Sample-Locked-83-4 CNC Programming Workbook - Lathe

 

 

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK 

LATHE 

By Matthew Manton and Duane Weidinger

 

  CNC Programming Workbook  – Lathe Published by CamInstructor Incorporated 330 Chandos Crt. Kitchener, Ontario N2A 3C2 www.caminstructor.com Date: June 1, 2013 Author: Matthew Manton and Duane Weidinger ISBN: 978-1-897466-83-4 Copyright © 2013 CamInstructor Inc. - All rights reserved. This book is protected under the copyright c opyright laws of Canada and the United States. All rights are reserved. This document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent, in writing, from CamInstructor Inc. National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication To order additional copies of the book contact: CamInstructor Inc. 330 Chandos Crt, Kitchener, ON, N2A 3C2 Phone 1-877-873-6867 Fax 1-866-741-8421 email [email protected]

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the Publisher and Author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations repre sentations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this t his book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by representatives. The advice and strategies contained in this book may m ay not be suitable for the readers re aders or users situation. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any damage, loss or any other damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages including personal. Notice CamInstructor Inc. reserves the right to make improvements to this book at any time and without notice. Trademarks Haas is a registered trademark of Haas Automation, Inc. All brands are the trademark of their respective owners. Printed in Canada Requirements Use of the Multi-media CD/DVD requires re quires a computer with speakers, and CD/DVD ROM. June 18, 2013

 

CONTENTS  TABLE OF CONTENTS  LESSON-1 ..ABSOLUTE ..ABSOLUTE & INCREMENT INCREMENTAL AL POSITIONING................................................... ........................................................1 .....1

ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING - EXERCISE # 1................................. ................ ..................... .... 2 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING - EXERCISE #2.................................. ................. ..................... .... 3 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING - EXERCISE #3.................................. ................. ..................... .... 4 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING - EXERCISE #4.................................. ................. ..................... .... 5 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING - EXERCISE #5.................................. ................. ..................... .... 6 LESSON-2 ..INTRODUCTION ..INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES ........................................................................7 ................................................ ........................7

LATHE TOOLS .............................. ............ ................................... .................................. ................................... .................................... ........................ ...... 8 COMMONLY USED PREPARATORY G CODES.................................. ................. ................................... ........................ ...... 9 COMMONLY USED MISCELLANEOUS M CODES ................................... ................. .................................... .................. 11 RAPID G00 AND LINEAR G01 INTERPOLATION ........................................................ 12 EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS ............................................................ 13 MOVING TO MACHINE ZERO  – G28 AND G53 ......................................................... 16 G40, G41, & G42 TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION ....................................................... 17 LESSON-3 ..DRILLING .........................................................................................................19

DRILLING ON CENTERLINE – EXAMPLE .................................................................... 21 DRILLING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................................... 22 DRILLING ON CENTERLINE – EXERCISE #1 ................................................................ 25 LESSON-4 ..LINEAR INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION.................................................. ...................................................................................27 .................................27

FACING EXAMPLE ..................................................................................................... 29 LINEAR INTERPOLATION - EXAMPLE ........................................................................ 31 LINEAR INTERPOLATION – LESSON-4 EXERCISE #1 .................................................. 35

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS  CONTENTS  LESSON-5 ..TURNING CANNED CYCLES CYCLES ................................................................ ...............................................................................39 ...............39

ROUGH TURNING CANNED CYCLE EXAMPLE ........................................................... 43 ROUGH BORING CANNED EXAMPLE ........................................................................ 46 LESSON-6 ..CIRCULAR ..CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION...............................................................................49 .............................................. .................................49

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - EXERCISE #1 ............................................................... 51 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION BORING - EXERCISE #2 ................................................. 53 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION TURNING AND BORING -EXERCISE #3 ........................ 60 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION TURNING AND BORING -EXERCISE #4 ........................ 67 LESSON-7 ..TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION COMPENSATION ............................................................................73 .................................................... ........................73

TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION (G40, G41, & G42) .................................................... 74 CNC PROGRAMMING – G42 EXAMPLE .................................................................... 76 CNC PROGRAMMING – BORING EXAMPLE – G41 ................................................... 77 LESSON-8 ..GROOVING/PARTING ..GROOVING/PARTING OFF ............................................... ................................................................................79 .................................79

GROOVING EXAMPLE ............................................................................................... 80

PART-OFF EXAMPLE ................................................................................................. 81 GROOVING CYCLE-MULTIPLE PASS .......................................................................... 88 GROOVING CYCLE-SINGLE PASS FOR CUT-OFF ........................................................ 89 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE # 1 ..................................................................... 95

Table of Contents - 2

 

LESSON-9 THREADING ..................................................... ........................................................................................................101 ...................................................101

HAAS-G76 O.D/I.D THREAD CUTTING CYCLE ........................................................... 102 HAAS-G92 THREAD CUTTING CYCLE ........................................................................ 103 HAAS-M24 THREAD CHAMFER OFF ......................................................................... 104

THREADING OVERVIEW ........................................................................................... 105 THREADING EXAMPLE DRAWING ............................................................................ 108 THREADING EXERCISE .............................................................................................. 116 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................................121 ...............121

EXTRA CNC PROGRAMMING EXERCISES .................................................................. 122 PREPATORY FUNCTIONS – G-CODES ........................................................................ 131 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS – M-CODES .............................................................. 135 STANDARD DRILL SIZES  – INCHES ............................................................................ 136 INCH TAP DRILL SIZES ............................................................................................... 137 METRIC TAP DRILL SIZES .......................................................................................... 138 DISCRIMINATOR SOFTWARE INSTALLATION ........................................................... 139

Table of Contents - 3

 

Table of Contents - 4

 

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK

LESSON-1 ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL POSITIONING 

Page 1

 

LESSON-1 –  EXERCISE  EXERCISE #1 #1 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING

ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on a fixed zero reference point, known as ABSOLUTE ZERO (part zero). Each coordinate is in relation to this absolute zero using Cartesian or Rectangular Co Co-ordinates. -ordinates.

INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on the distance to the next location. Each coordinate is based on how far the tool is to move from start to finish. For an incremental move in X axis, we use U and for an incremental move in the Z axis a xis we use W. G91 is not used.

STARTING AT THE POINT O (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE PATH FROM O THROUGH T HROUGH ALL 9 POINTS AND BACK TO THE POINT O USING ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING

ABSOLUTE   ABSOLUTE

X

Z

INCREMENTAL

O (Origin)

O → 1 

1

1 → 2 

2

2 → 3 

3

3 → 4 

4

4 → 5 

5

5 → 6 

6

6 → 7 

7

7 → 8 

8

8 → 9 

9

9→O

Lathe Lesson 1 - 2 Page 2 

U

W

 

LESSON-1 –  EXERCISE  EXERCISE #2 #2 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING

ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on a fixed zero reference point, known as ABSOLUTE ZERO (part zero). Each coordinate is in relation to this absolute zero using Cartesian or Rectangular Co Co-ordinates. -ordinates.

INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on the distance to the next location. Each coordinate is based on how far the tool is to move from start to finish. For an incremental move in X axis, axis, we use U and for an incremental incremental move in the Z axis, we use W. G91 is not used.

STARTING AT THE POINT O (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE PATH FROM O THROUGH T HROUGH ALL 9 POINTS AND BACK TO THE POINT O USING ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING

ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE  

X

Z

INCREMENTAL

O (Origin)

O → 1 

1

1 → 2 

2

2 → 3 

3

3 → 4 

4

4 → 5 

5

5 → 6 

6

6 → 7 

7

7 → 8 

8

8 → 9 

9

9→O

U

W

Lathe Lesson 1 - 3 Page 3

 

 EXERCISE #3 #3 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING LESSON-1 –  EXERCISE

ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on a fixed zero reference point, known as ABSOLUTE ZERO (part zero). Each coordinate is in relation to this absolute zero using Cartesian Co-ordinates.

INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING All axis motions are based on the distance to the next location. Each coordinate is based on how far the tool is to move from start to finish. For an incremental move in X axis, axis, we use U and for an incremental move in the Z axis, we use W. G91 is not used.

STARTING AT THE POINT O (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE PATH FROM O THROUGH T HROUGH ALL 9 POINTS AND BACK TO THE POINT O USING ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING

ABSOLUTE   ABSOLUTE

X

Z

INCREMENTAL

O (Origin)

O → 1 

1

1 → 2 

2

2 → 3 

3

3 → 4 

4

4 → 5 

5

5 → 6 

6

6 → 7 

7

7 → 8 

8

8 → 9 

9

9→O

Lathe Lesson 1 - 4 Page 4

U

W

 

LESSON-1 –  EXERCISE  EXERCISE #4 #4 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING OD

STARTING AT THE POINT A (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE TOOLPATH THROUGH ALL THE POINTS USING  ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL INCREMENTAL POSIT POSITIONING IONING

ABSOLUTE  ABSOLUTE 

X

Z

INCREMENTAL

A

A → B

B

B→C

C

C→D

D

D→E

E

E→F

F

F→G

G

G→H

H

H→I

U

W

I

Lathe Lesson 1 - 5 Page 5 

 

LESSON-1 –  EXERCISE  EXERCISE #5 #5 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING OD

BEGIN AT START POINT SP (X3.75, Z0.25), DESCRIBE THE PATH FROM SP THROUGH POINTS A-K AND BACK TO POINT SP, USING ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING 

ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE  

X

Z

INCREMENTAL INCREMENT AL

SP (START POINT)

SP → A

A

A→B

B

B→C

C

C→D

D

D→E

E

E→F

F

F→G

G

G→H

H

H→I

I

I→J

J

J→K

K

K → SP

SP

Lathe Lesson 1 - 6 Page 6 

U

W

 

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK CODE

FUNCTION

G00

Rapid traverse motion; Used for non-cutting rapid moves of the machine axis to a location to be machined, or rapid retract retr act moves after cuts have been completed. Maximum rapid motion (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary on machine model.

G01

Linear interpolation motion; Used for actual machining and metal removal. Governed by a programmed feedrate in inches (or mm) per minute. Maximum feed rate (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary depending on the model of the machine.

G02

Circular Interpolation, Clockwise

G03

Circular Interpolation, Counterclockwise

G04

Dwell- Used with an X value for time t ime of dwell in seconds

G18

ZX Plane Selection

G20

Verify Inch Coordinate Positions

G21

Verify Metric Coordinate Positions

G28

Machine Home (Rapid traverse)

G40

Tool Nose Radius Compensation CANCEL

G41

Tool Nose Radius Compensation LEFT of the programmed path

G42

Tool Nose Radius Compensation RIGHT of the programmed path

G50

Max RPM Preset

G52

Local Coordinate system setting

G53

Machine Zero Positioning Coordinate Shift

G54-59

Select Coordinate System #1 - #6

LESSON-2 INTRODUCTION

TO

CNC CODES 

Page 7 

 

LESSON-2 – INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES LATHE TOOLS The CNC Lathe used in this text is set-up with following tools. All program examples and exercises in this workbook are typically using the same tools.

Turret #

Tool Descripti Description on

1

O.D. Right Hand Roughing Tool 80°

2

O.D. Right Hand Finishing Tool 55°

3

O.D. Profiling Tool 35°

4

Right Hand Parting Tool Width 0.118

5

O.D. Thread Tool

6

# 4 Centre Drill

7

1/4” Diameter Drill 

8

Boring Tool

Lathe Lesson 2 - 2 Page 8 

 

COMMONLY USED PREPARATORY G  CODES  CODE

FUNCTION

G00

Rapid traverse motion; Used for non-cutting rapid moves of the machine axis to a location to be machined, or rapid retract ret ract moves after cuts have been completed.

G01

Linear interpolation motion; Used for actual machining and metal removal. Governed by a programmed feedrate in inches (or mm) per minute.

G02

Circular Interpolation, Clockwise

G03

Circular Interpolation, Counterclockwise

G04

Dwell- Used with an X value for time t ime of dwell in seconds

G18

ZX Plane Selection

G20

Verify Inch Coordinate Positions

G21

Verify Metric Coordinate Positions

G28

Machine Home (Rapid traverse)

G40

Tool Nose Radius Compensation CANCEL

G41

Tool Nose Radius Compensation LEFT of the programmed path

G42

Tool Nose Radius Compensation RIGHT of the programmed path

G50

Max RPM Preset

G52

Local Coordinate system setting

G53

Machine Zero Positioning Coordinate Shift

G54-G59

Select Coordinate System #1 - #6 (Part zero offset location)

G70

Profile Finish Turning fixed cycle

G71

Profile Rough Turning fixed cycle – Z axis direction

G72

Profile Rough Turning fixed cycle – X axis direction

G73

Pattern Repetition cycle

G74

Drilling Cycle

G75

Grooving cycle

G76

Threading cycle

G80

Cancel Canned Cycle

G81

Drill Canned Cycle

G96

Constant Surface Speed (CSS)

G97

Direct RPM Input Mode (cancels CSS mode)

G98

Feed Rate per Minute

G99

Feed Rate per Revolution

Lathe Lesson 2 - 3 Page 9

 

PROGRAMMING NOTE As you may have noticed, there are no Incremental or Absolute modes included in the Preparatory Commands (G codes). On a CNC turning center or or Lathe, the mode is always set to Absolute and diameter, if an Incremental movement is required the letters U or W are used for X or Z respectively.

X OVERCUT Most lathe tools have a radius on the front f ront or cutting edge; it is referred to as Tool Nose Radius. This radius must be compensated for in the calculation of the tool path much like the tool radius offset in milling operations, this offset is known as Tool Nose Radius Compensation. Compensation. We will discuss this later on in this book but for now, know that when we program a facing operation we must account for the radius in our final X position of the facing move to create create a flat surface. This extra value that we program is sometimes referred to as overcut. 

Lathe Lesson 2 - 4 Page 10 

 

COMMONLY USED MISCELLANEOUS M  CODES  CODE

M00

M01

M03

FUNCTION The M00 code is used for a Program Stop command on the machine. It stops the spindle, turns off coolant and stops look-a-head processing. Pressing CYCLE START again will continue the program on the next block of the program. The M01 code is used for an Optional Program Stop command. Pressing the OPT STOP key on the control panel signals the machine to perform a stop command when the control reads an M01 command. It will then perform like an M00. Optional stops are useful when machining the first part to allow for inspection of the part as it is machined. Starts the spindle CLOCKWISE for most machining. Must have a spindle speed defined. The M03 is used to turn the spindle on at the beginning of program or after a tool change.

