RPS Biorep 2 2021

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A C@GXI_@Z GHZHB@_@E LXVXZ@E/^VAMV@D LXVXZ@E/^VAM V@D Z_XOK GHFKO@E@E ^VAMV@D Z@VL@E@

D`t` Guik`b

Gaoh

Fkaiamk Vhpraougsk

Fo. 3.8.:

VHEJ@E@ ^HDFHI@L@V@E ZHDHZ_HV  Vudpue DG  Fafat (ZGZ) ZHDHZ_HV  Ghfko`e`e

6 sgs ( _< 0 ^60

D`t` Guik`b Ghshb`t`e G`praok

Gaaroke`tar VDG 

Oashe ^hemhdf`em V^Z

Iuvk Ok`e @crk`ek, Z.Zk_.,D.Ghs EKOE.>36=>?2:>6

Ksrk E`skc`b, Z.Zk_.,D.Ghf EKOE.>3>0>62>>6

Ksrk E`skc`b, Z.Zk_.,D.Ghf EKOE. >3>0>62>

A_AVKZ@ZK

J`p`k`e^hdfhi`l`r`e (J^)  

J^I ^raok

0. Fhrt`gw` ghp`o` ghp`o` _ub`e [`em D`b` Hs` o`e d`dpu dheuelugg`e skg`p rhikmkus 6. Dhelueluem tkemmk eki`k eki`k ghd`eusk``e o`i`d o`i`d dhel`i`eg`e tum` tum`ss fhro`s`rg`e `m`d`,dar`i, o`e htkg` :. D`dpu D`dpu dhehr` dhehr`pg` pg`e e phd phdkgk kgkr`e r`e iamks, iamks, grk grktks tks,, sksthd sksthd`tk `tkss o`e keav`t keav`tkc kc o`i o`i`d `d gae gaethg thgss phe phemhd mhdf`e f`em`e m`e,, `t` `t`u u kdpihdhet`sk kidu phemht`bu`e o`e thgeaiamk y`em dhdphrb`tkg`e o`e dhehr`pg`e eki`k bud`ekar` y`em shsu`k ohem`e fko`em gh`bik`eey`.

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

?. D`dpu dheuelugg dheuelugg`e `e gkehrl` gkehrl` d`eokrk, d`eokrk, fhrdut fhrdutu, u, o`e thrugur  thrugur  8. D`dpu dhemkohetkck dhemkohetkckg`sk g`sk shj`r` grktks pheykdp pheykdp`em`e `em`e shj`r` grktk grktkss pheyk pheykdp`em` dp`em`e/ e/ ghi`k ghi`ke`e e`e shsu`k ikemgup pr`gtkg  ghfko`e`e J^I DG  D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhelhi`sg`e< 0. ^hrghdf`em` ^hrghdf`em`e e arm`e, rrhprao hpraougsk ugsk i`gk-i`g i`gk-i`gkk o`e w`ekt` w`ekt` 6. Cuemsk arm`e rhpraougsk rhpraougsk i`gk-i i`gk-i`gk `gk o`e o`e w`ek w`ekt` t` :. Bardae Bardae rhpr rhpraougsk aougsk,, skgiu skgiuss dhestru`sk dhestru`sk o o`e `e gaes gaeshpsk hpsk ?. Gaeshpsk Gaeshpsk hdfrkaiamk, hdfrkaiamk, phr phrtudfub tudfub`e `e o`e phrghd phrghdf`em` f`em`e e l`eke pi`sh pi`shet` et` 8. Ohchr Ohchrhes hesk`s k`skk sshgs hgsu`i u`i,, 3. ^hrtudfub` ^hrtudfub`e e o`e o`e phrghdf phrghdf`em`e `em`e d`eus d`eusk` k` =. @o`pt` @o`pt`sk sk l`e l`eke ke hgstr` hgstr` ut uthrk hrkeh eh 2. Chrtki Chrtkikt` kt`ss o`e kech kechrtk rtkikt ikt`s `s ;. Kdueaiamk Kdueaiamk heoagrkeaiam heoagrkeaiamkk o`i`d prashs prashs rhpr rhpraougsk aougsk d`eusk` d`eusk` 0>. Gaeshp kduekt`s o`i`d tufub o`e sksthd kdue sphskckg o`e eae sphskckg, `etk `etkfaok faok `etk sphrd` (@Z@) Oh Ohsg sgrk rkpsk psk Zkem Zkemg` g`tt DG

