Rutas Metabólicas & Sistemas Energéticos

 

X^PEY GNPEHÙ X^PEY GNPEHAMKIEY & YKYPNGEY NONXCËPKIAY NONXCËP KIAY  MKIEY & YKYPNGEY NONXCËPKIAY 

NYP^@KEOPNY 

@nmmks `nm Iergno Ykmve Para Dabooy Emndeo`ra Iruz

^okvnrsk`e` ^OKGKO^PA. ^OKGKO^PA. Hacatå @.I. JKYKAMACKE. 8686.

 

 

Xutes Gntehùmkies

^oe rute gntehùmkie ns uo iaoduota `n rneiikaons quçgkies, ietemkze`es par nozkge. No nstn  prainsa, uoe gamëiume R sn treosjarge no uoe gamëiume [, par gn`ka `n gntehamksga kotnrgn`kerkas. Mes rutes gntehùmkies tknono mucer no nm eghknotn inmumer. Junre `n me iëmume, Nstes rneiikaons tagerçeo `ngeske`a tkngpa, y emcuoes pa`rçeo oa aiurrkr. Ie`e pesa rnquknrn me prnsnoike `n mes pratnçoes ietemkze`ares `noagkoe`e nozkges. Nm pepnm `n nste gamëiume ns einmnrer no verkas ar`nons `n gecoktu` me vnmaik`e` `n ie`e rneiikùo `notra `n me vçe.

Mes rutes gntehùmkies nståo iaonite`es uoes iao atres. Ns `nikr, oa sn noiunotreo eksme`e `notra `n me iëmume, guibes `n mes rutes iagpertno gntehamktas no iagôo. Ie`e iëmume sn iereitnrkze par nxbkhkr uo rno`kgknota gntehùmkia nspnikjkia, qun vknon `njkok`a  par nm iaotnok`a `n nozkges no su kotnrkar, qun e su vnz vknon `ntnrgkoeo`a cnoëtkiegnotn.

 

 

Iereitnrçstkies cnonremns `n mes rutes gntehùmkies.

@notra `nm eghknotn inmumer, aiurrno uoe ieotk`e` `n rneiikaons quçgkies. Nm iaoduota `n nste rneiikùo ns nm gntehamksga, y me juoikùo prkoikpem `n nstn prainsa ns geotnonr me bagnastesks `nm arceoksga heda mes iao`kikaons oargemns y teghkëo heda iao`kikaons `n nstrës. Esç, `nhn nxkstkr uo nqukmkhrka `n jmudas `n `kibas gntehamktas. Notrn mes prkoikpemns iereitnrçstkies `n mes rutes gntehùmkies tnongas mes skcuknotns4 Mes rneiikaons sao ietemkze`es par nozkges4 Yn noierceo `n kotncrer y eoemkzer me kojargeikùo sahrn nm nste`a gntehùmkia y sao iepeins `n ga`umer su eitkvk`e` no juoikùo `n mas rnquksktas inmumerns `nm gagnota. Nm gntehamksga ns rncume`a par bargaoes4 Nm gntehamksga vknon `krkck`a par uoe snrkn `n bargaoes, qun sao iepeins `n iaar`koer mes rneiikaons gntehùmkies, iaosk`nreo`a mes oninsk`e`ns y nm rno`kgknota `nm arceoksga. Iagpertkgnoteikùo4 Nxkstn uoe iagpertkgnoteikùo `n rutes gntehùmkies. Ns `nikr, ie`e vçe tknon mucer no uo iagpertkgknota suhinmumer nspniçjkia, mmågnsn iktapmesge, gktaiao`rke, notrn atras. Iaar`koeikùo `nm jmuda gntehùmkia4 sn iaoskcun gn`keotn me nstehkmk`e` `n me eitkvk`e` `n mes nozkges kovamuire`es. Ns gnonstnr `nsteier qun mes rutes eoehùmkies y sus iaotrepertns ietehùmkies oa sao tatemgnotn ko`npno`knotns.

Pkpas `n rutes gntehùmkies

No hkaquçgkie, sn `kstkocuno trns tkpas `n rutes gntehùmkies prkoikpemns. Nste `kvkskùo sn rnemkze skcukno`a irktnrkas hkanonrcëtkias4 rutes ietehùmkies, eoehùmkies y eojkhùmkies.

