S3, Estudio de Mercado, La Demanda

 

NSZ^E CGKJEZKNLEH \ C]KGSKNLEH DC RZE\CNTE^ ^C^LEH >

A^n. Nkrges K`ulgkr nk`ulgkrzBalua`.cdu

 

CG C^TSDLE DC ACZNKDE Cstudle quc sc fknc pkrk nehencr cg acrnkde ch cg nukg sc prctchdc pkrtlnlpkr y cstkjgcncr sl cxlstc dcakhdk pkrk cg predunte e scrvlnle k preaevcr.

 

Cstudle dc Acrnkde Dcmlhlnlehcs Jëslnks? Acrnkde?? `rupe dc pcr Acrnkde pcrse seh hks neh pedcr kdqulsltlve y dcsce dc rckglzkr

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lhtcrnkajles Acrrnk Ac nkde de pe pettch chnl nlkg kg?? gágáal altc tc sup supcr crle lerr dc gk dcakhdk ch uh pcráede dctcralhkde Acrnkde rcg cgc cvkhtc? ne nehsu hsual alder dercs cs dc lhtcrìs Rrencse dc neaprk? µqulìh, neae, nuëhde, dþhdc per quì5

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^c`ach ^c`a chte tess dc ac acrrnk nkde de?? `rupes neh nukgldkdcs feae`ìhcks. Nkhkgcs dc dlstrljunlþh? lhst lh stlt ltun unleh lehcs cs lh lhtc tcrd rdcp cpchd chdlc lcht htcs cs y k`chnlks lhvegunrkdks ch gk tkrck dc aevcr cg jlch dcg predunter kg nehsualder. Rreaenlþh?? Rreaenlþh kntlvldkdcs pkrk dcskrreggkr vchtks. Nlnge dc vldk? lh lhttredunnlþh, þh, nrcn nr cnla lalc lcht hte e rëp ëpld lde e, nrcn nrcnla lalc lcht hte e gchte, akdurcz y dcnglhknlþh.

 

Cstudle dc Acrnkde LHMEZA KNLÞH LÞH RZL RZLAKZ AKZLK LK?? LHMEZAKN

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Cs gk lhmeraknlþh quc rcneplgk dlrcnt dlr cntkach kachtc tc dc ges neh nehsua sualder ldercs, cs, preduntercs, predunter cs, ctn.   Stlglzk fcrrkalchtks neae gk chnu ch nucs csttk, gk ch chtr trcv cvls lstk tkss e `rup `rupes es men enkg kgcs cs,, ej ejsc scrv rvkn knlþ lþh, h, dl dlk` k`hþ hþsstln tlne rurkg pkrtlnlpktlve, ctn.  Rer gk scr? hkturkgczk dc gk lhmeraknlþh pucdc •

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  Nukhtltktlvk   Nukgltktlvk

 

Cocapges dc Lhmeraknlþh Rrlakrlk

Nukhtltktlvk

Rrucjk dc nehncpte Cvkguknlþh þh dc predunte Cvkguknl Sses y kntltudcs Rcrmlg dcg nehsualder

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Cvkguknlþh pujglnltkrlk Cvkguknlþh Rrucjk dc capkquc Nfcquce dc dlstrljunlþh 

Lak`ch lhstltunlehkg

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Nukgltktlvk

@rupes dc chmequc  Chtrcvlstks premuhdks

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Cstudle dc Acrnkde Lhm Lhmerak eraknlþ nlþh h scn scnuhdk uhdkrlk rlk?? Cs gk quc kg`ulch fk rcneplgkde khtcs. ^c rcneplgk ch muchtcs dc lhmeraknlþh. •

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  Zcp Zcprrcs csch chttk ge gess pk pkse sess lh lhln lnlk lkgc gcss dc lhvcstl`knlþh.   Fknc ìhmksls ch muchtcs dc lhvcstl`knlþh lhvcstl` knlþh dlspehljgcs   ^c dc rcnurrlr dcjc cxpget cxpgetkr k muchtcs kr su prlakrlks cxl cxlstc stchnlk hnlk khtc khtcss   Zcpr Zcprcs csch chtk tk cn cneh ehea eaák ák dc ne nest stes es y tlcape   Dcsvchtkok? Dcsvchtkok? he sc kdcnuk k gks hcncsldkdcs rcqucrldk premuhdldkd cspcnámlnks

y

 

Tlpes dc dktes ^cnuhdkrles Lhtc Lh tcrh rhes es??

