Application for Communication
S7 Communication between S7-300 and S7-400 via Profibus CPs with BSEND / BRECEIVE and several Adressing Parameters (R_ID)
Table of Contents
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1
Task ...................................................... .......................... ......................................................... ....................................................... .......................... 3
2
Setting up the Automation Solution ........................................................ ............................ .............................. 4
2.1
Required Components Components ........................................................ ............................ ..................................................... ......................... 5
3
Function Mechanisms and Program Structures ..................................... .......................... ........... 7
3.1
The S7 protocol specifications ....................................................... ........................... .......................................... .............. 7
3.2
Configuration of a S7 connection......................... connection .................................................... ........................................ ............. 8
3.3
User Interface (block oriented service) ..................................................... ........................ ................................ ... 9
3.4
Logical core structures – An example ...................................................... ........................... ............................. .. 14
3.5
Program structures............................... structures........................................................... ...................................................... .......................... 16
3.6
Program procedure of sender ........................................................ ............................ ........................................ ............ 18
3.7
Program procedure of the receiver ......................................................... ............................. ............................... ... 21
4
Installation of Hardware and Software................................... Software..... .............................................. ................ 23
4.1
Hardware configuration............................. configuration ......................................................... ................................................. ..................... 23
4.2
Installation of the software ..................................................... ........................ ................................................. .................... 23
4.3
Operator control and monitoring ..................................................... ......................... ....................................... ........... 24
Continuative Literature ......................................................... ............................ ........................................................... ..................................... ....... 32
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1
Task
Technological task/ overview The following example illustrates simple coupling of two S7 controllers using the S7 protocol. The task is to transmit smallest to largest data loads via Profibus CPs from Station 1 to Station 2 as simple as possible.
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Figure 1-1
Solution Requirements The solution must fulfill the following points: ▪
▪
▪
Only one S7 connection is used 4 different data packages are to be transferred at 4 different areas in the target CPU. The transfer must be performed in sequences, i.e. all components of a sequence must have been transmitted before a new package is transmitted.
Quantity framework of the sample application: Table 1-1
Data quantity
1. Area
2. Area
3. Area
4. Area
100 bytes
700 bytes
2500 bytes
4700 bytes
The selected data quantities are user-defined and can be changed in the sending and receiving application. For data transfer, the functions BSEND and BRECEIVE are used for coordinated data transfer via a configured connection. connection.
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2
Setting up the Automation Solution
Display of involved components The following figure shows the hardware setup of the sample application and the standard and user software components involved. involved.
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Fig. 2-1
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2.1
Required Components
Hardware components The following hardware components are required for using the application. Table 2-1
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Used S7-400 components
Component
MLFB / Order number
Note
Rack S7 400 UR2
6ES7400-1JA01-0AA0 6ES7400-1JA01-0A A0
Any UR or CR may be used here.
PS 407 10A
6ES7407-0KA01-0AA0 6ES7407-0KA01-0AA 0
Any PS with sufficient suffici ent power specifications can be used here.
CPU 416-2 DP
6ES7416-2XK02-0AB0
FW V 1.2, or similar CPU
CP 443-5 Basic
6GK7443-5FX01-0XE0
Any Profibus CR of the S7 400 series may be used here.
Table 2-2: Used S7-300 components
Component
MLFB / Order number
Note
PS 307 2A
6ES7307-1BA00-0AA0 6ES7307-1BA00-0AA 0
Any PS with sufficient power specifications can be used here.
CPU 315-2 DP c
6ES7315-2AG10-0AB0
FW V 2.0, or similar CPU
CP 342-5
6GK7342-5DA02-0XE0
Only the CP 342-5 (here FW V 5.0) can be used here.
Component
MLFB / Order number
Note
Power PG
6ES7750-2CA52-4FB4
See PG configurator in A&D Mall
Table 2-3: Used PG components
On Board CP 5611
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Part of PG hardware.
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Software components The following software components are required to use the application. application. Table 2-4: Software components used
Component
MLFB / Order number
Step 7 V 5.2
6ES7810-4CC06-0YX0
NCM S7 Profibus
N/A
Note Part of Step 7 SW.
Example project The example application consists of the following components Table 2-5: Used application components
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Component
Note
20987358_BSEND_PB_CODE_v10.zip
This packed file contains the hardware configuration configuration for both stations, the connection configuration configuration as well as the application programs in STL source code (except the system functions and function blocks for BSEND and BRECEIVE) .
20987358_BSEND_PB_DOKU_v10_d/e.pdf 20987358_BSEND_PB_DOKU_v10_d /e.pdf
This documentation
Further information on commissioning hardware and software is available i n chapter 4 “Installation of Hardware and Software“. Software“.
