e) Clrieb skrffc:

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

Wmf clrieb/ ieoc skrff cs w mokm kec af kebbf g tmr luhm trecsektolc klgfs/usoch EAET stetfifct ”KEBB [KQFFC‟.

a) [ua skrffc:  Wmf sua skrffcs erf pert l` ieoc skr ffcs ( clrieb)  Wmf sua skrffc kec‟t af fxfkutfg ocgfpfcgfctby  Wmf `blw blhok EAET stetfifct ”KEBB [VA[KQFFC‟ os uufg tl kebb tmf sua skrffc erfes oc tm f clrieb skrffcs  Wmf pusm a uttlcs/ifcu stetus os clt plssoabf lc tm f sua skrffc  Ot os clt pl ssoabf tl kebb sua skrffc wotm oc t mf sua skrffc k) Ilgeb goeblh skrffc:  Ot os usfg tl plp ubetf /gospbey tmf ge te lc plp g oeblh alx wotm slif hfcf rok `ucktol cs ( W l gospbey oklcs et alttli) g) [fbfktol c skrffc:  Wmf sfbfktolc s krffc os rfsfrvfg `lr Qf plrt s/Fxfkuteabf prl hreis.  Wmf skrffc cuiafr 5444 os rfsfrvfg `lr sfbfktolc s krffc. 

Go``frfct Kliplc fcts/Fbf ifcts :5. Ettroautfs: Ot klcteocs tmf tfkmcokeb gfteobs l` tmf skrffc sukm erf typf l` tmf skrffc, cfxt skrffc cu iafr, peknehf ftk. 1. Fbfifct Bost : Ot klcteocs t mf skrffc f bfifcts, ettroaut fs & prlpfrtofs l` t mf skrffc fbfifcts oc tmf clrieb skrffc & sua skr ettroautfs, tfxts lr ocp

ffc & ettro autfs suk m erf hfcfreb

ut l utput tfipbetf s, spfkoe b ettroautfs, gospbey ettroautfs,

ilgo`oketolc hrlups. 

Ienf ec ocput bost es grlp g lwc bost ay sfbfktoch, lptolc ucgfr tmf tea ocput/lutput.



Wmos klip lcfct os u sfg tl ienf tmf skrffc fbf ifcts vos oabf, ocvosoa bf, kmechf tmf goifcsolcs ftk.



Wmf ilgo`oketolc hrlups

wmokm kec af usfg tl `lriet

tmf skrff c gyceiokebby erf

spfko`ofg ay usoch ilgo`oketolc hrlups. ;. @blw B lhok: 

Wmos kliplcfct os usfg tl

prlvogf tmf bocn aftwff c tmf ilgubf pllb

prlhrei & skrffcs. 

Ot kec e bsl a f usfg tl klctr lb tmf gete `blw aftwffc tmf skrffcs



Wmf skrffc rfbetfg EAET stetfifcts sukm erf ilgubfs, ILGVBF, KEBB [VA[KQFFC, KMEOC ftk. st etfif cts kec a f usfg o c `b lw blho k.

;. Beylut: Ot os usfg tl gfsohc tmf skrff cs wotm go``frfct skrff c fbfifcts e. Wfxt `ofbgs: Wl gf`ocf tmf tfxt `ofbgs `lr skrffc `ofbg beaf bs lc tmf skrffc. a. Ocput/lutput `ofbg: O t os usfg tl gf `ocf ocput/lutput `ofbgs lc tmf k. Kmfknalx: Wl gf`ocf tmf kmfkn alx lc tmf skrffc. g. Tusm auttlc: Ot os usfg tl gf `ocf tmf pusm auttlc l c tmf skrf fc.

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skrff c.

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f. Wea strop klctrlb : Ot os usfg tl gf `ocf tmf tea strop klctrlb tl wlrn wotm tmf go``frf

ct

suaerfes lc tm f skrffc. `.

Wea strop (wotm woz erg) : ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf te a strop klctrlb usoch tmf woze

rg.

h. [ua skrffc e rfe: Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf sua skrffc e rfes lc tmf ieoc skrrfc/lc tmf tea strop klctrl b. m. Weabf klctrlb: Ot os usfg tl gf

`ocf tmf teabf klctrlbs tl ieocteoc iubtopbf bocf

otfis

lr rfklrgs lc tm f skrff c. o.

Weabf klctrlb wotm woze rg: Ot os usf g tl gf`ocf tmf te abf klctrlbs usoch woze rgs.

j.

Kus tl i k lctr lb : Ot os us fg t l g f`o cf t mf ku stli kl ct rl bs oc tm f sk rffc s.

n. [tetus oklc: Ot os usfg tl gf `ocf tmf ste tus oklcs lc tm f skrf fc. b.

Alx: ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf alxfs erlucg skrffc fbfifcts oc tmf skrffcs.

1) Xmet erf tmf [krffc peoctfr ettro

aut fs<

Ecs: Wmfy erf us fg tl ieo ct eoc go `` frfct ett ro au tfs/s ftt oc hs l` e sk rffc fbfi fcts su km erf ` uc kt ol c klgf, `ucktolc typf, grlp glwc bost ftk. e) Grlp glwc: Wmf rf erf 1 typfs l` grlp glwc lptolcs O. Bost Alx: Wl bost lut lcby tmf vebuf s. OO. Bost alx wotm nfy : Wl bost lut tmf vebuf s wotm klrrfsplcgoch nf ys wmfc tmf grlp glwc oklc os prfssfg  Wmfrf iust af `lrfohc nfy rfbetol csmo p aftwffc vebuf & tfxt `ofbgs l` e tfxt teabf. a) Hrlups: Wmf y erf usfg tl spfko`y tmf re gol auttlc hrlup ceif lr ilgo`oketolc hrlup ceif . k) @KW klgf: @ucktolc klgf l` e pusm auttl cs lr ifcu otf is. g) Goktolcery Ettroautfs:  Ot os usfg tl ieocteoc tmf e ttroautfs l` tmf gete goktolcery lajfkts sukm erf te abf lr strukt urf `ofbgs.  [lif l` tmf gete gokt olcery la jfkts erf: getf `lriet, sfe rkm mfbp, klcv frsolc fxot ftk. f) Trlhrei Ettro autfs:  Ot os usfg tl ieocteoc tmf go``frfct e ttroautfs l` ocput l r lutpu t `ofbgs. O. Qfquorfg: Wl ienf tmf skrffc ocpu t `ofbg es iecgetlry OO. Tlssoab f: Ot os gf`eubt oklc tl ekkfpt tmf ocpu t vebufs et ruc toif. OOO. Clt plssoabf: Oc kesf l` tmos lptolc, ocput os clt plssoabf aut tmf `ofbg kec af usfg e s lutput `ofbg. OP. Qfkliifcgfg: Wl ienf tmf ocp ut `ofbg es lpto lceb. Wmf syial b qufsto lc iern os eppfe rfg oc tmf ocput lr lutput ` ofbg.  Kmfkn tmf kmfkn alx lut put l cby tl rfstrokt tmf ocp ut gete. P. Gospbey Ettroautfs: W l ieocteoc go``frfct ettroautfs sukm e rf ocvosoabf, lutput stybf s, 1G gospbey ftk.

;) Xmet os tmf go``frfckf aftwff c @blw Blho k ecg Ilgubf Tllb prlhrei< QLMOCO NVIEQ

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@blw Blh ok os usfg tl gf`o cf tmf @ blw B lhok l` t mf skrffc f bfifcts. W mf ilgu bfs erf usfg tl kliiucoketf wotm tmf Ilgubf Tllb Trlhrei.



Ilgubf Tllb Trlhrei os usfg tl gf`oc

f tmf ilgu bfs l` tmf @blw Blho k oc skrffcs. Wmf W-klgf

[F;=/[F=4 os usfg tl gfvfbl p & kr fetf tmf I.T .T. 

Ot kec m evf 7 Ockbu gf prl hrei s s ukm erf *WLT, *@45, *O45, *L45.