 

 

Xutes ietehùmkies

Mes rutes ietehùmkies nocmaheo rneiikaons `n `ncre`eikùo axk`etkve. Yn mmnveo e ieha iao me jkoemk`e` `n ahtnonr nonrcçe y pa`nr rn`uitar, qun snrå use`e pastnrkargnotn par me iëmume no atres rneiikaons. Xutes eoehùmkies

Mes rutes eoehùmkies iagprno`no mes rneiikaons quçgkies `n sçotnsks, tageo`a gamëiumes  pnqunões y skgpmns, y treosjargåo`ames treosjargåo`a mes no nmngnotas gås creo`ns y iagpmndas. @n nste geonre, mas gntehamktas pra`uik`as par mes vçes ietehùmkies (qun sao mmege`as cmahemgnotn ”paam `n gntehamktas‗) Notrn nstn paam `n gntehamktas, nxkstno trns gamëiumes imevns `nm prainsa4 nm

 pkruveta, nm eintkm ianozkge E y nm cmkinram. Nstas gntehamktas sn noierceo `n iaoniter ia oniter nm gntehamksga `n `kjnrnotns hkagamëiumes, iaga mas mçpk`as, ierhabk`retas, notrn atras. Xutes eojkhùmkies

Me rute eojkhùmkie gås iaoaik`e ns nm ikima `n Lrnhs. Nste rute tknon uo pepnm juo`egnotem no me `ncre`eikùo `n bk`retas `n ierhaoa, mçpk`as y egkoaåik`as. Yko ngherca, teghkëo pertkikpe no me  pra`uiikùo `n mas prniursarns prniursar ns pere rutes `n sçotnsks.

Mas Ykstnges Nonrcëtkias

Iaoinptas -Vere Gntrem Custeva uo skstnge `n mkhnreikùo `n nonrcçe ns uoe vçe gntehùmkie iaostktuk`e par uo iaoduota `n nozkges qun `ncre`eo `n geonre nspniçjkie e uoe rnsnrve nonrcëtkie, ns `nikr, mas skstnges nonrcëtkias oa sao gås qun vçes gntehùmkies iaostktuk`es par uo iaoduota `n nozkges qun `ncre`eo `n geonre nspniçjkie e uoe rnsnrve nonrcëtkie.

 

  -Hmeoia E, (5;;:) ejkrge qun `ureotn me `ncre`eikùo a ietehamkzeikùo `n me rnsnrve sn veo mkhnreo`a pnqunões ieotk`e`ns `n nonrcçe, `n mes iuemns epraxkge`egnotn nm 06% ns utkmkze`e pere pragavnr me rnsçotnsks `nm EPV, gknotres qun nm parinotedn rnsteotn sn mkhnre no jarge `n iemar. No atres pemehres, sn pun`n `nikr qun ie`e rnsnrve nonrcëtkie tknon me paskhkmk`e` `n rnskotntkzer EPV, sùma  parqun tknon uo skstnge nonrcëtkia qun me `ncre`e. No nm gôsiuma nsqunmëtkia bugeoa nxkstno trns skstnges `n mkhnreikùo `n nonrcçe4 Ykstnge Eoenrùhkia Emåitkia a `n mas Jasjåcnoas qun `ncre`e e me jasjairnetkoe< Ykstnge Eoenrùhkia Måitkia a Cmuiamçtkia qun `ncre`e em cmuiùcnoa gusiumer y e me cmuiase pravnoknotn `n me seocrn< y nm Ykstnge Enrùhkia qun ietehamkze åik`as cresas, ierhabk`retas y  pratnçoes.

Kotnreiikùo no mas skstnges nonrcëtkias

Vere Yebmko (5;;2), `ureotn nm ndnrikika sn prnsnote uo koirngnota no mes oninsk`e`ns `n nonrcçe `n me iëmume gusiumer. @n nste jarge, em peser `nm rnpasa em ndnrikika `n gåxkge kotnosk`e` nm rnqunrkgknota nonrcëtkia `n me iëmume gusiumer pun`n koirngnotersn no gås `n 5>6 vnins. Eotn tem koirngnota `n mes oninsk`e`ns nonrcëtkies qun prnsnote nm ndnrikika, mes iëmumes gusiumerns rnspao`no pra`uikno`a uoe eitkveikùo skoirùokie `n mas trns skstnges `n rnsçotnsks `n EPV `ns`n nm kokika gksga `nm ndnrikika. Ns kgparteotn oater qun `ureotn ta`e me eitkvk`e` iaotråitkm nxkstn uoe iaotkoue ianxkstnoike `n mas trns skstnges `n nonrcçe no me rnsçotnsks `nm EPV, oa ahsteotn, pere ie`e gagnota `nm ndnrikika skngprn behrå uo skstnge qun snrå iueotktetkvegnotn nm gås kgparteotn no me mkhnreikùo `n nonrcçe. Me skcuknotn crejkie ma nxpmkie4

 

 

Yebmko y iams., 5;;2 e`vknrtn qun pere pa`nr notno`nr gndar iùga kotnreitôeo y juoikaoeo notrn sk mas skstnges nonrcëtkias, sn `nhn tnonr no iunote espnitas iaga su prn`agkoeoike, patnoike y iepeik`e`.

