Roles en El Proceso Penal.2

 

Be Bhbrfkfkl mb els Ylebs bd be ^rlfbsl ^bdoe 

Kdtrlmuffköd Eos `orodtáos y els mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs sb bdfubdtrod kdabrsls bd tlml be bhbrfkfkl mbe kus pudkbdmk, bs mbfkr, bd eo kdmo`ofköd, eo kdvbstk`ofköd y be huz`oakbdtl mb oftls mb doturoebzo pbdoe. Mbdtrl mb bstls trbs foapls sb bstkpueod jlraos y prlfbmkakbdtls rb`eomls qub mbtbrakdod eo aodbro bd qub mbibd fldfrbtorsb, rbfldlfbrsb, prltb`brsb y `orodtkzorsb mb ljkfkl els mbrbfcls. Bd fosl mb dl cofbrel, eo pbrsldo fubdto fld els abmkls humkfkoebs poro bxk`krels, plr abmkl mb eos dlraos  hurámkfos opekfoiebs opekfoiebs y mb els trotomls kdtbrdofkldoebs kdtbrdofkldoebs qub rb`ueod eo oftkvkmom bstotoe. bstotoe. Osá bd be mbsorrleel mbe prlfbsl, prlfbsl, eos dlraos qub fldjlraod fldjlraod be ielqub mb fldstktufkldoekmom flapldbd be skstbao hurámkfl opekfoieb todtl bd eo btopo mb kdmo`ofköd b kdvbstk`ofköd flal bd fomo udo mb eos oumkbdfkos qub sb mbsorrleeod bd be prlfbsl8 mbsmb eos oumkbdfkos prbekakdorbs qub fuapebd eo judfköd mb prltb`br eos `orodtáos y mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs fld rbeofköd o els oftls mb kdvbstk`ofköd, mb flaudkfofköd l mb rbstrkffköd mb mbrbfcls y eos oumkbdfkos o umkbdfkos prlpkos mb eo btopo mb  hukfkl (ofusofköd, (ofusofköd, prbporotlrko, hukfkl hukfkl lroe, ebfturo mb joeel b kdfkmbdtb kdfkmbdtb mb rbporofköd rbporofköd kdtb`roe) costo oqubeeos qub mbtbrakdod prlfbmkakbdtls oirbvkomls poro mor plr tbrakdoml odtkfkpomoabdtb be prlfbsl pbdoe. Mbsmb be pudtl mb vksto eo Eby ;>: mb 9>>=, be prlfbsl pbdoe ofusotlrkl bs ud skstbao mb kdtbrvbdfköd rlebs, bd be fuoe els mbrbfcls y eos `orodtáos mb els suhbtls prlfbsoebs b kdtbrvkdkbdtbs voráod sb`ød eo prbtbdsköd qub tkbdb fomo oftlr mbdtrl mbe aksal, plr toe fomo udl mb beels tkbdb udo jlrao mb portkfkpofköd jrbdtb oe bhbrfkfkl mb eo offköd pbdoe y oe aksal tkbapl mbibd flaplrtorsb mb ofubrml oe rle qub mbtbrakdo su oftkvkmom, mb toe jlrao qub be bhbrfkfkl mbe oftl prlfbsoe rbspbtb els prlfbmkakbdtls y `orodtáos bstoiebfkmls y qub qub tkbdb flal jkdoekmom fuapekr fld eo prbsbrvofköd mbe Bstoml Vlfkoe mb Mbrbfcl. O fldtkduofköd sb mbsfrkikrïd eos prkdfkpoebs foroftbrástkfos mb eos portbs b kdtbrvkdkbdtbs mbdtrl mbe prlfbsl pbdoe bd fldflrmodfko fld eo Eby ;>: mb 9>>=, sb prljudmkzorï bd eo jk`uro y eo e o kdtbrvbdfköd mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be prlfbsl pbdoe.

?-  Jksfoeáo Vb bdfubdtro iohl be prkdfkpkl ofusotlrkl be jksfoe oftøo bd eo iosb mb eo pkrïakmb judfkldoe bd fldtroplskfköd o eo mbjbdso. Vu prbsbdfko bd be prlfbsl pbdoe pubmb kmbdtkjkforsb iohl mls ospbftls8 ?.  flal ör`odl mbe oporotl bstotoe mb pbrsbfufköd y ofusofköd 9.  Vuhbtl mb eo bstrufturo prlfbsoe, l flal portb mbdtrl mbe m be prlfbsl pbdoe.

 

  Judfkldbs  

Kdmo`or slirb els cbfcls cbfcls y iusfo eos bvkmbdfkos bvkmbdfkos l abmkls prliotlrkls, fld eo portkfkpofköd mb eo plekfáo humkfkoe   Zbeor plr eo prltbffköd mb eos váftkaos dbfbsorkos poro eo otbdfköd mb eos váftkaos, váftkaos, eo `orodtáo   Omlptor eos abmkmos dbfbsorkos mb su sb`urkmom pbrsldoe y joakekor, y eo prltbffköd jrbdtb o tlmo puiekfkmom qub kapekqub ojbftofköd mb su kdtkakmom

Oftuofköd mbe jksfoe Be jksfoe mbib flkdfkmkr fld els jkdbs mbe prlfbsl pbdoe, plr todtl mbib rb`krsb plr els sk`ukbdtbs prkdfkpkls aádkals8 ?.  9.  6.  =. 

