Safety Manual M-001-R3

TCE Consulting Engineers Limited TCE.M7-GN-SF-M-001

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SAFETY MANUAL

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GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ENSURING SAFE WORKING PRACTICES VOLUME-I

REV. NO

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R2

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DATE

01.02.1994

20.06.2001

ISSUE SIGN

20.10.2008

INITIALS

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CONTENTS

Section. No.

Title

Page No

1.

Vision, Mission and Values

3

2.

Safety, Health and Environment Policy

4

3.

Introduction

5

4.

Goals and Objective

7

5.

Definitions

8

6.

Safety Philosophy and Principles

10

7.

Organization and Safety Culture

14

8.

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

18

9.

Accident,

Incident

and

Near-miss

/

Dangerous 20

Occurrences 10.

Causes of Accidents

26

11.

Safety Inspection Observations and Audit

30

12.

Training

38

13.

First-Aid

40

14.

Appendix

48

15

Cross-Reference

49

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REVISION STATUS SHEET

REV. NO.

DATE

DESCRIPTION

R0

01-02-1994

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ENSURING SAFE WORKING PRACTICES AT PROJECT SITES.

R1

20-06-2001

GENERAL UPDATE IN VIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL UPDATE OVER THE YEARS.

R2

20-10-2008

GENERAL UPDATE IN VIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL UPDATE OVER THE YEARS.

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1. VISION, MISSION & VALUES

Vision To be an internationally respected engineering consultant offering comprehensive solutions.

Mission Provide Technically Excellent and Innovative solutions, for Adding Value for all Stakeholders, And Operate Globally, as Professional Consulting Engineers.

Values Customer satisfaction and Loyalty. Employee Dignity and Self Respect. Technical Excellence with Professional Ethics. Organizational and Individual Growth. Responsibility to Society. ISSUE R2

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2. SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY The management of TCE Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE) is committed to consistently support Safety, Health and Environment systems.

Towards this end, TCE will ensure that –

o

All its activities are carried out in a manner that provides reasonably practical safe and healthy environment for its employees and customers.

o

Employees are trained to execute their work in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.

o

Safety, Health and Environment care is exercised in its design and construction services.

o

Safety, Health and Environment performance is continually improved.

TCE will implement this policy in compliance with Safety, Health and Environmental standards and codes of practice of its customers and in accordance with applicable national laws and regulations.

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3. INTRODUCTION In the various chapters of this Manual an attempt has been made to concisely define and describe the various aspects of Safety, including identification and prevention of hazards related to construction work places / sites. Safety of men and material is of vital importance for unhindered execution of activities at site and timely completion of the project. Everyone associated with the work, regardless of his / her position or status, has the responsibility of his / her own safety and safety of people working with / for or around him / her. Accidents and injury cause pain, misery, loss of earning and hardship not only to the injured person, but also to his / her family. No one, therefore, wants to get injured; instead wants to return home in the same condition in which he / she came each day. This is, however, possible only if everyone followed the safety requirements all the time. While it is the responsibility of Management (Owner / Contractor) to provide safe working conditions at work place / site, it is the duty of all associated with the work to earnestly follow the safety rules, norms, standards and procedures, and not to indulge in any unsafe act or practice, and be cause for creation of unsafe conditions. Site / Work place Safety Management should ensure wide coverage / awareness and effective implementation of these to achieve the goal and objective. This shall include establishment of effective channel of communication at site / work place, training, observation & audit, motivation and counselling. As work execution at site is generally carried out by Contractors, due care shall be exercised for their proper selection, duly considering their past performance / safety record, Safety Policy, resources with regard to trained man-power , safety appliances, their understanding and appreciation of Client’s requirements, inclusion of safety clause in the contract and effective contract management. ISSUE R2

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SAFETY PYRAMID

Lagging Indicators

1 Fatality

30 LTI (DC) 300 medical treatments (LWC)

Leading Indicators

3000 Near Miss or first aid cases 30,000 Hazards and Risks Hazards * Unsafe Act * Unsafe Conditions

Gaps in Thinking

Near Misses / First-aid Cases = 10 % of Unsafe Acts + Unsafe Conditions LWC / Minor Injuries = 10 % of Near Misses / First-aid cases Disabling Causes (DC) / Major Injuries = 10 % of LWC / Minor Injuries Fatality Cases = 3 % of DC / Major Injuries

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4. GOALS AND OBJECTIVE To create a Safe and Healthy Environment by reducing, minimizing and eliminating risks at work places / sites, and to demonstrate Management (TCE) commitment with high standard of performance by adopting / practicing the stipulations made in this Manual.

The objective of Safety Management is to reduce the Unsafe Acts to such a level where probability of injury is eliminated; a step beyond would be Incident – free Work place / site.

Safety is no accident. Following are the desired targets at work place / site:¾

NO Fatality

¾

NO Lost time Accidents

¾

NO Medical Cases

¾

NO Fires

¾

NO Spills

¾

NO Personal Injury

¾

NO Environment Incidents

¾

NO Loss to property

¾

NO Near misses / hits

Tracking Safety Performance against the above targets will serve as a yard stick to measure whether safety today is better than last week. Persistence would yield safety following week bettering the previous week.

The ultimate goal is “Incident free work”.

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5. DEFINITIONS

Accident: It is an undesired event or incident that results in harm to people and / or environment and damage to property or loss to process.

Incident: It is an event that gives rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to an accident or adverse community reaction. It is a symptom that something is wrong.

Near Miss / Near Hit: It is an undesired event which under slightly different circumstances could have resulted in harm to people and / or environment and damage to property or loss to process.

Hazard: Anything which has the potential to cause harm.

Risk: The likelihood of harm being realized. (Lack of risk perception is responsible or accidents. Perceiving risk is Safety Attitude and Safety Norms are followed then)

Injury: It is always a result of some accident

Severity Rating: Rating assigned to an unsafe situation (condition or act).

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Severity Index: Weighted Average of Violations ratings observed during an Audit, that represents the prevalent safety situation of a work place / site, area or sub-area.

Safety: Means: No injuries; No accidents; No place for unplanned activity; All activities well defined; Everyone knows his job well; Everyone takes pride in doing his job well; and Work excellence.

Management: Any one in administrative / executive capacity having powers to sanction leave, fills appraisals / grants promotion to his subordinates, and sanctions budgets is considered to be in management position or a part of management.