D`thrk ^hdfhi`l`r`e/ ^agag F`b`s`e

D`t` D`t` guik`b guik`b kek dhdf dhdfhr hrkg kg`e `e phem phemht ht`b `bu` u`e, e, gh ghtr tr`d `dpk pki` i`e e o` o`e e `e`i `e`iks ksks ks thar tharkk th thet et`e `em m fkai fkaiam amkk (^hr (^hrgh ghdf df`e `em` m`e e arm` arm`e, e, rhpraougsk i`gk-i`gk o`e w`ekt`,Cuemsk arm`e rhpraougsk i`gk-i`gk o`e w`ekt`,Bardae rhpraougsk, skgius dhestru`sk o`e gaeshpsk,Gaeshpsk hdfrkaiamk, phrtudfub`e o`e phrghdf`em`e l`eke pi`shet`,Ohchrhesk`sk shgsu`i,,^hrtudfub`e o`e  phrghdf`em`e d`eusk`,@o`pt`sk l`eke hgstr` uthrkeh,Chrtkikt`s o`e kechrtkikt`s,Kdueaiamk heoagrkeaiamk o`i`d prashs rhpraougsk d`eusk`) Kdueaiamk o`s`r ( phem`et`r phem`et`r kdueaiamk d`eusk`, gaeshp kduekt`s o`i`d tufub,sksthd kdue eae sphskc sphskckg, kg,kdu kdue e sphskc sphskckg@ kg@etk etkfao faokk `et `etksp ksphrd hrd`` (@ (@Z@) Z@)). ). ^`o ^`o`` d`t d`t`` guik`b guik`b kek lum` lum` dhi dhi`tk `tkb b d`b d`b`sk `sksw` sw` d`d d`dpu pu dhdpr`gthgg`e shj`r` ghiadpag ok i`far`tarkud thet`em kidu fkaiamk rhpraougsk. 0. ^hrghdf`em` ^hrghdf`em`e e arm`e, arm`e, rhpraoug rhpraougsk sk i`gk-i` i`gk-i`gk gk o`e o`e w`e w`ekt` kt` 6. Cuemsk arm`e rhpraougsk rhpraougsk i`gk-i i`gk-i`gk `gk o`e o`e w`ek w`ekt` t`

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

:. ?. 8. 3. =. 2. ;. ^ust`g`

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Bardae Bardae rhpr rhpraougsk aougsk,, skgiu skgiuss dhestru`sk dhestru`sk o o`e `e gaes gaeshpsk hpsk Gaeshpsk Gaeshpsk hdfrkaiamk, hdfrkaiamk, phr phrtudfub tudfub`e `e o`e phrghd phrghdf`em` f`em`e e l`eke pi`sh pi`shet` et` Ohchr Ohchrhes hesk`s k`skk sshgs hgsu`i u`i,, ^hrtudfub` ^hrtudfub`e e o`e o`e phrghdf phrghdf`em`e `em`e d`eus d`eusk` k` @o`pt` @o`pt`sk sk l`e l`eke ke hgstr` hgstr` ut uthrk hrkeh eh Chrtki Chrtkikt` kt`ss o`e kech kechrtk rtkikt ikt`s `s Kdueaiamk Kdueaiamk heoagrkeaiam heoagrkeaiamkk o`i`d prashs prashs rhpr rhpraougsk aougsk d`eusk` d`eusk`

0>. Gaeshp Gaeshp kduekt`s kduekt`s o`i`d tufub o`e skst sksthd hd kdue sphskckg sphskckg o`e eae sphsk sphskckg, ckg, `etk `etkfaok faok `etk sphr sphrd` d` (@Z@ (@Z@)) Xt`d` 0. F`hty @,E, (6>00). Fkaiamk (6>00). Fkaiamk Vhpraougsk Ghb`dki`e o`e ^hrs`ike`e ^hrs`ike`e,, [amy`g`rt`, Mr`b` Kidu 6. Zud`ok, (6>>=).Fkaiamk Zhi. [amy`g`rt` < Mr`b` Kidu

^heouguem 0. Fhbrd`e, Fhbrd`e, Gikhmd`e Gikhmd`e o`e @rvke( @rvke(6>>>). 6>>>). Kidu  Kidu Ghshb`t`e @e`g, okthrlhd`bg`e. okthrlhd`bg`e. L`g`rt`< ^hehrfkt Fugu Ghoagthr`e. 6. Axare Axare B o` o`e e Car Carth th ]V. ]V. (6>0 (6>0>). >). Kidu  Kidu Ghfko`e`e ^`taiamk o`e Ckskaiamk ^hrs`ike`e ^hrs`ike`e.. [amy`g`rt`< [`y`s`e Hsshetkg` Dhokj`.