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3
Function Mechanisms and Program Structures This chapter briefly explains the functionalities based on the S7 protocol and their possible usage in an application. Furthermore, it gives a detailed description of the BSEND and BRECEIVE services used in this example application and discusses system specific properties in detail.
3.1
The S7 protocol specifications
Physical independence of the S7 protocol The S7 is a physically independent protocol, i.e. it is not bound to a network such as Profibus or Industrial Ethernet. It enables connections between two partners via the following physical networks:
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▪
MPI
▪
Industrial Ethernet
▪
PROFIBUS
Position of the S7 protocol in the ISO / OSI reference model
Fig. 3-1
The protocol itself is located in the ISO / OSI 7 layer reference model for communication on level 7, as the used interface of the system is merely based on application data. Services for managing the connections or for converting the data are not necessary, as these are provided by functions of the operating system.
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Characteristic performance performance data of S7 protocol services From a user point of view, the S7 protocol consists of the following services: •
BSEND / BRCV
•
USEND / URCV
•
PUT / GET
The following table contains an overview of the respective performance performance data for the S7 families. The colored service is the topic of this Getting Startet and is discussed in greater detail below. Table 3-1: Characteristics of the S7 protocol
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Services/ Features
BSEND / BRCV
Max. data length S7-300 / S7-400
32 KB / 64 KB
Possible address areas S7-300 / S7-400
M, D / M, T, Z, E, A, D
M, D / M, T, Z, E, M, D / M, T, Z, E, A, D A, D
Data consistency S7-300/-400
8 – 32 bytes / 32 bytes to total (3 length
8 – 32 bytes / 32 bytes to total (3 length
8 – 32 bytes / 32 bytes to total (3 length
Communications service
Client / Client
Client / Client
Client / Server
Max. number of connections
See CPU specification
See CPU specifi- See CPU specification cation
Block types
SFB / FB 12 “BSEND“
SFB / FB 8 “USEND“
SFB / FB 15 ”PUT“
SFB / FB 13 “BRCV“
SFB / FB 9 “URCV“
SFB / FB 14 ”GET“
(2
USEND / URCV
PUT / GET
440 bytes / 440 (1 bytes
164 bytes / 400 (1 bytes
(1 Corresponds Corresponds to the total amount of user data for the SFB / FB in case of Industrial Ethernet. (2 corresponds to the maximum length of a data block of the respective system. (3 Depending on the used CPU.
3.2
Configuration of a S7 connection The S7 protocol is based on fixed configured connections stored within the automation device. One as well as several connections to one connection partner can be configured. The following connection configurations configurations are possible and can be used by the following services:
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Overview Table 3-2: Possible connection configurations and services. Service
Configuration
PUT / GET (Read / Write)
Unilaterally configured connection
USEND / URECEIVE
Bilaterally Bilaterall y configured connection
BSEND / BRECEIVE
Bilaterally configured connection
For illustrating the structure within the automation devices a brief overview of both configuration types: Unilaterally configured connection Unilaterally configured connection connection refers to t o a connection exclusively exclusively only on the active site within the configuration. Based on this principle, a fixed connection resource for the communication is only assigned on the “active” side . The “passive“ side reacts to the request by the active partner and thus requires a resource only if that partner establishes a connection. d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
A one-sidedly configured configured connection can can be exclusively used for Write – Read services. Those have been realized in the S7 controller as “PUT“ and “GET“. Bilaterally configured connection Configurations Configurations with a fixed connection between both partners are considered bilaterally configured connections. This also depends on whether both partners exist in the same Step 7 project. The connection configuration causes both partners to reserve a fixed connection resource for this communication, irrespective of whether the communication partner is physically approachable or not. For bilaterally configured connections two different services are available, one uncoordinated (USEND / URECEIVE) and a block orientated (BSEND / BRECEIVE) send/ receive service.
3.3
User Interface (block oriented service)
Overview User interfaces of the S7 protocols can be divided into 3 groups: •
Read and write services
Read and write services have been realized within the S7 protocols as “PUT“ and “GET“. They enable data to be read from or written to a controller in a simple manner. •
Uncoordinated send and receive services
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Uncoordinated Uncoordinated send or received services are capable of exchanging a block asynchronous and bi-directionally between two controllers using a bilaterally configured connection. •
Block oriented send and receive services
In the following chapters the block oriented send and receive services are viewed individually. individually.
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Call parameter “BSEND“ SFB / FB 12
Fig. 3-8 Table 3-11: Parameter of the SFB / FB 12
Parameters
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Description
REQ
Control parameter REQ for activating data exchange at positive edge.