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6. SAFETY PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES ¾ Working safely shall be a Condition of Employment / Engagement. ¾ Training Employees to Work Safely shall be essential. ¾ All injuries can be prevented and preventing personal injury is a good business. ¾ Management is responsible for preventing injuries. ¾ Employees’ involvement is essential. ¾ Every job shall be assessed for risk and due control action exercised. ¾ Causes of Unsafe Behaviour-BBS can be identified ¾ Regular management observation is a must. ¾ To read and understand all Safety Standards made available, incorporate them in Safe Working Procedure (SWP) and manage site safety through these. ¾ Safety should be managed – set practical achievable goals and plan to achieve them. ¾ Safety is Line Management responsibility. ¾ Concern and Care for the Employees. ¾ Ensure hazard free and clean work environment. ¾ Safety System shall fit and reflect the culture of the Organization.

Remember: “You get the level of safety that you demonstrate you want” “Make safety a way of life”

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Behavioural Based Safety (BBS):

A new concept of behaviour based safety culture is emerging. According to this even with varieties of safety system, procedures, knowledge and equipment in place, injuries continue to happen, especially where human element is involved. It has been felt that this is primarily due to unsafe behaviour and habits, and consequent unsafe acts causing accidents and injuries. Cost of attending to the injuries and absenteeism on this account will keep mounting more and more in years to come. Apart from moral and statutory obligations, attention, therefore, needs to be focused on behavioural safety.

Behavioural based safety system (BBSS) takes a look at the behaviours we all demonstrate and practice, and how these habits and attitudes put us at risk. Behaviour of personnel can be altered surely but slowly by organized, concerted and conscious effort from all management personnel.

BBSS develops observations and analytical techniques, as well as communication and relationship with fellow colleagues and workforce. The process, basically involving and driving employees, constitutes the following steps •

Observe each other and give feedback on significant practices.

•

Look for safe behaviour focusing on –

•

Body Position, eyes on work, eyes on path, lifting practices and holding practices.

•

Work condition, selection and use of tools, labelling / tags, well prepared work permit, work area free from tripping / slipping hazards, signs / barricading, lighting, ventilation and fall protection.

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Clothing, PPE condition, use of eye / face protection, helmet, respirator, hazardous gas / underground services detection, N2 blanketing, earthing, influence of drug / intoxicants / stimulants.

Prepare a list of Safe behaviours with employees’ direct involvement and clear acceptance without overriding the existing rules, regulations and law of the land, and make the list available with every employee. Let each employee carry out observation on one employee for 5 minutes informing the employee that his/her behaviour is being observed. The Observer may express his/her concern on Unsafe behaviour, but will note down only the safe behaviour on the sheet without mentioning the name of observed employee. The observation shall be objective – following a particular rule, using a particular PPE, and similar, and shall not be subjective like – well dressed, good house-keeping, etc. Supervisors / Managers also shall make similar observations during their turn, noting down at least 3 - 4 safe behaviours exhibited by employees. •

Analyze observations

•

Plan and Implement improvements.

•

Set team goals

•

Provide feedback to team on progress towards goal, and

•

Encourage / Appreciate / Recognize individuals and commemorate team Achievement.

In this model (BBSS) Safety Observations are Safety Index Advantages of behavioural safety are – •

Promotes employees involvement,

•

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Proactive rather than Reactive,

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Effective injury reduction, and

•

Effective performance improvement.

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Communication plays a vital role in disseminating information. Management shall ensure that the Safety requirements, rules, regulations and policies are clear, well defined and widely communicated through electronic media, PA system, site and review meetings, bulletin boards, news letters / magazines, hand outs, banners, posters, booklets, circulars, models, exhibitions, plays / acts and safety campaigns. A “communication sub-committee” could be instituted and its help taken in achieving this objective. Another important aspect in achieving safety goals and objective is discipline. Management shall be fair and firm, and discipline for safety violations must be seen as consistently applied to everyone regardless of position and appropriate to the degree of violation. All individuals shall be bound to follow all safety rules as notified from time to time, and shall use safety equipment and appliances when necessary. Breach of this shall be treated as misconduct and shall be liable for punishment. The following rules are considered Cardinal or Life saving rules, and shall be strictly complied with and non-adherence/compliance shall not be condoned. This is in view of very high order of present safety needs and to keep human life above all. •

Starting the job With proper work permit or clearance,

•

Not to be under influence of alcohol or illegal drugs at work,

•

Compliance to the rules of confined space,

•

Fulfilment of essential conditions for safe gas cutting and welding,

•

No tempering of locks/protections in the positive isolation, and

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7. ORGANIZATION AND SAFETY CULTURE A good Organization ensures – ¾ Maximum involvement / participation of and driven by employees and management ¾ Analysis and Judgment at all appropriate levels ¾ Information flowing up as well as down- Two Way Communication ¾ All branches and levels working together

Employees / Workers involvement could be secured by letting them – ¾ Identify their safety training needs, ¾ Participate actively and interact with positive frame of mind, ¾ Follow safety rules and procedures, ¾ Maintain equipment and work place in order, and ¾ Avoid indifference to safety.

Safety is driven by the employees. A “Safety Committee” at each of the location / site should be formed with wide representation from the employees.

To ensure safe working environment at work places, Employees are encouraged to: •

Plan and carry out inspections of their areas,

•

Identify issues and generate report on their observations.

The Safety Committee shall: •

Review such reports,

•

Initiate corrective & preventive action,

•

Set safety targets, monitor performance, measure improvements, and Commemorate achievements. ISSUE R2

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Management involvement would mean – ¾ Ensuring up to date safe procedure in place for each and every job. ¾ Inviting suggestions on/for Safety. ¾ Monitoring and checking the Unsafe Conditions. ¾ Obtaining feedback and conducting safety reviews regularly. ¾ Encouraging employees to bring out Safety Concerns / Issues without Fear and giving due consideration. ¾ Each level of Management needs to feel and accept responsibility for the behaviour of those who report to them, and control the events.

Management drive would require – ¾ Having clear, appropriate and relevant rules and regulations in place. ¾ Providing training at appropriate levels and ensuring resource for it. ¾ Selecting right design, men, material and equipment for the job. ¾ Enforcing implementation and measuring safety performance. ¾ Reward the performers and track the non-performers. ¾ Ensuring uniformity in discipline and reward.

The Leader must set example and expect this from his managers and supervisors. The Leadership shall also define and communicate the need and benefits of changes, and ensure – ¾ Strategic action planning ¾ Well defined management / Supervision activities. ¾ Employees’ participation, and ¾ Assessment, Review, Feed-back and Learning

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A good Process ensures – ¾ Safety focused meetings, including Tool-box talks and Mass meetings, with employees. ¾ One to One talk with employees to get their feelings about Safety and adequacy of facilities provided. ¾ Counselling and motivational means. ¾ Adequacy of banners, posters, notice boards, safety corners and exhibitions. ¾ Encouragement and celebrations

All Employees / Work- force expect – ¾ A safe work place ¾ To be accident free ¾ A good team and a good leader,

And a Proactive Organization must ensure this by creating a safety culture having zero injuries as a result of effective enforcement of systems, procedures and process.