Cxtcrhes

Denu Denuac acht htes es lhtc lhtcrh rhes es cxlst xlstcht chtcs. La Lapgl pglnk nk cg cstkjgcnlalchte cstkjgcnlalch te dc uh aìtede pkrk ejtchcr gk lhmeraknlþh dcsckdk.  

;.  Dktes dc nchse

Rreycntes cntes lhdlvldukgcs :.   Rrey >.  Dktes cxlstchtcs pkrk gk vchtk 4.  Dktes dlvcrses

 

KG@SHK^ MSCHTC^ DC LHMEZAKNLÞH LHMEZAKNLÞH ^CNSHDKZLK? ^CNSHDKZLK? •

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  Dktes dc pejgknlþh, lh`rcses y etrks nkrkntcrástlnks? Lhstltute Hknlehkg dc Cstkdástlnk   „LHC-, www.lhc.`ej.`t, Chnucstk Hknlehkg dc Nehdlnlehcs dc ]ldk Cstkdástlnk  „  „CHNE]L-, CHNE]L-, Chnucstk Hknlehkg dc Capgce c Lh`rcses   „CHCL-, Nkrkntcrlzknlþh cstkdá cst kdástl stlnk nk Zcpÿjg Zcpÿjglnk lnk dc @uk @uktca tcakgk kgk :2; :2;:, :, Nkrknt Nkrkntcrl crlzk zknlþ nlþh h Dcpkrt Dcpkrtkach kachtkg tkg www.lhc.`ej.`t .lhc.`ej.`t :2;:. www :2;:.   Dktes dc lapertknlehcs? www.jkh`ukt.`ej.`t lapertknlehcs? www.jkh`ukt.`ej.`t  Etres dktes? www.uhdp.er` dktes? www.uhdp.er` lhmeracs  lhmeracs dc dcskrregge fuakhe   Dktes dc nehs ehstrun unnnlþh? Në Nëa akrk @uktcakgtcnk dc gk Nehstrunnlþh, þh, auhlnlpkgldkdcs. www.nehstru`uktc.nea auhlnlpkgldkdcs.  www.nehstru`uktc.nea  Dktes dc predunnlþh k`ránegk? Alhlstcrle dc K`rlnugturk K`rlnugturk www.ak`k.`ej.`t  www.ak`k.`ej.`t  Dktes dc turlsae?  turlsae? www www.lh`ukt.`ej.`t .lh`ukt.`ej.`t

 

NEH^LDCZKNLEHC^ RKZK C^TZSNTSZK DCG C^TSDLE DC ACZNKDE?

Lhstrunnlehcs cgcachtkgcs pkrk prcschtkr uh cstudle dc acrnkde Shk vcz quc sc fkh nehenlde ges nehncptes dc uh cstudle dc acrnkde, ge quc presl`uc cs su rckglzknlþh, qulch dcnldk fkncrge dcjcrë sc`ulr ges sl`ulchtcs pkses? •

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  Dcml Dcmlhlnl hlnlþh þh dcg kgnk kgnkhnc hnc dc gk lhvcstl`knl lhvcstl`knlþh þh? Cstk pkrtc lapglnk quc sc tch`k uh nehenlalchte neapgcte dc ges prejgcaks k rcsegvcr. Dcjc teakrsc ch nuchtk quc slcaprc cxlstc aës dc uhk kgtcrh kgt crhktl ktlvk vk dc seg segunl unlþh þh y nkd nkdk k kgt kgtcrh crhktl ktlvk vk pre predun dunc c uhk ne nehsc hscnuc nuchnl hnlk k csp cspcná cnámln mlnk, k, pe perr ge quc cg lhvcstl`kder dcjc dcnldlr cg nurse dc knnlþh y acdlr sus pesljgcs nehscnuchnlks. nehscnuchnlks.  Hcncsldkdcs y muchtcs dc lhmeraknlþh? Neae yk achnlehkaes khtcs, cxlstch des tlpes dc muchtcs dc lhmeraknlþh lhmeraknlþh??  gks muchtcs prlakrlks  (chnucstks) y gks muchtcs scnuhdkrlks  (rcvlstks, pë`lhks wcj, cstkdástlnks dc gk caprcsk e dc muchtcs `ujcrhkachtkgcs). Cg lhvcstl`kder dcjc skjcr neh cxkntltud µnuëg cs gk lhmeraknlþh cxlstchtc neh cg mlh dc pedcr dcnldlr gk jksc dc lhvcstl`knlþh aës kdcnukdk5.