ID
Address parameter ID from the connection configuration
R
Control parameter Reset, activates canceling of a still running data exchange at positive edge.
R_ID
Address parameter R_ID is responsible for sub-addressing sub-addressing within an S7 connection. A send/ receive pair is defined exclusively via ID and R_ID.
DONE
Status parameter DONE, informs of the successful completion of the function via a positive edge.
ERROR
Together with the parameter STATUS, the status parameter ERROR indicates an occurred error.
STATUS
The status parameter STATUS indicates the detailed information of the current status of the block. A value not equal 0h and 19h without simultaneous ERROR display must be interpreted as warning.
SD_1
Pointer to the source area within the local CPU
LEN
Length of the data block to be sent
Note The block BSEND of the S7 300 is available in the SIMATIC-Net-CP library as FB 12, within the S7300 program container. As opposed to the S7 400 SFBs the FBs of the S7-300 can also be provided dynamically with parameters.
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Description for “BSEND“ The SFB / FB 12 sends data to a distant partner – SFB / FB of the “BRCV“ type. During this data transfer, a larger amount of data can be transported between the communication partners than possible with all other communication SFBs / FBs for configured S7 connections. connections. The transferred data areas are divided into sections corresponding corresponding to the t he frame conditions of the used subnetwork. Each segment is sent to the partner individually and acknowledged acknowledged by the function block SFB / FB “BRCV“ which runs there. As a limiting factor, only one SD parameter is possible in the S7 300. Note Please note that parameters SD_1 and RD_1 of the blocks interconnected via ID and R_ID have been concordantly defined by you in
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•
length (LEN) and
•
data type
Call parameter for “BRCV“ SFB / FB 13
Fig. 3-9 Table 3-12: Parameter of the SFB / FB 13
Parameters
Description
EN_R
Control parameter EN_R signals readiness for receiving if the input has been set.
ID
Address parameter ID from the connection configuration
R_ID
Address parameter R_ID is responsible for sub-addressing sub-addressing within an S7 connection. A send/ receive pair is defined exclusively via ID and R_ID.
NDR
Status parameter NDR, informs of the successful completion of the function via a positive edge.
ERROR
Together with the parameter STATUS, the status parameter ERROR indicates an occurred error.
STATUS
The status parameter STATUS indicates the detailed information of the current status of the block. A value not equal
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0h and 19h without simultaneous ERROR display must be interpreted as warning. RD_1 LEN
Pointer to the target area within the local CPU Length of received data
Note The block BRCV of the S7 300 is available in the SIMATIC-Net-CP library as FB 13, within the S7300 program container. As opposed to the S7 400 SFBs the FBs of the S7-300 can also be provided dynamically with parameters.
Description for “BRCV“ The SFB / FB 13 “BRCV“ receives data from a distant partner – SFB / FB of the “BSEND“ type. d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
Each received data segment is responded with acknowledgement to a partner - SFB / FB and the parameter LEN is updated. The block only becomes ready for receiving after calling the control paramter EN_R with a value of 1 (TRUE). Setting the parameter to 0 (FALSE) cancels the currently running job or prevents a new send request from the sender by means of a respective error message, partner SFB / FB has the wrong status. As a limiting factor, only one RD parameter is possible in the S7 300. Note Please note that parameters SD_1 and RD_1 of the blocks interconnected via ID and R_ID have been concordantly defined by you in •
length (LEN) and
•
data type
Consistency consideration for block-oriented send/ receive functions Data are consistent as soon as they meet the consistency requirements given for a data base. The consistency requirement in case of the data transfer is completeness. completeness. Data which were transferred completely, can be considered as consistent. In case of the block oriented send/receive functions, functions are used on both sides, therefore the sending and receiving sides have to be considered separately.
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Table 3-1
Page
Consistency
Send side
In order to guarantee the data consistency of the data to be transferred, the data area in the SD_1 send area must not be written to for as long as the current send procedure is running. The completion of the current send procedure is indicated by the status parameter DONE == TRUE.
Receiving side
The transferred data are consistently provided in the target area as soon as the status parameter NDR takes on the value TRUE. Prior to the next start of the receive block, data need to be saved or the received data be evaluated. As soon as the t he receive block is started with an EN_R == TRUE, the target area can again, at least partially, be written to.
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3.4
Logical core structures – An example
Introduction This example illustrates in a simple manner how, via one S7 connection, data from four different source areas of an automation device can be transferred exclusively to several target areas of a remote automation device, using the address parameter R_ID. The following graphic illustrates the processes realized in this example.