Dhok` ^h ^hdfhi`l`r`e

_h`d _h`jbkem

D`t` Guik`b Zy`r`t

:. F`r`t`wko F`r`t`wkol`l` l`l`,, G.M., Vhemm`eks, Vhemm`eks, K. K.(( 6>0:). 6>0:). Kdueaiamk O`s`r , Hoksk gh-0>, CGXK, L`g`rt` ^hr`emg`t Ghr`s ^hr`emg`t Iu Iue`g   I`ptap, Zd`rtpbaeh ]kck (gaehgsk kethreht), Zikoh pawhr paket, \aad dhhtkem, MJ, ]@M, _hihmr`d mraup 0. Ksrk E`skc`b, Z.Zk._.,D.Ghf 6. @rk ]koy`ekemsk ]koy`ekemskb b Z.Zk_.,D._ Z.Zk_.,D._rGhf rGhf :. Ksc Ksc`kz `kz`b `b Z.Z Z.Zk_. k_.,D^ ,D^B B D`t` Guik`b O`s`r  

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Dke mmu gh-

0

Zuf J^ DG ( shf`m`k ghd`epu`e `gbkr y`em ok b`r`pg`e ) 6 Zuf J^DG 0< D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk ^hrghdf`em`e arm`e rhpraougsk prk` o`e w`ekt` arm`e rhpraougsk

Ea. Vhvksk >

Keokg`tar

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Grkthrk` o`e fhetug pheki`k`e

: Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e o`e

? Grkthrk`< Vufrkg

dheuelugg`e f`mk`e f`mk`e o`rk< 0. Arm`e Arm`e rhpr rhpraou aougsk gsk p`o` p`o` pr prk` k` F`mk`e iu`r o`e o`i`d 6. Arm`e Arm`e rhpra rhpraoug ougsk sk p`o` p`o` w`ekt` w`ekt`  f`mk`e o`i`d

^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud  

Dhtaoh phdfhi`l`r`

Mukoho Muk oho

8 Oksjav Oksjavhry hry

Ih Ih`re `rekem kem

(^LL) o`e ZMO G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghi ghiadp adpag, ag, dhe dheyus yusue ue d`t d`thr hrkk  prhshet`sk o`e dhdket` d`b`sksw` dhdprhshet`skg`e. Ghiadp Ghi adpag ag 0< `e` `e`tad tadkk arm`e arm`e rhpraougsk prk` f`mk`e iu`r o`e o`i`d Ghiadp Ghi adpag ag 6 < `e` `e`tad tadkk arm`e arm`e rhpraougsk rhpra ougsk w`ekt` f`mk` f`mk`e e iu`r  o`e o`i`d GD< 0x 3>‛(d 3>‛(dhrhsu hrhsudh dh d`thrk d`thrk y`em `g`e o`t`em ^r`gthg Ohdaet Ohd aetr`s r`skk o`rkem

< pr`gtkgud ohem`e ohem`e dht dhtaoh aoh





 

D`thrk phdfhi`l`r`e pust`g`

Fafat pheki` k`e ( %)

3

=

Arm`e

=

rhpraougsk  p`o`  prk`F`mk`e iu`r o`e o`i`d Arm`e rhpraougsk  p`o` w`ekt`  f`mk`e o`i`d FX 0, 6 F^ 6

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

GD40 x 0>>‛ (shtk`p (shtk `p d`b`s d`b`sksw` ksw` dhemb`c`i dhemb`c`i sh shj` j`r` r` fhrm fhrm`e `etk tk`e `e `e`t `e`t`d `dkk arm` arm`e e rhpr rhprao aous usgk gk prk prk o`e o`e w`ekt`) ^hem`dpu < @rk ]koy`ekemskb Z.Zk._.,D._r.Ghf @ < V`fu, 0/;/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, :0/2/6>60 J < G`dks, 6/;/6>60 O < Zheke, :>/2/6>60

6

Zuf J^DG 6< D`b`sks D`b `sksw` w` d`d d`dpu pu dhd` dhd`b` b`dk dk Cuem Cuemsk sk arm`e arm` e rhpraugsk rhpraugsk prk` o`e w`ekt`

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e o`e Grkthrk`< Vufrkg dhehr`emg`e ghdf`ik thet`em ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e 0. Cuemsk arm`e rhpraougsk prk` o`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg w`ekt`  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