The benefits of Safe Work Culture are:¾ Requirements consistently communicated, ¾ Responsibilities understood and accepted, ¾ Management and Employees’ relationship cordiality, and ¾ Behaviour driven safety results.

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¾ Responsibility / Accountability not clearly defined and demonstrated Proactively ¾ Tolerance of Unsafe Behaviour. ¾ Enforcement of rules :– Different standards practiced

An organization should strive for Interdependent Safety Culture which is both employees and management driven with their full involvement and has – ¾ Teams building, team commitment, team goal and team owning Safety ¾ To Help others to conform to Safety. ¾ Value for each other ¾ Organizational pride is derived, and ¾ Working unsafely is considered disgraceful. ¾ Continual learning and improvement.

This culture will lead to achieving zero injuries by choice and not by chance.

What needs is a System of Planning, Implementation, Check / Audit, Review, Learning and Continual Improvement.

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8. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT Anything with potential to cause harm is Hazard, and the likelihood of harm being realized is Risk. Many a times people tend to ignore or fail to identify / assess hazards in the background of their past experience, mindset, complacency or belief.

A few common examples of which are given below: ™ I know my job / trade. ™ This never happens. ™ I can get away with it if I did it once a while. ™ We will do it this way just one time only. ™ You are exaggerating the situation. ™ We have been doing it since last so many years and never had any problem.

Risk perception reduces with time if there are no accidents / injuries. Also, at times significant items are ignored and trivial concentrated upon. Lack of / reduction in risk perception is responsible for accidents resulting into severe injuries.

Risk perception is Safety Attitude and Safety norms are followed only then. Education / information, however, play an important role. Risk perception attitude has to be developed and maintained in the management as well as employees.

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The following steps could be adopted for Hazard Identification – ¾ Involve employees and safety representatives to identify items / events / work activities which may pose hazard – hazards may include what? ¾ Determine who, what might be harmed and how? - Employees / work-force - Visitors - Property - Environment ¾ Evaluate the risk and decide whether existing controls/measures are adequate or do they require strengthening? - Safe Work Procedures (SWP) and Standards - Tools, appliances and equipment - Trained crew ¾ Record the findings ¾ Review the assessment and revise following as control measures. - New procedures - New machine - New materials

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9. ACCIDENT, INCIDENT AND NEAR-MISS / DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES Despite Proper Safety System, accidents at work places / sites do take place. The workplaces / sites, therefore, shall be in preparedness all the time to promptly and properly handle such eventualities. It is expected that all team members exercise vigilant and ensure strict adherence to all safety norms by TCE staff as well as by the contractor’s staff. Despite all the vigilance and measures, if an accident / mishap takes place, please ensure that it should be immediately reported to VP(CN) or his designated officer as well as to the respective Project Manager / Project Co-ordinator by telephone and followed by e-mail. Please ensure that detail investigation is made and action plan to avoid such incident has to be submitted within 72 hours of the accident.

The Emergency Plans preferably must include the following:¾

Contact telephone numbers exhibited at prominent places.

¾

Identified emergency Assembly Point and route

¾

A Vehicle / Ambulance with driver available at all the times.

¾

Written down procedure with specified responsibilities and identified owners, known to individuals.

¾

Siren / hooter system for immediate and effective communication for rushing help, and evacuation.

The below mentioned practice could be followed for reporting the accidents:

Accidents Not Involving Injury to Personnel

In case of any accident which does not involve injury to any personnel, the in- charge of the area in which the accident has taken place shall prepare a brief ISSUE R2

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report clearly mentioning the date, time, place, equipment involved, agency involved, details of accident including damages caused, approximate extent of loss, etc.

The report shall be followed by a detailed report with identified

probable reasons / causes for the accident. These reports shall be routed through proper channels to the concerned authorities for necessary information / action.

Accidents Involving Injury to Personnel

Whenever any accident involves injury (minor or serious but without fatality potential) to any person, the in- charge of area in which the accident has taken place shall prepare a report as above, also indicating the nature of injury caused to the person, and route the report through proper channel to the concerned authority, and, as the need may be, to the concerned Government Authority / Statutory Bodies as required in consultation with the customers.

The in-charge of first aid and the medical officer must enter their diagnosis and the nature of injury along with the treatment administered and advice for going back to duty / rest / hospitalization.

The injured person shall not be permitted to resume duties unless and until fitness certificate is issued to him by the attending medical officer.

The compensation payable, if any, shall be worked out, by the concerned agency based on the nature of accident, causes of accident, nature of injury and applicable Government Regulations.

Accident involving serious injury likely to be fatal Whenever any accident involves serious injury to any personnel which could result in fatality, the in-charge of area in which the accident has taken place should prepare a detailed report as above.

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nature of injury caused to the person and route the report through proper channel to the concerned authority, including to the concerned Government Statutory Bodies as required in consultation with the customers. The in-charge of first aid and the medical officer must enter their diagnosis and nature of injury along with the treatment administered and the need for rest / hospitalization / certification of death (in respect of fatal accident). In the event of fatal accident certification of death has to be along with post-mortem report from the concerned Government Medical Authorities. The injured person shall not be permitted to resume duties unless and until fitness certificate is issued to him by attending medical officer. The compensation payable, if any, shall be worked out by the concerned agency based on the nature of accident, cause of the accident, nature of injury and applicable Government Regulations. Fatal Accident Whenever any fatal accident takes place the in-charge of the area in which the accident has taken place shall prepare a detailed report and also immediately arrange to intimate to the concerned Government Bodies, such as local police, in the form of First Information Report (FIR) or as called for by applicable Government Regulations as required in consultation with the customers. In the event of fatal accident, certification of death has to be along with postmortem report from the concerned Government Medical Authorities. The compensation payable shall be worked out, by the concerned agency based on the nature of accident, cause of the accident, nature of injury and applicable Government Regulations.In case the accident has caused loss / damage to property along with injury, the report prepared by the in-charge must include such details also. ISSUE R2

