Rule 108 Special Proceedings
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Transcription on Rule 108 Lecture of Atty. Quimosing-Tiu...
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April 5, 2016 Wrap Up Rule 108 Cancellation or Correction of Entries in the Civil Registry i!e Rule 10", it has also #een $o%i&e% #y RE'U()C AC* +- .0/8 arch 22, 2001 A+ AC* AU*3R)4)+ *3E C)* R U+)C)'A C)7) C)7) RE) RE)* *R RAR R *3E *3E C+ C+U U E+ERA E+ERA * CRREC* A CER)CA R *'RA'3)CA *'RA'3)CA ERRR )+ A+ E+*R E+*R A+9:R C3A+E ; ;)R* +AE R +)C< +)C2, Congress ha% ta!en out the u$$ary 'rocee%ing fro$ R108 #ecause typographical or clerical error is no? re$ove% fro$ u%icial procee%ings un%er R108 an% is no? veste% in the CR un%er the a%$inistrative correction of clerical errorsWhat $ay #e change% or correcte%H Article /0> Civil Co%e Acts, events an% u%icial %ecrees concerning the civil status of persons shall #e recor%e% in the civil registerAct /08 Civil Co%e 1 (irthsF 2 $arriagesF " %eathsF / legal separationsF 5 annul$ents of $arriageF 6 u%g$ents %eclaring $arriages voi% fro$ the #eginningF > legiti$ationsF 8 a%optionsF . ac!no?le%g$ents of natural chil%renF 10 naturaliDationF 11 loss, or 12 recovery of citiDenshipF 1" civil inter%ictionF 1/ u%icial %eter$ination of &liationF 15 voluntary e$ancipation of a $inorF an% 16 changes of na$eAnother interesting case is Tan Co vs. Civil Register o Manila What happene% here is that the chil%ren ?ere #orn to a Chinese father#viously, their #irth recor%s ?oul%
sho? that their father is a Chinese3o?ever, after they ?ere #orn, their father #eca$e a naturaliDe% ;ilipino citiDen- o it is an afterN#irth event- )s that su#ect to correctionH *he C sai% yes- *he petitionerJs recourse to Rule 108 of the Rules of Court, as a$en%e%, is appropriateUn%er Article /12 of the +e? Civil Co%e, no entry in a civil register shall #e change% or correcte% ?ithout a u%icial or%er- *he la? %oes not provi%e for a speci&c proce%ure of la? to #e follo?e%- (ut the Court approve% Rule 108 of the Rules of Court to provi%e for a proce%ure to i$ple$ent the la?- *he entries envisage% in Article /12 of the +e? Civil Co%e are those provi%e% in Articles /0> an% /08 of the +e? Civil Co%epeci&c $atters covere% #y the sai% provision inclu%e not only status #ut also nationality- *he acts, events or factual errors envisage% in Article /0> of the +e? Civil Co%e include even those that occur after the birth of the petitioner- 3o?ever, in such cases, the entries in the certi&cates of #irth ?ill not #e correcte% or change% *he %ecision of the court granting the petition shall #e annotate% in the certi&cates of #irth an% shall for$ part of the civil register in the Pce of the ocal Civil Registrar *o correct si$ply $eans to $a!e or set arightF to re$ove the faults or error fro$- *o change $eans to replace so$ething ?ith so$ething else of the sa$e !in% or ?ith so$ething that serves as a su#stituteArticle /12 of the +e? Civil Co%e %oes not Gualify as to the !in% of entry to #e change% or correcte% or %istinguishe% on the #asis of the eect that the correction or change $ay #e- uch
entries inclu%e not only those clerical in nature #ut also su#stantial errorsAfter all, the role of the Court un%er Rule 108 of the Rules of Court is to ascertain the truths a#out the facts recor%e% thereino it actually falls un%er the enu$eration of Art/0810 +aturaliDation'*)3* E+* A(U* C)E+* A)+E9 ;R A7)9 7)EWER ; 3ER U+9A R+)+ 3W+o?, ?e ?ill %iscuss if Rule 108 shall apply on change of gen%er- *he upre$e Court, in the case of Repu#lic vs- Cagan%ahan, rule% on the Guestion on ?hether or not Rule 108 allo? change of seB or gen%er in the #irth certi&cate #y reason of Congenital A%renal 3yperplasia CA3 ?hich is a con%ition ?here persons thus aQicte% possess #oth $ale an% fe$ale characteristics es- Un%er Rep- Act +o- .0/8, a