^rkdfkpkl mb eb`oekmom ^rkdfkpkl mb lplrtudkmom ^rkdfkpkl mb lihbtkvkmom ^rkdfkpkl mb rbspldsoikekmom

2.  ^rkdfkpkl mb kdmkvkskikekmom :.  ^rkdfkpkl mb rbspbtl mb els oftls prlpkls

9-  Hubz Eo Fldstktufköd ^leátkfo, oe omlptor be Vkstbao ^bdoe Ofusotlrkl frbo eo jk`uro mb ud  hubz qub bs ud tbrfbrl kaporfkoe plr fuodtl be skstbao ofusotlrkl o fusotlrkl y omvbrsorkoe bs mbfkr bxkstbd mls portbs bd mbiotb y o fuoebs iusfod mbalstror udls cbfcls o trovës mb eos prubios y mb eo e o fldstruffköd mb oeb`otls poro be fldvbdfkakbdtl mbe hubz Be hubz `orodtkzo qub qub eos portbs tbd`od k`uoemom mb lplrtudkmombs, bs be mkrbftlr y aïxkao outlrkmom mbe prlfbsl y sbÿoeo eos rb`eos y mbrrltbrls mb rofkldoekmom mbe mbiotb. Mbsmb bstb pudtl be Hubz sb judmoabdto bd mls flapldbdtbs ❚ 

Kdtbrvkbdb bd eo kdvbstk`ofköd poro vbrkjkfor eo fldstktufkldoekmom f ldstktufkldoekmom kdvbstk`ofköd y eb`oekmom mb els oftls qub mbsorrleeo eo Jksfoeáo, y be rbspbtl o els mbrbfcls mb els vkdfueomls. oumkbdfkos sb rbspbtbd rbspbtbd els mbrbfcls be hukfkl, mb ❚  Bd be hukfkl, fukmo qub bd eos oumkbdfkos eos portbs b kdtbrvkdkbdtbs y mb eos váftkaos.

6-  Hubz mb Fldtrle mb @orodtáos ]kbdb flal judfköd bsbdfkoe fldtrleor qub els oftls mb kdvbstk`ofköd mbsorrleeomls plr eo plekfáo humkfkoe, bd fuapekakbdtl mb eos örmbdbs baktkmos plr be jksfoe mkrbftlr mb eo aksao, qub kapekqubd ekaktofkldbs o els mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs sb ohustbd o

 

eo Fldstktufköd y o eo eby, plr flapbtbdfko flapbtbdfko o els hubfbs pbdoebs audkfk audkfkpoebs poebs y o els  hubfbs prlaksfuls audkfkpoebs. Bd fuapekakbdtl mb bso aksköd outlrkzo fuoequkbr abmkmo qub kapekqub ojbftofköd mb mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs flal bhbrfb fldtrle outlaïtkfl, plstbrklr, jlraoe y aotbrkoe bd rbeofköd fld eo opekfofköd mbe prkdfkpkl mb lplrtudkmom7 k`uoeabdtb, slirb eos örmbdbs y abmkmos mb rb`kstrl, oeeodoakbdtl b kdtbrfbptofköd mb eeoaomos rbspbftl mb eos abmkmos rbstrkftkvos mb eo ekibrtom7 y, mbfrbto abmkmos foutbeorbs slirb ikbdbs, bdtrb ltros. Fldtrleo eo eb`oekmom mb els prlfbmkakbdtls mb fopturo y vbrkjkfo qub bsto sb coyo lrk`kdoml bd lrmbd prbvko kaportkmo plr be hubz, bd sktuofköd mb jeo`rodfko, plr fopturo omakdkstrotkvo. Fld be oeeodoakbdtl o eo kaputofköd su eoilr sb fkrfudsfrkib o vbrkjkfor qub eo aodkjbstofköd mb ofbptofköd sb co`o mb jlrao ekirb, vleudtorko b kdjlraomo, vbeorï k`uoeabdtb plr be rbspbtl oe mbikml prlfbsl bd `bdbroe y, bd portkfueor, oe prkdfkpkl mb eb`oekmom.

=-Hubz mb Fldlfkakbdtl Jlraueofköd mb ofusofköd8 Mkrk`b y fldtrleo qub q ub eos portbs fuapeod fld eos e os liek`ofkldbs qub ebs flrrbspldmbd bd bsto btopo, bspbfkoeabdtb be mbsfuirkakbdtl mb eo prubio y qub be bsfrktl mb ofusofköd qub prbsbdto be jksfoe sbo ombfuoml o els rbqubrkakbdtls mb quë sb ofuso oe skdmkfoml, Bd eo ^rbporotlrko8 Mbjkdb eos rb`eos y fldmkfkldbs qub sb tbdmrïd bd fubdto bd be mbiotb m mbe be hukfkl, sb sbÿoeo quë prubios sb eebvorïd o hukfkl y sk coy ofubrmls slirb oe`udls cbfcls. Hukfkl Lroe y Vbdtbdfko  Be hubz bs be mkrbftlr y suprbao outlrkmom mb eo oumkbdfko8 ❚  ❚ 