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While rushing help to the victim, attending to him/her, his/her hospitalization, compensation to him/her, corrective measures and restoring work at site / work place will acquire priority; necessary action for preventing recurrence must also be taken. For this the site / workplace management shall constitute an inquiry committee to investigate the case and submit report highlighting the root cause of the accident and measures required to be taken for preventing recurrence. Investigation must also be carried out for Incidents and Near Misses. Each case is the result of some Unsafe Behaviour which needs to be corrected. The Unsafe behaviour has to be spelt out and the injury report along with it shared with all by proper communication through the departmental or steering committee, and action taken to eliminate the cause. Each case must bring out some learning to enter the system for preventing recurrence. In case of incidents / accidents the issues to be addressed are as follows:Immediate Action Appropriate immediate action shall be taken by the personnel on the spot, e.g. – first aid, fire fighting, containing spills, evacuation, isolation of energy sources, etc. This shall also apply to situations where accident has not taken place; the immediate action shall be aimed at mitigating the risk to personnel. The Line Manager shall have the power to barricade and suspend work in the area where incident has occurred till the site is declared safe for working and / or investigations have been completed. Reporting The area in-charge shall raise an incident /accident report in appropriate form available, if any. Serious accidents should immediately be reported to the Owner / Client. The following accidents are statutorily required to be reported to the specific authorities, depending upon the jurisdiction. ISSUE R2

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Death, injury requiring hospitalisation, treatment needed due to chemical exposure, major spills, emissions or serious environmental impact, medical treatment needed within 48 hours of exposure to a substance, electric shock, spinal injury, loss of body function, collapse of an excavation / building / structure, implosion, explosion, fire, spillage of any dangerous goods, overturning / failure / collapse of a plant, release / fall of a substance from a height, inrush of water / mud / gas, interruption in main ventilation system or any other event specifically prescribed by legislation. The report shall include type of accident (collapse, explosion, spill, gas leak, electric shock, etc.), injury / illness to a person that results in his / her unfitness for attending duty for a continuous period of more than 48 hours, nature / extent of plant and machinery damage, potential damage due to exposure. Records of such reports / notification shall be kept for a period of at least 5 years. Investigation All incidents evaluated based on their severity shall be investigated by an individual or a committee, constituted by Management to inquire into the root cause of the accident, and for corrective and preventive action to stop any recurrence. The investigation shall analyse the following:•

Whether there was SHE Management system failure?

•

Was there a Safe Work Procedure for the activity?

•

Was the procedure adequate–simple, easy to use, comprehensive, practical, workable, and effective, etc.?

•

Was the procedure properly implemented and followed?

•

Was the crew trained to carry out the work?

•

Was the Supervision adequate and of appropriate quality?

•

Was proper resources and tools, tackles, etc provided for the job?

•

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A Corrective Action Note, detailing the scope and impact of the corrective action, shall be raised. The potential cost of the accident shall be worked out as a part of the investigation and shall form a part of the report. The scope of investigation may also include identification of the person / agency responsible and the consequence management arising thereupon. The record shall be kept with the document controller or as specified by the legislation.

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10. CAUSES OF ACCIDENT Standard Acts ¾

Operating without Authority

¾

Non-use of PPE / clothing or use of defective / damaged PPE

¾

Violation of Procedure

¾

Violation of standards / norms

¾

Use of defective or improper tools / tackles / equipment

¾

Working under influence of drug / alcohol / intoxicant

¾

Absent minded / unmindful / talking on cell phone while walking driving, entering toilets, operation of machineries or climbing down stairs.

¾

Faulty signalling

¾

Failure to warn or Failure to acknowledge warn

¾

Horseplay / Over- confidence / Complacency / Behavioural

¾

Lack of knowledge

¾

Issuance of incorrect / in-appropriate instructions

Mitigate by Observations and Feedback loops

No loose or thin garment, full pant, full sleeve shirt tucked in and buttoned at the cuff, cotton dress except for those worn during special operations, reflective high visibility jacket, overall, helmet, shoes, goggles, gloves, shin guard, full body harness, gum boots, welder’s helmet, ear plugs, nose mask / breather, nail-less shoes, and any other gadget required for specific work irrespective of the gender/position of person.

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Standard Conditions ¾ Poor house-keeping / congestion ¾ Poor lighting / ventilation / working conditions ¾ Weather conditions (extreme heat, dust, storm, cold, dew, snow, heavy rain, etc) ¾ Lack of training ¾ Defective equipment ¾ Hazardous / noisy atmosphere ¾ Improper storage of chemicals/ explosives ¾ Inadequate fire prevention / fire fighting devices ¾ Improper/ inadequate signs and signals ¾ Lack of control ¾ Inadequate supervision / leadership

Mitigate by Risk Assessment, Prevention & Control, Inspection and Audits.

Personal Factors ¾ Lack of knowledge ¾ Physical / psychological stress ¾ Physical / mental inability ¾ Lack of motivation

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¾ Abuse / misuse ¾ Wear / tear and inadequate maintenance ¾ Absence of / inadequate supervision

Mitigate

personal

and

job

factors

by

Training,

Accountability,

Communication, Planning & Evaluation, Rules & Procedures, and Incident Investigations

Most of the Injuries / accidents are caused by unsafe acts and behaviours, and not merely due to unsafe conditions and equipment.

75%

Injuries are only due to Unsafe Acts (u/a)

20%

Injuries are due to a combination of Unsafe Acts and Unsafe Conditions.

5%

Injuries only are due to Unsafe Conditions (u/c)

Amongst the injuries caused due to unsafe acts, the major contributors are:

30%

Incorrect / Improper Body Posture / Position

28%

Faulty Tools/ Equipment

15%

Non-use of PPE

12%

Procedure Violation , and

15%

Reaction of People / Action of Others / Orderliness

(%ages may vary depending upon site conditions and organization)

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Cost of Accident

Visible or Direct Cost ¾ Medical cost ¾ Compensation ¾ Property damage

Insured Cost ( Tip of the Iceberg )

¾ Product loss

Hidden or Indirect Cost ¾ Production loss ¾ Loss of sales / deliverables

Uninsured Cost ( the Iceberg )

¾ Dent on Company’s image ¾ Loss of Goodwill / confidence ¾ Cost of investigation / Management’s time ¾ Legal expenses, Fines / Penalties ¾ Loss of referrals / business

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11. SAFETY INSPECTION OBERVATION AND AUDIT Safety Inspection

A routine, scheduled inspection of an Unit or Department which may be carried out by personnel within the Unit, possibly accompanied by some one from external. The inspection would check maintenance standards, employees’ involvement, working practices, and that work is carried out in accordance with procedures etc., rather than wide-reaching or in-depth approach taken in audit.