correction in the civil registry involving the change of seB is not a $ere clerical or typographical error- )t is a su#stantial change for ?hich the applica#le proce%ure is Rule 108 of the Rules of CourtUlti$ately, ?e are of the vie? that ?here the person is #iologically or naturally interseB the %eter$ining factor in his gen%er classi&cation ?oul% #e ?hat the in%ivi%ual, li!e respon%ent, having reache% the age of $aority, ?ith goo% reason thin!s of his:her seB- Respon%ent here thin!s of hi$self as a $ale an% consi%ering that his #o%y pro%uces high levels of $ale hor$ones an%rogen there is prepon%erant #iological support for consi%ering hi$ as #eing $ale- eBual %evelop$ent in cases of interseB
persons $a!es the gen%er classi&cation at #irth inconclusive- )t is at $aturity that the gen%er of such persons, li!e respon%ent, is &Be% *his ?as #efore RA 101>2 that too! eect last =anuary 201" ?hich no? allo?s changing the seB provi%e% there is no seB reassign$ent- )n this case, the petitioner is a her$aphro%ite- )t ust so happens that as he gre? up, yung nag $anifest na %o$inant seB niya i#a %oon sa naN register sa !anyang #irth recor%- C sai% that is allo?e% for correction #ecause there ?as no reassign$ent(ut ha% Cagan%ahan petition for his #irth recor% after the enact$ent of RA 101>2, then that ?oul% have #een entertaine% !asi ?ala na$ang seB reassign$ent+o? eto ngayon, in the recent case of Republic vs. !laivar %eci%e% in 201/, here laivar ?ante% to cancel all entries in the ?hite portion of the allege% contract entere% into %uring a civil ?e%%ing- *he reason is that %i na$an talaga siya nagpa!asal-
in the case of Bra"a vs. City Civil Register *he issue here is W+ the petition for correction of entry $ay inclu%e a prayer for %eclaration of nullity of $arriage an% ?hether it 9+A testing to %eter$ine paternity an% &liation is allo?e%C sai% +- 'etition for Correction of Entries prays as follo?s 1 the correction of the entries in 'atric!Ks #irth recor% ?ith respect to his legiti$ation, the na$e of the father an% his ac!no?le%g$ent, an% the use of the last na$e O(raDaOF 2 a %irective to eon, Cecilia an% ucille, all surna$e% *itular, as guar%ians of the $inor 'atric!, to su#$it 'aric! to 9+A testing to %eter$ine his paternity an% &liationF an% " the %eclaration of nullity of the legiti$ation of 'atric! as state% in his #irth certi&cate an%, for this purpose, the %eclaration of the $arriage of ucille an% 'a#lo as #iga$ous-
he ust foun% out that $eron nap ala $arriage contract at !asal na pala siya sa isang *ai?anese or ", ec- 15 eBten%ing 'hilippine citiDenship to $inor chil%ren of those naturaliDe% un%er ) 2>0
ec- 6- EBpe%iting procee%ings- *he court in ?hich the procee%ing is #rought $ay $a!e or%ers eBpe%iting the procee%ings, an% $ay also grant preli$inary inunction for the preservation of the rights of the parties pen%ing such procee%ingsec- >- r%er- After hearing, the court $ay either %is$iss the petition or
issue an or%er granting the cancellation or correction praye% for)n either case, a certi&e% copy of the u%g$ent shall #e serve% upon the civil registrar concerne% ?ho shall annotate the sa$e in his recor%+o? letJs go to correction clerical errors provi%e% un%er RA .0/8 an% RA 101>2RA .0/8 a$en%e% Articles ">6 an% /12 of the Civil Co%e- RA 101>2, on the other han%, a$en%e% ections 1, 2, 5 an% 8 of RA .0/8 to inclu%e a%$inistrative correction of clerical errors in the %ay an% $onth of #irth an% in the gen%er, provi%e% that there is no seB change involve%(oth of these la?s provi%e for a%$inistrative correction of clerical errors-
Who may correct clerical errors? 1- Concerne% city:$unicipal registrar or ec 1, RA .0/8 2- Consul general ec 1, RA .0/8 "- Cler! of the haria Court in his capacity as 9istrict or Circuit Registrar of usli$ arriages, 9ivorces, Revocation of 9ivorces an% Conversions Rule 1, )RR of Rule .0/8 A-- +o- 1, eries of 2001 cope of A%$inistrative un%er RA .0/8