7) Xmet e rf tmf systfis hfcfretfg Ockbug

f prlhreis oc Ilg ubf Tllb prlh rei<

Ecs : - Wmfr f erf 7 Ockb ug f pr lh rei s o c i lg ub f pl lb prl hr eis . e) WLT Ockbug f: Ot os usfg tl gfkberf hblaeb gete

gfkberetolcs w mokm kec af ekkfssfg

ekrlss tmf skrffcs. a)

@45 Ockbug f: Ot os usfg tl gf`ocf tmf @LQI[ ([uar lut ocfs) wmo km kec af usfg oc ilgubf gf`ocotolcs.

k) L45 Ockbugf: Ot os u sfg tl g f`ocf tmf TAL ( Trlkfss Af`lrf Lutpu t) ilgub fs. g) O45 Ockbugf: Ot os u sfg tl g f`ocf tmf TEO ( Trlkfss E`tfr Ocp ut) ilg ubfs. 

Wmf ilg ubf pllb c eif 8 skrrfc prlh rei ceif iust a f soiober.

6) Xmet erf tmf fvfcts esslk oetfg wot m [krffc Te octfr< Ecs : - Wmf a fblw fvfc ts er f us fg o c t mf ITT. 5. TQLKF[[ AF@LQF LVWTVW (TAL): 

Wmos fvfct os trohhfrfg af`lrf tmf skrffc os gospbeyfg.



Ot kec ebsl af trohhfrfg wmobf pfr`lrioch ecy ektolc lc tmf skrffc.



Wmos os u sfg tl p rlvogf tmf gf`eubt vebufs tl tmf s



Ot kec ebsl af usfg tl `lr iet tmf skrffc fbfif cts g yceiokebby.

krff c ` ofbgs.

1. TQLKF[[ E@WFQ OCTVW (TEO): 

Wmos fvfct os trohh frfg e`tfr tm f Ocput vebufs e rf prlvo gfg tl tmf skrffc.



Wmos fvfct os usfg tl vebogetf tmf ocput g



Ot kec e bsl a f usfg tl prlkfss tm f skrff c gete ae sfg lc tmf pfr`lr ifg ektolc

ete lc tm f skrff cs.

(prfssf g pusm auttlc ifcu otfi ftk) ;. TQLKF[[ LC MFBT-QFUVF[W (TLM):    

Wmos fvf ct os trohhfrfg wmfc tmf `ucktol c nfy @5 lr mfbp oklc ( t mf l ut pu t ` rl i OGLK o s l at eoc fg a y rfegoc h t mf g ete stlrfg oc ots rfspfktovf sfhifcts. U) Mlw g l wf hfc fretf OGL K oc [ET< Ecs: Wmf ` uc kt ol c i lg ub f IE[WFQ\OGLK\GO[WQOA VWF os us fg t l h fcfret f tm f OGLK oc t mf k us tl i rfplrt

U) Qfquorfifct: Ebb t mf stugfcts gete wobb af krfetfg oc =44 kbofct ecg seif wobb a f sfcg tl =54 kbofct usoc h OGLK[. [tfps tl af gl cf oc =44 kbofct

Blhoc t l =44 kbofct ecg gl `lbblw och. 5. Krfetf e teabf (kbofct gfpfcgfct) : [F55 1. Krfetf sfhifcts : XF;5 QLMOCO NVIEQ

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;. Krfetf OGLK typf : XF;4 7. Krfetf ifssehf typf : XF=5 6. Essohc ifssehf typf tl OGLK typf: XF=1 0. Gf`ocf blhokeb systfi : [EBF 8. Essohc blhokeb systfi tl kbofct. =. Krfetf Q@K gfstocetolc : [I6? ?. Krfetf plrt : XF15 54. Kmfkn pertcfr prl`obfs : XF14 55. Krfetf lutalucg prlhrei. [tfps tl af gl

cf oc =5 4(W erhft [ystfi

) kbofct.

5. Krfetf e teabf (kbofct gfpfcgfct). 1. Krfetf sfhifcts. ;. Krfetf OGLK typf. 7. Krfetf ifssehf typf. 6. Essohc ifssehf typf tl OGLK typf. 0. Gf`ocf blhokeb systfi. 8. Essohc blhokeb systfi tl kbofct. =. Krfetf ocalucg `ucktolc ilgubf [F;8. ?. Qfhostfr `ucktolc ilgubf kmerektfrostoks. 54. Essohc `ucktolc ilgubf tl ifssehf ecg OGLK typf. 55. Krfetf prlkfss klgf XF71. 51. Kmfkn pertcfr prl`obfs `lr ocalucg.

5. Krfetf e teabf (kbo fct gfpfcg fct). ‛ [F55 : Z[WVGFCW ecg kb okn lc k rfetf 1. Krfetf sfhifcts. - XF;5 : prlvog f sfhifct es Z[ WVGFCW ecg k bokn lc k rfetf Hl tl t-klgf XF;5, prlvogf es sfhifct Z[WVGFCW ecg kbokn lc krfetf. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Just kbokn fctfr o` ylu `ocg ecy oc`lrietolc ifssehf ecg egg `ofbgs es afblw.

[evf ot oc e blkeb lajfkt.

;. Krfetf OGLK typf. Hl tl XF;4, prlvogf ceif es Z[WVGFCW ecg kbokn lc krfetf

Trlvogf gfskroptolc ecg prfss fctfr. QLMOCO NVIEQ

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QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

[fbfkt Z[WVGFCW ecg kbokn lc krfetf.

Trlvogf e sfhifct ceif (wmokm wf mevf krfetfg oc stfp1), iexoiui ecg iocoiui cuiafrs ecg fctfr.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

[evf ot oc e blkeb lajfkt.

7. Krfetf ifssehf typf. H l tl t-klgf XF =5 ecg kbokn lc km echf oklc.

Trlvogf ifssehf t ypf es Z[W VGFCW ecg gfskr opto lc.

6. Esso hc ifs seh f typf tl OGLK ty pf. Hl tl t-klgf XF= 1, kbokn l c kmechf ecg kbo kn lc c fw fctrofs. Trlvogf ifssehf t ypf, OG LK typf ecg rfbfesf es afblw.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

[evf ot oc e trecsplrt rfqufst.

0. Gf`oc f blhokeb systfi. Wmos os tmf ilst klc` usoch stfp oc EBF klc`ohuretolcs, try tl uc

gfrste cg kerf`ubby.

Xmet os blhokeb systfi< 'Blhokeb systfi' os usfg tl ogfcto`y e c ocgovogu eb kbofct oc e systfi, `lr EBF kliiucoketolc aftwffc [ET systfis. Wmet's wmy ylu sff e `ofbg `lr ”bl hokeb systfi‟ oc tmf kbofct iestfr gete oc [K K7 (teabf W 444). _lu usf blhok eb systfis oc EBF klc`oh uretolc - tmos sml ubg a f glku ifctfg `urt mfr oc tmf OI H huogf, lr [ EBF trecsektolc . Af`lrf krfetoch e blhokeb systfi pbfesf `lbblws afblw stfps.

Oc e aboc g wey blhok eb systfi essohcfg oc terhft syst [mlubg af oc blhokeb systfi gf`ocotolc oc s

fi kbofct (oc lur fxeipbf =5 4 kbofct)

lurkf kbofct.

[tfp5: Hl tl terh ft systfi( Oc lu r fxeipbf =5 4 kbofct). (Hft blhok eb systfi `rli t -klgf [EBF -3Aesok [fttochs -3Blhok eb [ystfis -3 e ssohc blho keb systfi tl kbo fct -3 =54 (glu abf kbokn ecg k lpy bl hokeb syst fi)).

QLMOCO NVIEQ

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QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

[tfp1: tl [EBF. FxpecgHl aesok sfttoc hs -3 gf`ocf blho keb systfi.

Kmfkn `lr bl hokeb syst fi fxostfckf (wmokm w f hft `rli =54 kbofct) o` ot os t mfrf, cl cff g tl egg, o` ot o s clt tmfrf egg ot. 8. Esso hc bl ho keb syst fi t l k bo fct . @lr clw snop tmos .