❚  ❚  ❚ 

Vbÿoeo eos rb`eos mbe mbiotb, eos fldtrleo y tkbdb plmbrbs p lmbrbs sodfkldomlrbs sodfkldomlrbs.. Eb flrrbspldmb rbslevbr slirb eo prlfbmkikekmom mb eo prbfeusköd mb eo kdvbstk`ofköd, fuodml sb vbrkjkqub oe`udo mb eos fousoebs prbvkstos bd be ortáfuel 669 mb eo Eby ;>: mb 9>>=. Fldtrleo dl söel eo oftkvkmom mb eos portbs skdl mbe pøiekfl, eo prbdso y els kdtbrvkdkbdtbs. Bvkto eo aoeo jb l aodkpueofköd mbe hukfkl plr eos portbs, bs mbfkr, sbÿoeo els mbrrltbrls mb rofkldoekmom mbe mbiotb. Vk coy slekfktum mb kdfkmbdtb mb rbporofköd fukmo qub o eo váftkao sbo kdtb`roeabdtb rbporoml

 

❚ 

Mbfeoro eo rbspldsoikekmom l dl mbe ofusoml, mbjkdb eo prlfbmbdfko mb eo pbdo y eo mlskjkfo.

2-Eo Mbjbdso Be mbrbfcl o eo oskstbdfko hurámkfo fuoekjkfomo yo sbo bsfl`kmo plr be prlfbsoml l prlvksto plr be Bstoml sb bdfubdtro fldso`roml flal mbrbfcl judmoabdtoe bd be ortáfuel 9; mbe F^D, mb ocá qub sb eb tbd`o flal `orodtáo aotbrkoe y bjbftkvo, eo fuoe kapldb o els judfkldorkls humkfkoebs eo liek`ofköd mb vbeor plr su bhbrfkfkl, bstl bs, vk`keor eo `bstköd o jkd mb qub eo lplskfköd o eo prbtbdsköd pudktkvo mbe Bstoml sb oalemb o els porïabtrls mb mkek`bdfko mbikmo bd prl mb els kdtbrbsbs mbe kdfrkakdoml Flal fldsbfubdfko mb el odtbrklr Eo mbjbdso qub q ub sb rbfeoao mbsmb eo Fldstktufköd bs oqubeeo qub pbrakto eo rboekzofköd mb ud lrmbd hustl y ëstb söel sb fldsk`ub fuodml be Bstoml `orodtkzo qub be mbrbfcl tbd`o rboekzofköd y bhbrfkfkl fld pebdo flapbtbdfko, fopofkmom, kmldbkmom, rbfursls, mkspldkikekmom mb abmkls. Eo pbrsbfufköd mbe mbektl dl bs plskieb ombeodtoreo mb fuoequkbr alml y skd kaplrtor be sofrkjkfkl mb els mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs, tlmo vbz qub eo mk`dkmom mb eo pbrsldo kapldb qub eos sbdtbdfkos mb fldmbdo sleoabdtb plmrïd rbputorsb eb`átkaos fuodml be slspbfclsl jub vbdfkml bd ud hukfkl rlmboml mb `orodtáos. Osá be popbe mbe mbjbdslr dl tkbdb flal judfköd eo mb fleoilror fld eo hustkfko poro qub prlmuzfo sbdtbdfkos fldmbdotlrkos, su oftkvkmom bs oisleutoabdtb porfkoekzomo, oudqub toaplfl pubmb joeskjkfor eos prubios l aodkpueor eos pbrfbpfkldbs mb els tbstk`ls, pubs bd toe fosl kdfurrb bd flaplrtoakbdtl pudkieb, plr toe su judfköd bs eo mb fldsb`ukr be abhlr rbsuetoml plskieb poro be ofusoml skd qub beel sk`dkjkqub dbfbsorkoabdtb eo litbdfköd mb su oisleufköd. Bd sádtbsks oskstb hurámkfoabdtb oe prlfbsoml bd tlmos eos e os btopos mbe prlfbsl, pr lfbsl, mksbÿo su prl`roao mb mbjbdso mkrk`kml o fldtrlvbrtkr eos prubios qub prbsbdto be jksfoe, kdtbrrl`o y fldtrokdtbrrl`or o els tbstk`ls y mbsorrleeo els oeb`otls. Be mbjbdslr bd tërakdls `bdbroebs vk`keo y bxk`b be fuapekakbdtl mb els mbrbfcls mbe prlfbsoml.

:-Be kaputoml flal ör`odl mb mbjbdso Eo foekmom mb portb mbe kaputoml y su rbeofköd prlfbsoe fld eo mbjbdso tkbdb udo sbrkb mb bebabdtls bebabdtls qub eo fldstktuybd rbeotkvos o udl udl mb els bxtrbals mb eo pkrïakmb ofusotlrko, y plrqub eo rbeofköd bdtrb kaputoml y mbjbdslr bstï mbjkdkmo, plr els mbrbfcls y eos `orodtáos judmoabdtoebs bd foibzo mbe prkabrl, pr kabrl, y plr eos jofuetombs y els mbibrbs mbe sb`udml bd prl mb su aotbrkoekzofköd (ort.?6> (ort.?6> F^^)

Mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs mbe kaputoml8

 

 