M04

Starts the spindle COUNTERCLOCKWISE. Must have a spindle speed defined.

M05

STOPS the spindle. If the coolant is on, the M05 will turn it off.

M08

Coolant ON command.

M09

Coolant OFF command.

M10

Open Chuck

M11

Close Chuck

M12

Tailstock Quill IN

M13

Tailstock Quill OUT

M17

Turret Indexing Forward

M18

Turret Indexing Reverse

M19

Spindle Orientation

M21

Tailstock Forward

M22

Tailstock Backward

M23

Thread Gradual pullout ON

M24

Thread Gradual pullout OFF

M30

Program End and Reset to the beginning of program.

M41

Low Gear selection

M42

Medium Gear selection 1

M43

Medium Gear selection 2

High Gear selection M44 c an be used in each block. The "M" codes will be the last NOTE: On the Haas lathe only one "M" code can command executed in a line, regardless re gardless of where it's located in that block.

Lathe Lesson 2 - 5 Page 11

 

RAPID G00 AND LINEAR G01 INTERPOLATION G00 RAPID TRAVERSE This code is used for rapid motion of the tool in air to traverse from one position to another as fast as possible. This code will work for both axis motions at once. This G00 code is modal and causes all the following blocks to be in rapid (up ( up to 1000 in./min.) motion until another Group 01 code is specified, for example G01 linear interpolation. Generally, rapid motions "will not" be in a straight line. All the axes specified are moved at the maximum speed and will not necessarily complete each axis move at the same time. It activates each axis drive motor independently of each other and, as a result, the axis with the shortest move will reach its destination first. So you need to be careful of any obstructions to avoid with this type of rapid move.

  G00 is used when you are positioning the tool in ‘fresh air’. 



  Retracting from a hole you have drilled.



  Rapid traverse is not used when cutting the part.



  Used incorrectly, rapid traverse will break a tool very easily and possibly remove the part



from the chuck.

G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION This G code provides for straight line li ne (linear) motion with programmed feedrate for all axis motions from point to point. Motion can occur with both axes at once. All axes specified will start at the same time and proceed to their destination and arrive simultaneously at the specified feedrate. To program a feedrate, the F command is used. The F command is modal and may be specified iin na previous block. G01 is used for

  Drilling a hole



  Turning a diameter



  Machining a profile I.D and O.D. 



  Grooving I.D and O.D. 



Lathe Lesson 2 - 6 Page 12 

 

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS  N10 G18 G20 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99 Many programs have a G code default line or “Safety Block” at Block” at the beginning of the program, this is to ensure the machine control is in a safe start condition before proceeding proceeding with the program. If the previous program had failed to cancel certain function this “Safety Block” would Block” would help ensure that the new program starts with the appropriate settings. For example the G codes below would perform the following at the start of the program: G18 - ZX Plane Selection G20 - Inch Programming G40 - Cancel Tool Nose Compensation G54 - Work Offset Command G80 - Cancels Canned Cycles G97 - Constant Non-Varying Spindle Speed G99 - Feed Per Revolution

MACHINE DEFAULTS  When the machine tool is powered on the t he control automatically recognizes a series of codes. On the Haas lathe the G codes listed below bel ow are set when the llathe athe is powered up:

G00 Rapid Traverse G18 XZ Circular Plane Selection G40 Cutter Compensation Cancel G54 Work Coordinate Zero #1 G64 Exact Stop Cancel G80 Canned Cycle Cancel G97 Constant Surface Speed Cancel G99 Feed Per Revolution

Lathe Lesson 2 - 7 Page 13

 

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS  % 

Programs must begin and end with “%”  (depending on the type of control.)

O00023

Letter “O” and up to a five digit program number .

Nnn - Sequence Number G18 - ZX Plane Selection N10 G18 G18 G20 G20 G40

G20 - Verify Inch G40 – Tool Nose Radius Compensation

Safety

Cancel

Startup Block

G80 - Canned Cycle Cancel N20 G80 G97 G99

G97 - Constant Non-Varying Non-Varying Spindle Speed G99 - Feed Per Revolution T0100 - Tool number #1 to be loaded into the

N30 T0100 M41

cutting position with no offset call. M41 – Select low gear if required G97 - constant surface surface speed off / revolution per

N40 G97 S500 M03

minute on spindle speed is set to 500 RPM M03 - Starts the spindle in a clockwise direction G00 – Rapid feed engagement. G54 - Select Coordinate System #1 G41 – Tool nose radius compensation to the left of the programmed tool path.

N50 G00 G54 G41 X2.0 Z0.3 T0101 M08

X2.0 – Tool will rapid to a position of 1.0 units from center line of part. Z0.3 – Tool will rapid to a position 0.3 units from finished face of part (finished face of part is usually set to Z0). T0101 – Confirms tool #1 and assigns offset #1 M08 – Start coolant pump

N60 G96 S450

G96 - Constant Constant surface speed speed on. Spindle will turn at S450 surface feet per minute. Surface speed is determined by adjusting the spindle speed based on the radius of cut. S450 - Cutting speed selection of 450 ft/min.

Lathe Lesson 2 - 8 Page 14

 

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM ENDING BLOCKS  G00 - Rapid Traverse N200 G00 U0.05 W0.05

U0.05 – Rapids tool 0.05 incrementally above last X position W0.05 – Rapids tool 0.05 incrementally away from last Z position

N210 M05 N220 G28 U0.

M05 – Turn off spindle G28 - Machine Zero Return U0 - X axis in the the up direction to machine zero

N230 G28 W0.

N240 M30

G28 - Machine Zero Return

Send to machine  zero X-axis first to avoid any crash.

W0 - Z axis to machine zero

M30 – End of Program and Reset

Note:

Depending on the setup of the lathe and to avoid any crashes while returning to machine zero it is usually best to move to machine zero in only one axis first. You need to be aware of where the tool is located and on its journey to machine zero, will it collide with anything?

Lathe Lesson 2 - 9 Page 15 

 

MOVING TO MACHINE ZERO – G28 and G53  G28 - FANUC RETURN TO MACHINE ZERO THROUGH REFERENCE POINT

The G28 code is used to return to the machine zero position on all axes. If you program G28 on its own the machine will move in the X and Z axis simultaneously to machine zero. To command only the turret to return to machine zero, and not the tailstock if one is being used, program in G28 U0 W0 to send only the X and Z axes home and the tailstock will remain in place.

G00 G28 X3.00 Z2.00 The above command would position the tool from the current position to the absolute position of X3.00 and Z2.00, and then to the X and Y axis machine zero point. This iiss a movement through an absolute intermediate point. point. This can be used used as a way to move to a clearance point and and then return to machine zero.

Haas has a G53 program code that works similar to G28. Example: G53 G00 X-2.0 Z-4.0 

The machine will move negative 2.0 inches from the machine zero position in the X axis, and negative 4.0 inches from home position in the Z axis. G53 G00 X0 Z0 

This block will send the turret to machine Zero.

Lathe Lesson 2 - 10 Page 16 

 

G40, G41, & G42 TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION When a program is created it is done so using the insert’s command or reference point (see figure

below). Tool Nose Compensation is used to offset the tool by a distance that will bring the cutting edge of the insert to the proper position in relation to the specific radius of the insert being used. The radius of the tool must be input into the controller and it will calculate the proper offset known as Tool Nose Compensation.

G40 TOOL COMPENSATION CANCEL G40 will cancel the G41 or G42 tool compensation commands that are in effect at the time.

G41 TOOL COMPENSATION LEFT (BORING) G41 will select tool compensation to the LEFT of the contouring direction; generally G41 is used for boring. The tool is compensated for the radius of the tool tip. The value of the compensation (tool radius) must be entered in the controller registry during set-up. 

G42 TOOL COMPENSATION RIGHT (TURNING) G42 will select tool compensation to the RIGHT of the contouring direction; generally G42 is used for turning. The tool is compensated for the radius of the tool tip. The value of the compensation (tool radius) must be entered in the controller registry during set-up. 

Lathe Lesson 2 - 11 Page 17 

 

Lathe Lesson 2 - 12 Page 18 

 

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK

LESSON-3 DRILLING 

Page 19

 

LESSON-3 CENTER DRILL & DRILLING  CENTER DRILLING Before most drilling operations take place a starting drill must be programmed to make a small hole for the larger drill that will will follow. The tool used to make make the starting hole is known known as a center drill, sizes of center drills vary and the use of the different sizes is governed by the size of the drill that will be used after. The following is a chart that will assist in choosing the proper size of the center drill and programming the correct Z depth.

DRILL POINT LENGTH On most engineering drawings the finished depth of the hole will be given from the front edge of the part to the end of the parallel part of the hole (not including the drill point). This poses a programming problem because we program from the point of the drill so any Z depth we specify has to include the length of the drill point. To do this we have a calculation to perform based on the diameter of the drill and the angle of the drill point (usually 118 ). Quite simply the °

calculation is as follows:

Drill Point Length = Diameter x Constant  Where DIA. refers to the drill diameter and the constant is stated in the following chart DRILL ANGLE CONSTANTS 

Page 20 

60°=

0.866

110°=

0.350

75°=

0.652

118°=

0.300

80°=

0.596

120°=

0.289

82°=

0.575

135°=

0.207

90°=

0.500

150°=

0.134

100°=

0.420

180°=

0.000

Lathe Lesson 3 - 2

 

DRILLING ON CENTRELINE EXAMPLE

Material: Al. 6061 CS= 700 ft/min

Tool #6 (#4 CENTRE DRILL) –  FACE  FACE MUST BE CENTRE DRILLED BEFORE DRILLING Tool #7 (Ø 0.25 DRILL) –  DRILL HOLE 0.75 DEEP Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D=

Z ZERO RIGHT FACE OF PART Feed =

% O00084 N3G18 G20 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99 N5T0600 M41 N9S2500 M03 N11G00 X0 Z1.0 T0606 M08 N13Z0.05 N15G98 N17G01 Z- 0.269 F7.0 N19G00 Z.1

(PROGRAM NAME, CENTRE DRILL AND DRILLING EXERCISE) (SAFETY BLOCK) (C/DRILL TOOL CALL NO OFFSETS AND GEAR RANGE) (START SPINDLE, CLOCKWISE ROTATION) (X CENTRE OF PART, Z SAFE DISTANCE FROM FRONT FACE OF PART) (RAPID TO 0.05 FROM FRONT FACE OF THE PART, NON-CUTTING MOVE) (FEEDRATE PER MINUTE) (FEED TOOL TO C'DRILL DEPTH, FEEDRATE=7.0" / MIN.) (RAPID RETRACT)

N21G00 X0 Z1.0 N23G28 U0 M09 N25G28 W0 N27M01 N29T0700 M41 N33S2000 M03 N35G00 X0 Z1.0 T0707 M08 N37Z0.05 N39G01 Z-0.375 F10.0 N41G00 Z.05 N43Z-.35 N45G01 Z-0.825 N47G00 Z.05 N49 G00 X0 Z1.0 T0707

(T0800 RAPID TO ORIGINAL START POSITION) (SEND TOOL TO HOME POSITION IN X AXIS) (SEND TOOL TO HOME POSITION IN Z AXIS) (OPTIONAL STOP) (0.25 DRILL TOOL CALL NO OFFSETS AND GEAR RANGE) (START SPINDLE,CLOCKWISE ROTATION) (X CENTRE OF PART, Z SAFE DISTANCE FROM FRONT FACE) (RAPID TO 0.05 FROM FRONT FACE OF THE PART, NON-CUTTING MOVE) (1st PECK FEED TOOL TO DRILL DEPTH, FEEDRATE=15.0" / MIN. ) (RAPID RETRACT TO CLEAR CHIPS) (RAPID BACK INTO HOLE) (2nd PECK FEED TOOL TO DRILL DEPTH) (RAPID RETRACT OUT OF HOLE) (RAPID TO ORIGINAL START POSITION)

N51G28 U0. N53G28 W0. N55M30 %

(SEND TOOL TO HOME POSITION IN X AXIS) (SEND TOOL TO HOME POSITION IN Z AXIS) (PROGRAM END)

Lathe Lesson 3 - 3

in/min 

Page 21

 

LESSON-3 DRILL CANNED CYCLE G81 G81   G80 CANCEL CANNED CYCLE A canned cycle permits multiple function programming on one block. A canned cycle is canceled with G80.  

G81 CANNED CYCLE DRILL Format: G81 X0 Z-0.625 R0.1 F10. X Z  R  F

Rapid X location (Optional)  Z-depth (Optional - Feed to Z-depth starting from R Plane) R-Plane (Rapid point to start feeding) Feed rate

This G code permits the inclusion of multiple axis motions on one block of program. It is used to reduce the length of program. All Z axis motions are in ABSOLUTE with any other axis motions unaffected. In a canned cycle drill, the cutter moves at rapid to the X and Z axis specified, then to a Z value in in  front of the hole hole at rapid rate to the R Plane, which which is a point clear of the the work piece. From the R Plane the drill feeds to the Z-depth at the specified feedrate. When the cutter reaches the Z depth, it retracts at rapid rate to the R Plane.

Example of G81: % O00187 (G81 Drilling) N1 G28 (Return to Machine Zero) N2 T0606 (1/4 DIA. DRILL - Tool 6 Offset 6) N3 G97 S1500 M03 N4 G54 G00 X0. Z1. M08 (Rapid to Initial Start Point) N5 G81 Z-0.625 R0.1 F0.005 (G81 Drilling Cycle) N6 G80 G00 Z1. M09 N7 G28 N8 M30 % 

Page 22

Lathe Lesson 3 - 4

Page 22   

G83   DEEP HOLE PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE G83 G83 DEEP HOLE PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE Format : G83 Z-2.5 Q0.5 R0.1 F10.  X* Rapid X-axis location  Z

Z-depth (feed to Z-depth starting from R plane)

W* Incremental Z-depth (feeding to Z-depth starting from R-plane) Q* Pecking equal incremental depth amount (if I, J and K are not used)  I* Size of first peck depth (if Q is not used)  J* Amount reducing each peck after first peck depth (if Q is not used) K* Minimum peck depth (if Q is not used)   P

Dwell time at Z-depth

R

R-plane (rapid point to start feeding)

F

Feed rate in inches (mm) per minute   * Indicates optional

This G code is similar to G81 but is used for drilling when the tool must be withdrawn periodically to allow chips to be removed from the hole. This cycle allows the tool to rapid to the R Plane, feeds towards the Z depth in increments (traversing to the R Plane and back to the point where drilling was interrupted after each increment) until the tool reaches the final Z depth.

