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ISBN 978-0-626-23033-3
SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Industrial laundry detergents
Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za © SABS
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1 Table of changes Change No.
Date
Scope
Amdt 1
2009
Amended to update the normative references, to align the corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel requirement with that of other detergent standards, and to correct the numbering of subclauses in clause 6.
Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1006B, Detergents, polishes and other chemicals – Detergents, soaps and cleaners, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in December 2009. This document supersedes SANS 1044:2009 (edition 3). Reference is made in 7.2 to the "national regulations and statutory requirements". In South Africa this means the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act No. 54 of 1972) and the Trade Metrology Act, 1973 (Act No. 77 of 1973) (as amended from time to time). Annex A forms an integral part of this document. Annex B is for information only. A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 1.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope .....................................................................................................................................
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2 Normative references .............................................................................................................
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3 Definitions ..............................................................................................................................
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4 Requirements .........................................................................................................................
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5 Sampling and compliance with the standard .........................................................................
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6 Inspection and methods of test ..............................................................................................
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6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15
Inspection ..................................................................................................................... 7 Preparation of test specimens ..................................................................................... 7 Cleaning efficiency ....................................................................................................... 7 Redeposition index ....................................................................................................... 7 Fluorescent whitening agent content ........................................................................... 7 Chemical damage to cotton fibres ............................................................................... 7 Water-insoluble matter content .................................................................................... 8 pH value ....................................................................................................................... 8 Foaming properties ...................................................................................................... 8 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel ................................................................... 8 Corrosiveness to aluminium ......................................................................................... 8 Chloride content ........................................................................................................... 9 Viscosity ....................................................................................................................... 10 Freeze-thaw stability .................................................................................................... 10 Stability ......................................................................................................................... 10
7 Packing and marking .............................................................................................................. 11 Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers ............................................................................... 12 Annex B (informative) Quality verification of industrial laundry detergents ............................. 12 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 12
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
Industrial laundry detergents
1 Scope This standard specifies the characteristics of four types of low-foam industrial laundry detergent intended for use in industrial laundering machines for the washing, in either hard or soft water, of textiles made of cotton or of cotton-and-synthetic fibre yarns.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. ASTM A240/A 240M, Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications. EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Chemical composition and form of wrought products – Amdt 1 Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products. SANS 5011/ISO 10523, Water quality – Determination of pH. SANS 5126, Viscosity of binders for paints. SANS 5778, Redeposition index of laundry detergents. SANS 5779, Fluorescent whitening agent content of laundry detergents. SANS 5780, Chemical damage to cotton fibres by laundry detergents. SANS 5781, Water-insoluble matter content of laundry detergents. SANS 5806, Foam height of laundry detergents. SANS 6081, Cleaning efficiency of low-foam laundry detergents.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1 batch material from a single mix or, in the case of a continuous production process, material from a single day's production 3.2 lot quantity of industrial laundry detergent that bears the same batch identification, from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing
4 Requirements 4.1 Types Industrial laundry detergent shall be of one of the following types as required (see annex A): a) Type 1: detergent in the form of granules or of a powder, that is homogeneous, free-flowing, free from visible impurities, and readily soluble in water. b) Type 2: detergent in the form of an aqueous solution that is homogeneous and readily soluble in water. c) Type 3: detergent in the form of granules or of a powder, that is homogeneous, free-flowing, free from visible impurities, readily soluble in water and only for use in soft water. d) Type 4: detergent in the form of an aqueous solution that is homogeneous and readily soluble in water and only for use in tunnel washers where the machine composition is strictly stainless steel.
4.2 General 4.2.1 When stored or transported under normal conditions in the original container, a type 1 and a type 3 detergent shall not cake into hard lumps and a type 2 and a type 4 detergent shall not separate or form a precipitate.
4.2.2 The detergent shall be suitable for use in industrial laundering machines, shall not tarnish or corrode the metals used in the construction of these machines, and shall not cause adhesion between the sliding doors and their frames.
4.3 Odour Industrial laundry detergent, both as received and when dissolved in hot water, shall not have an objectionable odour, and shall not develop an objectionable odour during 6 months storage in its original container at ambient temperature.