- Vrn`agkoeoike4 Ns nm pnrça`a `n tkngpa no nm qun uo skstnge nstå paskhkmkte`a `n rnemkzer uoe geyar rnsçotnsks `n EPV qun nm rnsta. (Nstn iaoinpta `njkon iuåm `n mas trns skstnges ns nm gås kgparteotn no me rnsçotnsks `n EPV pere uo `ntnrgkoe`a pnrça`a `n tkngpa). - Vatnoike4 Ns me gåxkge ieotk`e` `n EPV no uok`e` `n tkngpa qun uo skstnge `n nonrcçe  pun`n pra`uikr. Yn gk`n no ggam `n EPV par lc `n gôsiuma snia par sncuo`a. (Yebmko y iams., 5;;2) - Iepeik`e`4 Ieotk`e` tatem `n gamns `n EPV qun pun`no snr pra`uik`es par uo skstnge `n

 

  nonrcçe. Me iepeik`e` nstå `krnitegnotn rnmeikaoe`e iao me ieotk`e` `n rnsnrves nonrcëtkies `kspaokhmns, e geyar ieotk`e` `n rnsnrves geyar iepeik`e` y vkinvnrse. Yn gk`n no gamns `n EPV

Ykstnges nonrcëtkias iaga junotn nonrcëtkie no me iaotreiikùo Gusiumer

Iruz inrùo nxpmkie qun nm prainsa iaotråitkm sn nxprnse no nm `nsmkzegknota `n mas gkajkmegnotas `n eitkoe notrn mas `n gkaskoe,  pra`uikëo`asn esç nm eiartegknota `nm gôsiuma y no iaosniunoike me cnonreikùo `n me tnoskùo, cereotçe pere me rnemkzeikùo `n iuemquknr tkpa `n treheda gniåokia. Vere nsta sn rnquknrn `n nonrcçe. Me iaotreiikùo gusiumer `ureotn nm ndnrikika jçskia ns  paskhmn creikes e uo prainsa `n treosjargeikùo treosj argeikùo `n nonrcçe. Me nonrcçe quçgkie qun sn emgeinoe no mas nomeins `n mes gamëiumes `n mas `kjnrnotns sustretas gntehùmkias (nm EPV ns me gamëiume kotnrgn`kerke no nstn prainsa) ns treosjarge`e no nonrcçe gniåokie. Me rupture `n uo nomein rkia no nonrcçe `n me gamëiume `n EPV praparikaoe nonrcçe quçgkie qun pravaie ieghkas no me umtre nstruiture `n me gkaskoe pere qun sn pra`uzie nm prainsa `n me iaotreiikùo gusiumer. Iruz inrùo esncure `ngås, qun me ôokie gamëiume iepez `n eparter nonrcçe `n uoe geonre `krnite pere me iaotreiikùo gusiumer, ns me gamëiume `n EPV a trkjasjeta `n e`noaskoe, iaga sn gnoikaoù eotnrkargnotn iaoskstn no uoe hesn arcåokie `noagkoe`e e`nokoe, nm ezôier rkhase y trns re`kiemns `n åik`a jasjùrkia. Dr. Herheoy, Cuytao y bemm \5:W \59W iakoik`no no qun me iëmume gusiumer, em kcuem qun ta`es mes iëmumes utkmkze me nonrcçe qun sn noiunotre no mas emkgnotas pere rnskotntkzer nm EPV, e pertkr `n uo jasjeta y `n uo E@V. Me iaotreiikùo `n EPV no nm gôsiuma ns gçokge, sujkiknotn pere cereotkzer iuetra a ikoia seiu`k`es vkamnote, ns `nikr 6.> sncuo`as `n treheda kotnosa, pnra nm EPV sn

 

  rnskotntkze e me gksge vnmaik`e` e me qun sn `ncre`e beste nm E@V y uo jasjeta koarcåokia pere  pa`nr esç sugkokstrer nonrcçe par `ureotn `ureot n me eitkvk`e` par nm tkngpa qun sne oninserka. Me nonrcçe nonr cçe qun cereotkze nste juskùo pravknon `n uoe susteoike qun pnrtnonin em crupa `n mas jasjåcnoas `noagkoe`e Jasjairnetkoe (VI), esç iaga teghkëo `n mas emkgnotas (ezuierns, creses, pratnçoes). Nm gnieoksga `n rnsçotnsks ns teo njnitkva, qun me jkhre skngprn iaoterå iao uoe pnqunõe pnra iaosteotn rnsnrve `n EPV. Nmmas nxpmkieo, e`ngås, qun sn ngpmneo trns skstnges sugkokstre`arns `n nonrcçe e utkmkzer no me rnsçotnsks `n EPV mas iuemns sn `noagkoeo iaga skstnges nonrcëtkias4 • Ykstnge `n me jasjairnetkoe (EPV -VI). • Ykstnge Meiteik`ëgkia (Cmuiamçtkia). • Ykstnge Axk`etkva (enrùhkia).