Lathe Lesson 3 - 5

Page 23  

DEEP HOLE PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE G83 G83   Example of G83 using Q to define peck amount: In the example below Q is set to 0.2. When using G83 to peck drill a hole every pass will cut in by the Q amount 0.2, then rapid out to the R plane to clear chips and then rapid into the hole for the next Q peck amount until Z depth is reached.

% O00121 (G83 Peck Drilling) N1 G28 N2 T0707 (1/4 DIA. DRILL - Tool 7 Offset 7) N3 G97 S1900 M03 N4 G54 G00 X0. Z1. M08 (Rapid to Initial Start Point) N5 G83 Z-1.0 Q0.2 R0.1 F0.005 (G83 Peck Drilling Cycle with Q) N6 G80 G00 Z1. M09 N7 G28 N8 M30 %

Lathe Lesson 3 - 6

Page 24  

DRILLING ON CENTRELINE - LESSON-3 - EXERCISE #1

Material: Al. 6061 CS= ft/min

CREATE A DRILLING PROGRAM USING G83  –  Peck amount: 0.125”  Tool #6 (#4 CENTRE DRILL) –  FACE  FACE MUST BE CENTRE DRILLED BEFORE DRILLING Tool #7 (Ø 0.25 DRILL) –  DRILL HOLE TO APPROPRIATE DEPTH Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D= Depth of Hole = 1.42”

Z ZERO RIGHT FACE OF PART

Feed = Z Depth for Drilling Including Tip Length?________ Length?___________ ___

%

Lathe Lesson 3 - 7

in/min  Peck = 0.125

Page 25   

DRILLING ON CENTRELINE - LESSON-3 - EXERCISE #1 CONT.

Lathe Lesson 3 - 8

Page 26   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK

LESSON-4 LINEAR INTERPOLATION 

Page 27   

RAPID G00 AND LINEAR G01 INTERPOLATION G00 RAPID TRAVERSE This code is used for rapid motion of the tool in air to traverse from one position to another as fast as possible. This code will work for both axis motions at once. This G00 code is modal and causes all the following blocks to be in rapid (up to 1000 in./min.) motion until another Group 01 code is specified, for example G01 linear interpolation. Generally, rapid motions "will not" be in a straight line. All the axes specified are moved at the maximum speed and will not necessarily complete each axis move at the same time. It activates each axis drive motor independently of each other and, as a result, the axis with the shortest move will reach its destination first. So you need to be careful of any obstructions to avoid with this type of rapid move.

  G00 is used when you are positioning the tool in ‘fresh air’. 

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  Retracting from a hole you have drilled.

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  Rapid traverse is not used when cutting the part.

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  Used incorrectly, rapid traverse will break a tool very easily and possibly remove the part

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from the chuck.

G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION This G code provides for straight line li ne (linear) motion with programmed feedrate for all axis motions from point to point. Motion can occur with both axes at once. All axes specified will start at the same time and proceed to their destination and arrive simultaneously at the specified feedrate. To program a feedrate, the F command is used. The F command is modal and may be specified iin na previous block. G01 is used for

  Drilling a hole

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  Turning a diameter

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  Machining a profile I.D and O.D. 

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  Grooving I.D and O.D. 

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Lathe Lesson 4 - 2

Page 28   

FACING FACING After a work piece has been loaded into a lathe the first operation should be to face the end of the part to make it flat. This will allow the later turning and boring operations to start the cut without without having a sometimes large interrupted cut due to an uneven uneven face. There are fixed or canned cycles that can be programmed to do this but for now we will talk about manually programming this operation.

  A safe starting position away from the Outside Diameter (OD) of the rough material should

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be determined, as well as from the uneven front face of the raw material (X and Z).

  Depth of the face cut should be made from the “safe position” to the Z position required,

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then program the X cut along the face as linear l inear interpolation.

  If the material has a rough bore the X coordinate for facing should be programmed a

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sufficient amount smaller than the Inside Diameter (ID) of the bore, as there is no need to go to X0 this will eliminate “fresh air cutting”. 

  Don’t forget the overcut! The usual amount of of the overcut is not m much uch more than the

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radius of the facing insert, if too much overcut is programmed damage to the insert itself may occur due to rubbing of the cutting edge on the material. 

PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE –  FACING  FACING –  STOCK DIAMETER 1.375”  % O43 N1 G20 N2 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Program number) (Verify inch units) (Safety block)

N3 T0100 M41 N4 G50 S1200 N5 G97 S500 M03 N6 G00 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0101 M08 N7 G96 S700 N8 G01 Z0 F0.012 N9 X-0.05 N10 U0.05 W0.05 N11 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 N12 G28 U0 N13 G28 W0 M05 N14 M01

(Tool call T01 with gear selection) (Specify maximum RPM to 1200) (Start spindle 500 RPM CW) (Rapid to X1.7 Z0.25 safe position) (Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM) (Feed to Z0 finish front face of part) (Program tool to X-0.05 overcut by 0.05) (Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05)  (Rapid back to safe position) (Return to X machine home position) (Return to Z machine home position) (Optional stop)

N15 T0100 N16 M30 %

(Tool offset compensation canceled) (Program End)

Lathe Lesson 4 - 3

Page 29  

FACING EXAMPLE

  Example program to only face rough material (shown as a dashed line 1.625” diameter)   This example takes 2 face passes – The first rough face pass 0.005 away from the finish face.   For the second finish pass face at Z0. Z0 = finished face of part. part. Tool T01 is being used.

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% O43

(Program number)

N1 G20

(Verify inch units)

N3 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Safety block)

N5 T0100 M41

(Tool call T01 with gear selection)

N7 G50 S1200

(Specify maximum RPM to 1200)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(Start spindle 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0101 M08

(Rapid to Safe position, coolant on)

N13 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N15 G99 G01 Z0.005 F0.012

(G99=Feed per revolution)

N17 X-0.05

(Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05)

N19 U0.05 W0.05

(Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05) 

N21 G00 X 1.5

(Rapid out for second finish facing cut)

N23 Z0

(Move to Z Zero for final facing cut)

N25 G01 X-0.05

(Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05)

N27 U0.05 W0.05

(Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05) 

N29 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 M09

(Rapid back to safe position, coolant off)

N31 G28 U0

(Return to X machine home position)

N33 G28 W0 M05

(Return to Z machine home position)

N34 T0100

(Tool offset compensation canceled)

N35 M30

(Program End)

% Lathe Lesson 4 - 4

Page 30   

LINEAR ROUGH TURNING EXAMPLE

  LINEAR ROUGH TURNING EXAMPLE - ROUGHING TOOLPATH

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  This Example program faces the front of the part, one rough cut, one finish cut. t he bar stock the diameters are rough turned, leaving a small amount of   After facing the front of the

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material for a finish pass. For this example a maximum cut of 0.25 off the diameter is being taken, leaving 0.03 on the diameter and 0.005 on all Z faces. A finishing pass will be programmed in the next exercise. The bar stock is 1.5” diameter  X0 is centerline of the part, Z0 is the front face (far right) of the part All X positions are diameter, all Z positions past the front face are Z-  After facing the tool is retracted ret racted in X&Z (U&W) a small amount (0.05”) then rapids to the X diameter of the first Z feed across the rough OD of the part. The tool is once again retracted in X&Z (U&W) then rapids back to a safe position in Z, and then brought to the next position in X diameter for the next feed across and so on. The 0.0625 x 45° chamfers will be added later in the finishing tool path In this example the rough turning passes will w ill machine past the left end of the part by 0.2”.  The reason for this is to remove material prior to the parting off operation; this w will ill leave less material for the parting tool to remove.

Lathe Lesson 4 - 5

Page 31  

LINEAR ROUGH TURNING EXAMPLE % O00081 N1 G20 N3 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99 N5 T0100 M41 N7 G50 S3500

(PROGRAM NAME, ROUGH TURNING EXERCISE) (Verify inch units) (Safety block) (Tool call T01 with gear selection) (Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03 (Start spindle 500 RPM CW) N11 G00 G41 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0101 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, tool nose compensation (TNC), coolant on) N13 G96 S600 (Specify constant surface speed 600 SFM) N15 G99 G01 Z0.005 F0.010 (Feed to Z0.01 0.01 from finish front face of part G99=Feed per revolution) N17 X-0.05 (Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05) N19 U0.05 W0.05 (Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05) N21 G00 X1.7 (Rapid out for second finish facing cut) N23 Z0 (Move to Z Zero for final facing cut) N25 G01 X-0.05 (Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05) N27 U0.05 W0.05 (Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05) N29 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 (Rapid back to safe position for start of rough turning) N31 G96 S700 (Constant surface speed engaged at 700 SFM) N33 G42 X1.405 (Move to the first X diameter cutting position, TNC right) N35 G01 Z-2.2 (Feed to full length of part plus another 0.2 to allow for the parting tool) N37 U0.05 W0.05 (Retract off part in feed mode) N39 G00 Z0.25 (Rapid to safe position in front of part) N41 X1.250 (Move to the second X diameter cutting position) N43 G01 Z-1.495 (Feed to length of 0.5" shoulder, leaving 0.005 for finish) N45 U0.05 W0.05 (Retract off part in feed mode) N47 G00 Z0.25 (Rapid to safe position in front of part) N49 X1.0 (Move to the third X diameter cutting position) N51 G01 Z-1.495 (Feed to length of 0.5" shoulder, leaving 0.005 for finish on z) N53 U0.05 W0.05 (Retract off part in feed mode) N55 G00 Z0.25 (Rapid to safe position in front of part) N57 X0.905 (Move to the fourth X diameter cutting position, plus 0.030" on 0.875" N59 G01 Z-1.495 N61 U0.05 W0.05 N63 G00 Z0.25 N65 X0.655 N67 G01 Z-0.370 N69 U0.05 W0.05 N71 G00 Z0.25 N73 G40 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 N75 G28 U0 N77 G28 W0 M05 N79 M30

diameter) (Feed to length of 0.5" shoulder, leaving 0.005 for finish) (Retract off part in feed mode) (Rapid to safe position in front of part) (Move to the fifth X diameter cutting position, plus 0.030" on 0.625" diameter) (Feed to length of 0.375" shoulder, leaving 0.005 for finish on Z) (Retract off part in feed mode) (Rapid to safe position in front of part) (Cancel TNC offset, rapid to original start position) (Rapid to X machine home position) (Rapid to Z machine home position) (Program end)

%

Lathe Lesson 4 - 6

Page 32   

LINEAR FINISH TURNING EXAMPLE   CONTOUR THE FINISH PROFILE

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he finishing tool path to the   In the previous Example the part was rough turned, now we will add tthe

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

 

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rouging program. The continuation of this program is show b below elow The first part of the program progr am rough turns the part and then a tool change takes place to load up the finish tool The tool used to finish the contour will be a carbide insert with a 0.032” tool nose radius - Tool # 2

(End of roughing tool path on previous page - continue finish cut here)

N73 G40 G00 X1.7 Z0.25

(Cancel tool nose radius offset, rapid to original start position)

N75 G28 U0

(Rapid to x machine home position)

N77 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to z machine home position)

N79 T0202

(O.D. Right Hand Finishing Tool 55°)

N81 G50 S3500 N83 G97 S800 M03

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500) (Start spindle 800 RPM CW)

N85 G00 G42 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0202 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, TNC, coolant on) N87 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N89 G99 G01 X 0.5125 Z0.05 F0.006 N91 X0.625 Z-0.0625

(Feed to Z0.05 from finish front face of part & 0.05 below chamfer) chamfer)

(Cut chamfer at front of part)

N93 Z-0.375 N95 X0.875 N97 Z-1.5 N99 X1.3125 N101 X1.375 Z-1.5625

(Cut chamfer at left of part)

N103 Z-2.2 Lathe Lesson 4 - 7

Page 33  

LINEAR FINISH TURNING EXAMPLE - CONTINUED

N105 X1.625 N107 G00 Z0.25

(Rapid to safe position in front of part)

N109 G40 G00 X1.7 Z0.25

(Cancel tool nose radius offset, rapid to original start position)

N111 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N113 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

N115 M30

(Program end)

%

Lathe Lesson 4 - 8

Page 34  

LINEAR INTERPOLATION - LESSON-4 - EXERCISE #1        

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

 

PROFILE TURNING and DRILLING EXERCISE   Use the previous sample programs as a guide to complete the part shown below Z Zero is at the right face of the part Make from 1.5” diameter bar stock. 

Material: Alum T6061

% O49

(LINEAR INTERPOLATION EXERCISE #9)

Lathe Lesson 4 9

 

Page 35 

Page 36   

Lathe Lesson 4 10

Lathe Lesson 4 11

Page 37 

 

LINEAR INTERPOLATION - LESSON-4 - EXERCISE #1 EXAMPLE OF CUT-OFF Exe rcise #1 part would be cut-off using a parting tool.   The program below shows how the Lesson-4 Exercise

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(CUT OFF)

N137 T404

(Cut-Off Tool 0.118” wide)

N139 G97 S191 M03

(Start spindle 191 RPM CW)

N141 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 M8

(Rapid to safe position in front of part, Coolant on)

N143 G50 S3000

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N145 G96 S200

(Specify constant surface speed 200 SFM)

N147 Z-2.0

(Rapid move to Z-2.0, end of part)

N149 X1.6

(Rapid move to X1.6, clearance away from part)

N150 G99

(Feed Rate Per Revolution)

N151 G01 X-0.02 F0.002

(Feed to X-0.02 past center of part)

N153 G00 X1.7

(Rapid move to X1.7, clearance away from part)

N155 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N157 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

N169 M30

(Program end)

%

Lathe Lesson 4 - 12

Page 38   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK

LESSON-5 TURNING CANNED CYCLES 

Page 39  

LESSON 5 - TURNING CANNED CYCLES G71, G72 and G70  G70 

G71-G72 ROUGH TURNING CYCLE A canned cycle, which permits multiple function programming in one code, is very helpful to the programmer for ease of programming and more compact programs. The G71 cycle allows for rough turning in the Z- direction (towards the chuck) The G72 cycle allows for rough facing in the X- direction (towards the centerline of the part) 

G71 CANNED CYCLE – TWO LINE FORMAT Format: G71 U___ R___ G71 P___ Q___ U___ W___ F___S___

First G71 block U Depth of roughing cut  cut  R Amount of retract after each cut Second G71 block P  Q   U W F  S

First block number of finish contour Last block number of finish contour Amount of stock left for finish operation (diameter) X axis Amount of stock left on all faces for finish fi nish operation Z axis Feed rate in inches or mm /rev. Spindle speed in ft or m /min.