=. Krfetf Q@K gfstocetolc. Hl tl W-klgf [I6?, sfbfkt EAET klccfktolcs ecg kbokn lc krfetf.

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;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Trlvogf Q@K gfstocetolc, gfskroptolc, mlstceif ecg systfi cuiafr.

Kbokn lc blhlc ecg sfkuroty tea, prlvogf kbofct, usfr ceif, pesswlrg ecg sevf.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Kbokn lc klccfktolc tfst tl tfst klccfktolc.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Kbokn lc rfiltf blhlc tl blhlc tl rfiltf kbofct (ylu wobb hl tl =54 kbofct).

[tfp?: Krfetf TLQW oc XF15. Hl tl t-klgf XF15, sfbfkt trecsektolceb Q@K ecg kbokn lc krfetf.

[fbfkt hfcfretf plrt ceif ecg fctfr.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Trlvogf Q@K gfstocetolc, wmokm wf krfetfg oc stfp=.

[evf.

54. Kmfkn pertcfr p rl`ob fs oc XF14 . Hl tl XF14, fxpecg pertcfr typf blhokeb systfi ecg sferkm `lr blhokeb systfi (Hft blhokeb systfi `rli t-klgf [EBF -3Aesok [fttochs -3Blhokeb [ystfis -3 essohc blhokeb systfi tl kbofct -3 =54 (gluabf kbokn ecg klpy blhokeb systfi)).

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

O` blhokeb systfi os ebrfegy eveobeabf oc pertcfr prl`obfs oc XF14, wf glcdt cffg tl krfetf pertcfr prl`obf eheoc ocstfeg wf wobb egg ifssehf typf et lut alucg pereiftfrs bfvfb. Oc iy kesf, blhokeb systfi os ebrfegy eveobeabf oc pertcfr prl`obfs sl O wobb egg Z[WVGFCW ifssehf typf tl ot. Wl egg ifssehf typf, sfbfkt blhokeb systfi, kbokn lc egg oklc (sff afblw oiehf).

Trlvogf ifssehf typf, rfkfovfr plrt (wmokm wf mevf krfetfg oc stfp?), sfbfkt trecs`fr OGLK oiifgoetfby, aesok typf ecg sevf.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

O` blhokeb systfi os clt eveobeabf oc pertcfr prl`obf oc XF14, sfbfkt pertcfr typf blhokeb systfi ecg kbokn lc krfetf. Trlvogf pertcfr cl es W?4KBCW=54 (Hft blhokeb systfi `rli t-klgf [EBF -3Aesok [fttochs -3 Blhokeb [ystfis -3 essohc blhokeb systfi tl kbofct -3 =54 (gluabf kbokn ecg klpy blhokeb systfi). [evf ecg egg ifssehf typf et lut alucg pertcfr bfvfb.

[tfps tl af glcf oc =54 (Werhft [ystfi) kbofcts. Klctocuf 5 tl 8 stfps es seif es =44 kbofct.

5. 1. ;. 7. 6.

Krfetf e teabf (kbo fct gfpfcg fct). Krfetf sfhifcts. Krfetf OGLK typf. Krfetf i fssehf typf. Esso hc ifs seh f typf tl OGLK ty pf.

0. Gf`oc f blhokeb systfi. 8. Esso hc bl ho keb syst fi t l k bo fct . =. Krfetf ocalu cg `uc ktolc ilgu bf [F;8. Fvfry ocalucg OGLK wobb mevf prlkfss klgf, fvfry prlkfss klgf os esslkoetfg wotm e ocalucg prlkfss fx: @ucktolc Ilgubf lr Xlrn @blw Wesn. @lbblw afblw stfps tl krfetf ocalucg `ucktolc ilgubf.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

5. Krfetf e `ucktolc hrlup oc [F=4. 1. Klpy @ucktolc ilgubf OGLK\OCTVW\IEWIE[45. ;. Egg ylur lwc klgf. [tfp5: Hl tl [F=4, sfbfkt `ucktolc hrlup, prlvogf e ceif Z[WVGFCW\OGLK, fctfr.

[evf ecg ektovetf `ucktolc hrlup. [tfp1: Hl tl [F;8, prlvogf `ucktolc ilgubf ceif es OGLK\OCTVW\IEWIE[45, kbokn lc klpy, prlvogf `ucktolc ilgubf ceif es `ucktolc hrlup ecg fctfr.

[tfp;:Egg ylur lwc klgf oc `ucktolc ilgubf. Hl tl [f;8, prlvogf ceif es Z[ETC\OGLK\OCTVW\[WVGFCW, ecg kbokn lc kmechf. Qfilvf ebb klgf ecg egg afblw klgf.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

@VCKWOLC Z[ETC\OGLK\OCTVW\[WVGFCW. *"---------------------------------------------------------------------*"*"Blkeb Octfr`ekf: *"

OITLQWOCH

*"

PEBVF(OCTVW\IFWMLG) BONF

*"

PEBVF(IE[[\TQLKF[[OCH) BONF

*"

PEBVF(CL\ETTBOKEWOLC\BLH) BONF

*"

PEBVF(IE[[[EPFOC@L[) BONF

*"

AGX@ET\TEQ-IE[[\TQLK [_-GEWEQ LTWOLCEB

IE[[[EPOC@ [WQVKWVQF

PEBVF(NZ\WF[W) BONF

*"

PEBVF(LCB_\IETTOCH) BONF

IGEW5-NZ\WF[W GF@EVBW [TEKF IGEW5-NZ\WF[W GF@EVBW [TEKF

F]TLQWOCH

*"

PEBVF(XLQN@BLX\QF[VBW) BONF

*"

PEBVF(ETTBOKEWOLC\PEQOEABF) BONF

*"

PEBVF(OC\VTGEWF\WE[N) BONF

*" *"

AGX@\TEQEI-QF[VBW AGX@\TEQEI-ETTB\PEQ

AGX@ET\TEQ-VTGEWFWE[N

PEBVF(KEBB\WQEC[EKWOLC\GLCF) BONF

AGX@ET\TEQ-KEBBWQEC[

WEABF[

*"

OGLK\KLCWQB [WQVKWVQF

*"

OGLK\GEWE [WQVKWVQF

*"

OGLK\[WEWV[ [WQVKWVQF

*"

QFWVQC\PEQOEABF[ [WQVKWVQF

*"

[FQOEBOZEWOLC\OC@L [WQVKWVQF

*" *"

IE[[[EPOC@

LTWOLCEB

*"

*"

AGX@ET\TEQ-OCTVWIFWMG

FGOGK

FGOGG AGOGLK[WEW AGX@QFWPEQ AGO\[FQ

F]KFTWOLC[ XQLCH\@VCKWOLC\KEBBFG

*"---------------------------------------------------------------------[LQW OGLK\GEWE A_ GLKCVI. [LQW OGLK\KLCWQB A_ GLKCVI. GEWE : W\FGOGG

W_TF [WECGEQG WEABF L@ FGOGG,

"Gete Qfklrg

W\FGOGK

W_TF [WECGEQG WEABF L@ FGOGK,

"Klctrlb Qfklrg

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

W\FGOG[

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

W_TF [WECGEQG WEABF L@ AGOGLK[WEW.

"[tetus Qfklrg

*----------*Hblaeb Xlrn Erfe Gfkberetolcs * ------------------------* GEWE : X\FGOGK

BONF FGOGK,

X\FGOGG

W_TF FGOGG,

X\FGOG[

W_TF AGOGLK[WEW.