Mukoho Oksjav Mukoho Oksjavhry hry Ih Ih`re `rekem kem (^LL) o`e ZMO G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ Dheyus Dhe yusue ue d`t d`thrk hrk prhshe prhshet`s t`skk o` o`e e dh dhd dket` ket` d` d`b` b`sk sksw sw`` dhdprhshet`skg`e. cuemsk /ckskaiamkarm`e rhpraougsk prk` o`e w`ekt`) GD< 0x 3>‛(d 3>‛(dhrhsu hrhsudh dh d`thrk d`thrk y`em `g`e o`t`em ^r`gthg

<

pr`gtkgud



 

Cuemsk arm`e rhpraougsk  prk` o`e w`ekt` FX 0, 6 F^ 6

=

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Ohdaet Ohd aetr`s r`skk ohem`e ohem`e dht dhtaoh aoh o`rkem GD40 x 0>>‛ (shtk`p (shtk `p d`b`s d`b`sksw` ksw` dhemb`c`i dhemb`c`i shj`r` ckskaiamk arm`e rhpraousgk prk o`e w`ekt`) ^hem`dpu < @rk ]koy`ekemskb Z.Zk._.,D._r.Ghf (@]) @ < V`fu, 2/;/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, =/;/6>60 J < G`dks, ;/;/6>60 O < Zheke, 3/;/6>60

:

Zuf J^DG :< D`b`sks D`b `sksw` w` d`d d`dpu pu dhd`b`dk Bardae rhpraougsk, i`gk-i`gk o`e w`ekt`skgius dhestru`sk

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e o`e dheh dhehr` r`em emg` g`e e gh ghdf df`i `ikk thet thet`e `em m  prashs< 0. Ba Bard rdae ae rhpr rhprao aougs ugskk i`gk i`gk-i -i`g `gkk o`e w`ekt` 6. Zkgius Zkgius dhestru`sk dhestru`sk

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud  

ZMO (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dhdf`mk dhel`ok : ghi ghiadp adpag, ag, dhe dheysus ysuse e d`t d`thr hrkk  prhshet`ok o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em< Ghiadpag 080:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Ghiadpag :< skgius dhetru`sk GD< 0x 3>‛(dh 3>‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`gthg < ^r`gtkgud , Ohdaet Ohd aetr`s r`skk ohem`e ohem`e dht dhtaoh aoh o`rkem GD40x0>>‛ (shtk`p (shtk `p d`b`s d`b`sksw` ksw` dhemb`c`i dhemb`c`i sh shj` j`r` r` fhrm fhrm`e `etk tk`e `e barda bardaeh eh rhprao rhpraougsk ugsk,, skgius skgius dhe dhetru tru`sk `sk o`e gaeshpsk) ^hem`dpu < Ksc`kz`b Z.Zk_.,D^B (KZC) @ < V`fu, 08/;/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, 0?/;/6>60 J < G`dks, 03/;/6>60 O < Zheke, 0:/;/6>60

?

Zuf J^DG ?< D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk Gaeshpsk Chrtkiks`sk Hdfrkaiamk,  phrtudfub`e o`e  phrghdf`em`e l`eke

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e o`e dhehr`emg`e ghdf`ik < 0. Gaeshps pskk 6. Chrt Chrtki kiks ks`s `skk :. Hdfr dfrkaia kaiamk mk ?. ^hrtud ^hrtudfub` fub`e e , ph phrgh rghdf` df`em` em`e e

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug<

Mu Muko koho ho Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y ih ih`r `rek ekem em (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag  oh ohem em`e `e sh shttk` k`p p gh ghia iadp dpag  ag 





Hdfrkaiamk ^hrtudfub`e ,  phrghdf`em`e  l`eke pi`shet`

2

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

 pi`shet`,

Ea. Vhvksk >

 l`eke pi`shet`

_`emm`i_hrfkt

 

 

^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud

dheyusue d`thrk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em< Ghiadpag 0< Gaeshpsk, Chrtkiks`sk hdfrkaiamk, ghiadpag ghiadp ag 6< phrtu phrtudfub`e dfub`e o`e  phrghdf`e`e l`eke, ,pi`shet`) GD< 0x 3>‛(dh 3>‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`gtkgud< ^r`gt kgud< Ohdae Ohdaetr`s tr`skk shj`r shj`r`` o`rkem GD40x0>>‛ (shtk`p d`b`sksw` dhelhi`sg`e ghdf`ik thet`em hdfryamhehs hdfry amhehsks, ks, phrtu phrtudfub`e dfub`e oe` oe` phrg phrghd hdf` f`em em`e `e l` l`ek eke, e,  pi`shet` o`e tudf`em d`eusk`) ^hem ^hem`d `dpu pu < Ksrk Ksrk E` E`sk skc` c`b, b, Z.Zk._.,D.Ghf (KE) @ < V`fu, 66/;/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, 60/;/6>60 J < G`dks, 6:/;/6>60 O < Zheke, 6>/;/6>60



FX 0, 6



F^ 6

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

8.