G72 CANNED CYCLE – TWO LINE FORMAT Format: G72 W___ R___ G72 P___ Q___ U___ W___ F___S___

First G71 block U Depth of roughing cut  cut  R Amount of retract after each cut Second G71 block P  Q   U W F  S

First block number of finish contour Last block number of finish contour Amount of stock left for finish operation (diameter) X axis Amount of stock left on all faces for finish operation Z axis Feed rate in inches or mm /rev. Spindle speed in ft or m /min.

Lathe Lesson 5 - 2

Page 40   

LESSON 5 - TURNING CANNED CYCLES G71 G71   G71 CANNED CYCLE – HAAS ONE LINE FORMAT G71 O.D./I.D. STOCK REMOVAL CYCLE The type described below is a TYPE I geometry path and is when the X-axis of the programmed path does not change direction. This type of path is called monotonic. Format: G71 P___ Q___ U___ W___ F___S___ P Q   U* W*

First block number of finish contour  contour  Last block number of finish contour Finish stock remaining with direction (+or -), X-axis diameter value Finish stock remaining with direction (+or -), Z-axis value

IK** D* F  R1* R1 * S** T**

Last radius value Last pass pass amount amount with with direction direction (+or (+or -), -), X-axis Z-axis value Depth of cut stock removal each pass, positive radius value (Setting 72) Roughing passes feed rate throughout this cycle YASNAC type II roughing (only (only if setting setting 33 is on Yasnac) Spindle speed in this cycle Tool and offset in this cycle

* Indicates optional ** Rarely defined in a G71 line

Lathe Lesson 5 - 3

Page 41

 

LESSON 5 - FINISHING CANNED CYCLE G70 G70  

G70 FINISH TURNING/BORING CANNED CYCLE Format :

G70 P__ Q__ F__ S__ S__  

P= First block number of the finish contour Q= Last block number of the finish f inish contour F= Cutting feedrate for the finishing (overrides the feed in roughing contour) S= spindle speed (overrides speed in roughing contour) This canned cycle is used after the roughing canned canned cycle is finished. It does not have to be run directly after the roughing cycle but can be run in the same main program. program. The start and finish blocks of the original definition of the profile that was used in the rough cycle are used to define the contour of the finish cycle. It is recommended that the same start point is used for both both rough and finish cycles to ensure safe tool paths of both operations.

TYPICAL O.D. FINISH CANNED CYCLE N37 T0500 M42 N38 G96 S500 M03 N39 G42 X__ Z__ T0505 M08 N40 G70 P11 Q19 F12.0  N41 G00 G40 X__ Z__ T0100 N42 M01

(OD FINISH TOOL & GEAR SEL.) (CSS. SPEED) (TOOL COMPENSATION & START POS.) (CALL LINES FOR FINISH COORDS)

TYPICAL I.D. FINISH CANNED CYCLE N43 T0700 M42 N44 G96 S475 M03 N45 G00 G41 X__ Z__ T0707 M08 N46 G70 P27 Q34 F12.0  N47 G00 G40 X__ Z__ T0700 N48 M01

(ID FIN TOOL & GEAR SEL.) (CSS. SPD) (TOOL COMPENSATION & START POS.) (CALL LINES FOR FIN. COORDS)

Lathe Lesson 5 - 4

Page 42   

LESSON 5 – EXAMPLE - ROUGH AND FINISH TURNING CANNED CYCLES   In the previous lesson the part shown below was programmed as an exercise, the program in the

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previous lesson did not use canned cycles to rough the diameters. In this example program the part will be programmed using canned cycle G71 to rough the diameters of the part and G70 to Finish machine the contour Z Zero is at the right face of the part The part is being made from 1.5” diameter bar stock 

  This Example program faces the front of the part, then a series of rough cuts and one finish cut. t he bar stock the diameters are rough turned, leaving a small amount of   After facing the front of the

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material for a finish pass. For this example a maximum cut of 0.1 off the diameter is being taken, leaving 0.03 on the diameter and 0.005 on all Z faces. In this example the rough rough turning passes will machine past the left end of the part by 0.2”. The reason for this is to remove material mate rial prior to the parting off operation; this will leave less mater material ial for the parting tool to remove

Material: Alum’ T6061 

Lathe Lesson 5 - 5

Page 43

 

LESSON 5 – EXAMPLE - ROUGH AND FINISH TURNING CANNED CYCLES % O49

(Roughing Cycle Example - Lesson-5)

(Face Front of Part one cut) N1 G20

(Verify inch units)

N3 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Safety block)

N5 T0100

(Tool call T01)

N7 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(Start spindle 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G41 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0101 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, TNC, coolant on) N13 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N15 G99 G01 Z0 F0.010

(Feed to Z0.01 0.01 from finish front face of part G99=Feed per revolution)

N17 X-0.05

(Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05)

N19 U0.05 W0.05

(Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05) Z0 .05) 

N21 G00 G40 X1.7 Z0.25

(Rapid back to safe position for start of rough turning)

(Rough Turn O.D.) N23 G71 P25 Q47 U0.03 W0.005 D0.1 F0.010 (G71 Rough Turning Cycle) N25 G00 G42 X0.4187

(P and G42 With the start of Geometry)

N27 G99 G01 X 0.4187 Z0.05 F0.006 N29 X0.5 Z-0.0312

(Feed to Z0.05 from from finish finish front face of part & 0.05 below below chamfer)

(Cut chamfer at front of part)

N31 Z-0.375 N33 X0.875 N35 Z-0.875 N37 X1.0 Z-1.5 N39 Z-1.75 N41 X1.45 N43 Z-2.2 N45 X1.6 N47 G40 G00 X 1.7

(Q End of Geometry. Machine off of part and cancel compensation)

N49 G00 X1.7 Z0.25

(Rapid back to safe position)

N51 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N53 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

Lathe Lesson 5 - 6

Page 44  

LESSON 5 – EXAMPLE - ROUGH AND FINISH TURNING CANNED CYCLES (Finish Cut)  N55 T0202

(O.D. Right Hand Finishing Tool 55°)

N57 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N59 G97 S800 M03

(Start spindle 800 RPM CW)

N61 G00 G42 G54 X1.7 Z0.25 T0202 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, TNC, coolant on) N63 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N65 G70 P25 Q47

( G70 Finishing OD)

N67 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N69 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

(Centre Drill - G81 Canned Cycle Drill) N71 T0600

(Tool call T08)

N73 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N75 G97 S2500 M03

(Start spindle 2500 RPM CW)

N77 G00 G54 X1.7 X1 .7 Z0.25 T0606 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, coolant on) N79 G00 X0 Z0.25 N81 G98 G81 Z-0.269 R0.1 F7.0

(G81 Drilling Cycle)

N83 G80 N85 G28 

(Drill 1/4" - G83 Canned Cycle Peck Drill)  N87 T0707

(1/4 DIA. DRILL - Tool 07)

N89 G97 S2500 M03 N91 G00 G54 X1.7 X1 .7 Z0.25 T0707 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, coolant on) N93 G00 X0 Z0.25 N95 G98 G83 Z-0.825 Q0.125 R0.1 F10.0 N97 G80 N99 G28 N101 M30 %

(Program end)

Lathe Lesson 5 - 7

Page 45 

 

LESSON 5 - EXAMPLE - ROUGH AND FINISH BORING CANNED CYCLES

Material: Aluminium CS=700ft/min

1.  2.  3.  4. 

1/2” diameter drill has already been used to drill though the part, front face has been faced Example shows below the Rough and Finish Boring Tool path using the above drawing Use G71 (Roughing Towards The Chuck In Z Axis) G70 for finish cut Leave 0.010” on diameters, Leave 0.003 ” on faces for finish cut

1. Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D=________

1. Feed =0.003 in per rev 

1. Depth of Cut=0.030” 

% O67

(Roughing and Finishing Cycles - Boring)

N1 G20

(Verify inch units)

N3 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Safety block)

N5 T0800

(Tool call T08 - Rough Boring Tool)

N7 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(Start spindle 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 T0808 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, coolant on) N13 G96 S700 (Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM) N15 X0.490 Z0.1

Lathe Lesson 5 - 8

Page 46   

LESSON 5 - EXAMPLE - ROUGH AND FINISH BORING CANNED CYCLES  CYCLES  (Rough Bore) N17 G71 P19 Q31 U-0.01 W0.005 D0.03 F0.005 F0.005 (G71 Rough Turnin Turning g Cycle) N19 G00 G41 X0.875 Z0.1

(P and G41 With the start of Geometry)

N21 G01 Z-0.25 N23 X0.625 N25 Z-0.5 N27 X0.52 N29 Z-0.65

(Bore past end of part)

N31 G40 X0.49 (Q End of Geometry)

(Finish Cut – Same Boring Tool) N33 G96 S800

(Specify constant surface speed 800 SFM)

N35 G70 P19 Q31 Q31 F0.004 (G70 Finishing Finishing OD) N37 G00 Z0.25

(Rapid to safe position in front front of part)

N39 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N41 G28 W0 M05 M05 N43 M30 %

(Rapid to Z machine home position) position)

(Program end)

Lathe Lesson 5 - 9

Page 47 

 

LESSON 5 - TOOL TIP ORIENTATION Toolpaths are programmed using the coordinates of the true t rue profile, much like a mill but because there the re are many possible positions of the tool point called called the “command point” or “Tool Tip Orientation”. You have to enter the position from 1-9 in the tool (T) column on the offset page during part set-up.

These are the eight possible tool positions, the ninth position is a neutral one, sometimes used when no tool offset is needed.

Once the tool position has been determined, the position is entered as the appropriate number in the chart below in the T column. This chart is only a graphic representation of a lathe offset page.

TOOL # 1 2 3 4 5

X

Y

R

T

Lathe Lesson 5 - 10

Page 48   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK

LESSON-6 CIRCULAR

INTERPOLATION 

Page 49  

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION G02 & G03

G03 (CCW) U.125 W-.125 I0 K-.125 F15.0 

G02 (CW) U.25 W-.25 I.25 K0 F15.0  

XZ PLANE

G02

U.25 W-.25

I 0.25 K0

F15.

Clockwise

Arc End Point (optional incremental)

Incremental Distance from the tool start point to the center of arc 

Feed rate 15 in/min 

G03

U.125 W-.125

I 0. J-.125

F15.

Counter Clockwise 

Arc End Point (optional incremental) 

Incremental Distance from the tool start point to the center of arc 

Feed rate 15 in/min 

When the machine is required to move in a straight line under a controlled federate, linear interpolation is used (G01). When it is necessary to travel in the circular motion in any plane (XY, YZ, XZ), circular interpolation is used (G02, G03). The velocity at which the tool is moving m oving is controlled by the feed rate (F) command. All circular interpolation moves are defined and machined by programming progr amming three pieces of information into the control.

1.  DIRECTION OF TRAVEL: CLOCKWISE G02, COUNTER CLOCKWISE G03 2.   ARC END POINT: X AXIS, AXIS, Z AXIS 3.   ARC CENTER: INCREMENTAL DISTANCE FROM START POINT TO ARC CENTER (I AND K)

Lathe Lesson 6 - 2

Page 50   

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #1 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION-OD

WORK OUT ALL THE VALUES

  When programming lathe coordinates only the “top half” of the part needs to be profiled,



because the part is turning around, the full round part is machined.   Don’t forget to program in diameters and double the radii to calculate diameter positions   The front finished face is Z0.   Note that when programming fillets and radii for turning, most of the time it i t is easier e asier to do so incrementally (U and W).



 

POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

X 0

U -

Z 0

W -

I -

K -

0.375

0.0625

-0.0625

-0.0625

0

-0.0625

Lathe Lesson 6 - 3

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #1 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION-OD (CONT.)  (CONT.)           

    

Contour the profile as shown on the previous page. Start from machine home and rapid to a safe zone. Face the front of the part, don’t forget the overcut!   Program the contour using the above coordinates as a guide. Material: Aluminum 6061 & Use appropriate Spindle Speed and Feedrate.

% O63

(PROGRAM NUMBER)

N1 G20

(VERIFY INCH MODE)

N2 G18 G40 G80 G99

(SAFETY LINE WITH FEED AS INCH\REV.)

N3 G0 T0202

(TOOL CALL)

N4 G50 S3500

(SET MAX. SPEED AT 3500 RPM)

N5 G97 S____ M03

(START SPINDLE ____ RPM CLOCKWISE ROTATION)

N6 G00 G54 G41 X___Z___ T0202 M08 (TOOL NOSE RADIUS OFFSET, SAFE POSITION , COOLANT ON) N7 G96 S___

(CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED ENGAGED)

N8 G1 X-.05 F.008 N9 G0 Z.1

(FEED TO X0 + OVERCUT) (PULL OFF FROM PART)

N10 G01 G42 X0.2

(FEED TO X0.2 ACTIVATE TOOL NOSE RADIUS OFFSET)

N11 G01 Z0 F___

(FEED INTO FRONT FACE TO Z0)

N12 X___

(FEED UP FRONT FACE TO START OF FIRST RADIUS)

N13 G03 X___ Z___ K___

(CUT FIRST RADIUS)

N14 G01 Z___

(FEED ALONG 0.375 DIA.)

N15 G02 X__ Z___ I___

(CUT FIRST FILLET)

N16 G03 X___Z___ K___

(CUT SECOND RADIUS)

N17 G01 Z___ N18 G02 X___Z___ I___

(FEED ALONG 0.625 DIA.) (CUT SECOND FILLET)

N19 G03 X___ Z___ K___

(CUT THIRD RADIUS)

N20 G01 Z___

(FEED ALONG FINAL DIA. 0.2 PAST END OF PART)

N21 U0.1

(PART PULL OFF INCREMENTAL)

N22 G00 G40 X___ Z___ T0202 M09

(RAPID TO SAFE ZONE)

N23 G28 U0.

(RAPID TO Z MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N24 G28 W0. M05.