GEWE: X\OGLK\GEWE W_TF FGOGG. GEWE : B\OCG] W_TF [_WEAO]. GEWE: OW\[WVGFCW W_TF WEABF L@ Z[WVGFCW. GEWE : XE\[WVGFCW W_TF Z[WVGFCW. GEWE : FQQLQ\IF[[EHF W_TF [WQOCH. GEWE : W\[WVGFCW[ W_TF WEABF L@ Z[WVGFCW[. GEWE : X\[WVGFCW[ W_TF Z[WVGFCW[. GEWE : FQQLQ\@BH W_TF KMEQ5. * Hl tmrluhm ebb OGlks BLLT EW OGLK\KLCWQB. KBFEQ X\FGOGK. X\FGOGK 9 OGLK\KLCWQB. QFEG WEABF OGLK\GEWE OCWL X\OGLK\GEWE XOWM NF_ GLKCVI 9 OGLK\KLCWQB-GLKCVI AOCEQ_ [FEQKM. O@ [_-[VAQK 9 4. B\OCG] 9 [_-WEAO]. BLLT EW OGLK\GEWE @QLI B\OCG]. O@ OGLK\GEWE-GLKCVI 9 OGLK\KLCWQB-GLKCVI. ETTFCG OGLK\GEWE WL W\FGOGG. KBFEQ OGLK\GEWE. FB[F. QFWVQC. FCGO@. FCGBLLT. FB[F. KLCWOCVF. FCGO@. [LQW W\FGOGG.

KBFEQ X\FGOGG. BLLT EW W\FGOGG OCWL X\FGOGG. O@ X\FGOGG-[FHCEI 9 'Z[WVGFCW'. KBFEQ XE\[WVGFCW. QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

XE\[WVGFCW 9 X\FGOGG-[GEWE. O@ XE\[WVGFCW O[ CLW OCOWOEB. ETTFCG XE\[WVGFCW WL OW\[WVGFCW. FCGO@. KLCWOCVF. FCGO@. FCGBLLT. O@ OW\[WVGFCW O[ CLW OCOWOEB. "o` gete os tmfrf oc sfhfifct BLLT EW OW\[WVGFCW OCWL XE\[WVGFCW. ILPF-KLQQF[TLCGOCH XE\[WVGFCW WL X\[WVGFCW[. ILGO@_ Z[WVGFCW[ @QLI X\[WVGFCW[. "upgetf gete aesf teabf O@ [_-[VAQK 23 4. FQQLQ\@BH 9 ']'. FQQLQ\IF[[EHF 9 'Frrlr lkkurfg oc upgetoch Z[WVGFCW teabf'. FCGO@. FCGBLLT. FCGO@. O@ FQQLQ\@BH 9 ']'. "egg frrlr stetus tl OGLK OGLK\[WEWV[-[WEWV[ 9 '65'. OGLK\[WEWV[-GLKCVI 9 X\FGOGK-GLKCVI. OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HW_

9 'F'.

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HOG

9 '44'.

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HCL

9 ';?='.

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HP5

9 FQQLQ\IF[[EHF+4(16). "t\rfturc\fki-ifssehf

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HP1

9 FQQLQ\IF[[EHF+16(16).

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HP;

9 FQQLQ\IF[[EHF+64(16).

OGLK\[WEWV[-I[HP7

9 FQQLQ\IF[[EHF+86(16).

KBFEQ FQQLQ\IF[[EHF. ETTFCG OGLK\[WEWV[ WL KBFEQ OGLK\[WEWV[

OGLK\[WEWV[ .

.

fbsf. "egg sukkfss stetus tl OGLK OGLK\[WEWV[-[WEWV[ 9 '6;'. OGLK\[WEWV[-GLKCVI 9 X\FGOGK-GLKCVI. ETTFCG OGLK\[WEWV[ WL KBFEQ OGLK\[WEWV[

OGLK\[WEWV[ .

.

FCGO@. FCGBLLT. QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

FCG@VCKWOLC.

[evf ecg ektovetf.

?. Qfhostfr `u cktolc ilgubf kmerektfrostoks. Hl tl AG65, kbokn lc kmechf ecg kbokn lc cfw fctrofs.

OIT Cltf: O` ylu glcdt `ocg kmechf oklc lr o` ylu `ocg e ifssehf bonf Ë¢á‚¬Îś_lu erf clt ebblwfg tl krlss kbofct kustliozetolcˢႬᖢ blh lc tl =44 kbofct ecg gl tmos stfp. Egg ec fctry es afblw.

[evf ot oc e trecsplrt rfqufst.

54. Essohc `u ckto lc ilg ubf tl ifssehf e cg OGL K typf. Hl tl XF68, kbokn lc kmechf ecg cfw fctrofs.

OIT Cltf: O` ylu glcdt `ocg kmechf oklc lr o` ylu `ocg e ifssehf bonf Ë¢á‚¬Îś_lu erf clt ebblwfg tl krlss kbofct kustliozetolcˢႬᖢ blh lc tl =44 kbofct ecg gl tmos stfp.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

[evf ot oc e trecsplrt rfqufst.

55. Krfetf pr lkfss klg f XF71. Hl tl XF71, kbokn lc kmechf ecg kbokn lc cfw fctrofs. Trlvogf e prlkfss klgf, gfskroptolcs.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Kbokn [evf, krfetf e trecsplrt rfqufst. [fbfkt `ucktolc ilgubf `rli grlp glwc ecg sevf ot oc trecsplrt rfqufst.

51. Kmf kn pertcfr prl`obfs `l r ocal ucg. Hl tl XF14, fxpecg blhokeb systfi ecg sfbfkt blhokeb systfi(Hft blhokeb systfi `rli t-klgf [EBF -3Aesok [fttochs -3Blhokeb [ystfis -3 essohc blhokeb systfi tl kbofct -3 =44 (gluabf kbokn ecg klpy blhokeb systfi)). Kbokn lc egg oklc ucgfr ocalucg pereiftfrs.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Egg fctrofs es afblw.

[evf.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Wfstoch tmf gfvfblpifct @lbblw tmf afblw stfps tl tfst tmf ealvf gfvfblpifct. 5. Krfetf fctrofs oc Z[WVGFCW[ teabf oc =44 kbofct. 1. Krfetf lutalucg prlhrei. ;. Fxfkutf tmf prlhrei ecg sfcg stugfcts `rli =44 tl =54 kbofcts. Krfetf fctrofs oc =44 kbofct. Hl tl [F55, prlvogf ceif es Z[WVGFCW[ ecg kbokn lc gospbey. Hl tl utobotofs -3 teabf fctrofs -3 krfetf fctrofs.

[oioberby egg slif ilrf fctrofs. Hl tl [F;=, krfetf e prlhrei tl sfcg stugfcts tl =54 kbofct.

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

Krfetf e prlhrei wotm ceif Z[ETC\[FCG\[WVGFCW[ ecg egg afblw klgf. QFTLQW

Z[FCG\[WVGFCW[.

GEWE: Z[WVGFCW[ W_TF WEABF L@ Z[WVGFCW[. GEWE : XE\[WVGFCW[ W_TF Z[WVGFCW[.

W_TF[ : AFHOC L@ W_\Z[WVGFCW. "[WQVKWVQF @LQ [FHIFCW GEWE OCKBVGF [WQVKWVQF Z[WVGFCW. W_TF[ : FCG L@ W_\Z[WVGFCW. GEWE : Z[WVGFCW W_TF W_\Z[WVGFCW. GEWE: AFHOC L@ W\FGOGG LKKVQ[ 4. OCKBVGF [WQVKWVQF FGOGG. GEWE: FCG L@ W\FGOGG.

GEWE: AFHOC L@ @\FGOGK. OCKBVGF [WQVKWVQF FGOGK. GEWE: FCG L@ @\FGOGK.

GEWE: AFHOC L@ W\FGOGK LKKVQ[ 4. OCKBVGF [WQVKWVQF FGOGK. GEWE: FCG L@ W\FGOGK. [FBFKW-LTWOLC[: [\[WG @LQ XE\[WVGFCW[-[WVGFCW\OG.

