Tirumantiram and Saiva Siddhanta Philosophy Siddhantarathinam Dr. S. Sundarabalu ,M.A; M.A; Ph.D Visiting Professor ,ICCR’s Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of Indology Jagiellonian University, Krakow-Poland
[email protected]
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Sivalingam-சிவலிங்கம்
The lingam
is a representation of the Hindu deity Shiva used for worship in temples. In traditional Indian society, the linga is rather seen as a symbol of the energy and potentiality of the God. The lingam is often represented alongside the yoni, a symbol of the goddess or of Shakti, female creative energy. The union of lingam and yoni represents the "indivisible two-in-oneness of male and female, the passive space and active time from which all life originates". "sign", or "inference")
(also, linga, ling, Shiva linga, Shiv ling, Sanskrit लिङ्गं, liṅgaṃ, meaning "mark",
lingam and Snake
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Parts of Cranial Nerves CN I
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CN XII 1/24/2015
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7. Crown Center – Top of head towards back; Connection to divinity, spirit, bliss; Drive to transcend. 6. Third Eye – Slightly above midpoint between eyes; Intuition, metaphysical wisdom, stillness; Drive to know. 5. Throat Chakra – Center of throat; Self-expression, speaking truth; Drive to communicate. 4. Heart Chakra – Center of chest at breastbone; Love, compassion, beauty, joy, balance; Drive to connect. 3. Navel Chakra – Just below navel; Personal power, self-definition, boundaries; Drive to act successfully. 2. Sacral Chakra – Internal reproductive organs; Sensuality, creativity, abundance, passion; Drive to create. 1. Root Chakra – Tailbone; Connection to earth, nature, physicality; Drive to survive. 1/24/2015
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SAIVA SIDDHANTA TEXTS சசவ சித்தாந்த நூல்கள்
Saivism The word Hinduism is a common name which denotes many Indian religions, including Saivism. It is not a religion by itself. Saivism or Saiva religion is the dominant religion of the Hindu fold. Saiva Siddhanta (Saiva Siththaantham in Tamil) is the philosophy of Saiva religion which considers Lord Siva as its primary deity. Siddhanta means the final conclusion (reached after taking into consideration all other important views). It is the popular philosophical system of the Tamils of South India, based on Saiva Agamas, Upanishds, ancient Tamil works, Thirumurais and Meykanda Sastra works.
Who am I ?
Is there a God?
What are the natures of God, Soul and the cosmos?
What is my relationship with God and the worldly things?
What is the reason for happenings in life over which one has no control?
Such questions often arise in any philosophical system. Saiva Siddhanta gives plausible answers and explanations to them.
Eternal Entities Saiva Siddhanta believes in the three eternal entities of God, Soul and Bondage (materials of bondage). These are called Pati, Pasu and Pasam respectively in Siddhanta philosophy. Pati means Lord (of the souls) who is God. Pasam means bondage. Pasu means that which is under bondage. All things known and perceived are included in these three categories. According to Saiva Siddhanta God is one, Souls are many and Pasam consists of three impurities (malams) called Anava (anavam), Karma (kanmam) and Maya (mayai). Like Pati who is real and eternal, Pasu and Pasam are also real and eternal.
Existence of God and other eternal entities is established by various epistemological means. Logical arguments, based on sense perception, inference and scripture are important means of proving their existence. Anything that has a beginning, existence and decay is made by someone. It has a maker. Our physical body including the mental and psychological equipments, the world and the worldly things had a beginning. They exist for a certain period of time and then decay. They, therefore, have a maker who is God. Existence of God is thus established by inference. The existence of other entities is also established similarly by various means.
God: Siva (Sivam) is the name given to their God by the Saivites. Siva means One who is perfect and /or auspicious. His inherent nature is wisdom. He is with infinite love to benefit the souls. It is His Grace which is part of Him. Like the sun and its light, He remains inseparable with his Sakthy which is Grace. Sakthy literally means power or energy. He is omnipresent. The Tamil word for God,
Kadavul, meaning One who resides outside and inside, indicates his omnipresence.