(RAPID TO X MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N25 M30

(PROGRAM END)

%

Page 51

Lathe Lesson 6 - 4

Page 52   

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES, CREATE A PROGRAM TO: T O: 1.  FACE. 2.  TURN OUTSIDE DIAMETER ONE CUT. 3.  DRILL 0.5” DIAMETER. 4.  ROUGH AND FINISH THE BORE USING CANNED CYCLES AS USED IN LESSON 5. 5.  CUT-OFF. 6.  Z ZERO IS THE FRONT FACE OF THE PART 7.  USE THE LESSON 6 VIDEOS TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE PROGRAMMING PROCESS.

Lathe Lesson 6 - 5

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - DRAWING

Page 53

Lathe Lesson 6 - 6

Page 54  

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

USE THE CHART BELOW TO WORK OUT THE COORDINATES OF THE TOOL AS IT MOVES AROUND THE BORE.  I = INCREMENTAL DISTANCE ALONG ALONG THE X-AXIS FROM FROM THE TOOL START POINT POINT TO THE CENTER OF ARC (ARC PIVOT POINT)  K = INCREMENTAL INCREMENTAL DISTANCE ALONG ALONG THE Z-AXIS FROM FROM THE TOOL START POINT POINT TO THE CENTER CENTER OF ARC (ARC PIVOT POINT)  POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

X

U

Z

W

I

K

Lathe Lesson 6 - 7

Page 55 

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

PROGRAMMING NOTE 

BEFORE MACHINING A BORE IN A SOLID PIECE OF STOCK A HOLE WILL HAVE TO BE DRILLED TO ALLOW THE BORING BAR TO DO IT’S JOB.

POSITION 1 2 3

COORDINATES TO DRILL X U Z 0

W

Lathe Lesson 6 - 8

Page 56   

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION % O193 (Lesson-6-Ex-2) N1

G20

N3 G18 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

Lathe Lesson 6 - 9

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

Page 57 

Page 58 

Lathe Lesson 6 - 10

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #2 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

Lathe Lesson 6 - 11

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #3 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES, CREATE A PROGRAM TO: T O: 1.  FACE. 2.  ROUGH TURN OUTSIDE DIAMETER ONE CUT USING CANNED CYCLES. 3.  FINISH TURN OUTSIDE DIAMETER ONE CUT USING CANNED CANNED CYCLES. 4.  DRILL 0.5” DIAMETER. 5.  ROUGH AND FINISH THE BORE USING CANNED CYCLES AS USED IN LESSON 5. 6.  CUT-OFF. 7.  Z ZERO IS THE FRONT FACE OF THE PART 8.  USE THE LESSON 6 VIDEOS TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE PROGRAMMING PROCESS.

Page 59

Page 60 

Lathe Lesson 6 - 12

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #3 G02/G03 - DRAWING

Lathe Lesson 6 - 13

Page 61

 

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #3 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

USE THE CHART BELOW TO WORK OUT THE COORDINATES OF THE TOOL AS IT MOVES AROUND THE BORE.  I = INCREMENTAL DISTANCE ALONG ALONG THE X-AXIS FROM THE TOOL START POINT TO THE CENTER OF ARC (ARC PIVOT POINT)  K = INCREMENTAL INCREMENTAL DISTANCE ALONG ALONG THE Z-AXIS FROM FROM THE TOOL START POINT POINT TO THE CENTER CENTER OF ARC (ARC PIVOT POINT)  POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

X

U

Z

W

I

K

Lathe Lesson 6 - 14

Page 62   

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #3 G02/G03

PROGRAMMING NOTE 

BEFORE MACHINING A BORE (ID) IN A SOLID PIECE OF STOCK A HOLE WILL HAVE TO BE DRILLED TO ALLOW THE BORING BAR TO DO IT’S JOB.

POSITION 1 2 3

COORDINATES TO DRILL X U Z 0

W

Lathe Lesson 6 - 15

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #3 G02/G03 (CONT.) (CONT.)   % O187 (Lesson-6-Ex-3)

Page 63

Page 64

Lathe Lesson 6 - 16

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #3 G02/G03 (CONT.) (CONT.)  

Lathe Lesson 6 - 17

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #3 G02/G03 (CONT.) (CONT.)  

Page 65 

Lathe Lesson 6 - 18

Page 66   

LESSON-6 EXERCISE #4 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES, CREATE A PROGRAM TO: T O: 1.  FACE. 2.  ROUGH TURN OUTSIDE DIAMETER ONE CUT USING CANNED CYCLES. 3.  FINISH TURN OUTSIDE DIAMETER ONE CUT USING CANNED CYCLES. 4.  DRILL 0.5” DIAMETER. 5.  ROUGH AND FINISH THE BORE USING CANNED CYCLES AS USED IN LESSON 5. 6.  CUT-OFF. 7.  Z ZERO IS THE FRONT FACE OF THE PART 8.  USE THE LESSON 6 VIDEOS TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE PROGRAMMING PROCESS.

Lathe Lesson 6 - 19

Page 67 

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #4 G02/G03 TURNING AND BORING  - DRAWING

Lathe Lesson 6 - 20

Page 68   

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #4 G02/G03 TURNING AND BORING

PROGRAMMING NOTE 

BEFORE MACHINING A BORE (ID) IN A SOLID PIECE OF STOCK A HOLE WILL HAVE TO BE DRILLED TO ALLOW THE BORING BAR TO DO IT’S JOB.

POSITION 1 2 3

COORDINATES TO DRILL X U Z 0

W

Lathe Lesson 6 - 21

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #4 G02/G03 TURNING AND BORING  BORING   % O1345 ( Lesson-6-Ex-4)

Page 69

Page 70 

Lathe Lesson 6 - 22

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #4 G02/G03 (CONT)

Lathe Lesson 6 - 23

 

LESSON 6 EXERCISE #4 G02/G03 (CONT)

Page 71

Lathe Lesson 6 - 24

Page 72   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK 

LESSON-7 TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION 

Page 73  

G40, G41, & G42 TOOL G42 TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION When a program is created it is done so using the insert’s command or reference point reference point (see figure

below). Tool Nose Compensation is used to offset the tool by a distance that will bring the cutting edge of the insert to the proper position in relation to the specific radius of the insert being used. The radius of the tool must be input into the controller and it will calculate the proper offset known as Tool Nose Compensation.

G40 TOOL COMPENSATION CANCEL G40 will cancel the G41 or G42 tool compensation commands commands that are in effect at the time.

G41 TOOL COMPENSATION LEFT (BORING) G41 will select tool compensation to the LEFT LEFT of  of the contouring direction; generally G41 is used for boring. The tool is compensated for the radius of the tool tip. The value of the compensation (tool radius) must be entered in the controller registry during set-up. 

G42 TOOL COMPENSATION RIGHT (TURNING) G42 will select tool compensation to the RIGHT RIGHT of  of the contouring direction; generally G42 is used for turning. The tool is compensated for the radius of the tool tip. The value of the compensation (tool radius) must be entered in the controller registry during set-up. 

Lathe Lesson 7 - 2

Page 74  

G40, G41, & G42 TOOL G42 TOOL NOSE COMPENSATION Tool Nose Compensation is used to offset the tool by a distance that will bring the cutting edge of the insert to the proper position in relation to the specific radius of the insert being used.   The radius of the tool must be input into the CNC controller and it will calculate the proper offset known as Tool Nose Radius Compensation.

  G40 is Tool Nose Radius Compensation CANCEL   G41 is Tool Nose Radius Compensation LEFT of the programmed path   G42 is Tool Nose Radius Compensation RIGHT of the programmed path

 



The shift direction is based on the direction of the tool movement relative to the tool, and which side of the part it is on. When thinking about which direction the compensated shift will occur in tool nose compensation, imagine looking down the tool tip and steering the tool. Tool nose compensation works by shifting the Programmed Programmed Tool Path to the right or to the left. The programmer will usually program the tool path to the finished size. When tool nose compensation is used, the CNC control will will compensate  compensate for the radius of the insert based on instructions written into the program. At the CNC machine Tool Nose Compensation Compensation accomplishes its job by reading ahead one or two blocks to determine how it must modify the current programmed block of code. This is done, so that the control can calculate in advance, how to position around radiuses and angles with a specified tool nose radius. This is referred to as Block Look-A-head Or Look-Ahead Processing. Tool nose compensation does not need to be used when the programmed cuts are solely along the X axis (diameters) or Z axis (faces). Cutter compensation comes into effect on angled cuts and radius cuts.

Lathe Lesson 7 - 3

Page 75 

 

EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING G42

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMMING WITH TOOL NOSE RADIUS OFFSET %  O73

(PROGRAM NAME, FINISH TURNING EXERCISE)

N1 G20

(Verify inch units)

N3 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Safety block)

N5 T0200

(O.D. Right Hand Finishing Tool 55°)

N7 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N9 G97 S800 M03

(Start spindle 800 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G42 G54 X1.5 Z0.25 T0202 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, TNC, coolant on) N13 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N15 G99 G01 X 0.5125 Z0.05 F0.006 (Feed to Z0.05 from finish front face of part & 0.05 b below elow chamfer) N17 X0.625 Z-0.0625

(Cut chamfer at front of part)

N19 Z-0.375 N21 X0.875 N23 Z-1.5 N25 X1.3125 N27 X1.375 Z-1.5625

(Cut chamfer at left of part)

N29 Z-2.2 N31 X1.625 N33 G00 Z0.25

(Rapid to safe position in front of part)

N35 G40 G00 X1.5 Z0.25

(Cancel tool nose radius offset, rapid to original start position)

N37 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N39 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

N41 M30

(Program end)

% Lathe Lesson 7 - 4

Page 76   

EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING G41 - BORING

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMMING WITH TOOL NOSE RADIUS OFFSET - BORING %  O1345

(G41 - Finishing - Boring - Pre Drilled Hole 0.5")

N1 G20

(Verify inch units)

N3 G18 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99 (Safety block) block) N5 T0800

(Tool call T08 - Boring Tool 0.008" TIP RADIUS)

N7 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(Start spindle 500 RPM CW)

N11 G99 N13 G00 X1.7 Z0.25 T0808 M08 (Rapid to Safe position, coolant on) N15 G96 S700 N17 X0.490 Z0.1

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N19 G00 G41 X0.935 Z0.1 N21 G01 Z0 N23 G02 X0.875 Z-0.03 I0 K-0.03 N25 G01 Z -0.075 N27 G03 X0.775 Z-0.125 I-0.05 K0 N29 G01 X0.740 N31 G02 X0.700 Z-0.145 I0 K-0.020

Lathe Lesson 7 - 5

 

EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING G41 - BORING - CONTINUED

N33 G01 Z-0.200 N35 G03 X0.600 Z-0.250 I-0.05 K0 N37 G01 X0.580 N39 G02 X0.540 Z-0.270 R0.02 N41 G01 Z-0.80 (Bore past end of part) N43 G40 X0.49 N45 G00 Z0.25

(Rapid to safe position in front of part)

N47 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N49 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

N51 M30

(Program end)

% 

Page 77 

Lathe Lesson 7 - 6

Page 78   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK 

LESSON-8 GROOVING/PART-OFF 

Page 79  

GROOVING GROOVING  When a circular slot or groove is needed in a part a special shaped tool may be needed. A grooving tool is the tool that is most commonly used. It comes in many shapes and sizes sizes but usually has one thing in common, which is that it feeds straight in along the X axis and plunges into the part. A grooving tool is typically used to plunge into the part and make a groove around the part, but some grooving inserts are designed to cut in the X and Z axis direction.  

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMMING A GROOVING OPERATION O0001400(TYPICAL GROOVING EXAMPLE) N1 G20... N90 T0900 M42

(TOOL CALL & GEAR SELECTION)

N91 G97 S650 M03

(SET SPEED AND TURN CLOCKWISE)

N92 G00 X1.0 Z0.25 T0909 M08

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION & PICK-UP OFFSETS)

N93 Z-0.375

(RAPID TO GROOVE POSITION)

N94 G01 X0.675 F0.004

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N95 G04 P0.5

(DWELL 0.5 SECOND)

N96 X1.0 F0.05

(FAST FEED OUT)

N97 G00 W-0.375

(INCREMENTAL RAPID TO NEXT LOCATION)

N98 G01 X0.675 F0.004

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N99 G04 P0.5

(DWELL 0.5 SECOND)

N100 X1.0 F0.05

(FAST FEED OUT)

N101 G00 X1.0 Z0.25 T0900 M09 N102 M01

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION CANCEL OFFSETS) (OPTIONAL STOP)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 2

Page 80   

PARTING-OFF PARTING-OFF  Parting-off is very similar to grooving but instead of stopping at a required depth of groove, the part-off tool is able to go right to the center of the part to allow the finished part to fall away a way from the chuck of the lathe. The design of the tool may be similar but the intent is very different.