Correction
1- ;irst +a$e o A na$e or nic!na$e given to a person ?hich $ay consist of one or $ore na$es in a%%ition to $i%%le an% last na$es ec 26 2- Clerical or typographical errors o refers to a $ista!e co$$itte% in the
perfor$ance of clerical ?or! in ?riting, copying, transcri#ing or typing an entry in the civil register that is har$less an% innocuous, such as $isspelle% na$e or $isspelle% place of #irth or the li!e, ?hich is visi#le to the eyes or o#vious to the un%erstan%ing, an% can #e correcte% or change% only #y reference to other eBisting recor% or recor%s 'rovi%e% ho?ever, that no correction $ust involve the change of nationality, age, status or seB of the petitioner- ec 2 "
Scope of Administrative Correction under RA 11!" 1- Clerical or typographical error:$ista!e in the entry nly the %ay an% $onth of the %ate of #irth- )f it involves the year itself, it ?ill aect your age- )t is no longer allo?e% for a%$inistrative correction ou have to go to court *hat is not covere% #y RA 101>2eB or gen%er of person 2- Clerical error that is patently clear Can you consi%er an error pertaining to nationality, age, status, or seB as $erely clerical:typoH +ot un%er RA .0/8- (ut un%er RA 101>2, seB of persons are no? inclu%e%•
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RA .0/8 no? governs the change of &rst na$e- )t vests the po?er an% authority to entertain petitions for change of &rst na$e to the city or $unicipal civil registrar or consul general concerne%- Un%er the la?, therefore, uris%iction over applications for change of &rst na$e is no? pri$arily lo%ge% ?ith the afore$entione% a%$inistrative oPcers *he intent an% eect of the la? is to eBclu%e the change of &rst na$e fro$ the coverage of Rules 10" Change of +a$e an% 108 Cancellation or Correction of Entries in the Civil Registry of the Rules of Court, until an% unless an a%$inistrative petition for change of na$e is &rst &le% an% su#seGuently %enie%)t li!e?ise lays %o?n the correspon%ing venue, for$, an% proce%ure- )n su$, the re$e%y an% the procee%ings regulating change of &rst na$e are pri$arily a%$inistrative in nature, not u%icial- ilverio vsRepu#lic )n Lee vs. C#, the upre$e Court eBplaine% that RA .0/8 is CongressK response to the confusion ?rought #y the failure to %elineate as to ?hat eBactly is that soNcalle% su$$ary proce%ure for changes or corrections of a har$less or innocuous nature as %istinguishe% fro$ that appropriate a%versary procee%ing for changes or corrections of a su#stantial !in%- ;or ?e $ust a%$it that though ?e have constantly referre% to an appropriate a%versary procee%ing, ?e have faile% to categorically state ust ?hat that proce%ure isRepu#lic Act +o- .0/8 no? e$#o%ies that su$$ary proce%ure ?hile Rule
108 is that appropriate a%versary procee%ing- (e that as it $ay, the case at #ar cannot #e %eci%e% on the #asis of Repu#lic Act +o- .0/8 ?hich has prospective application- 3ence, the necessity for the prece%ing treatise-
;or change of na$e, clerical error in %ay an% $onth of #irth, an% other clerical errors •
What are the grounds for the change of #rst name? 1- *he petitioner &n%s the &rst na$e or nic!na$e to #e ri%iculous, tainte% ?ith %ishonor or eBtre$ely %iPcult to ?rite or pronounceF 2- *he ne? &rst na$e or nic!na$e has #een ha#itually an% continuously use% #y the petitioner an% he has #een pu#licly !no?n #y that #y that &rst na$e or nic!na$e in the co$$unityF or "- *he change ?ill avoi% confusion+ota (ene eB reassign$ent is an invali% groun%)n $ilverio vs. Republic, petitionerJs #asis in praying for the change of his &rst na$e ?as his seB reassign$ent3e inten%e% to $a!e his &rst na$e co$pati#le ?ith the seB he thought he transfor$e% hi$self into through surgery- 3o?ever, a change of na$e %oes not alter oneJs legal capacity or civil status- RA .0/8 %oes not sanction a change of &rst na$e on the groun% of seB reassign$ent- Rather than avoi%ing confusion, changing petitionerJs &rst na$e for his %eclare% purpose $ay only create grave co$plications in the civil registry an% the pu#lic interest-