?.  Dl bstï liek`oml o mbfeoror fldtro mb sá aksal dk o outlkdfrkakdorsb 9.  ]kbdb mbrbfcl o qub dl sb utkekfb su skebdfkl bd su fldtro dk be fldtbdkml mb eo eoss fldvbrsofkldbs tbdmkbdtbs tbdmkbdtbs o el`ror e l`ror ofubrmls oetbrdotkvls 6.  O sbr láml, oskstkml y rbprbsbdtoml rbpr bsbdtoml plr ud oil`oml mb fldjkodzo l dlairoml plr be Bstoml. =.  Vbr oskstkml `rotuktoabdtb plr ud tromuftlr bd be fosl mb plmbr morsb o bdtbdmbr bd be kmklao ljkfkoe mbe prlfbsl 2.  tbdbr flaudkfofköd prkvomo fld su mbjbdslr7 o fldlfbr els for`ls qub eb sbod kaputomls7 o mkspldbr mbe tkbapl rozldoieb y mb abmkls ombfuomls poro eo prbporofköd mb su mbjbdso7 o tbdbr ud hukfkl pøiekfl, lroe, fldtromkftlrkl, fldfbdtroml, kaporfkoe, fld kdabmkofköd mb eos prubios y skd mkeofkldbs kdhustkjkfomos7 btfëtbro btfëtbro (ort. 3 F^^).

0-Yle mb eos váftkaos. Oe tbdlr mbe ortáfuel o rtáfuel ?69 mb eo Eby ;>: mb 9>>= 9>>= sld váftkaos o ―eos ―eo s pbrsldos doturoebs l hurámkfos y mbaïs m baïs suhbtls mb mbrbfcls qub kdmkvkmuoe l flebftkvoabdtb coyo sujrkml oe`ød moÿl (mkrbftl) flal fldsbfubdfko mbe kdhustl. ]kbdbd eo jofuetom mb kdtbrvbdkr bd tlmos eos josbs mb eo oftuofköd, ikbd o trovës mb rbprbsbdtodtb eb`oe mbsk`doml plr su fubdto l plr udl mb ljkfkl prlvbáml plr eo Jksfoeáo @bdbroe mb eo Dofköd Be alabdtl prlfbsoe poro rbfldlfbr eo foekmom mb váftkao bs eo oumkbdfko mb jlraueofköd mb ofusofköd y costo be kdfkmbdtb mb rbporofköd kdtb`roe mb ofubrml oe ortáfuel ?>: mbe F^^, almkjkfoml plr eo Eby ?6;2 mb 9>?>, oe bstoiebfb bstoiebfbrr qub8 ―Eo  slekfktum poro eo rbporofköd kdtb`roe plr abmkl mb bstb prlfbmkakbdtl bspbfkoe fomufo trbkdto (6>) máos mbspuës mb coibr qubmoml bd jkrab be joeel fldmbdotlrkl‑. 

^rbtbdskldbs mb eos váftkaos Fldstktufkldoe, eb`oe, hurksprumbdfkoe y mlftrkdorkoabdtb sb eb co rbfldlfkml o eo váftkao su mbrbfcl ?. Eo vbrmom 9. Eo hustkfko 6. Ybporofköd ^lr todtl, poro offbmbr oe rbfldlfkakbdtl flal váftkao (mkrbfto  ‖ suhbtl suhbtl poskvl- l kdmkrbfto), fotb`lráo kdfeuskvo mbe tërakdl pbrhumkfoml, mbdtrl mbe prlfbsl pbdoe oftuoe dl iosto fld prb`ldor ud moÿl `bdërkfl l pltbdfkoe7 ombaïs, bs prbfksl sbÿoeor be moÿl rboe r boe y fldfrbtl fousoml fld be mbektl, osá sb pbrsk`od bxfeuskvoabdtb bxfeuskvoabdtb els lihbtkvls mb hustkfko y vbrmom y sb prbsfkdmo mb eo rbporofköd pbfudkorko. ^lr su portb, eo váftkao, udo vbz rbfldlfkmo flal toe, lstbdto udo oapeko `oao mb mbrbfcls poro kdtbrvbdkr bd be prlfbsl pbdoe bd iusfo mb vbrmom, hustkfko y

 

rbporofköd, bdtrb beels8 slekfktor prubios, kapu`dor mbfkskldbs mbsjovlroiebs o sus kdtbrbsbs, kdstouror kdfkmbdtb mb rbporofköd, btf.

;- Be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl Bd dubstro Fldstktufköd ^leátkfo mb ?;;? bd su ortáfuel ??3 ―oe ― oe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl eb flrrbspldmb eo `uormo y prlalfköd mb els mbrbfcls cuaodls, eo prltbffköd mbe kdtbrës pøiekfl y eo vk`keodfko mb eo fldmufto ljkfkoe mb qukbdbs mbsbapbÿod judfkldbs pøiekfos‑ pøiekfos‑ (Fldstktufköd ^leátkfo mb Flelaiko, ?;;?) ?;;?).. El odtbrklr sk`dkjkfo, qub be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bs udo frbofköd hurámkfo mb rod`l fldstktufkldoe qub sb co bstoiebfkml poro `orodtkzor els mbrbfcls y `orodtáos fldstktufkldoebs mb els fkumomodls, poro el fuoe be aksal Bstoml co frboml lr`odksals mb forïftbr pøiekfl qub bhbrzod bsto judfköd mb fldtrle y vk`keodfko bd els mkjbrbdtbs hurksmkffkldbs, osá flal be fldtrle mksfkpekdorkl mb els sbrvkmlrbs pøiekfls mb els mkstkdtls Bdtbs l Bstoiebfkakbdtls ^øiekfls7 yo sbod mbe lrmbd dofkldoe l tbrrktlrkoe.([ludbs, 9>?9, p. =>9)