 Dlscûe dc rcneplgknlþh y trktkalchte cstkdástlne dc ges dktes? ^l sc ejtlchc lhmeraknlþh per acdle acdl e dc ch chnu nucs cstk tks, s, fk fkjr jrë ë qu quc c dl dlsc scûk ûkrg rgks ks dc kn knuc ucrd rde e ne neh h cg pr pren encd cdla lalc lcht hte e pk pkrk rk ej ejtc tchc hcrr lhmeraknlþh dc muchtcs scnuhdkrlks.

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 Rrencskalchte y khëglsls dc ges dktes? Shk vcz quc sc nuchtk neh tedk gk lhmeraknlþh hcncskrlk prevchlchtc dc nukgqulcr tlpe dc muchtc, sc prencdc k su kdcnukde prencskalchte y khëglsls.

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 Lhmerac? Shk vcz v cz prencskdk gk lhmeraknlþh kdcnukdkachtc, kdcnukdkachtc, sþge mkgtkrë quc cg lhvcstl`kder rlhdk su lhmerac, cg nukg dcjcrë scr vcrkz, epertuhe y he tchdchnlese tchdchnlese..

 

NEAE RZCRKZKZ CG C^TSDLE DC ACZNKDE ;.Dcmlhlnlþh dcg predunte :.Khëglsls dc gk dcakhdk •

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 :.; Dlstrljunlþh `ce`rëmlnk dcg acrnkde dc nehsuae  :.: Neapertka Neapertkalchte lchte flstþrlne dc gk dcakhdk  :.> Rreycn Rreycnnlþh nlþh dc gk dcakhdk  :.4 Tkjugknlþh dc dktes dc muchtcs prlakrlks

 

RZCRKZKZ CG C^TSDLE DC NEAE RZCRKZKZ DC ACZNKDE >.  KHËGL^L^ DC GK EMCZTK >.; >. ; Nkrkn Nkrkntc tcrá rást stln lnks ks dc ge gess pr prlh lhnl nlpk pkgc gcss pr pred edun unte terc rcss e pr prcs cstk tkde derc rcss dc dcgg scrvlnle >.: Rreyc Rreycnnlþh nnlþh dc gk gk emcrtk emcrtk ;. Lapertknlehcs Lapertknlehcs dcg predunte e scrvlnle :. Khëglsls dc prcnles >.> Dctcralhknlþh dcg neste preacdle >.4 Khëglsls flstþrlne flstþrlne y preycnnlþh dc prcnles prcnles >.3 Nkhkgcs dc neacrnlkglzknlþh y dlstrljunlþh dlstrljunlþh dcg predunte ;. Dcsnrlpnlþh dc ges nkhkgcs dc dlstrljunlþh

 

NEAE RZC^CHTKZ CG C^TSDLE DC ACZNKDE acrnkde? Cstrunturk jëslnk pkrk prcschtkr uh cstudle dc acrnkde? k)Dcsnrlpnlþh k) Dcsnrlpnlþh dcg predunte y/e scrvlnle j)Cstudle j) Cstudle dc gk emcrtk n) n)Cstudle Cstudle dc gk dcakhdk d)Dlscûe d) Dlscûe dc chnucstks c)Nkhkgcs c) Nkhkgcs dc neacrnlkglzknlþh m) m)Khëglsls Khëglsls dc prcnles `)Rrehþstlnes `) Rrehþstlnes dc emcrtk y dcakhdk dcakhdk (  (Rreycnnlehcs Rreycnnlehcs)) f)Nehnguslehcs f) Nehnguslehcs dcg cstudle dc acrnkde l) Dlscûe y kpglnknlþh dc chnucstks (kntlvldkd rckglzkdk durkht durkhtcc gk rcneplgknlþh) rcneplgknlþh)

 

LH]C^TL@KNLEH DC ACZNKDE^

Asn. Nkrges K`ulgkr

   

NEHTCHLDE ;. LH LHTZ TZED EDSN SNNL NLÞH ÞH :. AK AKZN ZNE E NEHNC NEHNCRT RTS SKG l.