4.4 Cleaning efficiency The cleaning efficiency of industrial laundry detergent, expressed as a percentage of soil removal shall, when tested in accordance with 6.3, be at least 95 % of that of the standard detergent.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
4.5 Redeposition index The redeposition index of industrial laundry detergent, determined in accordance with 6.4, shall be at least 95 % of that of the standard detergent.
4.6 Fluorescent whitening agent content Unless otherwise specified (see annex A), industrial laundry detergent shall contain a fluorescent whitening agent. The intensity of the fluorescence on the cotton swatches washed with the industrial laundry detergent shall, when the detergent is tested in accordance with 6.5, be at least equal to that of the swatches washed with the standard detergent.
4.7 Chemical damage to cotton fibres When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.6, any degradation of the cotton fibres shall not result in the fluidity of the fibres exceeding 160 Pa-1s-1.
4.8 Water-insoluble matter content The water-insoluble matter content of industrial laundry detergent shall, when tested in accordance with 6.7, not exceed a mass fraction of 1,0 %.
4.9 pH value When tested in accordance with 6.8, the pH value of types 1 to 3 (inclusive) industrial laundry detergent shall be not lower than 10,5 and not higher than 12,5 and the pH value of type 4 shall be not lower than 10,5.
4.10 Foaming properties The foam height of industrial laundry detergent shall, when tested in accordance with 6.9, not exceed 50 mm.
4.11 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.10, any loss in mass of a corrosionresistant steel test strip that complies with the requirements for type S30415 of ASTM A240/A 240M shall not exceed 0,05 mg/100 mm2 of surface area of the test strip, and the test strip shall show no Amdt 1 evidence of pitting, etching or discoloration.
4.12 Corrosiveness to aluminium When industrial laundry detergent (with the exception of type 4) is tested in accordance with 6.11, aluminium test strips that comply with the requirements for EN AW 1050A of EN 573-3 shall show no evidence of pitting, etching or discoloration. Slight dulling of the surfaces of the test strips is Amdt 1 permissible.
4.13 Chloride content When industrial laundry detergent is tested in accordance with 6.12, the chloride content (expressed as sodium chloride) shall not exceed a mass fraction of 2,0 %.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1 4.14 Viscosity at 25 °C When determined in accordance with 6.13, the viscosity of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent at 25 °C, shall be not more than 1 650 mPa.s.
4.15 Freeze-thaw stability When tested in accordance with 6.14, a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent shall not thicken or gel and shall remain homogeneous.
4.16 Stability When tested in accordance with 6.15, a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent shall not thicken or gel and shall remain homogeneous.
5 Sampling and compliance with the standard 5.1 Sampling 5.1.1 General When no information concerning the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is available, the following sampling procedure shall be applied to determine whether a lot submitted for inspection and testing complies with the requirements of the standard. The samples so taken shall be deemed to represent the lot for the respective properties. The sampling procedure shall also be used for adjudication in cases of dispute. NOTE Information on the quality verification of industrial laundry detergents is given in annex B.
5.1.2 Sample for inspection Draw at random from the lot a) five containers if the lot is packed in containers of net mass not exceeding 5 kg; and b) three containers if the lot is packed in containers of net mass greater than 5 kg.
5.1.3 Sample for testing 5.1.3.1 Thoroughly mix the contents of the relevant container before drawing a sample. 5.1.3.2 From the containers taken in accordance with 5.1.2, take at random enough industrial laundry detergent to provide a composite laboratory sample of total mass at least 1 kg. Take samples of approximately equal mass of industrial laundry detergent from all containers. 5.1.3.3 Immediately pour the composite sample into a clean, dry, air-tight glass or plastics bottle clearly marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark, the batch identification, and the date of sampling.
5.2 Compliance with the standard Deem the lot to comply with the requirements of the standard if, after inspection and testing (see clause 6) of the samples taken in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3, they are found to comply with all the requirements of the standard.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
6 Inspection and methods of test 6.1 Inspection 6.1.1 Inspect the containers taken in accordance with 5.1.2 for compliance with the requirements of clause 7.
6.1.2 Visually examine the samples taken in accordance with 5.1.2 for compliance with the requirements given in 4.1 to 4.3 (inclusive).
6.2 Preparation of test specimens Prepare a composite laboratory sample in accordance with 5.1.3. Unless inconsistent with the text, all reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade, and all water shall be distilled or de-ionized water.