Who may #le the petition?
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Any person having %irect an% personal interest in the correction of a clerical or typographical error in an entry an%:or change of &rst na$e or nic!na$e in the civil register $ay &le the petition ec ", RA .0/8, Rule " )RR When a person is a $inor or physically an% $entally incapacitate%, the petition $ay #e &le% on his #ehalf #y his spouse, or any of his chil%ren, parents, #rothers, sisters, gran%parents, guar%ians or persons %uly authoriDe% #y la?'erson having %irect an% personal interest o ?ner of the recor%F or N ?nerJs spouse, chil%ren, parents, #rothers, sisters, gran%parents, guar%ians or persons %uly authoriDe% #y la?F or N ?ner of the %ocu$ent sought to #e correcte%ec ", RA .0/8F Rule ", )RR o 'erson aecte% #y the error Rule "-2 )RR 3in%i p?e%e ang spouse, ana!, relative, gran%parents, etc-
What is the form of the petition? 1- )n the for$ of an aP%avit su#scri#e% an% s?orn to #efore any person authoriDe% #y the la? to a%$inister oaths- N set forth facts necessary to esta#lish the $erits of the petition an% shall sho? aPr$atively that the petitioner
is co$petent to testify to the $atters state%2- tate the particular erroneous entry or entries, ?hich are sought to #e correcte% an%:or the change sought to #e $a%eec 5, RA .0/8F Rule 8, )RR
What is the manner of #ling? •
)t is 'ersonal &ling as provi%e% un%er ec ", RA .0/8F Rule 8 )RR
Where should petition be #led? 1- Change of &rst na$e, error in %ay an% $onth of #irth Resi%ent petitioner With the CR of the city or $unicipality or ?ith the Pce of the Cler! of the haria Court, as the case $ay #e, ?here the recor% is registere% ec ", RA .0/8F Rule /, )RR igrant petitioner transferre% resi%ence ?ith the petition receiving civil registrar of the place ?here the $igrant petitioner is resi%ing or %o$icile%+onNresi%ent petitioner resi%ing a#roa% With the nearest 'hilippine Consulate for persons ?hose civil registry recor% ?as registere% in the 'hilippines, or in any 'hilippine E$#assy 2- Error in seB With the C:CR of the city or $unicipality or the 'hilippine Consulate, as the case $ay #e, ?here the recor% is registere% Rule /-2 )RR •
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What are the attachments to the petition? 1- Certi&e% $achine copy of the certi&cate containing the allege% erroneous entry or entries 2- +ot less than 2 pu#lic or private %ocu$ents upon ?hich the correction shall #e #ase% "- +otice an% Certi&cate of 'osting N Certi&e% $achine copy of Pcial Receipt of the &ling fee N ther %ocu$ents as $ay #e reGuire% #y the City:unicipal Civil Registrar C:CR ec 5, RA .0/8, Rule 8, )RR
What are the additional attachments for the change of name $RA %&'( Rule '( ')" *RR+? 1- Clearance or certi&cation that o?ner of %ocu$ent has no pen%ing a%$inistrative, civil or cri$inal case, or no cri$inal recor%, #y the follo?ing a- E$ployer, if e$ploye% #- +ational (ureau of )nvestigation c- 'hilippine +ational 'olice 2- AP%avit of pu#lication fro$ the pu#lisher an% a copy of the ne?spaper clipping- )n petition for change of ;irst +a$e, pu#lication in ne?spaper of general circulation is reGuire%)n other cases, posting in conspicuous pu#lic places is reGuire%What are the attach$ents for the na$e RA 101>2H
a%%itional change of
1- e%ical recor%s 2- (aptis$al certi&cate or other %ocu$ents issue% #y religious authorities
"- ;or correction of seB @ Certi&cation #y a govern$ent physician attesting to the fact of nonN seB transplant or nonNseB change
What are the posting publication re,uirements?