Zuf J^DG 8< D`b`sks D`b `sksw` w` d`d d`dpu pu dhd`b`dk ohchrhesk`sk shgsu`i

Ea. Vhvksk >

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e 0. Ohchrh Ohchrhesk esk`sk `sk shg shgsu` su`ii

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk

Mu Muko koho ho Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y ih ih`r `rek ekem em (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dheyusue d`thrk ohchrhesk`sk shgsu`i) GD< 0x 3>‛(dh 3>‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk

^r`gtkgud

y`em `g`e o`t`em)



=

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^r`gtkgud< ^r`gt kgud< Ohdae Ohdaetr`s tr`skk shj`r shj`r`` o`rkem (shtk`p d`b`sksw` dhelhi`sg`e sh shj` j`r` r` fhrm fhrm`e `etk tk ohch ohchrh rhes esk` k`sk sk shgsu`i). ^hem`dpu < Ksc`kz`b Z.Zk_.,D^B (KZC) @ < V`fu, 6;/;/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, 62/;/6>60 J < G`dks, :>/;/6>60 O < Zheke, 6=/;/6>60

3

Zuf J^DG 3< D`b`sks D`b `sksw` w` d`d d`dpu pu dhd`b`dk  phrtudfub`e o`e  phrghdf`em`e

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e o`e Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e dhehr`emg`e ghdf`ik  phesgar`e, rufrkg 0. ^hrtud ^hrtudfub` fub`e e d`eusk d`eusk``  pr`gtkgud 6. ^hrghd ^hrghdf`e f`em`e m`e d`e d`eusk usk``

Mu Muko koho ho Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛

ih ih`r `rek ekem em



^hrtudfub`e ,  phrghdf`em`e  l`eke pi`shet`

2

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

d`eusk`

_`emm`i_hrfkt

  Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

(Dheyusue d`thrk ohchrhesk`sk shgsu`i) GD< 0x 3>‛(dh 3>‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`gtkgud< ^r`gt kgud< Ohdae Ohdaetr`s tr`skk shj`r shj`r`` o`rkem



_udf`em



D`eusk`



FX 0, 6



F^ 6

(shtk`p d`b`sksw` dhelhi`sg`e sh shj` j`r` r` fhrm fhrm`e `etk tk ohch ohchrh rhes esk` k`sk sk shgsu`i). ^hem`dpu < Ksc`kz`b Z.Zk_.,D^B (KZC) @ < V`fu, 3/0>/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, 8/0>/6>60 J < G`dks, =/0>/6>60 O < Zheke, ?/0>/6>60

=

Zuf J^DG =< D`b`sks D`b `sksw` w` d`d d`dpu pu dhd`b`dk dhd`b `dk @o`pt @o`pt`sk `sk  l`eke hgstr` uthrkeh

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e< 0. Ikemgu Ikemguem` em`e e ketr` ketr`uth uthrke rke 6. Ikemgu Ikemguem` em`e e hgstr` hgstr`uth uthrke rke :. @o @o`p `pt` t`sk sk l`ek l`eke e

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

Mu Muko koho ho Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y ih ih`r `rek ekem em (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dheyu (Dh eyusue sue d`t d`thrk hrk `o` `o`pt` pt`sk sk sksthd phrho`r`eo`r`b , sksthd  phre`c`s`e, phruf`b`e dht`faiksdh l`eke gh







Ikemguem`e ketr`uthrke Ikemguem`e hgtr`uthrkeh @o`pt`sk l`eke

=

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

hgtr`uthrke) GD< 0x 3>‛(dh 3>‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk y`em `g`e o`t`em)



FX 0, 6



F^ 6



Chrtkikt`s



Kechrtkikt`s



FX 0, 6



F^ 6

^r`gtkgud< ^r`gt kgud< Ohdae Ohdaetr`s tr`skk shj`r shj`r`` o`rkem (shtk`p d`b`sksw` dhelhi`sg`e sh shj` j`r` r` fhrm fhrm`e `etk tk shgsu`i).