Safety Observations

Safety observation during execution of work at sites / Work places is a “Process” in which the assigned Safety Personnel visit the work areas to observe implementation of Safety system in the work being performed. Ideally all work centres / sub centres shall be visited and at least 80% of the engaged workmen observed during a minimum of 2 hours duration. The safety observer notices the safe as well as Unsafe Acts, Conditions and work practices. He / She communicate with employees about his / her observations and safety aspects of the job. While he / she gives complements to the employees for the good work, their attention is drawn towards the Unsafe work, discusses the risk / hazard involved and severity potential, decides upon urgency of corrective action / work stoppage depending upon the severity, and also takes employees’ commitment to work safely.

A differentiation has to be made between Safety Observations and Inspection Observations, and the Observer must be unambiguously knowledgeable about it so that his/her actions are guided accordingly. Or else the very purpose would get defeated. ISSUE R2

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During the Safety Observations people are observed, everyone is covered, observations are positive as well as negative, and the interactive discussion is followed by report generation and corrective / remedial action. This in contrast to the Inspection Observations where things are observed, the observations are only negative, only experts are talked to; the dialogue is passive and followed by report generation and corrective action.

Field Observation is another ‘term’ often used. Field observations are primarily for compliance, are on acts and conditions, involve only supervisors with passive dialogue, provide 80+ % coverage, followed by report. Safety observations are on people for preventive measures; involve everyone on 1 to 1 interactive training, generation of report and subsequent follow up. The benefits of Safety Observations (field observations included) and feedback arising thereupon are:¾

Prevent injury and property loss.

¾

Reinforce positive safety behaviour.

¾

Raise safety awareness and reduces complacency about hazards.

¾

Establish Safety standards.

¾

Test understanding of safety standards.

¾

Test compliance with standards.

¾

Identify weakness in safety standards.

¾

Identify and correct unsafe situations / fix some hazard immediately

¾

Tips sharing between experienced and new people.

¾

Motivate people to use safe practice consistently.

Safety Observations could be categorised under the following (generally classified as six steps):¾

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Clothing and Personal protective equipment,

¾

Tools and Equipment,

¾

Procedures and Orderliness, and

¾

Ergonomics (repetitive motions)

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When a personnel working unsafely is observed, the Safety Observer shall draw the employee’s attention. He / She shall primarily comment on the employee’s safe work, and then discuss the Unsafe Act, its possible consequences and safer way to do the job. He / She shall get the employee’s agreement / commitment to work safely in future. The observer shall also discuss other safety related issues, and then at the end express gratitude to the employee.

While discussing the Unsafe Act, the Safety Observer must express his concern, and focus on effect and not the act. All queries shall be framed to sound like exploring and learning, and definitely not like teaching.

Observation matrix ¾

First line supervision to observe employees of their own area 3 – 5 times per week.

¾

Team to observe each other in their own area 3 – 5 times per week, and Cross observation with other teams as required / requested.

¾

Mid-management to observe the first line supervision, team members and employees of entire area 1- 4 times per month.

Top management to

(a) Observe team members and employees of segments 1 - 4 times per month, and (b) Mid-management of entire operation once per quarter.

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Observation information, reports and feedbacks can be utilized for assessing the personnel and the work they do, detecting developing problems (follow up and action), visualizing trends and reinforce positives. Safety Audit Safety audit is a technique to systematically appraise the effectiveness of a safety program under execution. This helps to improve and upgrade the existing safety program. Safety audit is a methodology to critically evaluate safety program and performance in terms of accident frequency, severity rates, identification and control of hazards and assessment of financial losses on account of bad performance. Safety audit also helps to evaluate the overall quality and character of the safety program and its effectiveness. Safety audit is meant to bring to light lacunae and lapses in the safety practices being followed so that ways and means can be found to initiate corrective measures to achieve better performance, efficiently and economy. Types of Safety Audit Safety audit can be internal or external based on whether it is carried out by a team of persons within the organization or by a team of experts from an outside safety / consulting organization hired for carrying out the audit. Internal and External Safety audits have their own merits / demerits. In case of internal safety audit, information as necessary could be had due to close association with colleagues but there could be a tendency to protect person(s) responsible for deficiencies. In case of external audit, collecting the information is more difficult but the analysis is likely to be more objective and remedies suggested more realistic since the auditors are expected to be neutral.

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Safety audit can also be categorised as basic audit, self audit and professional audit. Basic audit means ensuring that all basic elements of the safety program are implemented including analysis of qualitative, quantitative, setup, procedures and controls, hazard identification education, training and maintenance of relevant records. Self audit involves analysis of elements such as leadership and administration,

training, inspection procedures, inventory and job analysis of

critical jobs, investigations of accidents / incidents, emergency preparedness, rules and regulations, group safety meetings and communication, community education and demonstration. Professional analysis is essentially external audit by a professional consultancy organization. Professional audit involves analysis of various critical elements of safety program at micro level, such as health of safety program, health hazard control, personnel protection equipment, program evaluation system, purchase and engineering control,

general promotion of safety awareness including

training, display of audio / video cassettes etc., selection and placement of personnel to implement the safety program etc. Professional audit involves review of basic and self audits, safety programs, preparation of a questionnaire for the audit to be filled in by the industrial unit for which the professional safety audit is conducted, identification of vulnerable areas on the basis of the completed questionnaire, verification of information and clarifications obtained etc, analysis of information collected, arriving at loss indices, submission of report along with recommendations.

Safety audit, both basic and self, need to be conducted by in-house safety personnel on regular basis in order to assess the site situation, to facilitate taking corrective action / remedial measures to ensure safe working conditions, to exhibit management care and concern about them, and to keep their morale high.

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Measurement of Safety Performance

Safety performance of site is measured to improve processes and procedures being practiced at site. Following two methods have been adopted.

I.

DuPont Method

The Site should be audited on daily basis, maintaining an element of surprise, to assess the unsafe conditions and unsafe acts – the prime factors responsible for causing accidents / incidents / near misses. The audit observations could be categorized, as explained above under the heading - observations, and assigned severity rating on 1 to 5 scales on the following pattern depending upon the severity -1 being minor and 5 posing fatality potential (Alternatively it could be Safety index from 1-5 with sites/ work places with Safety Index as one being Most Unsafe and 5 being Most Safe).