Soul: According to Saiva Siddhanta, Souls are many. No two persons or beings are alike. We may therefore, conclude that every living being has a soul of its own. Anma and uyir are other names for soul. Soul has the capabilities to know, act and desire. These are called its gnana sakthy, kriya sakthy and iccha sakthy respectively. These capabilities are impaired by the associated entity calledanava. Soul has a dependant nature and behaves like the one on which it depends. When it depends on the worldly things, it behaves like them. When it depends on God, it behaves like a divine being. This nature of dependency is called in Tamil as ‘Sarnthathan Vannamathal’.
The most respected shaivite scriptures in thamiz the thirumuRais , were composed almost in the first millenium developed the in the thamiz people the spiritual nourishment. Based on these holy texts and developed on the fertility they made in the thought process gave rise to many philosophers dwelling in the highly complex question of the Supreme, soul and surroundings and their inter-relationship. Among them four are quite significant and are referred to as sandhAnak kuravargaL. The texts which are explanatory/ commentory texts of shiava sidhdhantha, that were written in this period of 12th to 14th century are called santhAna nulgal or meykaNda nUlgaL.
While the rest of the thirumuRais are singing the glory of Lord shiva, the nineth thirumuRai thirumanthiram is the one that deals in detail about the philosophy and yoga. These santhAna texts are absolutely dedicated for philosophical discussions. These texts analyse the various factors, logics and experiences, refute and support the various philosophies on the ground of raising and answering questions. These are excellent food for thought and are Shaiva sidhdhanthic philosophical tutorials.
Tamil Shaivite Literature taalapuraanam and etc : 705 சித்தாந்த சாத்திரம் – 14 chaaththiram (shaastram)- guidelines or philosophical treatises
http://www.shaivam.org/siddhanta/san.htm
The Core Saiva Siddhanta Texts - santhAna nulgaL / meykaNda nulgaL Saiva Siddhanta Texts 1.திருவுந்தியார் (thiruvundhiyAr) 2.திருக்களிற்றுப் படியார் (thirukkaLiRRup padiyAr)
3.சிவஞான பபாதம் (shiva gnAna bodham) 4.சிவஞான சித்தியார் (chivanyAna chiththiyAr)
Author thiruviyalUr uyya vandha dhEvanAyanAr thirukkadavUr uyya vandha dhEvar meykaNda sivam
aruNandi chivAchchAriyAr
5.இருபா இருபஃது (irupA irupaqthu) 6.சிவப் பிரகாசம் (chivap pirakAcham) 7.திருவருட் பயன் (thiruvarut payan) 8.வினா வவண்பா (vinA veNpA) 9.பபாற்றிப் பஃவறாடை (pORRip paqRodai) 10.வகாடிக்கவி (kodikkavi) 11.வெஞ்சு விடு தூது (nenychuvidu thUdhu)
umApati shivAchchAriyAr
12.உண்டை வெறி விளக்கம் (uNmai neRi viLakkam) 13.சங்கற்ப ெிராகரணம் ( chaNkaRpa nirAkaraNam )
14.உண்டை விளக்கம் (uNmai viLakkam)
manavAchakaN kadandhAr
சிவஞான ப ாதம்-Sivagnana Bodham
1.
அவன் அவள் அதுவவனும் அடவ மூவிடன டையின், பதாற்றிய திதிபய வயாடுங்கி ைலத்துளதாம், அந்தம் ஆதி என்ைனார் புலவர்.
Because the world, consisting of things male, female and neuter, is subject to the three operations (production, maintenance, and dissolution), it is an entity produced (by an Agent).Having dissolved, it comes into being again because of Impurity. The end is the beginning, say the wise 1. The world perceived to exist in forms male, female, and neuter undergoes production, maintenance, and dissolution; for, beside maintenance, production and dissolution also are seen.
http://www.shaivam.org/tamil/sansivae.pdf
2. அடவபய தாபன யாயிரு விடனயின் பபாக்குவரவுபுரிய ஆடணயின் ெீக்கைின்றி ெிற்குைன்பற.