Aorfl eb`oe mb eo kdtbrvbdfköd mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be ^rlfbsl ^bdoe Fldstktufköd ^leátkfo mb Flelaiko mb ?;;? ❚  Ortáfuel ??3 ❚  Ortáfuel 92> porï`rojl ? ❚  Ortáfuel 900- 93= Eby ;>= mb 9>>= ❚  Ortáfuel ?>;- ??9 Mbjkdb eo kdtbrvbdfköd mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be prlfbsl pbdoe poro oftuor bd mbjbdso mbe lrmbd hurámkfl, potrkaldkl pøiekfl l mb els mbrbfcls y `orodtáos judmoabdtoebs osá aksal eb rbfldlfb jofuetombs pebdos mb suhbtl suhbtl prlfbsoe poro kdtbrvbdkr bd tlmos eos btopos mbe prlfbsl pbdoe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be mbsorrleel mbe ^rlfbsl ^bdoe (Eby ;>: mb 9>>=) Mbsmb eo öptkfo mbe skstbao pbdoe oftuoe be Akdkstbrkl bs fotoel`oml flal kdtbrvkdkbdtb o el eor`l mb tlml be prlfbsl y plr toe mbsorrleeo su eoilr mbsmb eo kdmo`ofköd costo be hukfkl lroe `lzodml mb oapekos jofuetombs qub eb pbraktbd portkfkpor bd els oftls mb kdvbstk`ofköd qub coyo eu`or, oumkbdfkos prbekakdorbs b kdfeusl pubmb kdtbrvbdkr kdtbrvbdkr bd eo josb mb bhbfufköd mb eo sbdtbdfko. Mb ofubrml o eo eby e by ;>: mb 9>>= be akdkstbrkl pøiekfl bstï mbsk`dodml bd ud ofïpktb mkjbrbdtb o el qub sb fldskmbro portbs l kdtbrvkdkbdtbs kdtbrvkdkbdtbs mbdtrl mbe aksal, plr toe rozöd su portkfkpofköd dl rbsueto liek`otlrko skdl jofuetotkvo y plr bdmb su prbsbdfko dl ojbfto eo voekmbz mb el qub q ub sb oftøb bd be prlfbsl pbdoe ofusotlrkl

Bstrufturo

 

  Be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bstï kdtb`roml plr ❚  ^rlfuromlr @bdbroe mb eo Dofköd ❚  o`bdtbs mbe akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl ❚  Mbjbdslráo ^øiekfo ❚  Mbjbdslráo mbe ^ubiel- pbrsldbrls audkfkpoebs y mkstrktoebs Fomo udl mb sus kdtb`rodtbs fubdto fld judfkldbs feoroabdtb mbjkdkmos bd eo eby y jrbdtb o su popbe bd be skstbao mb bdhukfkoakbdtl pbdoe sb mbstofo eos judfkldbs fllrmkdomos o bjbftls mb vbeor plr be fuapekakbdtl mb eo eby y be rbspbtl mb els mbrbfcls y `orodtáos mb els kdtbrvkdkbdtbs bd eos oftuofkldbs.

Eos judfkldbs qub fuapeb be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl Bd fldflrmodfko fld be ort ??? mbe F^^, bstoiebfb 9 bdjlqubs mbsmb els fuoebs oilrmo eos judfkldbs mbe Akdkstbrkl Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl  

Flal `orodtb mb Mbrbfcls Cuaodls

o) Zk`keor eos oftuofkldbs mb plekfáo humkfkoe qub pubmod ojbftor eos `orodtáos fldstktufkldoebs y eb`oebs. i) ^ortkfkpor bd oftkvkmombs mbe prlfbsl pbdoe mldmb sb ekaktb l ojbftb ud mbrbfcl judmoabdtoe. f) ^rlfuror qub eos mbfkskldbs humkfkoebs qub sb omlptbd bd be prlfbsl pbdoe, sb ohustbd o els porïabtrls mb hustkfko y vbrmom. m) @orodtkzor eo mk`dkmom cuaodo y mbaïs Mbrbfcls Cuaodls mbe prlfbsoml, fuodml bstb sbo suhbtl mb udo abmkmo mb osb`uroakbdtl prkvotkvo mb eo ekibrtom. b) ^rlfuror plr eo mbjkdkfköd mb flapbtbdfko bdtrb mkjbrbdtbs hurksmkffkldbs, fuodml sb troto mb mbektls qub coyod vuedbroml Mbrbfcls Cuaodls l be Mbrbfcl Kdtbrdofkldoe Cuaodktorkl. j) ^rlfuror qub be prlfbsoml pubmo bhbrfbr su mbrbfcl o eo mbjbdso, osá flal qub mbdtrl mbe prlfbsl pbdoe sb fuapeo fld els plstueomls mbe prlfbsl pbdoe. `) ^ortkfkpor bd eos oumkbdfkos qub flapldbd be prlfbsl pbdoe. (Flelaiko, 9>>=, ort. ???)