Severity Rating 1: Untidy area, minor issues. Severity Rating 2: Restricted access, littered scrap / trash, and disorderliness. Severity Rating 3: Violations of Rules and Procedures – potential injury. Severity Rating 4: Unsafe conditions – serious injury potential – take prompt action Severity Rating 5: Immediate serious injury potential – stop activity immediately and correct

A Severity Index (SI) of 2.2 or lower shall be targeted to ensure safe working. Maximum of the week’s SI should be reported on weekly basis for review. Depending upon the size, the site may be divided into zones, and responsibility assigned to a senior person for each zone. In case of higher than 2.5 SI found during the audit, all activities of the site/zone should be stopped and corrective action taken before restarting the work. ISSUE R2

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Severity Index (SI) =

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Sum of violations X Their respective severity rating

Total no. of violations observed during the audit The audit process shall also provide coverage to ‘compliance to safety standards’,

‘good

citizens(clothing

&

PPE

compliance

and

no

act

violation)’,‘quality of safe work procedures’, and ‘awareness of safety standards and rules’; aim / target 98 – 100 % for compliance to safety standards and good citizens, and 4.9 – 5 for the rest on 1 to 5 scale.

A simple guide for site work execution could be – •

100 % compliance to safety standards.

•

100 % good citizens

•

Severity index ≤ 2.2

•

No incidents

As described earlier, the objective of safety observations and audit is to improve the safety performance. Some of the parameters against which this could be measured are as follows – -

Lost work days

-

Total injury rates

-

Reduction in cost of equipment damage, insurance premium, and compensation

-

Attendance at safety meetings

-

Completion of training

-

Increase in strength of knowledgeable and skilled employees

-

Increase in employees involvement and cooperation

-

Reassured full work force with high morale

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II. Site Safety Index

Quantitative Rating Method 0

1

2

3

4

5

Housekeeping

Materials are scattered, No clear area, haphazard, personnel are not aware, repeated finding.

Materials are scattered, No clear area, haphazard, personnel are not aware

Awareness is not available, not clearly identified., passage not clear.

Awareness is good, clear identification, barricaded, few material not stacked , no personnel wrongly approaching the movement

Awareness good, clearly identification, barricaded, no signages

Permit Work

No permit to work personnel working

Permit to work and JSA writtennot signed, Not understood by supervisor. JSA written, Not covering all activity being done, Hazard findings are not adequate

Permit to work written valid. Tool box talk not done.

Permit to work written valid. Tool box talk not done. Not displayed.

Permit to work written valid. Tool box talk not done. Signed Displayed not closed.

Clearly identified location for material storages, description of materials to be stored is displayed, personnel are ensuring 100% 0f material are stacked in its place. Stacking of material is as per standard. All the employees are aware of where to keep what, walking passage is clearly marked, no hindrance. PTW in place, signed, displayed, understood, being followed, Closed.

JSA cover all activity, Hazards are Identified inadequate

JSA cover all activity, Hazards are Identified adequately identified, recommendati ons inadequate, Awareness poor. More than 4 finding during the walk

JSA cover all activity, Hazards are Identified adequately identified, recommendations adequate, Awareness need improvement

JSA cover all activity, Hazards are adequately identified, recommendations adequate, good awareness.

More than 2 finding during the walk

No unsafe condition

Supervisor present at work, observing, conduct tool box talk, Lack of awareness

Supervisor present at work, observing, conduct tool box signature and aware of process. No documents

Supervisor present at work, observing, conduct tool box signature and aware of process. Coaches and mentors the team

To

PPE Adherence

No JSA, NO DETAILS of activity.

Unsafe Condition/Uns afe Act

More than 10 finding during the walk

More than 8 finding during the walk

More than 6 finding during the walk

Supervision

No supervisor identified and present.

Supervisor identified but not present .

Supervisor present at work, observing details- due to too many activities.

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12. TRAINING AND COMPETANCY The site management must ensure that no one is deployed without proper training, irrespective of his / her position. In order to familiarize with the general requirements of safety, all employees shall go through safety orientation / induction training, and possess valid safety card as a testimony of it all the time. This is an important formality before issuing entry pass to the employees for working in their workplace / site. Work related training for specific requirement also need to be organized. Some suggested areas of such training are mentioned below:

Majority of accidents are due to materials falling from height, working at height, faulty platform / scaffold and hand rails, non-use of lifeline / lanyard / full body harness, faulty access / ladder, traffic rule violation, unguarded machinery, and fire due to gas cutting / welding spatters. As some of these may pose serious injury / fatality potential, training in these areas should be arranged on priority basis.

Suggested Training Areas •

First aid

•

Fire fighting / prevention

•

Full body harness and specific PPE / clothing

•

Road safety

•

Track line safety

•

Crane operator

•

Storage and handling of compressed gases and hazardous materials

•

Working in gaseous/ hazardous/ confined areas

•

Positive isolation

•

Hoisting / Lifting / rigging

•

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•

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Barricading

•

Working in electrical rooms

•

Gas cutting, welding and grinding

•

Working at height, and fall protection

•

Pressure vessels and pressure testing

•

Roof sheeting work

•

Disposal of wastes and toxic materials

•

Temporary electrical wiring and installations

•

Use of portable electrically operated tools

•

Hydra Operation

•

Heavy Vehicle Drivers Training

•

SA 8000

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Site management shall from time to time assess the training needs of the personnel working at sites and arrange for imparting such training. The “Steering Committee” or the communication sub-committee can play an important role in this. A record of trained persons in safety shall be available at site. It should also be made obligatory on part of the senior persons to ensure that their subordinates have received requisite safety training.

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13. FIRST AID First aid is the immediate medical aid made available at the work site itself to an injured or seriously ill person before regular expert medical facility could be provided. This is essential to ensure preservation of life, promotion of recovery and prevent injury or illness from worsening till medical aid from an authorized specialist doctor is obtained. It is to be ensured that all the erection agencies have adequate first aid facilities at the work site itself for use of their employees at all times. Bare minimum first aid kit as advised by the registered medical practitioner should be available. At least one first aid attendant / trained nurse should be always available at the work site with every erection contractor having manpower exceeding 50. A transport vehicle should be available for any emergency at all times at the work site. Telephone numbers and addresses of Doctors, Hospitals and first aid attendants should always be available (preferably displayed at suitable prominent location) to ensure prompt communication / availing expert medical aid. A brief procedure for first aid treatment at site is given below.

Mental shock This is a condition of severe depression of vital functions either due to severe injury or narrow escape. This is a condition of collapse of patient wherein if proper control is not ensured immediately, it could end up in death.

Symptoms: Cold moist skin, nausea, pallor and giddiness, skin colour pale/ white ashen grey or slightly blue, breathing shallow and rapid, pulse rate rapid but weak; the patient would be thirsty and with clouded consciousness.