He, being one with souls and other than souls, abides in inseparable union with the Power, so that souls experience going and coming because of twofold works.
http://www.shaivam.org/english/sen-san-sivagnana-botham-jmnp.htm
3. உளது, இலவதன்றலின், எனதுைவலன்றலின் ஐம்புலன், ஒடுக்கம் அறிதலின், கண்படில் உண்டிவிடனயின்டையின், உண்ர்த்த உணர்தலின், ைாயாவியந்திரனுவினுள் ஆன்ைா.
By saying that it is not, by saying ‘my body’, by knowing of the five senses, by knowledge when they are suppressed, by the absence of feeling and activity in sleep, by knowing when caused to know, (it is proved that) there is a soul in the body which is an instrument produced by Maya.
4.அந்தக்கரணம் அவற்றின் ஒன்றன்று, சந்தித்தது ஆன்ைா, சகசைலத்துணராது அடைச்சு அரசு ஏய்ப்பெின்று அஞ்சவத்டதத்பத.
FOURTH SUTRA The soul is not one of the inner faculties. But being without knowledge owing to Innate Impurity, it is associated with them like a king with his ministers, and has five states.
5. விளம்பிய உள்ளத்து வைய்வாய் கண் மூக்கு அளந்தளந்தறியா ஆங்கடவபபாலத் தாம்தம் உணர்வின் தைியருள் காந்தம் கண்ை பசாசத்தடவபய.
FIFTH SUTRA Though body, mouth, eye, nose (and ear) perceive by the help of the soul, they do not know. Like them, souls, (though they know), by the grace of the Peerless One in their knowing(do not know). They are like the iron in the presence of the magnet The five senses perceive by the help of the soul: for unless the soul in union with them perceives, they cannot perceive. (a) When the soul like a king is there ruling the five senses, the five senses do not know the soul. The soul does not perceive unless it perceives in the senses; and if the soul does not perceive, the eye cannot see and the ear cannot hear.
7. யாடவயும் சூனியம் சத்வததிராதலின், சத்பதயறியாது, அசத்திலது அறியாது இருதிறன் அறிவுளது இரண்ைலா ஆன்ைா
SEVENTH SUTRA In the presence of the real all things are non-existent; so the real does not know (them).The non-real is not; so it cannot now(the real).(Therefore)that which knows both is the soul which is neither.
11. காணும் கண்ணுக்குக் காட்டும் உளம் பபால் காணவுளத்டதக்கண்டு காட்ைலின், அயரா அன்பின் அரன் கழல்வசலுபை.
Like the soul which makes the seeing eye to see-in order that the soul may see, the Lord sees, and makes the soul to see. Therefore in unforgetting love the soul reaches the feet of Hara
TIRUMANTIRAM-TIRUMULAR (TAMIL : திருமூலர் )
Tirumantiram- Tirumoolar got initiated by his guru Nandhi devar, he lived for 3000 years and composed Tirumandiram
Tirumular (Tamil:திருமூலர் ) was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer, considered one of the sixty-three Nayanars and one of the 18 Siddhars. His main work, the Tirumantiram, which consists of over 3000 verses, forms a part of the key text of the Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta, the Tirumurai. Legend has it that Tirumūlar was a travelling Shaiva saint and scholar from Kailash who used his yogic powers to transmigrate (To pass into another body after death) into the body of a southern cowherd, Mūlan. He would wake up from a state of intense meditation once a year and compose one verse until he completed the Thirumandiram.