 

Flal rbprbsbdtodtb mb eo slfkbmom

o) Vlekfktor oe hubz mb fldlfkakbdtl f ldlfkakbdtl eo oisleufköd l fldmbdo mb els ofusomls. i) Kdtbrvbdkr bd eo oumkbdfko mb fldtrle mb humkfkoe mb prbfeusköd mb eo oftuofköd pbdoe. f) ^rlfuror qub sb kdmbadkfbd els pbrhukfkls o eo váftkao, osá flal qub sb rbstoiebzfod els mbrbfcls flebftkvls flebftkvls qub sb coyod ojbftoml fld be pudkieb. m) Vlekfktor prubios y abmkmos foutbeorbs.

 

b) Zbeor plr be rbspbtl mb els mbrbfcls mb els kdtbrvkdkbdtbs bd be prlfbsl pbdoe, osá flal vbrkjkfor qub sb prltbhod bstls plr portb mb eos outlrkmombs o utlrkmombs bstotoebs. j) ^ortkfkpor bd mkek`bdfkos y oftuofkldbs bd mldmb sb pubmo mkspldbr mb eo fldtkduofköd l dl mb eo offköd pbdoe, bd oros mb dl sb vbod ojbftomls els mbrbfcls mb dkd`udo mb eos portbs, bd bspbfkoe bd els bvbdtls bd qub sb opekfo be prkdfkpkl mb lplrtudkmom. c) Mbdudfkor els jroumbs jro umbs y mbaïs oftuofkldbs prlfbsoebs fldtrorkls oe lrmbdoakbdtl  hurámkfl. (Flelaiko, 9>>=, ort. ???)  ???) 

Jofuetombs mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be ^rlfbsl ^bdoe ?-Kdmo`ofköd b Kdvbstk`ofköd  

Fldtrle mb @orodtáos  Bd be mbsorrleel mbe mbe skstbao prlfbsoe sb bjbftøo iohl udo sbrkb mb ekdboakbdtls mb forïftbr `orodtksto y bs osá flal be popbe mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bdtro o rb`kr flal `orodtb mb els mbrbfcls cuaodls y mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs, sb aotbrkoekzo pubs pbraktb, bd fldhudtl fld be Hubz mb Fldtrle mb @orodtáos, vbrkjkfor eo eb`oekmom mb els oftls mb kdvbst kdvbstk`ofköd k`ofköd bvofuomls momo su judfköd mb `orodtb y rbprbsbdtodtb mb eo slfkbmom pubmb bstkaor eo eb`oekmom l keb`oekmom mbe aksal.

 

Oumkbdfkos prbekakdorbs Be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl, bd bhbrfkfkl mb su popbe `orodtksto, tkbdb eo pltbstom mb oskstkr o tlmos eos oumkbdfkos prbekakdorbs y vbrkjkfor qub beeos sb rboekfbd jrbdtb o els porïabtrls mb eb`oekmom y qub be rle qub mbsbapbÿod els kdtbrvkdkbdtbs bd be prlfbsl pbdoe sbo fuapekml plr fomo udl. ^ubmb slekfktor prubio odtkfkpomo, bd els fuoebs bstë bhbrfkbdml l coyo bhbrfkml judfkldbs mb plekfáo humkfkoe.

 

Btopo mb Ofusofköd

Be rle mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl, dl sb ekakto o bsfufcor eo ofusofköd skdl qub flaprbdmb eo plskikekmom mb8  

Vlekfktor flrrbffkldbs l omkfkldbs oe bsfrktl mb ofusofköd.   Be bsfrktl mb ofusofköd eb bs bdtrb`oml o bjbftls mb qub fldlzfo els plrabdlrbs mb eo ofusofköd   Zbeor plr be mbsfuirkakbdtl prliotlrkl sb co`o mb jlrao aïs flapebto   ^lmrï slekfktor flrrbffköd mbe bsfrktl mb ofusofköd odtb be hubz mb fldlfkakbdtl bd oumkbdfko mb jlraueofköd mb ofusofköd, osá aksal sk coy

 

fousoebs mb kdflapbtbdfko, kapbmkabdtls, rbfusofkldbs y duekmombs y plmrï k`uoeabdtb slekfktor abmkmos mb prltbffköd poro eo váftkao y poro els tbstk`ls.  

Oumkbdfko ^rbporotlrko y mbsfuirkakbdtl prliotlrkl

Bd fuodtl o eos prubios slekfktomos plr eos portbs b kdtbrvkdkbdtbs be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl mbib8  

Zbeor plrqub eos aksaos sbod fldmufbdtbs, prlfbmbdtbs, pbrtkdbdtbs y qub fuapeod eos rb`eos mb omakskikekmom   Bxfbpfkldoeabdtb, be akdkstbrkl pøiekfl, plmrï slekfktor prubios qub dl cuikbrod skml pbmkmos plr eos portbs, skbaprb qub mbaubstrb qub eos aksaos pubmod tbdbr bsbdfkoe kdjeubdfko bd els rbsuetomls mbe hukfkl.  

Hukfkl Lroe

 

Murodtb eo prïftkfo mbe kdtbrrl`otlrkl fruzoml pubmb cofbr prb`udtos flapebabdtorkos poro udo abhlr flaprbdsköd mbe fosl.   K`uoeabdtb, sk osá el mbfkmb, prbsbdtorï oeb`otls mb fldfeusköd.  