Mas trns skstnges nonrcëtkias juoikaoeo iaga uo iaotkoug nonrcëtkia sn pun`n `njkokr e ëstn iaga me iepeik`e` qun pasnn nm arceoksga `n geotnonr skgumtåonegnotn eitkvas e mas trns skstnges nonrcëtkias no ta`a gagnota, pnra atarcåo`amn uoe prn`agkoeoike e uoa `n nmmas sahrn nm rnsta `n eiunr`a e4 5. @ureikùo `nm Ndnrikika. 8. Kotnosk`e` `n me Iaotreiikùo Gusiumer. 9. Ieotk`e` `n Yuhstretas Emgeinoe`as. Pnokno`a nsta no iunote, Iruz Inrùo e`vknrtn qun par ma teota `nhn qun`er imera qun mas skstnges nonrcëtkias `ksteo guiba `n juoikaoer iaga iagpertkgnotas eksme`as sko rnmeikùo notrn nmmas. Ykoa qun mas gksgas sn noiunotreo juoikaoeo`a no uoe iaotkoue kotnreiikùo, par ma teota, `nhn behmersn skngprn `n uoe prn`agkoeoike `n uo skstnge nonrcëtkia sahrn nm rnsta y ouoie `n uoe nximuskvk`e` no me vçe `nm epartn `n nonrcçe pere me rnemkzeikùo `n uoe `ntnrgkoe`e eitkvk`e` jçskie.

 

  Iue`ras Nonrcëtkias

Junotns 

Zçes `n jargeikùo

Eoenrahke Emåitkie Eoenrahke meitåik`e

IrV, EPV gusiumer Cmuiùmksks (rnsnrve cmuiùcnoe) Axk`eikùo, BI, creses

Enrùhkia

Ykstnge Eoenrùhkia Emåitkia Eoenrùhkia måitkia Enrùhkia

Pkngpa `n kokika

Vmeza eiikùo

6

96‗ 

5>-86‗ 

96‗->-:-

gko ;6-526‗ 

Pkngpa `n prn`agkoeoike 6‗-96‗ 

96‗-:6‗  Gås `n 586‗ 

Beste verkes bares

Kotnosk`e` `nm ndnrikika

Emte4 ;6-566%

@ureikùo `n mkhnreikùo 56‗ 

96‗- 5 gko 96‗ 

8->gko

Iaghustkhmn

Jasjairnetkoe(pIr) y EPV Emte-gn`ke4 26-;6% Cmuiùcnoa Gn`ke -hede4 beste Bk`retas `n nm 3>% ierhaoa, creses  pratnçoes

 

  Ndngpmas `n `npartns Mas `npartns eiçimkias sao equnmmas `ao`n prn`agkoeo me jartemnze vnmaz y mas gavkgknotas `n kotnosk`e` gåxkge iaga mas skcuknotns4 -^o nsjunrza nxpmaskva `n emte kotnosk`e` iaga nm meozegknota `n dehemkoe. -Atra ndnrikika `n junrze, vnmaik`e` y iaar`koeikùo iaga nm meozegknota `n gertkmma -Gavkgknotas `n kotnosk`e` suhgåxkge (gn`ka jao`a, oeteikùo 566 y 066g.) -^oe ierrnre `n :6 gntras iao uo nsjunrza kotnosa `n >, : a 3 sncuo`as. - Mnveotegknota `n pnses

Mas `npartns içimkias sn iereitnrkzeo par heser su pråitkie no nm usa `n uo ga`nma `n gavkgknota guy snoikmma mmege`a ikima, nm iuem eiehe no me gksge paskikùo `ao`n ngpnzù pere jeikmkter esç su noie`noegknota suinskva. -Nm nsquç oùr`kia ta`es mes kotnosk`e`ns. -Nm rnga par tnonr ta`es mes kotnosk`e`ns, `ns`n gåxkges e hedes. -Nm ikimksga teghkëo geonde kotnosk`e`ns gåxkges y hedes. -Nm petkoedn `n pkste - Oeteikùo Ndnrikikas enrùhkias iaguons -Hekmer -Prater -Iegkoer -Oe`er -Vn`emner

 

 

Xnjnrnoikes

Gerkeoe Cnmeghk. (s.j). Xutes gntehùmkies4 tkpas y prkoikpemns rutes. Xniupnre`a `n bttps4//www.mkjn`nr.iag/rutes-gntehamkies/   bttps4//www.mkjn`nr.iag/rutes-gntehamkies/