Dcmlhlnlþh Dcmlhl nlþh dc Lhvcst Lhvcstl`kn l`knlþh lþh dc Acrnk Acrnkdes des

ll. Dlscûes Dlscûes dc Lhvcst Lhvcstl`kn l`knlþh lþh dc Acrn Acrnkdes kdes lll. Dlmcrchnlks Chtrc Lhvcstl`knlþh Lhvcstl`knlþh Cxpgerkterlk Cxpgerkterlk y Nehnguychtc lv. Neapkrknlþh chtrc Lhvcstl`knlþh Lhvcstl`knlþh Nukhtltktlvk Nukhtltktlvk y Nukgltktlvk v. Lhvcs Lhvcstl`k tl`knlþh nlþh Dcsnrl Dcsnrlptlvk ptlvk vl. Lhvcs Lhvcstl`k tl`knlþh nlþh Nkuskg vll. Aedcges dc Lhvcstl`knlþh Cxpgerkterlk vlll.Gk Lhvcstl`knlþh Nukgltktlvk lx. Kpglnknlþh dc ges cstudles nukgltktlves nukgltktlves x. Gks tìnhln tìnhlnks ks prey preycntlv cntlvks ks xl. Lhvcstl`knlþh Hcurenlchtámlnk xll. Rrencse dc gk Lhvcstl`knlþh dc Acrnkdes

NEHTCHLDE

CHTZC]L C]L^T ^TK K NEACZ NEACZNLK NLKGG 22>. GK CHTZ l. ll. lll. lv. v.

Stlgldkd Stlgldk d dc gk cht chtrcv rcvlst lstkk Rgkhlm Rgk hlmlnk lnknlþ nlþh h Cocnunlþh Cocnun lþh dc gk chtrc chtrcvlstk vlstk Khëg Kh ëgls lsls ls Zcp cper erttc

4. COCARGE^ DC @SÁK^ DC NEH]CZ^KNLÞH

Y:Q

quìì fk fknc ncrr fk fkjl jltu tukg kg dc dcgg fe feaj ajrrc dc hc hc`e `enl nles es,, gk Ch cg qu chtrcvlstk chtr cvlstk neacrnlkg neacrnlkg cs uhk fcrrkalchtk fcrrkalchtk dc `rkh utlgldkd. Cg dcskr dc skrre regge gge dc gks akr akrnks nks nea neacr crnlk nlkgcs gcs y dc ges hc hc`en `enles les

 

rcqulcrc dc uh slstcak quc prevck dc lhmeraknlþh y dc schsljlgldkd pkrk nkptkr ch merak lhacdlktk ges nkajles quc sc dkh ch cg acrnkde.

LHTZEDSNNLÞH

Ch cs cstc tc sc scht htld lde e cs su suak akac acht htcc la lape pert rtkh khtc tc ak akht htch chcr cr nkhkgcs dc neauhlnknlþh kjlcrtes neh tedes ges k`chtcs y mkntercs dcg prencse neacrnlkg. Cg pr prcs csch chtc tc de denu nuac acht hte e tl tlch chcc ne neae ae pr prlh lhnl nlpk pkgg ej ejoc octl tlve ve kyudkr kgs feajrc dc kglzsknkr akyer prevcnfe k ted edks ks gk gks chtr ch trcv cvls lstk tksshc`enles qucc rck qu ckgl zk ne neh h ted edks ks kquc kq ucggggks ks pcrsehks quc dc uhk u etrk akhcrk tlchch quc vcr neh cg nrcnlalchte dc su hc`enle. Fkjgkaes dc chtrcvlstks neh `crchtcs, neh vchdcdercs, neh neaprkdercs, neh pcrsehkg dc acrnfkhdlslh`, ctn.

Y4Q

Gk Kacrlnkh Akrictlh` Kssenlkteh  dcmlhc

 

gk Lhvcstl`knlþh dc acrnkdes neae gk

DCMLHLNLÞH

muhnlþh quc vlhnugk kg nehsualder, kg nglchtc y kg pÿjglne neh cg neacrnlkhtc, k trkvìs dc gk lhmeraknlþh, gk nukg sc utlglzk pkrk ldch ld chtl tlml mlnk nkrr y dc dcml mlhl hlrr gk gkss ep eper ertu tuhl hldk dkdc dcss dc acrnkdetcnhlk9 vl`lgkr su dcskrregge y acoerkr su neaprchslþh neae uh prencse. •   Cspcnlmlnk quì tlpe dc lhmeraknlþh sc rcqulcrc. • Dlscûk actedege`ák pkrk gk rcneplgknlþh dc gk lhmeraknlþh. • Kdalhlstrk cg prencse dc rcneplgknlþh dc dktes. • Khkglzk ges rcsugtkdes ejtchldes. • Neauhlnk ges fkggkz`es c lapglnknlehcs.