and
;or 'osting ReGuire$ent i-
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Resi%ent 'etitioner a- )n a conspicuous place provi%e% for that purpose #- ;or 10 consecutive %ays after favora#le assess$ent igrant 'etitioner a- Pce of the 'RCR for 10 consecutive %ays #- Pce of the R- )n the case of petition for change of &rst na$e or nic!na$e, any of the groun%s provi%e% in ec / of RA .0/8 are not present in a%%ition to the a#ove$entione% Rule 5, 5-8 )RR-
What are the remedies denial of the petition?
upon
1- Appeal the %ecision to the CR ?ithin ten 10 ?or!ing %ays fro$ the receipt of the %ecision on the follo?ing groun%s +e?ly %iscovere% evi%ence ?hich shall $aterially aect, alter, $o%ify or reverse the %ecision of the C:CR 9enial of the C:CR is erroneous or not supporte% ?ith evi%ence 9enial of the C:CR is %one ?ith grave a#use of authority or %iscretion CR shall ren%er a %ecision ?ithin "0 calen%ar %ays after receipt of the appeal an% shall furnish the C:CR, C or 9:CR a copy of the %ecision not later than 10 ?or!ing %ate after %ate of %ecision •
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2- ;ile the appropriate petition ?ith the proper court ay #e &le% even #eyon% perio% to appeal Rule 1" an% 1/ )RR •
When can decision be impugned? •
Within 10 ?or!ing %ays fro$ receipt of %ecision granting %ecision
Who may impugn the decision? •
*he Civil CR
Registrar
eneral
What is the e-ect of failure to impugn the decision? 1- ;ile R ?ithin 15 ?or!ing %ays fro$ receipt of %ecision on the groun% of ne?ly %iscovere% evi%ence CR shall resolve the R ?ithin "0 ?or!ing %ays, thereafter the %ecision #eco$es &nal an% eBecutory 2- ;ile separate petition in court •
)n Re =u%icial Au%it R*C 6> A +o 06N >N/1/NR*C, cto#er 1., 200> ay the court apply RA .0/8 for petitions for na$e change or correction of entries, ?ithout hearing an% pu#lication reGuire$entsH +o- ince R-A- +o- .0/8 refers speci&cally to the a%$inistrative su$$ary procee%ing #efore the local civil registrar it ?oul% #e inappropriate to apply the sa$e proce%ure to petitions for the correction of entries in the civil registry #efore the courts)n other ?or%s, you %o not apply the proce%ure un%er RA .0/8 for procee%ings un%er Rule 108 since it is u%icial-
*he proce%ures are %ierent- ou cannot use RA .0/8 proce%ure un%er a petition for correction un%er Rule 108 *he pro$ulgation of rules of proce%ure
for courts of ustice is the eBclusive %o$ain of the upre$e Court-
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