Salt Analysis Class XI

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS

Systematic Analysis Of Acid Radicals Salt + dil. HCl Salt + dil. H2SO4 Salt + conc. H2SO4 Boil

Brisk Effervescence of colourless, odourless gas Smell of Vinegar Colourless fuming gas with pungent smell which gives dense fumes with NH4OH or Ammonia Reddish Brown gas on prolonged heating More Brown Fumes White precipitate

Paperball is added Salt + dil. HCl + BaCl2

Carbonate Acetate Chloride (Cl-) NO3- maybe present HNO3 is quickly reduced to NO2 SO42- maybe present

Confirmatory Tests for Acid Radicals Salt +H2O + Neutral Ferric Chloride (Boiled) Salt + dil. HNO3 + AgNO3 Salt + dil. H2SO4 Remove PPTClear Soln + FeSO4 +Conc. H2SO4 through sides Salt + BaCl2 PPT ; PPT +conc. HCl Salt + water + Lead Acetate

Red Solution (Turns Reddish Brown on Boiling) White Cheesy Precipitate Brown Ring b/w the 2 Layers PPT is insoluble White precipitate

Systematic Analysis Of Basic Radicals Stock + Na2CO3 Stock + dil. HCl Stock + dil. HCl + H2S Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH

Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + H2S Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Di Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate NH4+

No PPT White PPT A PPT is Formed Thin White Gelatinous PPT Pale Green PPT Reddish Brown PPT Flesh Coloured PPT Dull Thick PPT White PPT White Crystalline PPT

Confirmatory Tests for Basic Radicals

 Stock + NaOH (Warmed) 2ml Nesseler’s Reagent + Stock Pb2+  Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Chromate Stock + KI (Boiled with Water) 3+ Al  Stock + NaOH (in drops till excess)[+ NH4Cl]{Ash Test} Mn2+  Stock + NaOH(in drops till excess) 1 Drop Stock + 1pinch PbO2 + 1ml conc. HNO3 (boiled , cooled, diluted with water) Zn2+  Stock + NaOH (In drop till excess) Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Ferro Cyanide (Ash Test) Ba2+  Stock + Acetic Acid + K2Cr2O7 (Flame Test) Ca2+  Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Ammonium Oxalate (Flame Test) Mg2+  Stock + Magneson Reagent (Ash Test)

Smell Of NH3 Reddish Brown PPT Yellow PPT Yellow PPT (PPT dissolves in Hot Water) White PPT(dissolves)[White Gelatinous PPT]{Blue} Pale Brown PPT  Dark Brown on Exposure to air White PPT (Dissolves in Excess NaOH) White PPT (Green Ash) Yellow PPT (Pale Green Flame) White PPT (Brick Red Flame) Blue PPT (Pink Ash)

Acetate is Confirmed Chloride is Confirmed Nitrate is Confirmed SO42- is Confirmed NH4+ Maybe Present Pb2+ Maybe Present Maybe Cu2+, Cd2+ or As2+ Al3+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Mn2+ Zn2+ Ba2+, Sr2+ or Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ is Present NH4+ is Confirmed Pb2+ is Confirmed Al3+ is Confirmed

Zn2+ is Confirmed Ba2+ is Confirmed Ca2+ is Confirmed Mg2+ is Confirmed