6.3 Cleaning efficiency Use the procedure specified in SANS 6081 but carry out the test at 65 ºC ± 1 ºC instead of at 40 ºC ± 1 ºC. For the standard detergent, exclude the addition of the enzymes and use a mixture of 1,7 g/L of the standard detergent specified in SANS 6081 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na2SiO3·5H2O). In the case of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. Check for compliance with 4.4.
6.4 Redeposition index Use the procedure specified in SANS 5778, but carry out the test at 65 ºC ± 1 ºC instead of at 40 ºC ± 1 ºC. For the standard detergent use a mixture of 1,7 g/L of the standard detergent specified in SANS 5778 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na2SiO3·5H2O). In the case of a type 2 and a type 4 industrial laundry detergent, use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. Check for compliance with 4.5.
6.5 Fluorescent whitening agent content Use the procedure specified in SANS 5779, but carry out the test at 65 ºC ± 1 ºC instead of at 40 ºC ± 1 ºC. For the standard detergent use a mixture of 1,7 g/L of the standard detergent specified in SANS 5779 and 0,3 g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na2SiO3·5H2O). In the case of a type 2 and type 4 industrial laundry detergent use a concentration of 2,5 g/L, and in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. Check for compliance with 4.6.
6.6 Chemical damage to cotton fibres Use SANS 5780. Check for compliance with 4.7.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1 6.7 Water-insoluble matter content Use SANS 5781, but in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. For the quantitative transfer of the insoluble matter to the filter, and for the subsequent washing, use only very hot water (i.e. at a temperature of above 65 °C). Check for compliance with 4.8.
6.8 pH value Dissolve 1 g of the test specimen in 500 mL of carbon-dioxide-free distilled or de-ionized water and use SANS 5011 to determine the pH value. Check for compliance with 4.9.
6.9 Foaming properties Use SANS 5806. In the case of a type 2 and type 4 industrial laundry detergent, use 2,5 g/L, and in the case of a type 3 detergent, use distilled water instead of standard hard water. Check for compliance with 4.10.
6.10 Corrosiveness to corrosion-resistant steel 6.10.1 Test strip One strip, of size approximately 80 mm × 25 mm × 1 mm, of a hot-rolled, annealed and polished corrosion-resistant steel that complies with the requirements for type S30415 of ASTM A240/A 240M.
6.10.2 Procedure 6.10.2.1 Accurately determine the total area of the surface of the test strip, and then degrease it in a mixture of equal volumes of ethanol and acetone. After allowing the strip to air-dry, heat it for 30 min in an oven maintained at 105 °C ± 5 °C, cool it in a desiccator and immediately weigh it to the nearest 0,1 mg. 6.10.2.2 Prepare 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 10,0 g of the test specimen, and transfer 250 mL of the freshly prepared solution to a suitable stoppered glass bottle. 6.10.2.3 Add the test strip to the bottle (ensuring that the strip is completely immersed in the test solution). Heat the bottle and contents to 80 °C ± 2 °C in an oven, stopper the bottle and maintain it at 80 °C ± 2 °C for 2 h. 6.10.2.4 Remove the test strip from the test solution, rinse it thoroughly first with water, then with acetone, and allow it to air-dry. Then heat it for 30 min in an oven maintained at 105 °C ± 5 °C, cool it in a desiccator, and immediately weigh it to the nearest 0,1 mg. 2 Calculate the loss in mass in milligrams per 100 mm of surface area of the test strip, and examine the test strip for compliance with the remaining requirements of 4.11.
6.11 Corrosiveness to aluminium 6.11.1 Test strips Two strips, each of size approximately 75 mm × 19 mm × 1,5 mm, of bright-finished uncoated Amdt 1 aluminium that complies with the requirements for EN AW 1050A of EN 573-3.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
6.11.2 Procedure 6.11.2.1 Degrease the test strips by washing them in acetone and allowing them to air-dry at ambient temperature. 6.11.2.2 Prepare 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 5,0 g of the test sample, and transfer 250 mL of the solution to each of two suitable stoppered glass bottles. 6.11.2.3 Add one test strip to each of the bottles (ensuring that the strips are completely immersed in the test solution). Heat the bottles and contents to 80 °C ± 2 °C in an oven, stopper the bottles and maintain them at 80 °C ± 2 °C for 5 h. 6.11.2.4 Remove the test strips from the test solution and rinse them thoroughly with water. Allow them to air-dry and then examine them for compliance with the requirements of 4.12.