ohch ohchrh rhes esk` k`sk sk

^hem`dpu < Ksc`kz`b Z.Zk_.,D^B (KZC) @ < V`fu, 0:/0>/ 6>60 F < Zhi`s`, 06/0>/6>60 J < G`dks, 0?/0>/6>60 O < Zheke, 00/0>/6>60 Xlk`e _hem`b Zhdhsthre (02 -6? Agtafhr6>60)

2 ;

Zuf J^DG 2< D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk, chrtkikt`s o`e kechrtkikt`s,

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e< 0. Chrtki Chrtkikt` kt`s, s, 6. Kec Kechrt hrtkik kikt`s t`s

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

Mu Muko koho ho Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y ih ih`r `rek ekem em (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghi ghiadp adpag, ag, dhe dheyus yusue ue d`t d`thr hrkk  prhshet`ok o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em <

=

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Gh Ghia iadp dpag ag 060 F < 63/0>/6>60 J < 62/0>/6>60 O < 68/0>/6>60

0>

Zuf J^DG ; < Gh Ghthp thp`t` `t`e e dhe dhelhi lhi`sg `sg`e `e o`e D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhey dheyhf hfut utg` g`e e gh ghdf df`i `ikk o` o`i` i`d d dhelhi`sg`e  prg`tkgud thet`em < Kdueaiamk, 0. ^he ^hem`e m`et`r t`r Kdue Kdueaia aiamk mk Kd Kdue uea aia iam mk o`e 6. Kdu Kdueai eaiamk amk o`i o`i`d `d pra prashs shs heoagrkeaiamk

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud  

@rk

Jaethxtu`i ih`rekem (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>‛ G^_< 0x 3>‛ (Dhdf`mk dhel`ok : ghi ghiadp adpag, ag, dhe dheyus yusue ue d`t d`thr hrkk





^hem`et`r kdueaiamk Kdueaiamk o`i`d prashs rhpraougsk

2

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

o`i`d prashs rhpraougsk d`eusk`

Ea. Vhvksk >

rhpraougsk d`eusk` :. Heoag Heoagrkeai rkeaiamk amk o`i`d o`i`d prashs prashs rhpraougsk d`eusk`

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 



 prhshet`sk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em < Ghiadpag 0‛(dhrhs rhsud ud d`t d`thr hrkk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`gtkgud< Ohdaetr`sk (dhelhi`sg (dhel hi`sg`e `e ghdf`ik ghdf`ik ohem`e dhemmu dhe mmue`g e`g`e `e vkoha vkoha the thet`e t`em m rh`gsk kdueaiamk) GD40x0>>‛ ^hem`dpu < ]k ]koy oy`e `eke kem msk skb, b, D._r.Ghf (@]) @ < :/00/ 6>60 F < 6/00/6>60 J < ?/00/6>60 O < 0/00/6>60  

00

Zuf J^DG 0><

Ghthp`t`e Ghth p`t`e dhelh dhelhi`sg` i`sg`e e o`e

Grkthrk` Grkthrk`80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk d`eusk` gaeshp kduekt`s o`i`d tufub d`eusk`, Zksthd kdue eae sphskckg o`e sphskckg, @etkfaoy @etksphrd` (@Z@)

06

Zuf J^DG 0><

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

dhem`e`iksks thet`em< 0. Gaeshp o`i`d o`i`d tufub, y`em dhikputk< `. ^hemhr ^hemhrtk` tk`e e kdu kdueai eaiamk amk  f. D`j`d-d`j`d kdue j. Cuemsk Cuemsk kdue kdue p p`o` `o` d`e d`eusk usk`` 6. Gaeshp kduekt`s o`i`d o`i`d tufub

^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< 0. ^rhs ^rhshe het` t`sk sk 6. ^r` ^r`gtkg gtkgud ud

d`eusk`, y`em dhikputk< `. ^hemhrtk`e  f. Lheks kdue j. Cuemsk o. Gadpaehe h. Kdueks`sk c. ghi`ke`e

Ghthp`t`e

dhelhi`sg`e

(^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>det G^_ < 0 x 3> det (Dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag, ghiadp ag, dheyu dheyusue sue d`th d`thrk rk  prhshet`sk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em<

kdueaiamk d`eusk`, y`em dhikputk< `.^hemhrtk`e kdueaiamk  f.D`j`d-

Gh Ghia iadp dpag ag 060 F < ;/00/6>60 J < 00/00/6>60 O < 2/00/6>60 o`e Grkthrk`< Vufrkg

Mukoho Oksjavhry ih`rekem



 

8

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk d`eusk`  gaeshp kd kdue uekt kt`s `s o` o`i` i`d d tuf ufub ub d`eu d`eusk sk``, Zkst Zksthd hd kd kdue ue eae sphskckg o`e sphskckg, @etkfaoy sphskckg, @etkfaoy @etksphrd` (@Z@)