[WEQW-L@-[FBFKWOLC. [FBFKW * @QLI Z[WVGFCW[ OCWL WEABF Z[WVGFCW[ XMFQF [WVGFCW\OG OC [\[WG. BLLT EW Z[WVGFCW[ OCWL XE\[WVGFCW[. "sfcg stugfcts lc fay lcf ILPF-KLQQF[TLCGOCH XE\[WVGFCW[ WL Z[WVGFCW. KBFEQ W\FGOGG. W\FGOGG-[FHCEI 9 'Z[WVGFCW'. "sfhifct ceif W\FGOGG-[GEWE

9 Z[WVGFCW. "OGLK gete rfklrg

ETTFCG W\FGOGG. * @obb klctrlb rfklrg KBFEQ @\FGOGK. @\FGOGK-IF[W_T 9 'Z[WVGFCW'.

"Ifssehf typf

@\FGOGK-GLKW_T 9 'Z[WVGFCW'.

"OGLK typf

@\FGOGK-QKPTQW 9 'B['.

"Tertcfr typf

@\FGOGK-QKPTQC 9 'W?4KBCW=54'. QLMOCO NVIEQ

"Qfkfovfr pertcfr ;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

KEBB @VCKWOLC 'IE[WFQ\OGLK\GO[WQOAVWF' F]TLQWOCH IE[WFQ\OGLK\KLCWQLB

9 @\FGOGK

"33333

9 W\FGOGK

"22222

9 W\FGOGG

"33333

WEABF[ KLIIVCOKEWOLC\OGLK\KLCWQLB IE[WFQ\OGLK\GEWE F]KFTWOLC[ FQQLQ\OC\OGLK\KLCWQLB

9 5

FQQLQ\XQOWOCH\OGLK\[WEWV[

9 1

FQQLQ\OC\OGLK\GEWE

9 ;

[FCGOCH\BLHOKEB\[_[WFI\VCNCLXC 9 7 LWMFQ[

9 6.

KLIIOW XLQN. KBFEQ : XE\[WVGFCW[, Z[WVGFCW. QF@QF[M : W\FGOGG. FCGBLLT.

Fxfkutf tmf ealvf prlhrei ecg prlvogf stugfcts ogs tl sfcg. Clw hl tl XF4? ecg kmfkn stetus oc =44 kbofct. Hl tl =54 kbofct ecg kmfkn teabf Z[WVGFCW[ `lr fctrofs(fctrofs smlubg af krfetfg).

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

TQLJFKW

QLMOCO NVIEQ

;+ OCWFQPOXF UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

QLMOCO NVIEQ

[ET EAET OCWFQPOFX UVF[WOLC ECG EC[XFQ

TQLJFKW 5) Xmet os [ystfi Becgskepf< Ecs: Bec gs kep f os ec err ech fifc t l` sfr vfr s. e) Gfvfblp ifct systfi: O t os ec fcvorlc ifct wmfrf e bb tmf gfvfblpifcts , klc` ohur etolcs & Kmechfs erf glcf. W mos syst fi klcteoc s et bf est 1 kbofcts & ec lpt olceb secg al x kbofct.  

Gfvfblpifct kbofct: Ot os usfg tl gfvf blp t mf lajfkts, kmechf tmf fxostoch lajfkts ieocteoc klc`ohuretolc kmechfs. Vcot tfst kbofct: Ot os usfg t l pfr`lri uc ot tfst `lr prfperoch Vcot Wf st Glkuifct.

&

[ecgal x systfi: Ot os ec fcvorlc ifct tl gfvfblp tm f lajfkts, ienf tmf kmechfs & ieocteoc klc`ohur etolcs et ocotoeb stehfs l` tmf prljfkts. Ebb tmf klcs ubtects erf e utmlrozfg `lr ecy trecsektolc klgf oc t mos systfi. W mos systfi o s ec lptolc eb systfi. a) Uueboty systfi: Ot os ec fcvorlcifct wmfrf e bb tmf gfvf blpifcts, klc`ohuretolcs & k mechfs erf tf stfg wotmlut ecy frrlrs ay tmf `uc ktolceb, tf kmcokeb klcsubt ects & fcg usfrs. k) Trlguktolc systfi: Ot os ec f cvorlcifct wmfrf e bb tmf fcg usfs wlrn. Ot os tmf bovf systfi Xmfrf ebb tmf lrohoc eb gete os ieocteoc fg. Wmos sys tfi klct eocs e sochbf kbofct. 1) Xmet os Teknehf & Wrecsplr teabf Lajfkts< 



Teknehf: Ot os e klbbfktol c l` t recsplr teabf lajfkts. Wmf peknehf os usfg tl sevf ebb tmf t recsplrteabf lajfkts. Wrecsplrt eabf Lajfkts: Wmfy iust af sevfg ucgfr tm f rfquorfg peknehf. W mf systfi hfcfre tfs tmf ucoqu f Wrecsplrt Qfqufst cuiafr wmobf sevoch t mf lajfkts uc gfr tmf peknehf. W mf trecsplr teabf lajfkts kec af rfbfe sfg `rli l cf systfi tl ecltm fr systfi.

;) Fxpbeoc ealut Klrr fktolc ecg Wrecspl rtetolc [ystfi (K W[) lr Wre cspl rt Lrhecozfr< Ecs : - Wmo s t ll b o s u sfg tl rfk lr g t mf k mec hfs iegf o c t mf s ystfi . QLMOCO NVIEQ

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

Ot os ebsl usfg tl r fbfesf tmf W recspl rt Qfqufst (WQ ) `rli lc f systfi tl ecltm fr systfi (Gfv ---3Uueboty ----3Trlguktolc).



Xmfc tmf kmechf rfqufst os krfetf g fotmfr iecuebby lr eutl ietokebby, tmf systfi essohcs e cuiafr tl

ot eutlietokebby e cg tm os cuiafr os nclwc es kmechf rf qufst

cuiafr. Wmf kmechf rfqufst rfklrgs ebb ilgo`oketolcs iegf tl gfvfblpifct lajfkt. Xmfc tmf km echfs mevf aff c iegf ecg tmf km echf tesns mevf affc rfbfesf g, tm f kmechf rfqufst kec af r fbfesfg. 

Wmf W-Klgfs [F45/[F4?/[F54 os usfg tl wlrn wotm tmos tllb (KW[).

Cltf: Wmf W -klgf [F 4; os usfg tl ` ocg WQ l` la jfkts Wmf W-klgf [WI[ os usfg tl Oiplrt WQ‟s 

Wmos glkuifctetolc prlvogfs ylu wotm ec lvfrvof w l` mlw t l iecehf kme chfs wotm t mf KW[ ecg fssf ctoeb oc`lrietolc lc sfttoch up ylur systfi ecg kb ofct becgske pf ecg gfkogoch l c e trecsplrt stretfhy. Q feg ecg `lbb lw tmos glkuifctetolc wmfc pbeccoch ylur gfvfblpifct prljfkt

7) Xmet erf tmf go ``fr fckfs a ftwffc [F45, [F4? ecg [F54< Ecs : [F45 - Klrr fkt ol c & Wrec sp lr t Lrh eco zfr [F4? - Xlrnafckm Lrhecozfr [F54 - Kustliozoch Lrhecozfr 6) Mlw tl oiplr t tmf Kbofct gfpfcgfct/[kropt kmech

fs/Weabf fctro fs octl tmf Vcot W fst systfi<

Ecs : - Vso ch tm f [KK5 oc tm f tfst kb ofc t (114) 

Fctfr tmf WQ cl



Wmf slurkf kbofct cl (144 ) os eppferfg ay gf`eubt



Kmfkn tmf kmfkn alx Ockbug och Qfqufst [ua W esns



Kbokn lc [tert Oiifgoetfby auttlc & prfss Fctfr auttlc.

0) Xmet erf typfs l` Wrecspl rt Qfqufsts (WQ) ecg Fxpbeoc ealu t tm fi< Ecs: Wrec sp lr t rfq ufs t: - Ot o s e u co qu f rfq ufs t c ui afr hfc fret fg a y t mf sy st fi w mo bf s evo ch tm f lajfkt u cgfr tmf peknehf ceif. Wmf WQ‟s erf hfcfretfg oc gfvfblpifct kbofct lcby & rfbfesf tmfi `rli g fvfblpifct kbofct. Wmf WQ cl os sterts wotm g fvfblpifct systfi og `lbblwfg ay N-sfr ofs . Fx: 2Q;G3n?2****3 Wmf Wrecspl rt rfqufsts l` 7 typfs. 