6.12 Chloride content 6.12.1 Apparatus 6.12.1.1 Potentiometer, equipped with electrodes suitable for the potentiometric titration of chloride ions. 6.12.1.2 pH meter.
6.12.2 Reagents and materials 6.12.2.1 General Only use reagents of analytical reagent grade and distilled water. 6.12.2.2 Silver nitrate solution, c(AgNO3) = 0,05 mol/L. An aqueous solution accurately standardized potentiometrically against a standard sodium chloride solution. 6.12.2.3 Nitric acid solution Carefully add 7 mL concentrated nitric acid to 50 mL water and make up to 100 mL, mixing well.
6.12.3 Procedure
Amdt 1
6.12.3.1 Weigh out accurately approximately 5 g of the test specimen into a 250 mL beaker and Amdt 1 dissolve in approximately 150 mL of water. 6.12.3.2 Using the pH meter, adjust the pH value of the test solution to between 4,2 and 4,3 by Amdt 1 adding the nitric acid solution. 6.12.3.3 Prepare a blank solution in a 250 mL beaker, using the same procedure as used for the Amdt 1 preparation of the test specimen (see 6.12.3.1 and 6.12.3.2) but omit the test specimen. 6.12.3.4 Using the potentiometer, titrate the test specimen solution (see 6.12.3.2) and the blank Amdt 1 solution (see 6.12.4.3) with the standard silver nitrate solution.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1 6.12.4 Calculation
Amdt 1
Calculate the chloride content, Clc, (as sodium chloride), using as follows: Clc =
( V1 − V2 ) × c × 5,85 m
where V1 is the volume, in millilitres, of standard silver nitrate solution used in the titration of the test specimen; V2 is the volume, in millilitres, of standard silver nitrate solution used in the titration of blank; c
is the concentration, in moles per litre, of the standard silver nitrate solution;
M is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen used.
6.13 Viscosity Use SANS 5126. Check for compliance with 4.14.
6.14 Freeze-thaw stability Fill a 500 mL glass-stoppered bottle with the test specimen and subject it to a freeze-thaw cycle that consists of freezing at a temperature of 0 °C for 16 h followed by thawing at ambient temperature for 8 h. Repeat the freeze-thaw cycle twice more and then examine the test specimen for compliance with 4.15.
6.15 Stability Fill two 500 mL glass-stoppered bottles with the test specimen and place one bottle for 90 d in an oven maintained at 40 °C ± 2 °C and the other bottle for 90 d in a refrigerator maintained at 4 °C ± 1 °C. Examine the contents of both bottles for compliance with 4.16.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
7 Packing and marking 7.1 Packing Industrial laundry detergent shall be so packed as to prevent leakage or contamination (or both) of the product. It shall be packed in containers that are strong enough to withstand normal handling and transportation. These containers may then be packed in bulk packages. Only material from the same batch shall be packed in a container and, when relevant, in a bulk package.
7.2 Marking Each container and bulk package shall bear (in prominent, legible and indelible marking) the following information and any additional information required in terms of the relevant national regulations and statutory requirements (see foreword): a) the manufacturer's trade name or trademark or both; b) words indicating that the product is an industrial laundry detergent; c) the type; d) the batch identification; e) the mass of the contents; f) in the case of bulk packages, the number of containers; and g) additional information required in terms of the regulations promulgated by the local transportation authority.
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SANS 1044:2009 Edition 3.1
Annex A (normative)
Notes to purchasers A.1 The following requirement shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract: When relevant, that the industrial laundry detergent shall contain a fluorescent whitening agent (see 4.6). NOTE The above requirement may be specified by reference to a manufacturer's data sheet, where available.
A.2
The order or contract that specifies the requirement listed in A.1, shall be made available to inspection representatives for inspection purposes when so required.
Annex B (informative)
Quality verification of industrial laundry detergents When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of industrial laundry detergents, it is suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the manufacturer's quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the provisions of an integrated quality system.
Bibliography SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements.
© SABS
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