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Data flow model
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Fig. 3-10
Significance of address parameter R_ID For referencing data paths within a bilaterally configured configured connection the parameter R_ID is available in addition to the services USEND /URECEIVE and BSEND / BRECEIVE. This parameter is used for sub-addressing sub-addressing receive paths within a connection and can thus be compared with a TSAP of the FDL – or ISO transport protocol. Such a sub-addressing is meant to prevent using a different connection, hence resource, for each transferred data set. This principle can be visualized as a letter box. An S7 connection corresponds to street name and house number, the R_ID corresponds to the name on the letter box. This example application uses this functionality. Description of the processes In the application, BSEND blocks are successively called on the send side which transfer between 100 and 4700 bytes via an S7 connection using different R_IDs. The initial send call is set by a trigger in the form of an input edge. Each further send request is started by the status parameter DONE of the previous BSEND block.
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After running through all 4 BSEND calls, the sending is terminated. On the receiving side, 4 BRCV blocks run successively which directly refer to the BSEND blocks running on the sending side.
3.5
Program structures In the following chapter the setup and structure of the example is discussed on the function and datablock level of the automation system.
Presentation of block structure
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Fig. 3-11
Description of block structure For a quick illustration of principal functionalities, functionalities, a simple structure is used in this example. All of the 4 send and receive blocks are directly called from the OB 1 and therefore run cyclically. For each FB / SFB definitely assigned instance data blocks are generated. In the sending station, the data are taken from a “large“ data block and stored into 4 different data blocks of the target station by the t he receive blocks.
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On the sending side, each individual send block in OB1 must be started successively in a step chain, as active parallel operation on one connection is not possible. On the receive side, the receive blocks run parallel, as this has no impact on the protocol behavior and represents the most simple method of supplying target areas. Note The receive blocks cannot, from the start of the CPU on, run on TRUE by means of an EN_R, as they must first be initialized. This requires a run with EN_R equal FALSE.
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3.6
Program procedure of sender
Program procedure Table 3-14: Program procedure sending part 1
Flowchart
Description Using an edge evaluation, input 1.0 triggers processing of the BSEND chain by triggering the first BSEND block.
Processing of the four individual BSEND functions always follows the same pattern and is illustrated in table 3-2. d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
th
After the 4 BSEND request is completed, the step chain is terminated.
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Table 3-15: Program procedure Send part 2
Flowchart
Description Each of the four BSEND blocks has the following structure, illustrated at the example of the BSEND number 1: If the function is started or a send request still exists, the BSEND block is performed with REQ equal TRUE, whereby all other BSENDs are processed with REQ equal FALSE. Each one of the four BSEND requests has its own instance data block which was configured for this call only. If there is no send request, the BSEND block with REQ equal FALSE is called which is equal to it not being processed.
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If successfully sent, the local REQ of the send request is reset and the send request of the next block is started. In case of a failure, the status information is temporarily stored and the step chain interrupted.
Note A positive edge is sufficient for triggering a send request.
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Code excerpt from the first BSEND call The next chapter illustrates the procedure generated in STL code using the call of the first BSEND block.
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Fig. 3-12
Describing the BSEND call Each individual BSEND call is divided into two networks, the first network prepares the user data length for the function call. The second network performs the function call and checks the returned values. The first network defines the length of the data to be transferred in a data section, in this case “Send1_Length“. This is necessary as the parameter LEN of the BSEND block is an input/ output parameter and must therefore be describable, which is not possible with a default value. In the second network, the t he BSEND function is called. The control parameter are default, except for the REQ control parameter. The output parameters are supplied with variables which are evaluated after executing the block. The input/ output parameters are supplied according to the planned length to be transferred. After successful execution of the function, which is indicated by the output parameter DONE, the local REQ control parameter is reset and the REQ control parameter of the next block is set. In case of a failure, indicated by the parameter ERROR, the status pending at that moment is temporarily saved in a memory word.
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3.7
Program procedure of the receiver
Program procedure Table 3-16: Program sequence receiving
Flowchart
Description All BRECEIVE function calls are cyclically called in the OB 1 program, in order to guarantee a maximal possible variability. Each receive block must also have its own instance data block assigned to it.
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The control parameter EN_R, which is switched parallel for all receive blocks, is only switched to TRUE after the first OB1 cycle in order to guarantee the block being initialized.
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Code excerpt BRECEIVE calls The following code excerpt contains all BRECEIVE calls and shows the simple interconnection for the receive functions.
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Fig. 3-13
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4
Installation of Hardware and Software
4.1
Hardware configuration The components of both controllers are available in chapter 2 “Setting up the Automation Solution”. Solution”.