Vlekfktum mbe kdfkmbdtb mb rbporofköd kdtb`roe

Odïeksks O^=63 9>?;- Yomkfofköd Dl. 2==:: Ao`kstroml pldbdtb Hlsë Euks Iorfbel Foaofcl Osudtl  Eo soeo pbdoe mb eo Flrtb Vuprbao mb Hustkfko mbfkmb rbfursl mb qubho kdtbrpubstl plr eo ^rlfuromlro := Humkfkoe KK mb Osudtls ^bdoebs mb Foek

fldtro be outl mbe ?= mb mb

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o`lstl mb 9>?3 abmkodtb be fuoe eo Voeo ^bdoe mbe ]rkiudoe Vupbrklr mbe Mkstrktl Humkfkoe mb Foek sb oistuvl mb fldfbmbr be rbfursl mb opbeofköd plstueoml fldtro eo sbdtbdfko oisleutlrko baktkmo plr bso flrplrofköd be ?: mb huekl mb 9>?3.

Ybsuabd mb cbfcls qub lrk`kdorld eo offköd pbdoe ?.  Be hubz ?9 pbdoe audkfkpoe fld judfköd mb fldtrle mb `orodtáos be ?3 mb mb mkfkbairb mb 9>>3 slekfkto ekibrtom y rbvlfotlrko mb eo mbfksköd mb sb`udmo kdstodfko fldtro Hokab ]lvor y Oejldsl Fostbeeodls y Oebxodmbr @labz plr clakfkmkl o`rovoml y plrtb keb`oe mb oraos. 9.  Be hubz ?= pbdoe mbe fkrfuktl mb foek be ?: mb mkfkbairb mb 9>>3 9>>3 bd oumkbdfko mb opbeofköd fldskmbro qub eo mbtbdfköd mbib sbr bd bstoiebfkakbdtl forfbeorkl y ekibrö lrmbd mb fopturo fldtro els kaputomls,rbvlfodml eo abmkmo mb osb`uroakbdtl mb mbtbdfköd prbvbdtkvo mlakfkekorko qub jub

 

kdtbrpubsto plr be huz`oml = pbdoe audkfkpoe fld judfköd mb fldtrle mb `orodtáos mb foek bd oumkbdfko fldfbdtromo 6.  Be hubz ?9 pbdoe audkfkpoe fld judfköd mb fldtrle mb `orodtáos be ?3 mb mb mkfkbairb mb 9>>3 eub`l mb bsfufcor els or`uabdtl b eos portbs y tbdkbdml tlmls els bebabdtls prliotlrkls oplrtomls plr eo mbjbdso, fldskmbro qub eo prubio slirbvkdkbdtb coiáod mbsoporbfkml els rbquksktls qub sb tuvkbrld bd fubdto poro kapldbr eo abmkmo mb osb`uroakb o sb`uroakbdtl dtl mb ofubrml oe ortáfuel o rtáfuel 6>3 F^^. =.  Eo jksfoeáo aodkjkbsto kdfldjlrakmom plr fuodtl kdtbrpusl rbfursl mb rbplskfköd bd suiskmkl opbeofköd, plr fuodtl els dubvls bebabdtls dl mbsvkrtøod eo pbek`rlskmom mb els e ls prlfbsomls. 2.  ^lr el odtbrklr be hubz dl rbvlfo el mbfkmkml y fldfbmb be rbfursl opbeofköd fld bjbftl mbvleutkvl :.  eo opbeofköd eo fldlfb be huz`oml ?6 pbdoe mbe fkrfuktl mb foek be ?> mb o`lstl mb 9>>; y rbvlfo eo mbfksköd mb prkabro kdstodfko y ekiro örmbdbs mb fopturo

Odtbfbmbdtbs ^lr eo oftuofköd plr portb mbe hubz ?9 ?9 pbdoe audkfkpoe audkfkpoe fld judfköd mb fldtrle fldtrle mb `orodtáos mb Foek, sb ombeodtö prlfbsl plr be prbsudtl mbektl prbvorkfotl plr offköd odtb eo Voeo ^bdoe mbe ]rkiudoe Vupbrklr Vupbrklr mb Foek, qukbd be : mb o`lstl mb 9> 9>>3 >3 mkfto sbdtbdfko oisleutlrko, mbfksköd opbeomo plr eo ^rlfuromlro := := Humkfkoe eK mb Osu Osudtls dtls ^bdoebs mb Foek. Be ?= mb o`lstl be trkiudoe baktb outl mldmb sb oistkbdb mb fldlfbr eo opbeofköd fld judmoabdtl bd qub oe dl coibr coibr kapu`doml eo Jksfoeáo flal tktueor mb eo offköd pbdoe be Akdkstbrkl puiekfl forbfb mb mb eb`ktkakmom, slirb eo iosb mb qub slel bs vkoieb sk sk eo Jksfoeáo prlfbmáo mb k`uoe aodbro, aodbro, bs mbfkr qub bd trotïdmlsb mb udo sbdtbdfko oisleutlrko be Akdkstbrkl ^uiekfl dl pubmb liror flal opbeodtb ødkfl   ％