Kustli ozoch Qfqufsts: Wmfsf erf usfg tl rfklrg & rfbfesf tmf klc` ohur etolc km echfs oc tmf systfi.

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Xlrn afckm rfqufsts: Wmfy erf usf

g tl rfklrg tmf kmechfs/ wlrnafckm lajfkts sukm es

GGOK lajfkt s (Weabfs, [ tru ktu rfs, Wrecsektolc klgfs), T rlhr eis, @ uckt olc il gubfs ftk & rfbfesf tmfi `rl i lcf systfi tl lt mfr. 

Wrecsplrt l` Klpofs: Wmfy erf krf etfg tl trecsplrt tm f klc`ohuretolcs, gfvfblpifcts & kmechfs `rli lc f systfi octl ecltmfr systfi.



Qfblketolcs: Wmfy erf usfg tl km echf tmf lajfkts `rl i lcf peknehf tl eclt mfr peknehf.

8) Mlw t l h fcfretf W recsplr t Qfqufst (WQ )< Ecs: 

Fctfr tmf peknehf ceif et tmf toif l` sevoch wotm lajfkts Fx: ZGFP/Z[G/ZII…



Kbokn lc sevf oklc Kbokn lc kr fetf rfqufst oklc Fctfr smlrt gfskrop tol c es pfr tmf prljfkt s tecgergs Fx: 2KQ 678=?6 ‛ [ebfs Qfplrt3 Kbokn lc sevf oklc & kbokn lc yfs auttlc

  

=) Mlw tl kmechf smlrt gfskroptol

c l` WQ<

Ecs: Lckf tmf trecsplrt rfqufsts erf gospbeyfg oc trecsplrt lrhecozfr,   

Gluabf kbokn l c tmf rfquorfg WQ - 3 kbokn lc prl pfrtofs tea Kbokn lc gospbey/kmechf Kmechf smlrt gfskroptolc es pfr tmf prljfkt stecgergs -3 kbokn lc sevf & aekn

?) Mlw t l rfbfesf W recspl rt Qfqufst< Ecs:



Fxfkutf tmf W-klgf: [F4?/[F54/[F45. Kmfkn ebb tmf kmfkn alxfs l Kustliozoch rfqufsts l Xlrnafckm rfqufsts l Ilgo`oeabf l Qfbfesfg Kbokn lc gospbey auttlc. Fxpecg tmf rfquorfg WQ cl ucgfr ilgo`oeabf stetus. Tbekf ylur kursl r lc tmf tesn cuiafr.



Kbokn lc rfbfe sf gorfktby l r @?.

 

 

Cltf:   

Wmf lajfkt s ucg fr tmf W Q iust a f ektovetfg af`lr f tmf trecsplrt rfqufsts erf rfbfe sfg. Wmf tokn ierns erf eppferfg afsogf tmf tesn cu iafrs l ckf tmfy erf rfbfe sfg. Tbekf e kurslr l c tmf WQ cuia fr e`tfr e bb tmf klr rfsplc goc h tesns erf rfbfe sfs.

54) Mlw tl gfbftf W recspl rt Qfqufst/Lajfkt `rl i WQ< QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Ecs:    

Fxfkutf tmf W-klgf [F4?/[F54/[F45 Kbokn lc gospbey auttl c. Fxpecg tmf rfquorfg WQ ucgfr ilgo`oeabf stetus Fxpecg tmf klrrfsp lcgo ch tesn cui afr -3 rohmt kbokn l c lajfkt c eif -3 kbokn l c gfbftf - 3 kbokn lc yfs auttlc -3 kbokn lc yfs auttlc.

Cltf: @lbblw tmf soiob er stfps tl rfilvf ecy cuiafr l` la

jfkts `rli t mf tesn/W Q.



Tbekf tmf kurs lr lc tm f tesn cui afr e`tfr e bb tmf klrr fsplcg och l ajfkts erf gfbf tfg.

 

Kbokn lc gfbftf & kbokn lc yfs auttlc Tbekf tmf kurs lr lc WQ e`tfr e bb tm f klrrfsplcg och t esns erf gfbf tfg Kbokn lc gfbftf oklc -3 kbokn lc yfs auttlc.



55) Mlw tl km echf peknehf ceif l` ec l ajfkt<       

Fxfkut f tmf rfqu orfg W-kl gf : [F;=, [F55 Ftk Kbokn lc ”Hl tl‟ `rli ifcu Kbokn lc ”lajfkt gorfktlry fctry‟ Kbokn lc gospbey/ kmechf oklc Kmechf t mf pekn ehf cuia fr Fx: $WIT -3 ZTEKN Krfetf tmf WQ ay prfssoch krfetf rfqufst Kbokn lc t okn (yfs)

51) Xmet os Wfkmco keb [pfko`ok etolc (W[)< Ecs: Ot o s e g lk ui fct pr fperfg ay tfkm co keb klcs ub tec t ( EA ETfr).Wmo s k lc teo cs ebb tm f tfkm co keb gfteobs suk m es tmf W fkmcokeb slb utol c `lr tm f rfquor fifct. W mf gfteobfg W [ klcteocs ebb tmf gfteobs sukm es stertoch `rli gfsohcoch tmf [fbfktolc skrffc, Gfkberetolcs, ebb tmf @ucktolc Ilgubfs usfg & tmf prlkfssoch blhok t l ifft tmf kustlifr rfquorfifcts, ucot tfst k esfs ftk.

5;) Qlbf s & rfsplcsoaobo tofs `lr su pplrt p rljfkt< Ecs: Oip bfi fctet ol c Tr lk fss • •

Hfttoch tmf ausocfss Qfquorfifct glkuifct `rli `ucktolc eb klcsubtect / `ucktolceb ecebyst. Ecebyzf tmf auso cfss Qfquorfifct.

•

Ecebyzf tmf fstoietfg toif `lr gfvfblpifct.

•

Gfvfblpifct l` Lajfkt (EAET eppbok etolc).

•

Vcot Wfstoc h ay Gfvfblpfr.

•

Qfbfesoch tmf lajfkt tl tfstoch fcvorlc ifct.

•

Trfpe rf tfkmco keb glku ifct l` tmf gfvfblpifct . [upplrt Trlkf ss

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Qfkfovoch toknfts/ossuf s `rli ausocfss. Ecebyzoch tmf tokn ft. Qfslbvoch tmf ossu f oc toif. Gfvfblpf r tfstoch ecg trecsplrtoch.

57) Xmet erf tmf pfr`lrieck f tops gl ylu ` lbblw w mobf gfvfblpoch ec la jfkt< (Lr) Xmet erf tmf pfr`lrie ckf tops g l ylu ` lbblw tl oipr lvf tmf pfr`lrieckf oc tmf hovfc prlhrei< Ecs: 5) Glc' t u sf [fb fkt - Fcg sfb fkt bl lp (Clr ieb sfer km ) so ck f ot mo ts tm f get eaesf ` lr fekm rfk lr g & Vsf OC WL teabf stetfifct (Tloctfr sferkm) tl

fxtrekt ebb t mf rfquorfg g ete octl ec

octfrceb tea oc soc hbf stfp. 1) Glc‟t usf sfbfkt * wm obf fxtrektoch gete sockf ot fxtrekts ebb `ofbgs & Vsf sfbfkt `lbblw

fg ay

tmf rfquorfg `ofbg s oc tmf soiober lr gfr l` tmf geteaesf teabfs. ;) Wmf oct frceb W eabf iust af iust sl rt octfrc eb teabfs af `lr f usoch klc trl b arfen stetfif cts. 7) Wmf oct frceb W eabf iust af slrtfg oct frceb teabfs af`lrf usoch aoc ery sfe rkm eggot olc wo tm QFEG teabf stetfifct `l r `est fr ekkfss. 6) Klpy ecg gfbftf octfrceb teabfs/ ga teabfs lut

sogf l` t mf bllp.