Y0Q

 

Dcmlhlnlþh dc Lhvcstl`knlþh dc Acrnkdes Gk Lh Lhvc vcst stl` l`kn knlþ lþh h dc ac acrn rnkd kdes es tk tkaj ajlì lìh h sc dc dcml mlhc hc ne neae ae gk ld ldch chtl tlml mlnk nknl nlþh þh,, rcneplgknlþh, khëglsls y dlmuslþh dc gk lhmeraknlþh dc akhcrk slstcaëtlnk y ejoctlvk, neh cg prepþslte dc acoerkr gk teak dc dcnlslehcs rcgknlehkdks neh gk ldchtlmlnknlþh y segunlþh dc prejgcaks y epertuhldkdcs dc acrnkdetcnhlk. •

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C^ ^L^TCAËTLNK, ^L^TCAËTLNK, rcspctk uhk actedege`ák, uh prencse. C^ EJOCTL]K, EJOCTL]K, jusnk nehencr y chtchdcr gk rckgldkd, dc akhcrk lapkrnlkg.

…..^u prepþslte cs teakr acoercs DCNL^LEHC^ ch Akrictlh`.

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^c pucdc rcsualr ch quc gk Lhvcstl`knlþh dc Acrnkdes cs gk cs gk fkjlgldkd pkrk RZC@SHTKZ \ CHTCHDCZ sejrc gks dlmcrchtcs sltuknlehcs quc sc dkh ch uh acrnkde.

•   Fkn Fkncr cr gks prc`uhtk prc`uhtkss kdc kdcnu nukdk kdkss dc RZC@SHTKZ

knu kn ucrde k uh prepþslte.   ‗µ[uì prc`uhtkr5‑ Fkncr cr gks pr prc` c`uh uhtks tks ch uhk merak merak •   Fkn nerrcntk. ‗µNþae prc`uhtkr5‑

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Erdchkr gk lhmeraknlþh ejtchldk dc knucrde kg prepþslte dcmlhlde • Lhtcrprctkr gk lhmeraknlþh ejtchldk. ‗µ[uì ac qulslcreh •

dcnlr5‑ Nehngulr. ‗µ[uì lapertkhnlk tlchc cstk lhmeraknlþh pkrk cg

CHTCHDCZ

Y Q

Rckrseh Cdunknlþh, ^c`uhdk Cdlnlþh.

 

Tlpes dc Lhvcstl`knlþh Dcsnrlptlvk

Ges pkrtlnlpkhtcs ch gk aucstrks pkrtln pkr tlnlpk lpkh h uhk seg segkk vc vcz. z.   (Chnucst (Chnucstks ks dc Trkhsvcrskg

eplhlþh pÿjglnk)

Geh`ltudlhkg

Cg cstudle sc rckglzk vkrlks vcncs neh gks alsaks pcrsehks.   (Chnucstks dc acdles9

DC^NZLRTL]K

 prucjks dc predunte)

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Lhvcstl`knlþh Nkuskg

Cs tlp tlpe e dc lh lhvc vcstl stl`k `knlþ nlþh h ne nehng hnguy uych chtc tc ch deh dehdc dc cg ej ejoct octlv lve e prlhnl prlhnlpkg pkg cs ejt ejtchc chcrr cvl cvldch dchnlk nlkss rcs rcspcn pcnte te k gks rcgknlehcs dc nkusk y cmcnte. Jusnk chtchdcr quì vkrlkjgcs seh gk nkusk y quì vkrlkjgcs seh cmcnte dc uh mchþache. Gks vkrlkjgcs nkuskgcs e lhdcpchdlchtcs sc akhlpugkh ch uh kajlchtc rcgktlvkachtc rcgktlvkachtc nehtregkde. nehtregkde. Rer cocapge? [ucrcaes skjcr nþae kmcntk ch gks vchtks (cmcnte) (cmcnte) gk nkpknltknlþh dkdk k ges preaetercs (nkusk)

Hkrcsf I. Akgfetrk, Lhvcstl`knlþh dc Acrnkdes Sh Chmequ Chmequc c Rrëntlne,

Y ;3 Q

Rckrseh Cdunknlþh, ^c`uhdk Cdlnlþh.