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMMING A PART-OFF OPERATION O0001400(TYPICAL PART-OFF EXAMPLE) N1 G20... N90 T0900 M42

(TOOL CALL & GEAR SELECTION)

N91 G99 G97 S500 M03

( FEED PER REV., SET SPEED(RPM) AND TURN CLOCKWISE)

N92 G00 X2.25 Z-2.0 T0909 M08

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION & ACTIVATE OFFSET)

N93 G96 S200

(SET C.S.S. 200 SF\M)

N94 G01 X-0.05 F0.004

(FEED TO FINISH PART-OFF DEPTH)

N95 X2.25 F0.05

(FAST FEED OUT)

N96 G00 Z0.25 T0900 M09

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION CANCEL OFFSETS)

N97 G28 W0

(RAPID TO MACHINE HOME Z)

N98 G28 U0

(RAPID TO MACHINE HOME X)

N102 M01

(OPTIONAL STOP)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 3

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - DRAWING

Page 81

Lathe Lesson 8 - 4

Page 82   

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART PART OFF - EXAMPLE - MACHINING PROCESS

  Machining Process 1.  Face. 2.  Turn outside diameter one cut. 3.  Groove two slots 4.  Dwell at bottom of each grooving cut. This ensures a clean cu cutt at the bottom of the groove. 5.  Cut-off. 6.  Z zero is the front face of the part 7.  The grooving\part-off tool is 0.118” wide   8.  Program right hand side of grooving\part-off tool 9.  Machine to finish depth with every plunge 10. Material is ø1.125 aluminum 

Lathe Lesson 8 - 5

Page 83

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Face and Turn OD

% O186

(GROOVING & PART-OFF LESSON-8-EXAMPLE)

(FACE FRONT OF PART - TURN OD ONE CUT) N1 G20

(VERIFY INCH MODE)

N3 G18 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(SAFETY BLOCK)

N5 T0100

(TOOL CALL T01)

N7 G50 S3500

(SPECIFY MAXIMUM RPM TO 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(START SPINDLE 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G41 G54 X1.5 Z0.25 T0101 M08 (RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, TNC, ACTIVATE OFFSET, COOLANT ON) N13 G96 S700

(SPECIFY CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED 700 SFM)

N15 G99 G01 Z0 F0.010

(FEED TO Z0. G99=FEED PER REVOLUTION)

N17 X-0.05

(MOVE TOOL TO X-0.05, OVERCUT BY 0.05)

N19 U0.05 W0.05

(INCREMENTAL “PULL OFF” FROM PART FACE X0.05 Z0.05)  

N21 G00 G40 X1.25 Z0.25

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, CANCEL TNC)

N23 G01 G42 X1.100 Z0.1 F0.005

(ACTIVATE TNC, FEED TO FINISH DIAMETER)

N25 G01 Z-1.375

(FEED TO LENGTH + 0.125)

N27 X1.15

(“PULL OFF” FROM PART AT FEED RATE)

N29 G40 G00 X 1.5

(CANCEL TNC)

N31 G28 U0

(RAPID TO X MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N33 G28 W0

(RAPID TO Z MACHINE HOME POSITION)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 6

Page 84  

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut First Groove

(CUT FIRST GROOVE - FIRST CUT) (INSERT WIDTH = 0.118") (PROGRAM RIGHT HAND SIDE OF GROOVING\PART-OFF TOOL) N35 G00 T404

(TOOL CALL T04, ACTIVATE OFFSET)

N37 G97 S191 M03

(START SPINDLE 191 RPM CW)

N39 G00 X1.5 Z0.25 M8

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, COOLANT ON)

N41 G50 S3000

(SPECIFY MAXIMUM RPM TO 3000)

N43 G96 S200

(SPECIFY CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED 200 SFM)

N45 Z-0.250

(RAPID TO FIRST GROOVE POSITION)

N47 X1.2

(RAPID TO X1.2 – CLEAR OF PART BY 0.05”)

N49 G01 X0.750 F0.002

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N51 G04 P2.0

(DWELL 2.0 SECONDS)

N53 X1.2

(FEED TO X1.2 – CLEAR OF PART BY 0.05”)

(CUT FIRST GROOVE - SECOND CUT) N55 G00 Z-0.332

(SECOND CUT 0.45-0.118 INSERT WIDTH = 0.118")

N57 G01 X0.750

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N59 G04 P2.0

(DWELL 2.0 SECONDS)

N61 X1.2

(FEED TO X1.2 – CLEAR OF PART BY 0.05”)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 7

Page 85 

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut Second Groove

(CUT SECOND GROOVE - FIRST CUT) (INSERT WIDTH = 0.118") (PROGRAM RIGHT HAND SIDE OF GROOVING\PART-OFF TOOL) N63 G00 Z-0.875

(RAPID TO SECOND GROOVE POSITION)

N65 G01 X0.875

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N67 G04 P2.0

(DWELL 2.0 SECONDS)

N69 X1.2

(FEED TO X1.2 – CLEAR OF PART BY 0.05”)

(CUT SECOND GROOVE - SECOND CUT) N71 G00 Z-0.957

(SECOND CUT 0.875+0.20-0.118 INSERT WIDTH = 0.118")

N73 G01 X0.875

(FEED TO GROOVE DEPTH)

N75 G04 P2.0

(DWELL 2.0 SECONDS)

N77 X1.2

(FEED TO X1.2 – CLEAR OF PART BY 0.05”)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 8

Page 86   

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut-Off

(CUT OFF) N79 G00 Z-1.25

(RAPID TO CUT-OFF POSITION)

N81 G01 X-0.05 F0.002

(FEED TO FINISH PART-OFF DEPTH)

N83 G00 X1.250

(RAPID TO X1.25 – CLEAR OF PART)

N85 G28

(RAPID TO MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N87 M30

(PROGRAM END)

%

Lathe Lesson 8 - 9

Page 87 

 

HAAS G75 – GROOVING CYCLE – MULTIPLE PASS

N49 G75 X0.750 Z-0.332 I0.1 K0.03 F0.002

X

X-axis absolute pecking depth, diameter value

Z*

Z-axis absolute location to the furthest peck

U* W*

X-axis incremental pecking depth, diameter value Z-axis incremental distance and direction (+or -) to the furthest peck

I*

X-axis pecking depth increment, radius value

K*

Z-axis shift increment between pecking cycles

D*

Tool shift amount when returning to clearance plane (Caution see NOTE)

F Feed rate * Indicates optional The G75 canned cycle can be used for grooving an outside diameter with the added bonus of a chip break. A small retract move while cutting the groove allows the chip to break.

The G75 cycle is non-modal. With G75 either a single pecking cycle can be performed, as for a single groove, or a series of pecking moves can be performed for multiple grooves. grooves. G75 can also be used to cut-off the part by using the single pass options. When a Z or W code is added to a G75 block and Z is not the current position, then a minimum of two pecking cycles will occur, one at the current location and another at the Z location. The K code is the incremental distance between Z axis pecking cycles. Adding a K will perform multiple evenly spaced, pecking cycles between the starting position and Z. When I is added to a G75 block, then pecking will be performed at each interval specified by I, the peck is a rapid move opposite the direction of feed and the peck distance is obtained from

Setting 22 on the Haas control. Lathe Lesson 8 - 10

Page 88   

HAAS G75 – GROOVING CYCLE – SINGLE PASS - FOR CUT-OFF

N61 G75 X-0.030 I0.1 F0.002

At block 61 the grooving canned cycle G75 is being used to cut-off the part at the end of o f the machining operations. The X-0.030 X-0.030 is  is the destination that the tool will arrive arrive at along the X axis. This move is at a feed rate of 0.002 per revolution. In this block the I value is set to 0.1, this  is the X-axis pecking depth increment, a radius value. As the

tool moves to the X position it will cut for 0.1 and then retract to break the chip. This retract move is a small amount and on the Hass lathe is governed by Setting 22. The Hass lathe used in the machining videos has Setting 22 set to 0.01”  

When the G75 cycle is complete it will return to the starting X position at rapid.  

Lathe Lesson 8 - 11

 

G75 – GROOVING CYCLE LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - DRAWING

Page 89

Lathe Lesson 8 - 12

Page 90   

G75 – GROOVING CYCLE LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - MACHINING PROCESS

  Machining Process



1.  Face. 2.  Turn outside diameter one cut. 3.  Groove two slots using G75 – Grooving Cycle 4.  Cut-off using G75 – Grooving Cycle. 5.  Z zero is the front face of the part 6.  The grooving\part-off tool is 0.118” wide   7.  Program right hand side of grooving\part-off tool 8.  Machine to finish depth with every plunge 9.  Material is ø1.125 aluminum

Lathe Lesson 8 - 13

Page 91

 

G75 – GROOVING CYCLE LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Face and Turn OD

% O186

(GROOVING & PART-OFF LESSON-8-EXAMPLE)

(FACE FRONT OF PART - TURN OD ONE CUT) N1 G20

(VERIFY INCH MODE)

N3 G18 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(SAFETY BLOCK)

N5 T0100

(TOOL CALL T01)

N7 G50 S3500

(SPECIFY MAXIMUM RPM TO 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(START SPINDLE 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G41 G54 X1.5 Z0.25 T0101 M08 (RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, TNC, ACTIVATE OFFSET, N13 G96 S700

COOLANT ON) (SPECIFY CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED 700 SFM)

N15 G99 G01 Z0 F0.010

(FEED TO Z0. G99=FEED PER REVOLUTION)

N17 X-0.05

(MOVE TOOL TO X-0.05, OVERCUT BY 0.05)

N19 U0.05 W0.05

(INCREMENTAL “PULL OFF” FROM PART FACE X0.05 Z0.05)  

N21 G00 G40 X1.25 Z0.25

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, CANCEL TNC)

N23 G01 G42 X1.100 Z0.1 F0.005

(ACTIVATE TNC, FEED TO FINISH DIAMETER)

N25 G01 Z-1.375

(FEED TO LENGTH + 0.125)

N27 X1.15

(“PULL OFF” FROM PART AT FEED RATE)

N29 G40 G00 X 1.5 N31 G28 U0

(CANCEL TNC) (RAPID TO X MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N33 G28 W0

(RAPID TO Z MACHINE HOME POSITION) Lathe Lesson 8 - 14

Page 92   

G75 – GROOVING CYCLE LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut First and Second Groove

(CUT FIRST GROOVE - G75 - GROOVING CYCLE) (INSERT WIDTH = 0.118") (PROGRAM RIGHT HAND SIDE OF GROOVING\PART-OFF TOOL) N35 G00 T404

(TOOL CALL T04, ACTIVATE OFFSET)

N37 G97 S191 M03

(START SPINDLE 191 RPM CW)

N39 G00 X1.5 Z0.25 M8

(RAPID TO SAFE POSITION, COOLANT ON)

N41 G50 S3000

(SPECIFY MAXIMUM RPM TO 3000)

N43 G96 S200

(SPECIFY CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED 200 SFM)

N45 Z-0.250

(RAPID TO FIRST GROOVE POSITION)

N47 X1.15

(RAPID TO X1.15 – CLEAR OF PART)

N49 G75 X0.750 Z-0.332 Z-0.332 I0.1 K0.03 F0.002 F0.002 (G75 - GROOVING CYCLE) N51 X1.15

(RAPID TO X1.15 – CLEAR OF PART)

(CUT SECOND GROOVE - G75 - GROOVING CYCLE) N53 G00 Z-0.875

(RAPID TO SECOND GROOVE POSITION)

N55 G75 X0.875 Z-0.957 Z-0.957 I0.1 K0.03 F0.002 F0.002 (G75 - GROOVING CYCLE) N57 X1.15

(RAPID TO X1.15 – CLEAR OF PART)

Lathe Lesson 8 - 15

 

G75 – GROOVING CYCLE LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut-Off

(CUT OFF - SINGLE PASS GROOVING CYCLE) N59 G00 Z-1.25

(RAPID TO CUT-OFF POSITION)

N61 G75 X-0.030 I0.1 F0.002

(CUT OFF - G75 - SINGLE PASS GROOVING CYCLE)

N63 G00 X1.250

(RAPID TO X1.25 – CLEAR OF PART)

N65 G28

(RAPID TO MACHINE HOME POSITION)

N67 M30

(PROGRAM END)

%

Page 93

Page 94

Lathe Lesson 8 - 16

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Lathe Lesson 8 - 17

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Create a program for Exercise #1 to: 1.  Face.

 

2. Finish turn outside diameter one cut. 3.  Groove three places. 4.  Cut-off. 5.  Z zero is the front face of the part 6.  Use the Lesson 8 videos to guide you through the programming process.

Page 95 

Page 96 

Lathe Lesson 8 - 18

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Lathe Lesson 8 - 19

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Page 97 

Page 98 

Lathe Lesson 8 - 20

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Lathe Lesson 8 - 21

 

LESSON 8 GROOVING & PART OFF EXERCISE #1

Page 99

Lathe Lesson 8 - 22

Page 100   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK 

LESSON-9 THREADING 

Page 101  

HAAS - G76 O.D./I.D. THREAD CUTTING CYCLE, MULTIPLE PASS  

N93 G76 X0.5135 Z-0.8 K0.0558 D0.0176 D0.0176 F0.0909

  G76 O.D./I.D. THREAD CUTTING CYCLE, MULTIPLE PASS X* X*  

X-axis absolute thread finish point, a diameter value

Z* Z*  

Z-axis absolute distance, thread end point location

U*   U*

X-axis incremental total distance to finish point, diameter

W*  W*  K

Z-axis incremental thread length finish point Thread height, radius value

I* *  

Thread taper amount, radius value

D 

First pass cutting depth

P 

Thread Cutting Method P1-P4

A* A*  

Tool nose angle, no decimal with A command (0 to 120 degrees, If not used then 0 degrees is assumed)

F

Feed rate (Threading feed rate, is the thread distance per revolution)

* Indicates optional The canned cycle can be used for threading both straight straigh t and tapered threads. G76 can be usedG76 to create multiple cutting passes along the length of a thread. The height of the thread is specified in K, this height is defined as the distance from the crest of the thread to the root. The calculated depth of the thread will be K less the finish allowance. On the Hass lathe Setting 86 (THREAD FINISH ALLOWANCE) ALLOWANCE) is this stock allowance for a finish pass allowance, if required. The depth of the first cut of the thread is specified in D. This also determines the number of passes over the thread based on the value of K and the cutting method used. The depth of the last cut on the thread can be controlled with Setting 99 on the Hass lathe (THREAD MINIMUM CUT). The last cut will never be less than this value. The default value is .001 inches/.01 mm. The feed rate is the Lead of thread. The F feed rate in a G76 threading cycle is 1.0 divided by the

number of threads per inch = F. (1.0 divided by 11 TPI = F.0909091) Lathe Lesson 9 - 2

Page 102   

HAAS – G92 THREAD CUTTING CYCLE 

N95 G92 X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909

G92 THREAD CUTTING CYCLE X* X*  

Absolute X-axis target location

Z* Z*  

Absolute Z-axis target location

U*   U* W*  W* 

Incremental X-axis target distance, diameter Incremental Z-axis target distance

I* *  

Distance and direction of X axis taper, a radius value

F 

Feed rate (Threading feed rate, is the thread distance per revolution)

* Indicates optional The G92 is a modal canned cycle. It can be used for simple threading. Since it is modal, you can do multiple passes for threading by just specifying a new X location for successive passes. For example: N16 G92 X.523 Z-0.8 F0.0909 F0.0909 M24 N17 X.520 (Additional Pass) N18 X.515 (Additional Pass) N19 X.5135 (Additional Pass)

(First Pass Pass of a G92 O.D. Thread Cycle) Cycle)

Straight threads can can be made by just specifying specifying X, Z and F. By adding I a pipe or taper thread can can be cut.

Lathe Lesson 9 - 3

Page 103

 

HAAS – M24 - THREAD CHAMFER OFF 

N91 X0.650 M24

At the end of the thread an optional chamfer can be performed. The size and angle of the chamfer is controlled with Setting 95 (THREAD CHAMFER SIZE) and Setting 96 (THREAD CHAMFER ANGLE). The chamfer size is designated in number of threads, so that if 1.000 is recorded in Setting 95 and the feed rate is .05, then the chamfer will be .05. If relief is provided for at the end of the thread, then the chamfer can be eliminated by specifying 0.000 for the chamfer size in Setting 95. The default value for Setting 95 is 1.000 and the default angle for the thread (Setting 96) is 45 degrees. A chamfer can improve the appearance and functionality of threads that must be machined up to a shoulder. M24 will As the Lesson-9 Example part has a 0.125” wide undercut M24  will be programed as no chamfer is required.