0) Wmf Ae sf octfrceb teabf iust a f kmfknfg wmftmfr ot mes gete lr cl

t af`lrf uso ch tm f

@LQ EBB FCW QOF[ [tetfifct lt mfrwosf [fbf kt s tetfifct fxtrekts ebb tmf rfklr gs ` lri t mf geteaesf wotml ut klcs ogfroc h @LQ EBB FCW QOF[. 8) Wmf o ctfr ceb Weabf i ust af [LQWFG af`lr f GFBFWF EGJV[KF CW GVTBOKEWF [ st etfifct . =) Wmf WEABF[ stetfifct os c lt egvoseab f sockf ot krfetfs blt l` ?) Trf`f r Terebbf b Kurslr iftmlg o c kesf l` Cfstfg Bll ps. 54) [fklcg ery Ocgfxfs erf clt egvoseabf soc

oipbo kot Xlrn Erfes.

kf tmf gete os `obt frfg et gete aesf bfvfb `lr ebb tm f

usfrs. 55) Vp tl 1 teabfs kec af jlocfg tm fc usf @lr Ebb Fctrofs wmob f fxtrektoch tm f gete `rli t mf cfxt rfquorfg teabfs. 51) @lr Ebb Fctr ofs wotm Occfr J locs erf egvoseabf sockf @lr Ebb Fctro

fs erf ecltm fr fxtre `obtfr

krot froe es bonf [f bfkt-Lptolcs . 5;) Glc‟t usf [fbfkt stetfifcts wotmoc tmf Bllps. Vsf @lr Ebb Fctrofs lutsogf l` tmf bllp

stetfifcts tm fc usf Qf eg Weabf stetfifct wotm B llp s tetfifcts. 56) Xmet os e @uckto lceb [pfko`oketol c< Ecs: @uc kt ol ceb [pfk o` ok etol c o s t mf l `` ok oeb gl ku ifc t ` lr e gfvfb lp fr w mo km gfsk ro afs tm f `fet ur fs ecg gfsohc l ` fxpfktfg `ucktolceboty. Ot klcteocs tmf tfkmcokeb fxpf ktetolcs ecg r fquorfg gete `lr tmf gfsohc ecg gfvfblpifct . Wmf @[ os ebsl kebbfg es HET . Wmos kec af prfperfg lc by e`tfr goskussoch wotm t mf fcg usfrs & ucg frste cg tmfor rfquorfifcts & glkuifct tmf Fcg usfrs/ kbofcts rfquorfifct. 50) Mlw g l ylu h ft `ucktolceb spfks wm fc ylu erf essohcf g slif lajfkt< Ecs: Hfcfreb by @uc kt olceb [p fko `o ket ol cs wob b af sfcgo ch tm rl uh m fi eob s (Oc su pp lr t p rl kfs s, t mfy iey klif oc e sp fko`ok t llb b onf: Qfifgy, Q egox). QLMOCO NVIEQ

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58) Mlw gl ylu rfkfovf @ucktolceb [pfko`oketolcs< Ecs: Oc hfcfreb e `ucktolceb spfko`oketolc wobb af sfct tl e klcsubtect tmrluhm lrhecozetolceb Fieob bonf : Lutblln, OAI Bltus ftk.

@ucktolcs l` @ucktolceb [pf ko`oketolcs:   

Qfquorfifct. Gfsohc [uiiery. Gfsorfg @ucktolceboty.

 

@ocosmfg prlgukt. Wfst Kesfs.

@ucktolceb [pf ko`oketolc `lriet/klctfcts iey go`` `lbblw tm for lwc `lriettoch stybf.

fr `rli klip ecy tl k lipecy, fv fry klipecy

5=) Xml pr fperfs @ uckt olc eb [pfko`ok etolcs< Ecs: Es pfr s tecg erg Lrh eco zeto lc eb s tr uk tu rf, ` uc ktol ceb kl cs ub tect s w ob b p rfp erf ` uc kt ol ceb spfko`oketolcs, oc slif kesfs Wfkmcl-@ucktolceb klcsubtects wobb prfperf tmfi. (Oc slif klip ecofs [f colr -Wfkmcok eb Klcs ubtect s iey prfperf) . 5?) Xmet os tmf cfxt stfp e`tfr @ucktol

ceb [pfko`ok etolcs<

Ecs: Lckf @u ck to lc eb [p fko `o ket ol c o s p rfp erfg , tm f glk ui fct w ob b a f sfct `l r ep pr lv eb t l ` uc kt ol ceb mfeg lr prljfkt iecehfr, lckf epprlvfg, ot wobb sfcg t l tfkmcok eb bfeg. Wmf tfkmcokeb bfeg wobb gostroaut f tmf @ucktolceb [pfko`oke

tolc tl ecy gfvf blpfr.

14) Kbofct klckfpt: O` tmfrf erf twl kbofcts oc gfvfblpifct sfrvfr, Fx: kbofct 144 `lr gfvfblpifct ecg kbofct ;44 `lr klc`ohuretolcs, wmet glfs ot ektuebby ifec<

Ecs: Fvfc o` tm frf er f tw l k bo fct s 144 ecg ;44, 144 `lr gfvfb lp ifc t ec g ;44 os `l r k lc `o hu ret ol c, y lu kecclt ekkfss 144 kbofct gete oc ;44 kbofct. Oc rfeb-toif, `ucktol ceb pflpbf cffg ekkur etf gete tl tfst a usoc fss klc` ohu retolc([G/ II/@O ftk), wmfc ot kl ifs tl tfkmcok eb pflpbf, tmfy iey krfetf jucn g ete tl tfst tmfor eppb oketolc (Krfetoch ietfroeb, jucn iestfr gete, jucn t recsektolc gete f tk), sl tmfy ieoct eoc lcf sfperetf kbofct(14 4) `lr gfvf blpifct ektovotofs ecg sfpere tf kbofct `lr klc`ohu retolcs. Cltf: Wrecsplr t petm w obb a f seif `lr tw l kb ofcts (144 - UE) ecg (;44 - UE) o.f.> s eif UE kbofct .

15) Fxpbeoc [G ([ebfs & Gostroa utol c) @blw < @blw Ocqu ory Uult etol c Tur km esf Lrg fr [ebfs Lrgfr Gfbovfry QLMOCO NVIEQ

W-Klg fs PE55, PE51, PE5; PE15, PE11, PE1; IF15C, IF11C, IF1;C PE45, PE41, PE4; PB45, PB41, PB4;

Weabfs PAEN, PAET PAEN, PAET FNNL, FNTL PAEN, PAET BONT, BOT[

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[mop poc h Ao bb oc h Ocvl okf

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PW45 P@45, P@41, P@4; P@15

PWWN, PWWT PAQN, PAQT PAQN, PAQT



Kustlifr fcquorfs ealut tmf Trlgukts sfrvokf s tm et wfrf slbg ay e kl ipecy. Klipecy Hovfs e Uultetol c `lr tm f prlgukt s ecg [f rvokfs tl e Kustlifr Aesfg lc purk mesf lrgfr sebfs lrgfr wobb af krfe tfg. Lckf sebf s lrg fr os krfetfg, gfbovfry wob b af glcf Cfxt tmf hllgs sm lubg af gfbovf rfg tmrluhm smop poch Fvfry aobb mes ocvlokf...cfxt prlvogf ocvlokf.



Ocvlokf fcg l` sebfs `blw .

    

11) II (Ietfroeb Iecehfifct ) @blw< Ecs: @blw Turkm esf Qfquos oto lc Qfqufst @lr Uult etol c Uult etol c Trokf Kliper osl c Tur km esf Lrg fr (TL) Hllg s Qfkfopts (HQ) Ocvl okf Pfro`o ketol c

W-Klgfs IF65, IF61, IF6; IF75, IF71, IF7; IF78 IF7? IF15, IF11, IF1; IOHL IOQL

Weabfs FNTL, FOCF FNNL, FNTL FOCF, FOCE FNNL, FNTL FNNL, FNTL FNNL, FNTL FNNL, FNTL

1;) Vsf`ub tllbs oc prljfkts< Ecs: Wmf a fbl w ;rg perty sfkuroty hetfwey tllbs erf usfg tl klc cfkt octl kbofct g fsntlp/[ ET systf i  PTC/Koskl PTC ‛ Portueb Trovetf Cftwl rn os usfg tl kl ccfkt oct l kbofct [ET syst fis. 