Ea. Vhvksk >

dhem`e`iks dhem` e`iksks ks thet`em thet`em sksthd sksthd kdue sphskc sphskckg kg (`i`dk (`i`dk)) o`e eae sphskc sphskcg  g  (`o`pt (`o`ptkc) kc) o`i o`i`d `d tufub tufub d`e d`eusk usk`, `, y`em dhikputk< `. phe phemhr mhrtk` tk`e e  f. lheks j. cu cuem emsk sk o. gh ghi` i`ke ke`e `e

_`emm`i_hrfkt

^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

(^LL) G_D det G^_ < 0x 3> det _um`s < (dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag, ghiadp ag, dheyu dheyusue sue d`th d`thrk rk shdke`r o`e dhdprhshet`skg` dhdprhshet `skg`e e thet` thet`em em ’ Gh Ghia iadp dpag ag 0< syst systhd hd kdue kdue sphskckg Gh Ghia iadp dpag ag 6< sys ystthd ea eae e sphskckg p`o` tufub d`eusk`) GD < 0 x 3> dhekt (dhrhsud d`thrk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`gtkgud< ^FI shj`r` o`rkem (d`b`s (d` b`sksw ksw`` dhej`r dhej`rkk g`s g`sus us the thet`e t`em m rh rh`gs `gskk sksthd sksthd kdue kdue o`e o`e dh dhem em`e `e`i `iks ks`e `ey` y` o`e o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e ok i`f) GD40x0>>‛ ^hem`dpu ^hem`d pu < Ksrk Ksrk E`skc` E`skc`b, b, Z.Zk._.,D.Ghf (KE) @ < 0=/00/ 6>60 F < 03/00/6>60



 

sksthd kdue sphskckg (`i`dk) o`e eae sphskcg (`o`ptkc) o`i`d tufub d`eusk` FX 0, 6 F^ 6, :

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

J < 02/00/6>60 O < 08/00/6>60

0:

Zuf J^DG 0><

D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk d`eusk` gaeshp kduekt`s o`i`d tufub d`eusk`, Zksthd kdue eae sphskckg o`e sphskckg, @etkfaoy @etksphrd` (@Z@)

0. Oh Ohck ckek eksk sk

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud

Mukoho Mukoh o Oksja Oksjavhry vhry ih`r ih`rekem, ekem, ZMO (^LL) G_D < 6 x 8>det G^_ < 6 x 3> det

6. :. ?. 8.

  Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud

_um`s < Dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag, ghiadp ag, dheys dheysuse use d`th d`thrk rk  prhshet`sk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em< Ghiadpag 0< g aeshp aeshp `etk mhe

Ghthp`t`e dhelhi`sg`e o`e dhem`e`iksks Gaeshp `etk mhe (@m) o`e `etkfaok (@f), y`em dhikputk<

Lhe Lheks ks ``etk etkmhe mhe Cuemsk Cuemsk `etk `etkmhe mhe Bufuem`e Bufuem`e `etkmhe `etkmhe ‚` ‚`etkfao etkfaokk Bufuem`e Bufuem`e `etafaok `etafaok-`etk -`etkmhe mhe



(@m) Ghiadpag 6< `etkfaoy (@f)

GD < 0 x 3> dhekt (dhrhsud d`thrk y`em `g`e o`t`em) ^r`g ^r`gtk tkgu gud d < ^F ^FI I sh shj` j`r` r` o`rkem (dhej`rk g`sus phey`gkt o`e dhem`i`sks bufuem`e `etkmhe o`e `etkfaoyey`) GD40x0>>‛ ^hem`dpu < @rk ]koy`ekemskb



  





 

@etk mhe (@m) o`e `etkfaok (@f), y`em dhikputk< Ohckeksk Lheks `etkmhe Cuemsk `etkmhe Bufuem`e `etkmhe ‚  `etkfaok Bufuem`e `etafaok`etkmhe FX 6 F^ 0,6

8

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

Z.Zk_.D_r.Ghf (@]) @ < 6?/00/ 6>60 F < 6:/00/6>60 J < 68/00/6>60 O < 66/00/6>60

0?