  M23 commands chamfer on.   M24 commands chamfer off.   M23 is the default value.

  

Page 104

Lathe Lesson 9 - 4

 

THREADING THREADING  The portion of the example CNC program below cuts the .625-11 UNC thread on the Lesson-9 Example part, the drawing is shown below.

At block N93 N93 the  the G76 threading cycle cycle is used to cut the thread thread in multiple passes. The G92 N95 and N97  to perform “spring passes”. threading cycle is used at block N95  and N97 These “spring passes” are sometimes referred to as “ghost “ghost passes”. The threading threading tool is not not  

moved any deeper but cuts along the path previously cut to clean up and get a good finish f inish on the threads. 

EXAMPLE OF THREADING OPERATION (THREAD .625-11 UNC) N85 T0505

(O.D. THREADING TOOL)

N87 G97 S800 M03

(START SPINDLE 800 RPM CW)

N89 G00 G54 X1.25 Z0.25 T0505 M08 (RAPID TO SAFE POSITION & PICK-UP OFFSETS) M24   N91 X0.650 M24

(CHAMFER AT END OF THREAD IS OFF)

G76 X0.5135 N93 G76  X0.5135 Z-0.8 K0.0558 D0.0176 F0.0909 ( G76 OD THREADING CYCLE – MULTIPLE PASSES) G92  X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909 N95 G92

(SPRING CUT)

G92  X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909 N97 G92

(SPRING CUT)

N99 G28 U0 N101 G28 W0 M05

Lathe Lesson 9 - 5

Page 105 

 

THREADING - G76 THREADING CYCLE THREADING - G76 THREADING CYCLE 

N93 G76 X0.5135 Z-0.8 K0.0558 D0.0176 D0.0176 F0.0909 N93 the At block N93  the G76 threading cycle is used to cut the thread in multiple passes. X0.5135 is X0.5135  is the root diameter of the the .625-11 UNC thread. The root diameter was was identified in the Machinery’s Handbook. 

Z-0.8 is Z-0.8  is the absolute Z-axis target target location. This is 0.050 past the the end of the thread. K0.0558 is K0.0558  is the thread height, a radius value. value. This is 0.625-0.5135 / 2 = 0.05575  0.05575  D0.0176 is the first pass cutting depth. This determines how many cuts will be taken to reach the D0.0176 is final depth. F0.0909 is the feed rate. F0.0909 is rate. The threading feed rate is the thread thread distance distance per revolution. The calculation for this thread having 11 threads per inch is 1 divided di vided by 11 which is equals to 0.090909.

Page 106 

Lathe Lesson 9 - 6

 

THREADING – G92 THREADING CYCLE THREADING – G92 THREADING CYCLE 

N95 G92 X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909 N97 G92 X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909 N95 and At block N95  and N97 the G92 threading cycle is used after the G76 cycle to cut the thread in two single passes both at the same depth.

G92 is being used in the Example program to perform two “spring passes”  

The G92 is a modal canned cycle. It can be used for simple threading. Once the first G92 block is input with all the relevant values, additional threading cuts can be made by just the input of the desired X value.

X0.5135 is the root diameter of the .625-11 UNC thread. The root diameter was identified in the X0.5135 is Machinery’s Handbook. 

Z-0.8 is Z-0.8  is the absolute Z-axis target target location. This is 0.050 past the the end of the thread. F0.0909 is the feed rate. F0.0909 is rate. The threading feed rate is the thread thread distance distance per revolution. The calculation for this thread having 11 threads per inch is 1 divided di vided by 11 which is equals to 0.090909.

Lathe Lesson 9 - 7

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - DRAWING DRAWING

Page 107 

Lathe Lesson 9 - 8

Page 108   

LESSON 9 - THREADING THREADING - EXAMPLE - MACHINING PROCESS

  Machining Process 1.  Face. 2.  Rough Turn OD 3.  Finish Turn OD 4.  Groove undercut for thread 0.125” wide  

5.  Thread .625-11 UNC. 6.  Cut-off. 7.  Z zero is the front face of the part 8.  The grooving\part-off tool is 0.118” wide   9.  Program right hand side of grooving\part-off tool 10. Material is ø1.125 aluminum

Lathe Lesson 9 - 9

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Face

% O1294

(Lesson-9-Example)

(FACE FRONT OF PART) N1 G20

(Verify inch mode)

N3 G18 G40 G54 G80 G97 G99

(Safety Block)

N5 T0100

(Tool call T01)

N7 G50 S3500

(Specify maximum rpm to 3500)

N9 G97 S500 M03

(Start spindle 500 RPM CW)

N11 G00 G41 G54 X1.5 Z0.25 T0101 M08 (Rapid to safe position, TNC, activate offset) N13 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 sfm)

N15 G99 G01 Z0 F0.010

(Feed to Z0. G99=feed per revolution)

N17 X-0.05 N19 U0.05 W0.05

(Move tool to X-0.05, overcut by 0.05) (Incremental “pull off” from part face X0.05 Z0.05)

N21 G00 G40 X1.25 Z0.25

(Rapid to safe position, cancel TNC)

Page 109

Lathe Lesson 9 - 10

Page 110   

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Rough Turn OD

(ROUGH TURN O.D.) N23 G71 P25 Q41 U0.03 W0.005 D0.1 F0.010

(G71 Rough Turning Cycle)

N25 G00 G42 X0.398 N27 G99 G01 X 0.398 Z0.05 F0.006

(P and G42 with the start of geometry) (Feed to Z0.05 from finish front face, 0.05 below chamfer)

N29 X0.623 Z-0.0625

(Turned undersize - cut chamfer at front of part)

N31 Z-0.875 N33 X0.925 N35 X1.050 Z-0.9375

(Cut second chamfer)

N37 Z-1.5

(Cut past end of part)

N39 X1.25

(Pull away from part)

N41 G40 G00 G00 X 1.5 (Q end of geometry, machine machine off of part and cancel cancel compensation) compensation) N43 G00 X1.25 Z0.25 N45 G28 U0

(Rapid back to safe position) (Rapid to x machine home position)

N47 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to z machine home position)

Lathe Lesson 9 - 11

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Finish Turn OD

(FINISH CUT) N49 T0202

(O.D. right hand finishing tool 55°)

N51 G50 S3500 N53 G97 S800 M03

(Specify maximum RPM to 3500) (Start spindle 800 RPM CW)

N55 G00 G42 G54 X1.25 Z0.25 T0202 M08 (Rapid to safe position, TNC, coolant on) N57 G96 S700

(Specify constant surface speed 700 SFM)

N59 G70 P25 Q41

(G70 finishing OD)

N61 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N63 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

Page 111

Lathe Lesson 9 - 12

Page 112   

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut Groove

(CUT .125 WIDE GROOVE ) (CUT GROOVE - G75 - GROOVING CYCLE) (INSERT WIDTH = 0.118") (PROGRAM RIGHT HAND SIDE OF GROOVING\PART-OFF TOOL) N65 G00 T404

(Tool call T04, activate offset)

N67 G97 S191 M03

(Start spindle 191 RPM CW)

N69 G00 X1.25 Z0.25 M8

(Rapid to safe position, coolant on)

N71 G50 S3000

(Specify maximum rpm to 3000)

N73 G96 S200

(Specify constant surface speed 200 SFM)

N75 Z-0.750

(Rapid to groove position)

N77 X1.15

(Rapid to X1.15 – clear of part)

N79 G75 X0.50 Z-0.757 I0.5 F0.002 N81 X1.15

(G75 Grooving Cycle)

N83 G28

(Rapid to machine home position)

Lathe Lesson 9 - 13

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Thread

(THREAD .625-11 UNC) N85 T0505

(Tool call T05, activate offset, O.D. threading tool)

N87 G97 S800 M03 N89 G00 G00 G54 G54 X1.25 X1.25 Z0.25 T0505 M08

(Start spindle 800 rpm CW) (Rapid to safe safe position, TNC, coolant on)

N91 X0.650 M24

(Chamfer at end of thread is off)

N93 G76 G76 X0.5135  X0.5135 Z-0.8 K0.0558 D0.0176 F0.0909 ( G76 OD threading cycle) N95 G92 G92  X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909

(Spring cut)

N97 G92 G92  X.5135 Z-0.8 F0.0909

(Spring cut)

N99 G28 U0

(Rapid to X machine home position)

N101 G28 W0 M05

(Rapid to Z machine home position)

Page 113

Lathe Lesson 9 - 14

Page 114  

LESSON 9 - THREADING - EXAMPLE - PROGRAM PROGRAM   Cut-Off

(CUT OFF) N103 G00 T404

(Tool call T04, activate offset)

N105 G97 S191 M03 N107 G00 X1.25 Z0.25 M8 N109 G50 S3000 N111 G96 S200 N113 Z-1.520

(Rapid to cut-off position + 0.020 for rough cut)

N115 X1.15 N117 G75 X0.3 I0.1 F0.002

(Grooving Cycle – Rough cut to 0.3 diameter)

N119 Z-1.485

(Position for chamfer on end of part)

N121 G01 X1.05 N123 U-0.015 W-0.015 N125 X1.15

(Cut 0.015 chamfer on end of part – remove sharp edge) (Retract from groove)

N127 Z-1.5

(Position for cut-off)

N129 G75 X-0.03 I0.1 F0.002

(Grooving Cycle - Cut-Off to length)

N131 G00 X1.250 N133 G28

(Rapid to machine home position)

N135 M30

(Program end)

%

Lathe Lesson 9 - 15

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING EXERCISE

Page 115 

Lathe Lesson 9 - 16

Page 116   

LESSON 9 - THREADING EXERCISE Create a program for the Lesson-9 Exercise to: 1.  Face. 2.  Rough Turn OD 3.  Finish Turn OD 4.  Groove undercut for thread 0.125” wide  5.  Thread .500-13 UNC. 6.  Cut-off. 7.  Z zero is the front face of the part 8.  The grooving\part-off tool is 0.118” wide   9.  Program right hand side of grooving\part-off tool 10. Material is ø1.125 aluminum

Lathe Lesson 9 - 17

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING EXERCISE

Page 117 

Page 118 

Lathe Lesson 9 - 18

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING EXERCISE

Lathe Lesson 9 - 19

 

LESSON 9 - THREADING EXERCISE

Page 119

Lathe Lesson 9 - 20

Page 120   

CNC PROGRAMMING WORKBOOK LATHE 

APPENDIX 

Page 121  

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Page 122 

Lathe Appendix - 2

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Lathe Appendix - 3

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Page 123

Page 124

Lathe Appendix - 4

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Lathe Appendix - 5

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Page 125 

Page 126 

Lathe Appendix - 6

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Lathe Appendix - 7

Page 127 

 

Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises

Material: Aluminum 6061 CS= ft/min

XZ PLANE

1. Tool #1 (OD Roughing Tool)  – Create A Toolpath Toolpath To Rough The Above Profile Feed = in/min 

Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D= Depth of Cut =0.1/side

Use a G71 Canned Cycle

2. Tool #2 (OD Finishing Tool) – Finish The OD Using The Profile Created In The First Operation Feed = in/min 

Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D= Depth of Cut =0.02/side

Use a G70 Canned Cycle

3. Tool #9 (0.125 Right Hand Groove Tool)  – Machine Both Grooves By Plunging In The Middle Of The Groove, Then Retract And Move Over To The Left And Right To Finish Feed = in/min 

Spindle Speed RPM = 4xCS/D= Start in the middle of grooves gr ooves

Page 128 

Lathe Appendix - 8

 

(CONTINUED)  CNC PROGRAMMING EXERCISE (CONTINUED)  % O00014;

Lathe Appendix - 9

 

(CONTINUED)  CNC PROGRAMMING EXERCISE (CONTINUED) 

Page 129

Lathe Appendix - 10

Page 130   

Appendix –  Preparatory Functions – G-Codes  G00 RAPID POSITIONING MOTION G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION MOTION G02 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION MOTION - CLOCKWISE G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION MOTION - COUNTECLOCKWISE G04 DWELL G09 EXACT STOP G10 PROGRAMMABLE OFFSET SETTING G12 CW CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING G13 CCW CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING G17 CIRCULAR MOTION XY PLANE SELECTION (G02 or G03) G 03) G18 CIRCULAR MOTION ZX PLANE SELECTION (G02 or G03) G19 CIRCULAR MOTION YZ PLANE SELECTION (G02 or o r G03) G20 VERIFY INCH COORDINATE POSITIONING G21 VERIFY METRIC COORDINATE POSITIONING G28 MACHINE ZERIO RETURN THRU REF. POINT G29 MOVE TO LOCATION THROUGH G28 REF. POINT G31 FEED UNTIL SKIP FUNCTION G35 AUTOMATIC TOOL DIAMETER DI AMETER MEASUREMENT G36 AUTOMATIC WORK OFFSET MEASUREMENT G37 AUTOMATIC TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT G40 CUTTER COMPENSATION CANCEL G41/G42/G141 G41 2D CUTTER COMPENSATION, LEFT (X, Y, D) G42 2D CUTTER COMPENSATION, RIGHT (X, Y, D) G43 TOOL LENGTH COMPESATION POSITIVE (H, Z)

G44 TOOL LENGTH COMPENATION NEGATIVE (H, Z)

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Appendix –  Preparatory Functions – G-Codes  G47 TEXT ENGRAVING (X, Y, Z, R, I, J, P, E, F) G49 TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION CANCEL G43/G44/G143) G50 SCALING G51 CANCEL G51 SCALING (X, Y, Z, P) G52 WORK OFFSET COORDINATE POSITING G52 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE OFFSET SHIFT G52 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE OFFSET SHIFT G53 MACHINE COORDAINTE POSITIONING, NON-MODAL (X, Y, Z, A, B) G54 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #1 G55 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #2 G56 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #3 G57 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #4 G58 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #5 G59 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #6 G60 UNI-DIRECTIONAL POSITIONING (X, Y, Z, A, B) G61 EXACT STOP, MODAL (X, Y, Z, A, B) G64 EXACT STOP G61 MODE CANCEL G65 MACRO SUB-ROUTINE CALL G68 ROATION (G17, G18, G19, X, Y, Z, R) G69 ROTATION G68 CANCEL G70 BOLT HOLE CIRCLE with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, L)