The Nayanar is said to have been one of the eight students of Tirunandi Devar. Tirumūlar, desiring to see Agastya Rishi in the Pothia Hills, left Kailasa and journeyed southwards. On his way, he visited many Saivite shrines. When he came to Tiruvavaduthurai, he took a bath in the Kaveri River then went to the Temple. Upon leaving the Temple and walking along the banks of the Kaveri, he noticed a herd of cows crying because their herder had died. Wanting to pacify the grief stricken cows, the Nayanar entered the body of the cowherd after safely depositing his own body in the trunk of a tree. Mūlan, the cowherd, was a resident of Sattanur and drove the cows back into the village in the evening. Mūlan’s wife was expecting the return of her husband but when she approached him, he would not allow her to touch him, but said: ‘Oh lady, I am not your husband. Adore Lord Siva and attain Liberation.’ He left and went away to a near-by Math.
The cowherd's wife complained to the village elders about her husband’s conduct. They examined him and after they came to the conclusion that he was a great Yogi who had attained spiritual eminence, instructed the lady to have no further contact with him. The next day, Tirumular followed the cows, but could not find his body in the trunk of the tree, where he had left it. It was the Lord’s Leela. Lord Siva wanted Tirumular Nayanar to write a book in Tamil on Saiva Philosophy, containing the essence of all Siva Agamas. Tirumular understood the Lord’s wish and returned to Tiruvavaduthurai.
Why i preserve body ?
Why i preserve body Time was when I despised the body But than I saw the god with in And the body , I realized , is the lord's temple And so I began preserving it With care infinite -725 725.உைம்பிடன முன்னம் இழுக்வகன் றிருந்பதன் உைம்பினுக் குள்பள யுறுவபாருள் கண்பைன் உைம்புபள உத்தைன் பகாயில்வகாண் ைான் என்று உைம்பிடன யானிருந் பதாம்புகின் பறபன
Where is the temple of God today?
http://www.hummaa.com/music/album/thiru-moolarin-thiru-mandhiram-thiruthani-n-swaminathan/22696
1823உள்ளம் வபருங்பகாயில் ஊனுைம்பு ஆலயம் வள்ளற் பிரானார்க்கு வாய்பகா புரவாசல் வதள்ளத் வதளிந்தார்க்குச் சீவன் சிவலிங்கம் கள்ளப் புலன்ஐந்தும் காளா ைணிவிளக்பக. 1
1.
2. 3.
4.
Inner core (uLLam; the spiritual heart) is the great temple (perum kOvil); Fleshy body, the seat of the soul, (the place of union with Paramaatma) is the temple; For the compassionate Lord, the mouth is the tower-entrance; For those with mental clarity, jeevan (life force; soul) soul is the Shivalingam;
The (deceiving) - five senses are the burning lamps with within the temple. 1823 Soul is Siva Linga For the Bounteous Lord This heart is the sanctum holy, The fleshly body is temple vast The mouth is the tower gate; To them that discern, Jiva is Sivalinga; The deceptive senses but the lights that illume
Lord is Atom-Within-Atom
2008 அணுவில் அணுவில் அணுவில் அணுவில்
அணுவிடன ஆதிப் பிராடன அணுவிடன ஆயிரங் கூறிட்டு அணுடவ அணுகவல் லார்கட்கு அணுடவ அணுகலும் ஆபை. 2
2008 Lord is Atom-Within-Atom The Lord is the Beginning of all, He is the Atom-within-the-atom; Divide an atom within the atom, Into parts one thousand, They who can thus divide That atom within the atom May well near the Lord, He, indeed, is the Atom-within-the-atom.
As Aum is He there?
2804: How Siva is Within The Lord is in our heart, As Aum is He there, As Fire is He there, As Order is He there, As Space in body is He there, He, the One Being.
2804உள்ளத்துள் ஓம்என்ற ஈசன் ஒருவடன உள்ளத்து பளயங்கி யாய ஒருவடன உள்ளத்து பளெீதி யாய ஒருவடன உள்ளத்து பளயுைல் ஆகாய ைாபை. 1
five elements of world and human body
space
air fire
water
earth
2671: God's Form As mouth, eye, body and life The Yoga-God is; Beyond earth, water, fire, wind and sky Void His Form is. 2671உண்ணும் வாயும் உைலும் உயிருைாய்க் கண்ணுைா பயாகக் கைவுள் இருப்பது ைண்ணு ெீரனல் காவலாடு வானுைாய் விண்ணு ைின்றி வவளியாபனார் பைனிபய.