Zuf J^DG 0><

Ghthp`t`e o`i`d dhelhi`sg`e

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg

Mukoho

D`b`sksw` d`dpu dhd`b`dk d`eusk`  gaeshp kd kdue uekt kt`s `s o` o`i` i`d d tuf ufub ub d`eu d`eusk sk``, Zkst Zksthd hd kd kdue ue eae sphskckg o`e sphskckg, sphsk ckg, @etkfaoy @etkfaoy @etksphrd` (@Z@)

0. @etkfaok @etkfaok sphrd`

^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud

Ok Oksj sjav avhr hry y ih ih`r `rek ekem em,, ZM ZMO O (^LL) G_D < 0 x 8>det G^_ < 0 x 3> det (dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag, ghiadp ag, dheyu dheyusue sue d`th d`thrk rk  prhshet`sk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em< `etkfaoy sphrd`) GD < 0 x 3> dhekt (dhrhsud (dhrh sud d`thrk d`thrk y`em `g`e o`t`em)



^r`g ^r`gtk tkgu gud d < ^F ^FI I sh shj` j`r` r` o`rkem (dhej`rk (dhej `rk g`sus g`sus rh`gs rh`gskk kdue kdueai aiam amkk rh rhpr prao aoug ugsk sk o`e o`e dhem`e`iksks rh`gsk kdueaiamk



@etkfaok



@etk sphrd` FX 6 F^ 0,6



8

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

rhpraougsk,dheoksguskg`e  fhrs`d` oki`f) GD40x0>>‛ ^hem`dpu <  Ksrk E`skc`b Z.Zk_.,D.Ghf @ < 0/06/ 6>60 F < :>/00/6>60 J < 6/06/6>60 O < 6;/00/6>60

08

Zuf J^DG 0><

Ghthp`t`e dhelhi`sg`e< D`b`sksw` d`dpu 0. Kduea Kduea prac pracki` ki`gsk gsks, s, y`e y`em m dhd`b`dk dhikputk< d`eusk`  gaeshp `. Oh Ohcckeks kekskk kd kdue uekt kt`s `s o` o`i` i`d d  f. Cuemsk kdueapracki`gsks tuf ufub ub d`eu d`eusk sk``, 6. Kduek Kduekt`s, t`s, y`em dhikputk< dhikputk< Zkst Zksthd hd kd kdue ue eae `. Oh Ohcckeks kekskk sphskckg o`e  f. D`ec``t sphskckg, sphsk ckg, @etkfaoy @etkfaoy j. Vhsp Vhspae ae kd kdue ue @etksphrd` (@Z@) o. Lh Lhek ekss kkdu due e

Grkthrk`< Vufrkg ^rhshet`sk, phoad`e  phesgar`e, rufrkg  pr`gtkgud   Fhetug< ^rhshet`sk ^r`gtkgud 

Mukoho Oksjavhry ih`rekem (^LL) G_D 70 x 8>det G^_ < 0 x 3> det (dhdf`mk dhel`ok 6 ghiadpag, dheyusue d`thrk  prhsht`sk o`e dhdprhshet`skg`e thet`em < Ghiadpag 0< kdueaprcki`gsks Ghiadpag 6< kduekt`s) GD < 0 x 3> dhekt  (Dhdfu`t rhsudh d`j`dd`j`d kduekt`s o`i`d tufub) ^r`gtkgud < ^FI shj`r` o`rkem

Kduea  pracki`gsks, y`em dhikputk< `.Ohckeksk  f.Cuemsk kdueapracki`gs ks Kduekt`s, y`em dhikputk< `.Ohckeksk  f.D`ec``t j.Vhspae kdue o.Lheks kdue FX 6 F^ 0,6 



 

8

 

XEKSHVZK_@Z EMXOK ]@IX[A LI. MHOAEMZAEMA ‚ J@EOKVHLA ‚XEM@V@E F@V@_ G@F. ZHD@V@EM 8>80:

CAVDXIKV Vhej`e`^hdfhi`l`r`e Vhej`e`^hd fhi`l`r`e Zhdhsthr ( V^Z ) Ea. Oagudhe CD->0-@GO->8

Ea. Vhvksk >

_`emm`i_hrfkt

(dhem`e`iksks g`sus g`sus ghfko`e`e thet`em kdueapracki`gsks o`e dheoksguskg`e ok i`f) GD40x0>>‛ ^hem`dpu < @rk ]koy`ekemskb Z.Zk_.,D._r.Ghf (@]) @ < 2/06/ 6>60 F < =/06/6>60 J < ;/06/6>60 O < 3/06/6>60

03

Xlk`e @gbkr Zhdhsthr 0= Ohshdfhr 6>60

Gadpaehe ^heki`k`e<

0. ^heum`s`e

< :8 %

6. X_Z

< :> %

:. X@Z

< :8 %