 

Aedcges dc Lhvcstl`knlþh Cxpgerkterlk

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LH]C^TL@KNLÞH NSKGLTK]LK? Jusnk neaprchdcr gks rkzehcs y aetlvknlehcs sujyknchtcs k gks kntltudcs, prcmcrchnlks e neapertkalchtes dc gks pcrsehks. ^cslehcs dc `rupe, chtrcvlstks k premuhdldkd, tìnhlnks preycntlvks seh ges dlscûes aës mrcnuchtcs dc gk Lhvcstl`knlþh Cxpgerkterlk. •

^C^LEHC^ DC @ZSRE? Ch Chtr trcv cvls lstk tk qu qucc rc rckg kglz lzkk uh ae aedc dcrk rkde derr nk nkpk pknl nltk tkde de ch chtr trcc uh `r `rup upe e rc rcdu dunl nlde de dc

pkrtlnlpkhtcs, ch merak hkturkg y he cstrunturkdk. •

TÌNHLNK^ RZE\CNTL]K^? Merak dc prc`uhtks he cstrunturkdks quc aetlvkh k ges chtrcvlstkdes k preycntkr sus

aetlvknlehcs, nrcchnlks, kntltudcs, schtlalchtes ch merak he pcrsehkg. •

j usnk CHTZC]L^TK^ K RZEMSHDLDKD? ^eh chtrcvlstks pcrsehkgcs k trkvìs dc uh merakte he cstrunturkde, quc jusnk chtchdcr aetlvknlehcs, nrcchnlks, kntltudcs, schtlalchtes sejrc uh tcak

C^TSDLE^ HCSZENLCHTÁMLNE^? Zckglzkdes k trkvìs dc cqulpes tcnhegþ`lnes quc cstudlkh gks rcknnlehcs dcg ncrcjre y cg þr`khe enugkr khtc gk cxpeslnlþh dc cstáauges acrnkdegþ`lnes. ]kh aës kggë dc gks vcrjkglzknlehcs dc gks pcrsehks. •

Y ;= Q

 

Lhvcstl`knlþh Nukgltktlvk

Cg ejoctlve ejoctlve dc gk Lhv Lhvcstl cstl`kn `knlþh lþh Nukgltktlv Nukgltktlvkk cs ge`rkr chtchdcr cg schtlde sujoctlve e gk sl`hlmlnknlþh quc cg nehsualder gc dk k nesks, cstáauges, preduntes y nehdun neh duntk tkss preplk preplks. s. ^u prepþ prepþslt slte e cs ge`rk ge`rkrr vc vcrr gk rckgldkd rckg ldkd dcsd dcsdcc gk pcrs pcrspcnt pcntlvk lvk dcg chtr chtrcvls cvlstkde tkde.. Gk prc`uhtk ngkvc quc trktk dc rcspehdcr cs per quì.

Gljcrtkd y mgcxljlgldkd ch gk kpglnknlþh dc prc`uhtks pcraltc su utlglzknlþh ch nukgqulcr tcaëtlnk, lhnguse cg kjerdkoc kjerdkoc dc tcaks tcaks tkjÿ, tkjÿ, knncd knncdlchd lchde e k rks` rks`es es dc

Gk ac acte tede dege ge`á `ákk nu nukg kglt ltkt ktlv lvkk sc cs cspc pcnl nlkg kglz lzkk ch cg chmequc lhtcrprctktlve. ^u ejoctlve cs cxpgerkr gks rkzehcs ÿgtlaks dc gk nehduntk, ychde aës kggë dc ge cvldchtc y kvchturëhdesc k cxpgerkr gk rc`lþh dcg lhnehsnlchtc.

^us prlhnlpkgcs glaltknlehcs cstëh ch quc rcqulcrc

pcr pcrseh sehkgl kgldkd dkd, , pcr pcrncp ncpnle nlehcs hcsdcytlpe alte al tes, s, ne neae ae k gks mucrzks dcg chterhe tkhte nugturkg, pegátlne, dc cstrkte senlkg e cnehþalne.

d crkd emcs ehkg cst pccqucuûhks ayedcr dkder c ergk pkrem uscsl chleh nlkkg,, dcdc pka rëuacs cttrrekss cstkhdkrlzkdes pkrk cg prencse lhtcrprctktlve.