Table: 4-1 Hardware configuration
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Step
Focus
Instruction
1
S7 Hardware
Mount the S7 400 into the prepared rack according to the installation guidelines.
2
S7 Hardware
Mount the S7 300 to the rack rail according to the installation guidelines.
3
Bus cabling
Install a prepared Profibus cable between the Profibus interfaces of the CP 342-5 and the CP 443-5. Screw the connector into the respective sockets.
4
Bus cabling
Connect the MPI interfaces of both automating systems and the programming interface of the PG via a prepared Profibus cable.
5
Bus cabling
Ensure that the cabling end points of both bus systems are terminated at both ends of the bus system using the matching resistors in the connectors.
4.2
Installation of the software
STEP7 We will not go into the installation of STEP7 here. The installation takes place in the familiar Windows environment and is self-explanatory. Installation of the STEP7 project Proceed as follows: Table 4-2
Step No.
Instruction
1
Open the Step 7 manager.
2
Extract the project via the menu File -> Retreive...
Note / Explanation Search for the project 20987358_BSEND_PB_CODE _v10.zip using the browser
function and acknowledge with OK.
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Step No.
Instruction
3
Select a directory into which the project files are to After extracting you are be extracted. asked whether you wish to open the project with Step 7, acknowledge this query with Yes. Yes.
4
After opening the project you open the project tree The project tree is located of the project. on the left side of the SIMATIC Manager and in the top line it displays the name of the project, in this case S7Komm_PB_easy.
5
First select the S7-400 station in from the menu select the
6
icon for loading the station
Now select the S7 300 station in from the menu also select the
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4.3
Note / Explanation
icon for loading the station
This function is also available via Ctrl + L or the menu “Target system“ -> “Load“ This function is also available via Ctrl + L or the menu “Target system“ -> “Load“
Operator control and monitoring
Introduction A variable table is available for operating the example application. This enables depicting the statuses of the individual function calls. Activating the variable table For displaying the variable table perform the following steps. Table 4-3
No.
Description
1
Open the Step 7 project.
2
Within the project tree of the “SIMATIC 400“ select the object VAT_1, which is located on the right side of the SIMATIC Manager window, via CPU 416-2 DP -> S7-Program(1) -> Block.
3
As illustrated in figure 4-1, double-clicking VAT_1 opens the prepared variable table.
4 Pressing the
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Variable table in the sender Figure 4-1: Screenshot of variable table VAT_1
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Control of data transfer You can start the data transfer process from sender to receiver according to the steps listed below. Table 4-4 Control in the variable table
No.
Instruction
Note
1
Please activate the user variable table:
See table 4-3
2
Alternatively the item Pressing the button, see red marking in step 1 of table Control or the Ctrl + 4-5, sets the input “Startinput“ to TRUE by means of the vari- F9 keys can be used via the Variables able table, and thus the send process is started. menu.
3
The individual packages are now successively transferred, which can be seen at the status value of the REQ Boolean and the value 19h of the respectively active status.
Each BSEND block is displayed in the variable table with the following values: d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
•
SendX_REQ
•
DoneX_SendreqY
•
ErrorX
•
StatusX
•
History SendX
Note In case of an error, the status information is stored in the History memory of the respective call as soon as the error occurs.
Sequence of a program run: The following screenshot scenario shows the sequence of a complete transmission.
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Table 4-5 Sequence fo the transmission
Step 1
After opening the variable table and operating the „Monitor variables“ function, the following screen appears:
d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
Pressing the “Modify variables“ button, see red circle, starts the send procedure. procedure.
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Step 2
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The first BSEND block is active.
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Step 3
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After successful run of the first BSEND block, the second BSEND block is activated.
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Step 4
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After successful run of the second s econd BSEND block, the third BSEND block is activated.
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Step 5
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After successful run of the third BSEND block, the fourth BSEND block is activated. th After terminating the 4 BSEND block, the step chain is terminated. The send procedure must be restarted with step 1 of this table.
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Continuative Literature •
•
Manual: “Kommunikation “Kommunikation mit SIMATIC “ (In product support under ID entry: 1254686 1254686)). Manual: “Systemsoftware für S7-300/400 System- und Standardfunktionen“ (In product support under ID entry: 1214574 1214574)).
d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
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Warranty, Liability and Support
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d e v r e s e e _ r s 0 1 t h v g _ i r U l l K A O 5 D _ 0 B 0 2 P _ G D A N s E n S e B m _ e 8 i S 5 3 7 © t 8 h 9 g 0 i r 2 y p o C
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