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Appendix –  Preparatory Functions – G-Codes  G71 BOLTHOLEARC with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, K, L) G72 BOLT HOLES ALONG AN ANGLE with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, L) G73 HIGH SPEED PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, K, Q, P, R, L, F) G74 REVERSE TAPPING CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, J, R, L, F) G76 FINE BORING CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, P, Q, R, L, F) G77 BACK BORE CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, Q, R, L, F) G80 CANCEL CANNED CYCLE G81 DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F) G82 SPOT DRILL/COUNTERBORE CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F) G83 PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, K, Q, P, R, L, F) G84 TAPPING CANNED CYCLE (X, (X, Y, A, B, Z, J, R, L, F) G85 BORE IN, BORE OUT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F) G86 BORE IN, STOP, RAPID OUT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F) G87 BORE IN AND MANUAL RETRACT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F) G88 BORE IN, DWELL, MANUAL RETRACT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F) G89 BORE IN, DWELL, BORE OUT (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F) G90 ABSOLUTE POSITIONING G91 INCREMENTAL POSITIONING G92 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM SHIFT (FANUC) (HAAS) G92 SET WORK COORDINATE VALUE (YA SNAC) G93 INVERSE TIME FEED MODE ON G94 INVERSE TIME FEED MODE OFF/FEED PER MINUTE ON G98 CANNED CYCLE INITIAL POINT RETURN G99 CANNED CYCLE “R” PLANE RETURN 

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Appendix –  Miscellaneous Functions – M-Codes  M00 PROGRAM STOP M01 OPTIONAL PROGRAM STOP M02 PROGRAM END M03 SPINDLE ON CLOCKWISE M04 SPINDLE ON COUTERCLOCKWISE M05 SPINDLE STOP M06 TOOL CHANGE M08 COOLANT ON M09 COOLANT OFF M19 ORIENT SPINDLE (P, R) M21-M28 OPTIONAL USER M CODE INTERFACE WITH M-FIN SIGNAL S IGNAL M30 PROGRAM END AN RESET M31 CHIP AUGER FORWARD M32 CHIP AUGER REVERSE M33 CHIP AUGER STOP M34 COOLANT SPIGOT POSITION DOWN, INCREMENT M35 COOLANT SPIGOT POSITION UP, DECREMENT M36 PALET PART READY M39 ROTATE TOOL TURRET M41 SPINDLE LOW GEAR OVERRIDE M42 SPINDLE HIGH GEAR OVERRIDE M50 EXECUTE PALLET CHANGE

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Appendix –  Miscellaneous Functions – M-Codes  M51-M58 OPTIONAL USER M CODE SET M59 OUTPUT RELAY SET (N) M61-M68 OPTIONAL USER M CODE CLEAR M69 OUTPUT RELAY CLEAR (N) M75 SET G35 OR G136 REFERENCE POINT M76 CONTROL DISPLAY INACTIVE M77 CONTROL DISPLAY ACTIVE M78 ALARM IF SKIP SIGNAL FOUND M79 ALARM IF SKIP SIGNAL NOT FOUND M80 AUTOMATIC DOOR OPEN M81 AUTOMATIC DOOR CLOSE M82 TOOL UNCLAMP M83 AUTO AIR JET ON M84 AUTO AIR JET OFF M86 TOOL CLAMP M88 COOLANT THROUGH SPINDLE ON M89 COOLANT THROUGH SPINDLE OFF M93 AXIS POS CAPTURE START (P, Q) M94 AXIS POS CAPTURE STOP M95 SLEEP MODE M96 JUMP IF NO SIGNAL (P, Q) M97 LOCAL SUB-PROGRAM CALL (P, L) M98 SUB-PROGRAM CALL (P, L)

M99 SUB PROGRAM/ROUTINE RETURN OR LOOP M109 INTERACTIVE USER INPUT (P)

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Standard Drill Sizes - Inches  Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal . . . . . . . Size Equiv. Size Equiv. Size Equiv. Size Equiv. 80  80 =  .0135 .0135   43  43  =  .089 .089   8  =  .199 .199   25/64   =  .3906 25/64 .3906   79  79 =  .0145 .0145   42  42  =  .0935 .0935   7  =  .201 .201   X  =  .397 .397   1/64 =  .0156 1/64  .0156   78  78 =  .016 .016   77  77 =  .018 .018   76  76 =  .020 .020   75  75 =  .021 .021   74  74 =  .0225 .0225   73  73 =  .024 .024   72  72 =  .025 .025   71  71 =  .026 .026   70  70 =  .028 .028   69  69 =  .0292 .0292   68  68 =  .031 .031  

3/32  =  .0938 3/32  .0938   41  41  =  .096 .096   40  40  =  .098 .098   39  39  =  .0995 .0995   38  38  =  .1015 .1015   37  37  =  .104 .104   36  36  =  .1065 .1065   7/64   =  .1094 7/64 .1094   35  35  =  .110 .110   34  34  =  .111 .111   33  33  =  .113 .113   32  32  =  .116 .116  

13/64  =  .2031 13/64  .2031   6  =  .204 .204   5  =  .2055 .2055   4  =  .209 .209   3  =  .213 .213   7/32   =  .2188 7/32 .2188   2  =  .221 .221   1  =  .228 .228   A  =  .234 .234   15/64   =  .2344 15/64 .2344   B  =  .238 .238   C  =  .242 .242  

Y  =  .404 .404   13/32  =  .4063 13/32  .4063   Z  =  .413 .413   27/64   =  .4219 27/64 .4219   7/16   =  .4375 7/16 .4375   29/64   =  .4531 29/64 .4531   15/32   =  .4688 15/32 .4688   31/64   =  .4844 31/64 .4844   1/2   =  .500 1/2 .500   33/64   =  .5156 33/64 .5156   17/32   =  .5313 17/32 .5313   35/64   =  .5469 35/64 .5469  

1/32 =  .0313 1/32  .0313   67  67 =  .032 .032   66  66 =  .033 .033   65  65 =  .035 .035   64  64 =  .036 .036   63  63 =  .037 .037   62  62 =  .038 .038   61  61 =  .039 .039   60  60 =  .040 .040   59  59 =  .041 .041   58  58 =  .042 .042   57  57 =  .043 .043  

31  31  =  .120 .120   1/8  =  .1250 1/8  .1250   30  30  =  .1285 .1285   29  29  =  .136 .136   28  28  =  .1405 .1405   9/64   =  .1406 9/64 .1406   27  27  =  .144 .144   26  26  =  .147 .147   25  25  =  .1495 .1495   24  24  =  .152 .152   23  23  =  .154 .154   5/32   =  .1563 5/32 .1563  

D  =  .246 .246   1/4 (E)  (E)  =  .250 .250   F  =  .257 .257   G  =  .261 .261   17/64   =  .2656 17/64 .2656   H  =  .266 .266   I  =  .272 .272   J  =  .277 .277   K  =  .281 .281   9/32   =  .2813 9/32 .2813   L  =  .290 .290   M  =  .295 .295  

9/16   =  .5625 9/16 .5625   37/64  =  .5781 37/64  .5781   19/32   =  .5938 19/32 .5938   39/64   =  .6094 39/64 .6094   5/8   =  .625 5/8 .625   41/64   =  .6406 41/64 .6406   21/32   =  .6563 21/32 .6563   43/64   =  .6719 43/64 .6719   11/16   =  .6875 11/16 .6875   45/64   =  .7031 45/64 .7031   23/32   =  .7188 23/32 .7188   47/64   =  .7344 47/64 .7344  

56  56 =  .0465 .0465   3/64 =  .0469 3/64  .0469   55  55 =  .052 .052   54  54 =  .055 .055   53  53 =  .0595 .0595   1/16  =  .0625 1/16 .0625   52  52 =  .0635 .0635   51  51 =  .067 .067   50  50 =  .070 .070   49  49 =  .073 .073   48  48 =  .076 .076   5/64  =  .0781 5/64 .0781  

22  22  =  .157 .157   21  21  =  .159 .159   20  20  =  .161 .161   19  19  =  .166 .166   18  18  =  .1695 .1695   11/64   =  .1719 11/64 .1719   17  17  =  .173 .173   16  16  =  .177 .177   15  15  =  .180 .180   14  14  =  .182 .182   13  13  =  .185 .185   3/16   =  .1875 3/16 .1875  

19/64  =  .2969 19/64  .2969   N  =  .302 .302   5/16   =  .3125 5/16 .3125   O  =  .316 .316   P  =  .323 .323   21/64   =  .3281 21/64 .3281   Q   =  .332 .332   R  =  .339 .339   11/32   =  .3438 11/32 .3438   S  =  .348 .348   T  =  .358 .358   23/64   =  .3594 23/64 .3594  

3/4   =  .750 3/4 .750   49/64  =  .7656 49/64  .7656   25/32   =  .7813 25/32 .7813   51/64   =  .7969 51/64 .7969   13/16   =  .8125 13/16 .8125   53/64   =  .8281 53/64 .8281   27/32   =  .8438 27/32 .8438   55/64   =  .8594 55/64 .8594   7/8   =  .875 7/8 .875   57/64   =  .8906 57/64 .8906   29/32   =  .9063 29/32 .9063   59/64   =  .9219 59/64 .9219  

47  47 =  .0785 .0785  

12  12  =  .189 .189  

U  =  .368 .368  

15/16   =  .9375 15/16 .9375  

46  46    .081 .081   45  45 =  .082 .082   44  44 =.086   .086 

11  11    .191 .191   10  10  =  .1935 .1935   9  =  .196 .196  

3/8    .375 3/8  .375   V  =  .377 .377   W  =  .386 .386  

61/64    .9531 61/64  .9531   31/32   =  .9688 31/32 .9688   63/64   =  .9844 63/64 .9844  

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Inch Tap Drill Sizes  INCH SIZES - NATIONAL COARSE UNC ---------------------------TAP DRILL

INCH SIZES - NATIONAL FINE UNF ---------------------------TAP DRILL

SIZE SIZE ---------------------------#1-64 #53 #2-56 #51 #3-48 5/64" #4-40 #43 #5-40 #39 #6-32 #36 #8-32 #29 #10-24 #25 #12-24 #17 1/4-20 #7

SIZE SIZE ---------------------------#0-80 3/64" #1-72 #53 #2-64 #50 #3-56 #46 #4-48 #42 #5-44 #37 #6-40 #33 #8-36 #29 #10-32 #21 #12-28 #15

5/16-18 3/8-16 7/16-14 1/2-13 9/16-12 5/8-11 3/4-10 7/8-9 1"-8 1-1/8-7 1-1/4-7 1-1/2-6

F 5/16 U 27/64 31/64 17/32 21/32 49/64 7/8 63/64 1-7/64 1-11/32

1/4-28 5/16-24 3/8-24 7/16-20 1/2-20 9/16-18 5/8-18 3/4-16 7/8-14 1"-14 1-1/8-12 1-1/4-12

1-3/4-5 2"-4-1/2

1-35/64 1-25/32

1-1/2-12 1-3/4-12 2"-12

#3 I Q W 29/64 33/64 37/64 11/16 13/16 15/16 1-3/64 1-11/64 1-27/64 1-43/64 1-59/64

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Metric Tap Drill Sizes  METRIC COARSE SIZES ---------------------------TAP DRILL SIZE SIZE

METRIC FINE SIZES ---------------------------TAP DRILL SIZE SIZE

---------------------------1mm x .25 .75mm 1.1 x .25 .85 1.2 x .25 .95 1.4 x .3 1.1 1.6 x .35 1.25 1.7 x .35 1.3 1.8 x .35 1.45 2 x .4 1.6 2.2 x .45 1.75 2.5 x .45 2.05 3 x .5 2.5

---------------------------4 mm x .35 3.6mm 4 x .5 3.5 5 x .5 4.5 6 x .5 5.5 6 x .75 5.25 7 x .75 6.25 8 x .5 7.5 8 x .75 7.25 8x1 7 9x1 8 10 x .75 9.25

3.5 x .6 4 x .7 4.5 x .75 5 x .8 6x1 7x1 8 x 1.25 9 x 1.25 10 x 1.5 11 x 1.5 12 x 1.75 14 x 2

2.9 3.3 3.7 4.2 5 6 6.8 7.8 8.5 9.5 10.2 12

10 x 1 10 x 1.25 11 x 1 12 x .75 12 x 1 12 x 1.5 14 x 1 14 x 1.25 14 x 1.5 16 x 1 16 x 1.5 18 x 1

9 8.8 10 11.25 11 10.5 13 12.8 12.5 15 14.5 17

16 x 2 18 x 2.5 20 x 2.5 22 x 2.5 24 x 3 27 x 3 30 x 3.5

14 15.5 17.5 19.5 21 24 26.5

18 x 2 20 x 1 20 x 1.5 20 x 2 22 x 1 22 x 1.5 22 x 2 24 x 1.5 24 x 2 26 x 1.5 27 x 1.5 27 x 2

16 19 18.5 18 21 20.5 20 22.5 22 24.5 25.5 25

28 x 1.5

26.5

30 x 1.5 30 x 2

28.5 28

Tap Drill Sizes  Page 138 

Lathe Appendix - 18

 

Discriminator Installation Instructions  Installation Instructions for Workbook users: 1.  Locate the DVD/CD that came with the workbook (fixed to the back cover). 2.  Insert the disc into the DVD/CD ROM tray of your computer. 3.  When the AutoPlay window is displayed select Open folder to view files as shown below:

4.  Double click or open the Discriminator folder as shown below:

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Discriminator Installation Instructions Continued  5. 

Double-click the Discriminator21017.exe file as shown below. This will start the installation process. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete the installation.

Installation Instructions for Online Course users: 1. 

Go to the Course Intro page of the Online Course as shown below: 

2.  Locate the “What you need to complete this course”  section on this page and click on o n the Discriminator link to download the Discriminator installation file. Make sure you save the file to a place on the hard drive that you can c an be easily located. 3. 

Once the file has downloaded locate it and double-click the Discriminator.zip file to extract the installation files onto your hard drive. drive. Make sure you extract the files into a new folder on your hard drive and remember where the folder is located.

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4. 

Open the folder the files were extracted to and double click on Discriminator21017.exe.

5. 

Follow the instructions on the screen. 

Lathe Appendix - 20

Lathe Appendix - 21

 

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