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Treatment Lay the patient on his back in 'head low' position; attend to injuries, if any. If the patient vomits, turn his head to one side. Wrap the patient in blanket to provide warmth. If the patient is in a condition to swallow, give weak tea or coffee.

The patient should be reassured.

The patient should not be

unnecessarily moved about but shifted to hospital at the earliest opportune moment.

Electric shock Switch off the source of supply if easily accessible, if not, pull the victim using aids such as dry rope, dry walking stick, rubber gloves, folded newspaper, dry garment or any dry non-conducting ( insulation ) material. The rescuer should preferably be standing on insulation material like wooden board, wooden planks, rubber mats or with rubber soled shoes or newspapers. In no case the rescuer should use bare hands to pull the victim which could be fatal to the rescuer himself. Unless the patient is breathing normally which is most unlikely in case of a severe shock, give the patient artificial respiration and continue the same till the doctor is available to take further care. Check the carotid pulse of the patient; give external heart massage if necessary. Lay the patient on back, clear the mouth and throat of obstructions if any, keep the head low so as to ensure nostrils pointing directly upwards and by pushing the jaw to open air passages. Repeat the process till the patient's pulse, breathing improves or the summoned doctor arrives for taking further care.

Burns or scalds In case of serious burn or scald, a doctor and an ambulance must be summoned at once. The patient should be immediately wound in a blanket and rolled to extinguish fire caught by the clothes etc. Immediately on extinguishing the fire, pour / ISSUE R2

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spray cold water on the affected part of the body. Apply ice or 'burnol'. Cover the burnt area with clean or prepared sterilized burn dressing. Bandage the affected area firmly except when blisters are present. Immobilize the affected part. Treat the patient for mental shock if required; attend to the patient till the doctor is available.

External bleeding. Lay the patient in a comfortable horizontal position. Elevate the bleeding portion. Every effort should be made to stop bleeding by direct pressure or by applying a pad or sterilized dressing after cleaning the wound using antiseptics such as 'dettol' or 'savalon' and

then applying tincture iodine or tincture

benzoinco. The wound should be firmly bandaged. If direct pressure does not stop bleeding, use indirect pressure by applying pressure on the relevant pressure point or by using constrictive pad. Arterial bleeding, if encountered, may be controlled by applying mild pressure on the artery between the wound and the heart. Summon for the doctor or ambulance and shift the patient to the hospital.

Fractures Where a fracture is suspected, the limb must be immobilized. Do not attempt to move the patient until the injured part is immobilized by a trained person.

The

patient should be shifted to hospital only by competent ambulance staff.

Minor wounds All minor wounds, cuts, scratches should be attended to immediately to avoid risk of infection. The wound should be cleaned using 'dettol' / 'savalon' and then applied with tincture iodine, tincture benzoinco or 'Neosporin' powder as per individual case. Cover the wound using a sterilised dressing or adhesive plaster based on the location of the wound. In case of injury becoming painful or if it gets inflamed, patient should be immediately rushed to the hospital to avail proper medical attention. ISSUE R2

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Eye injuries In case the patient complains of foreign body in the eye, he should be advised not to rub the eye but casually and gradually blink the eye lid under water. Even after repeating the cleansing operation with water, if the complaint persists, then the first aid attendant / nurse should blow air by mouth in the affected eye to remove the trapped foreign material. If the complaint still persists, eye drops such as ‘locula’ may be used and the patient sent to the hospital for adequate medical aid but in no case shall the patient be allowed to rub the eyes or any attempt made to remove the foreign body using external means since this could result in permanent damage to the eye, retina etc.

Snake bite The treatment should be prompt. Call for the doctor and ambulance, but start the first aid immediately by arresting the blood circulation in the snake bitten limb by using constrictive bandage for 15 minutes and release for 1 minute repeatedly till the doctor arrives to ensure that the poison does not spread. If possible suck the spot of bite but only after constructive bandage is applied and the wound is cleaned and washed using solution of potassium permanganate in order to remove venom which may have dried on the skin, and spit out immediately; repeat this till the patient feels relieved.

Make a deep cut with a

sharp knife or razor blade at the bitten spot in order to bleed out the venom mixed blood. Keep the patient warm by covering with a blanket. Patient should be absolutely still and no movement is permitted. If the patient is in a condition to swallow, give him strong coffee or tea. If it is noticed that breathing is reduced or has stopped, give artificial respiration using 'mouth to mouth' method.

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effect. Bathe the affected part freely with alkaline solution prepared by mixing one teaspoonful of baking soda i.e. sodium bi-carbonate dissolved in a glass of water.

Ensure that alkaline solution is not concentrated.

Remove acid

contaminated clothing by cutting with scissors. Send the patient to hospital for further treatment. If the patient complains of burns due to alkali, thoroughly flood the affected part with water to effectively dilute the alkali and to give cooling effect. If the alkali is in powder form, it should be brushed off from the skin before flooding the affected part with water to ensure that alkaline solution does not form. Bathe the affected part of the body with a very weak solution of acid to neutralize the alkali. Such a weak acid solution can be prepared by thoroughly mixing equal quantities of lime juice or vinegar with water. Remove alkali contaminated clothes by cutting with scissors.

Send the patient to hospital for further

treatment.

Unconsciousness If a patient is noticed to fall unconscious, immediately ensure supply of fresh air by removing harmful gases present if any or by shifting the affected person to airy space. Open the windows / doors / ventilators and keep the crowd away. Keep the breathing passage clear by removing false teeth if any, taking the tongue away from the back of the throat of the patient. If breathing has reduced or stopped, give immediate artificial account of blood, vomit,

respiration. If the breathing is noisy on

saliva etc. in the throat, keep the patient in 'three

quarter prone' position. Wrap the patient in a blanket after loosening the tight clothing. Preferably shift the patient to an airy and safe shelter on a stretcher and attend to him either till doctor arrives or till patient could be carried to hospital for further treatment. The doctor / ambulance should be called for immediately. If the patient is not unconscious, he may have symptoms like giddiness, confusion and inability to walk straight if affected by gas / fumes but not entirely overcome by it. ISSUE R2

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Heat stroke Heat stroke could affect a person due to hot, still, humid atmosphere and inadequate consumption of drinking water. It is a serious state of the patient which could result even due to excessive alcohol consumption and constipation. If affected by heat stroke, the patient is mentally excited, restless, vomits and has muscular cramps along with high fever - usually above 104 Degree F. Under

such circumstances, immediately summon doctor / ambulance. Strip

the patient naked and wrap him up completely in cold water soaked bed sheet. Put on the fan and if not available use paper fan vigorously till temperature comes down to 102 Degree F at which cooling process

should be stopped to

avoid Pneumonia. After the temperature is brought down to 102 Degree F, patient should be dried and covered using light blanket.