Kotrox ‛ Ot os usfg tl klccfkt octl kbofct systfi gfsntlp

17) Vsf`ub tl lbs `lr Woknft M ecgboc h< Ecs: Wmfs f tl lb s er f us fg oc su pp lrt & i eoc tfc eck f prl jfk t t l i eocteoc Kmec hf rfq ufs ts /Wok nft s. 

Qfifgy



[ET OI[ (Ockogfct iecehfifct [ystfi)



Bltus ‛ OAI



[I[ - Ekkfcturf

Cltf : Wmf G ete iohretolc tlbb ” Teceye ‟ os usfg `lr iohretolc/up hregetolc prljfkts 

Wmf tesn/wlrn o s essohcfg t mrlu hm ieobs (I. [ Lutbl ln) ay Wf ei Bfeg/@ uckt olceb Klcsu btect.

16) Xmet erf tmf pfr`lrieckf tllb s gl ylu pfr`lri af`lrf tmf lajfkt os r fbfesfg (lr) lckf tmf gfvf blpifct os klipbftfg< QLMOCO NVIEQ

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Ecs : - Wmfy er f usfg tl rfb fesf t mf l aj fkt s w otml ut frr lr s , w erc oc hs ecg w ot m a ftt fr pfr `l ri eckf. 5. Fxtfcgfg p rlhr ei kmfkn ([BOC lr prlh rei --3 Kmfkn -- 3Fxtfcgfg p rlhr ei kmfkn). Wmos tllb os usfg tl bost lut t mf pfr`lrie ckf rfbe tfg frrlrs, we rcochs & ifssehf s oc t mf prlhrei & rfkto`y tm fi.



[tfps t l pfr`lri Fxtf cgfg prlh rei kmfkn: Fxfkutf tmf t-klgf ‛ [BOC / tmrlu hm Ifcu petm Fctfr tm f rfquo rfg p rlhr ei Fx: ZEBP\QFTLQW[ Kmfkn tmf kmfkn l` ” Kmerektfr [troch‟



Kbokn lc @= oklc tmfc ebb tmf klrrfspl

 

cgoc h frrlrs, wercoc hs, ifssehfs erf bostfg.

1. Klgf Ocspfktlr ([KO lr p rlhr ei --3Kmfkn --3 Klgf Ocspfktl r). Wmos tllb os usfg tl pfr`lri go``frfct typfs l` kmfkns su [fkurot y kmfkns, ecg [yctex kmfkns .

km es Tfr`lrieckf kmfkns,

[tfps t l pfr`lri Klgf O cspfktlr:    

Fctfr tmf rfquor fg prlh rei ceif oc [F; = Kbokn lc p rlhr ei ifcu otfi -3 Kmfkn -3 Klgf ocspfktlr Fxpecg epprlproetf kmfkns sukm es [yctex kmfkns/Tfr`lrieckf kmfkns/[fkuroty kmfkns. Qfeg & ucgfrstecg t mf systfi hovfc ifssehfs & rfkto`y tmfi ;. Quctoif Ecebysos ([F;4 lr [ystfi-- 3Vtobot ofs-- 3Quctoif Ecebys os). Wmos tllb os usfg tl nclw Fxfkutolc toif lr ruc toif l` tmf prl hrei/ W klgf. O t kec ebsl af usfg tl nclw pfr`lrie ckf tops & tro kns. [tfps t l pfr`lri Quctoif Ece bysos:

      

Fxfkutf tmf W-klgf :[F;4 Fctfr prlhrei/W-klgf/@ucktolc Ilgubf Kbokn lc fxfkutf auttlc @obb tmf rfquorfg `ofbgs Kbokn lc fxfkutf oklc Kbokn lc ”Aekn‟ Kbokn lc ‒Fvebuetf’ auttlc oc ructoif Ecebysos skrffc 7. [UB Wrekfr ([W46 lr [ystfi

Vtobo tofs

Tfr`lr ieck f tr ekf).

Wmos tllb os usfg tl nclw tmf ocgfxfs f otmfr proiery/sf klcgery wm okm erf klcsogfr wmobf fxtrektoc h tmf gete. [G ECG II @BLX [G @blw: OCUVOQ_ PE55 os tmf W-klgf `lr ocquory ecg rfbetfg teabfs erf PAEN, PAET.Lckf ocquory os glcf kustlifr rfqufsts qultetolc. UVLWEWOLC QLMOCO NVIEQ

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W-klgf `lr qultetolc oc PE15, teabfs erf PAEN, PAET.E`tfr qultetolc `blw hlfs `lr purkmesf lrgfr. TVQKME[F LQGFQ Turkmesf lrgfr t-klgf os IF15C, rfbetfg teabfs erf FNNL, FNTL.Aesfg lc purkmesf lrgfr sebfs lrgfr wobb af krfetfg. [EBF[ LQGFQ [ebfs lrgfr t-klgf os PE45, rfbetfg teabfs erf PAEN, PAET. Lckf sebfs lrgfr os krfetfg, gfbovfry wobb af glcf. GFBOPFQ_ W-klgf `lr gfbovfry lrgfr os PB45C, teabfs erf BONT, BOT[. Cfxt tmf hllgs smlubg af gbovfrfg tmrluhm smoppoch [MOTTOCH [moppoch t-klgf os PW45, rfbetfg teabfs erf PWWN, PWWT.Lckf hllgs erf smoppfg, hl `lr aobboch. AOBBOCH Aobboch t-klgf os P@45, teabfs erf PAQN,PAQT. Fvfry aobb mes ocvlokf...cfxt prlvogf ocvlokf. OCPLOKF Ocvlokf t-klgf os P@15, rfbetfg teabfs erf PAQN, PAQT.Ocvlokf fcg l` sebfs `blw. II @blw: 5. Turkmesf Qfquosotolc (IF65C) Ietfroeb rfquorfifct erf ogfcto`ofg fotmfr ay tmf usfr, gfpertifct lr voe ietfroeb pbeccoch ecg klctrlb. @lr fxeipbf e IQT Quc oc prlguktolc pbeccoch lr ietfroeb `ebboch smlrt l` rflrgfr-ploct kec eutlietokebby hfcfretf Turkmesf Qfquosotolc. Et tmf seif toif TQ kec af krfetfg iecuebby oc tmf systfi. 1. [lurkf Gftfriocetolc - Q@U (IF75) Ogfcto`y tmf plssoabf slurkf l` suppby aesfg lc tmf pest lrgfr ecg fxostoch blch tfri purkmesf klctrekt. Wmfc krfetf Qfqufst `lr Uultetolc, wmokm kec af tmfc sfct fbfktrlcokebby tl vfcglrs. ;. Pfcglr [fbfktolc ecg Kliperoslc l` Uultetolc (IF7?) E`tfr rfkfovoch qultetolc systfi os kepeabf tl soiubetf prokoch skfcerols, ebblwoch usfr tl kliperf cuiafr l` qultetolcs ecg sfct rfjfktolc bfttfr eutlietokebby. 7. Turkmesf Lrgfr ( IF15C) Gete `rli Uultetolc lr Turkmesf Qfquosotolc kec af eglptfg tl krfetf Turkmesf Lrgfrs. Turkmesf Lrgfr os tmfc sfct tl Pfcglr tl suppby tmf hllgs. 6. Turkmesf Lrgfr @lbblw ups IF?5, IF?5@, IF?1@

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Qfiocgfr kec af sfct tl vfcglrs et prfgf`ocfg octfrvebs. 0. Hllgs Qfkfopts (IA45) Hllgs wfrf rfkfovfg. 8. Ocvlokf Pfro`oketolc (IOQL)

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