Na, Ma, Si, Va, Ya and human senses
2701வாவயாடு கண்ைம் இதயம் ைருவுந்தி ஆய இலிங்கம் அவற்றின்பைல் அவ்வாய்த் தூயபதார் துண்ைம் இருைத் தகம்வசல்லல் ஆயதுஈ றாம்ஐந்பதாடு ஆம்எழுத்து அஞ்சுபை. 4
2701: How Aum and the Five Letters are Distributed in the Six Centers In the six Adharas (centers) within Are distributed the Five Letters and Aum; That comprise Aum Nama Sivaya (Na, Ma, Si, Va, Ya); In the Muladhara is Na In the Svadhishtana is Ma In the Navel Center is Si In the Heart Center is Va In the Throat Center is Ya In the Eye-brow Center is Aum.
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Touch
Skin
Illusion
na
Taste
Tongue
Arrogance
ma
Sight
Eye
God
ci
Smell
Nose
Power
va
Ear
Sound
Soul
ya
Existence and nonexistence
2941உருவிலி ஊனிலி ஊனம்ஒன்று இல்லி திருவிலி தீதிலி பதவர்க்கும் பதவன் வபாருவிலி பூதப் படையுடை யாளி ைருவிலி வந்துஎன் ைனம்புகுந் தாபன. 6
2941: Attributes of Siva Formless is He, Body less is He, Blemish less is He, Rich less is He, Harmless is He, Celestial of celestials is He, Contention less is He, Bhoota-army possessed is He, Attachment less is He, He entered my thoughts.
Love and Siva are One
270: Love and Siva are One The ignorant prate that Love and Siva are two, But none do know that Love alone is Siva When men but know that Love and Siva are the same, Love as Siva, they e'er remained. 270. அன்பு சிவம் இரண்டு என்பர் அறிவிலார் அன்பப சிவைாவது ஆரும் அறிகிலார் அன்பப சிவைாவது ஆரும் அறிந்தபின் அன்பப சிவைாய் அைர்ந்திருந் தாபர. 1
How Soon the Dead are Forgotten
145: How Soon the Dead are Forgotten The neighbours gathered wailing loud and long, Denied him now a name, called him corpse, And bore him to the burning ghat and the body burnt, Then a ceremonial dip--and memory dies as the hours lapse. ஊவரலாம் கூடி ஒலிக்க அழுதிட்டுப் பபானை நீக்கிப் பிணமென்று பபோட்டுச் சூடரயங் காட்டிடைக் வகாண்டுபபாய்ச் சுட்டிட்டு ெீரினில் மூழ்கி ெிடனப்வபாழிந் தார்கபள. 3
Gifts us
252: Charity is Within Reach of All Easy to all to offer in worship a green leaf to the Lord, Easy to all to give a mouthful to the cow, Easy to all to give a handful, sitting down to eat, Easy to all, good, kind words on others to bestow. யாவர்க்கு யாவர்க்கு யாவர்க்கு யாவர்க்கு
ைாம்இடற வற்குஒரு பச்சிடல ைாம்பசு வுக்வகாரு வாயுடற ைாம் உண்ணும் பபாவதாரு டகப்பிடி ைாம்பிறர்க்கு இன்னுடர தாபன. 2
‘Among the many revelations that Mohenjadaro and Harappa have in store for us, none perhaps is more remarkable than this discovery that Saivism has a history going back to the chalcolithic age’ – John Marshall
The Saiva religion and its philosophy are praised highly by scholars. ‘Saivism is the oldest pre-historic religion of S. India’ – G.U.Pope ‘One of the most closely reasoned religious philosophies found anywhere in the world’. – John H. Piet