Water can be

administered orally to eliminate poisons. Call a doctor.

Heat exhaustion Remove the patient to cooler conditions in the fresh air. Lay the patient down and loosen his clothing particularly around the neck to bring him to a comfortable position, dash cold water on the head and neck to stimulate. Put on the fan for vigorous cooling effect. If severe shock is noticed, use stimulants.

Crush syndromes Early diagnosis is of utmost importance to prevent kidney failure. If the victim is crushed for more than an hour by heavy weight such as fallen masonry or machinery, he may show little signs of injury except redness and swelling of the injured part, bruising, blistering, numbness or tingling may also be noticed. After rescue, in a short while, injured part swells and becomes hard due to outpouring of plasma into injured tissues. Due to the loss of fluid, blood pressure drops rapidly and the patient may go in a deep shock and kidney failure can occur.

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The patient should be laid down in such a way as to keep his head lower than the legs. If the patient is in a state of consciousness, administer oral fluid immediately to make up for fluid loss. The patient should be carefully shifted to hospital at the earliest using preferably ambulance / stretcher etc. Call for doctor for proper medical aid.

Serious injury / fatal accident In case of serious injury / fatal accident, reporting of accident should be immediate

Recordable Injuries One which results in 1 or more days away from work.

Lost Workday Case (LWC) Injury that prevents an employee from reporting to work on subsequent scheduled shift. LWC Rate = No. of LWCs x 1,000,000 / Total Exposure Hours

Restricted Workday Case (RWC) Injury / illness that prevents an employee from performing his / her regularly scheduled job on subsequent scheduled shift. First Aid Case (FAC) Injury that involving one-time treatment which does not necessarily require a medical professional. Hospitalisation for observation where no medical treatment is rendered is normally considered FAC unless the employee misses whole of his / her next scheduled job shift.

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Medical Treatment Case (MTC) Injury / illness that requires treatment by a registered medical practitioner. Loss of consciousness due to injury or work exposure is always an MTC.

Total Recordable Rate = (No. of LWCs + RWCs + MTCs) x 1,000,000 / Total Exposure Hours

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APPENDIX-1 ABBREVIATIONS: SWP- Safe Working Procedure BBSS- Behavioural based safety system LWC- Lost Work-days Cases DC- Disabling Cases LTI- Lost Time Injury PPE- Personal Protective Equipment U /A, U/C- Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Conditions FIR- First Information Report SHE- Safety, Health and Environment. SI- Severity Index

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CROSS REFERENCES This document makes reference to the following Standard Documents of Construction Office. Document No. Document Title TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-001

Guideline for Erection of Transformer at Site

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-002

Guideline for Erection of Turbine Generator & Condenser

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-003

Guidelines for Erection of Rotary Equipment

TCE.M7-CV-CS-G-004

Guide for Concrete Mix Design

TCE.M7-CV-CS-G-006

Guide for Construction of RCC Chimney using Slip form Technique

TCE.M7-CV-CS-G-007

Guide for Construction of Liquid Retention Structure

TCE.M7-CV-CS-G-009

Guide for Repairs to Concrete

TCE.M7-CV-CS-G-010

Guidelines for Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-013

Guidelines for Erection of Electrostatic Precipitator

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-014

Guidelines for Application of Thermal Insulation

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-015

Guidelines for Fabrication & Erection of Steel Stack

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-016

Guidelines for Static Equipment Erection

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-017

Guidelines for Erection of Control & Relay Panel

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-018

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TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-020

Guidelines for Construction Power Supply

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-021

Guidelines for Erection of Gas Insulated Switchgear

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-022

Guidelines for Erection of Transmission Line

TCE.M7-GN-PM-G-023 Guidelines for Handing Over Procedure

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-024

Guidelines for Erection of H. V. Indoor

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-025

Guidelines for Erection of Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Ventilation

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-026

Guidelines for Erection of D. G. Set

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-027

Guidelines for Hot Tapping

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-028

Guidelines for Erection of Storage Tanks

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-029

Guidelines for Erection of Outdoor Switchyard

TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-030

Guidelines for Installation of Earthling & Lightening Protection System

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-031

Guidelines for Fabrication & Erection of Spheres

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-032

Guidelines for Erection of Horizontal Pumps

TCE.M7.ME-ER-G-034

Guidelines for Erection of Steam Generator

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-035

Guidelines for Handling, Heating and Heat Tracing of Fuel Oil System Guidelines for Erection of Fly Ash Extraction / Disposal System

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-036 TCE.M7-EL-ER-G-039

Substation

Guidelines for DC System Installation

ISSUE R2

TCE Consulting Engineers Limited TCE.M7-GN-SF-M-001

SECTION: WRITE UP

SAFETY MANUAL

SHEET 51 OF 52

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-043

Guidelines for Erection of Air Pre-Heater

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-044

Guidelines for Erection of HP Piping

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-046

Guidelines for Erection of Boiler Feed Pump & Deaerator

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-047

Guidelines for Silent Steam Blowing

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-048

Guidelines for Coating and Wrapping of Underground piping

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-051

Guidelines for Erection of Waste Water Treatment Plant

TCE.M7-ME-ER-G-052

Guidelines for Erection of Floating Low Speed Aerator

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-001

Procedure for Supervision of Concrete Structures Construction

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-002

Procedure for Supervision of Piling Work

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-003

Procedure for Supervision of Earthwork

TCE.M7-CV-ER-P-004

Procedure for Supervision of Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-005

Procedure for Supervision of Ductile Iron Pipeline Installation

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-006

Procedure for Supervision of Survey

TCE.M7-CV-CS-P-007

Procedure for Supervision of Road Work

TCE.M7-GN-QA-P-010

Responsibility Profile for Field Engineers

ISSUE R2

TCE Consulting Engineers Limited TCE.M7-GN-SF-M-001

SAFETY MANUAL

SECTION: WRITE UP

SHEET 52 OF 52

TCE.M7-ME-ER-P-012

Procedure for Site Fabricated Large Diameter Mild Steel Pipe

TCE.M7-CV-QA-P-015

Quality Control Procedure - Civil Construction TCE.M7-CV-QA-F-001 to 093 )

TCE.M7-IC-QA-P-016

Quality Control Procedure - Instrumentation & Control Construction ( TCE.M7-IC-QA-F-001 to 021 )

TCE.M7-EL-QA-P-017

Quality Control Procedure - Electrical Construction TCE.M7-EL-QA-F-001 to 018 )

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ISSUE R2