Y ;0 Q

 

Lhvcstl`knlþh Nukgltktlvk

Gk actedege`ák nukgltktlvk pcraltc ggc`kr k etres pgkhes dc gk achtc, chnehtrkhd chneht rkhde e gks rkzehcs quc sujy sujyknch knch k ges neapertkalchte neapertkalchtess dc scgcnnlþh, neaprk y nehsuae, k ges aetlves quc cg preple nehsualder pucdc dcsnehencr, quc cs lhnkpkz dc cxpglnkr, e quc he cstë dlspucste k kdaltlr. Ch tk tkgg sc scht htld lde, e, tc tcþr þrln lnes es ae aedc dcrh rhes es ne nelhn lhnld ldch ch ch sc scûk ûkgk gkrr quc cg akrictlh` cs uhk jktkggk dc pcrncpnlehcs, he dc preduntes y quc, neae nehscnuchnlk, tedk cstrktc`lk dcjc jusnkr lapkntkr sejrc gk pcrncpnlþh. Gks tìnhlnks nukgltktlvks rcsugtkh lhdlspchskjgcs pkrk neaprchdcr nuëg cs gk pcrncpnlþh sejrc dctcralhkde ejocte, sltuknlþh e prencse (uh predunte, uhk akrnk,

gk cs cstr trun untu turk rk ne neac acrn rnlk lkg) g),, nþ nþae ae y pe perr qu quìì sc fk merakde, quì kspcntes fkjrák quc aedlmlnkr pkrk tchc tc hcrr uh uhkk rc rcsp spuc ucst stkk dl dlmmcr crch chtc tc,, qu quìì kt ktrl rlju jute te e jchcmlnle nehvlchc rcskgtkr. Cg prencse dc gk pcrncpnlþh sc vlhnugk neh cg dc meraknlþh dc laë`chcs, dehdc ge lapertkhtc he cs ge quc gks nesks seh ejoctlvkachtc, slhe nþae csk rckgldkd cs vlstk c lhtcrprctkdk per ges suoctes.

Y ;6 Q

 

Cstudle dc Acrnkde? Gk Dcakhdk Dcakhdk? Dcakhdk? Nkhtldkd dc uh predunte quc sc neaprk k vkrles prcnles ch uh pcráede dctcralhkde. Zcspe cspehd hdcc lhvc lhvcrrskac skacht htcc k gks vkrlknlehcs ch cg prcnle. Dcrlvkde dcprcnle su vkrlkjlgldkd rcspcnte kg c lh`rcse pucdc scr cgëstlnk c lhcgëstlnk.

Gcv k kguk dcnlþh a khddcg k ac chrnkd pkertdc lnusdc gkcr cglapu pglhte nke dc gk cvkg uknl þh acrn kde dcsd puht vlstk dcg nehsualder. Mkn knte terc rcss dc kh khëg ëgls lsls ls jë jësl slne nes? s? • • •



 Nehsuae kpkrchtc 1 R + A „V  Nehsuae cspcrkde  Dcakhdk lhsktlsmcnfk 1 N. lhst. „ lhst. „ N.  N. Csp.

  Dehdc?    R 1 Rred Rredunnlþ unnlþh h Hknl Hknlehkg ehkg   N. Lhst. 1 Nehsuae Lhs Lhstltunlehkg tltunlehkg    N. Csp. 1 Nehsuae Cspcrkde    A 1 Lapertknlehc Lapertknlehcss





  V 1 Cxpe Cxpertknl rtknlehcs ehcs

 

AÌTEDE DC AÁHLAE^ NSKDZKDE^ RKZK RZE\CNNLÞH DC DCAKHDK^ DC ACZNKDE

Cg aìtede dc aáhlaes nukdrkdes cs uhk fcrr fc rrka kalc lcht htkk cs cstk tkdá dást stln lnkk pkrk chnehtrkr gk cnuknlþh

Aìtede dc preycnnlþh neh aáhlaes nukdrkdes

G. Mcrtlglzkhtc

[. Aklz

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dc qucgk gáhck rcntk cxpglnyk 1 k + jcx,g neap ne aper erttka kalc lcht hte e dc uh uhkk vkrl vk rlkj kjgc gc dc dcpc pchd hdlc lcht htcc (y) (y) nlhedhcpchrcdglkcnhlþ tch k(x) etrky pcraltc preycntkr cg neapertkalchte dc gk prlacrk neh rcgknlþh k gk

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