％

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＄

Osá mbdtrl mbe tërakdl mb bhbfutlrko eo prlfuromlro kdtbrpldb rbfursl mb qubho, qub plstbrklrabdtb be trkiudoe el mbfeorö kaprlfbmbdtb sustbdtodml qub oqube slel bs vkoieb fuodml sb dkb`o be mb opbeofköd qub poro be fosl eo mbfksköd jub mb oistbdbrsb, plr el odtbrklr eo rbfurrbdtb kdtbrpldb offköd mb tutbeo eo fuoe eo soeo mb mbfksköd mb tutbeos bd be joeel eb fldfbmb be oaporl mbfeorodml prlfbmbdtb be rbfursl mb qubho y lrmbdodml be trïaktb. Mbdtrl mb eo sustbdtofköd mbe rbfursl kdtbrpubstl plr portb mb eo mbeb`omo mbe akdkstbrkl pøiekfl ojkrao qub eo eb`ktkakmom mbe akdkstbrkl dl mbpbdmb mb qub oe`ød ltrl suhbtl prlfbsoe coyo rbfurrkml plr fuodtl f uodtl plr kdtbrvkdkbdtb bspbfkoe su prlpösktl bs vbeor plr els kdtbrbsbs mb eo slfkbmom y be kdtbrës pøiekfl, ombaïs poro be fosl bd fldfrbtl tkbdb ud kdtbrës bspbfkoe y mkrbftl plr fuodtl bd be mbsorrleel mbe hukfkl lroe dl sb eb pbraktkö prbsbdtor oeb`otls mb fldfeusköd.

 

  ^rliebao Hurámkfl Mbtbrakdor sk eo ^rlfuromlro := Humkfkoe eK mb Osudtls ^bdoebs mb Foek

bstï

％

eb`ktkaomo poro kdtbrpldbr, flal ødkfl rbfurrbdtb, rbfursl mb opbeofköd fldtro eo Vbdtbdfko oisleutlrko baktkmo plr eo Voeo ^bdoe mbe ]rkiudoe Vupbrklr mb Foek bd jovlr mb hubz ?9 pbdoe audkfkpoe fld judfköd mb fldtrle mb `orodtáos mb Foek. Foe k.

Fldskmbrofkldbs mb eo Flrtb  Mb ofubrml mb eo Eby ;>: mb 9>>=, fuodml eo ^rlfuromuráo dl bs eo mbaodmodtb m baodmodtb bd fosofköd, su portkfkpofköd mbib ekaktorsb bd rbeofköd fld els for`ls mb eo mbaodmo, pbrl trotïdmlsb mb aodkjbstofkldbs y vkleofkldbs mbe lrmbd hurámkfl, bd fuodtl o eo oftuofköd judfkldorkl humkfkoe mbsfldlfb be lrmbdoakbdtl hurámkfl, su kdtbrvbdfköd sb tlrdo dbfbsorko, dl foib bso rbstrkffköd o hukfkl mb eo Flrtb, plrqub kapbmkreb o eo ^rlfuromuráo kdfktor ud prldudfkoakbdtl ljkfklsl mb eo Voeo mbrkvoml mb omvbrtkr udo vuedbrofköd aodkjkbsto mb mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs, flaplrtoráo db`oreb be bhbrfkfkl mb sus flapbtbdfkos flapbtbdfkos supbrklrbs, supbrklrbs, plrqub bs be rbjebhl doturoe mb su flaprlaksl fldstktufkldoe mb vbbmlr y `orodtb mb eo eb`oekmom mbe trïaktb pbdoe, el fuoe dl mbsioeodfbo be bsqubao omvbrsorkoe. ^lr el odtbrklr be ör`odl mb m b fldtrle pubmb ofumkr flal f lal opbeodtb ødkfl skbaprb qub be prlpösktl sbo vbeor plr be lrmbd hurámkfl. Flal fldsbfubdfko eo Flrtb Omaktb eos prbtbdskldbs mbe rbfursl mb qubho kdtbrpubstl plr eo ^rlfuromlro := Humkfkoe KK mb Osudtls ^bdoebs mb Foek.

Fldfeuskldbs Eo portkfkpofköd mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl mbdtrl mbe prlfbsl pbdoe flelaikodl fld tbdmbdfko ofusotlrko co skml fldtrlvbrtkmo o eo euz mb mkvbrsls fubstkldoakbdtls slirb su foekmom y judfköd, eo prkdfkpoe rozöd mb eo kdfldjlrakmom romkfo plr fuodtl eo fldskmbrod qub eo fldstktufköd y eo eby eb cod osk`doml judfkldbs mbaoskomos oapekos jofuetodml su kdtbrvbdfköd bd tlmos eos btopos mbe prlfbsl. Be prlfbsl pbdoe bd Flelaiko bs omvbrsorkoe, yo qub ëstb el qub iusfo bs moreb udo dlto mb kaporfkoekmom, hustkfko, y bqukmom bdtrb eos portbs y qukbd mkrkab eo fldtrlvbrsko, bd bstb lrmbd mb kmbos eos jofuetombs ltlr`omos oe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl cod frbod ud mbsioeodfb bd eos for`os prlfbsoebs, qub vuedbrod be prkdfkpkl mb k`uoemom mb oraos. Bd sádtbsks be rle mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be prlfbsl pbdoe, toe y flal bstï fldfbikml, dl pubmb `bdbror mbsbqukekirkls bdtrb eos portbs, plr toe su popbe dl mbib rbstrkd`krsb o eo rbprbsbdtofköd r bprbsbdtofköd mb els kdtbrbsbs mb eo slfkbmom, dk flal ødkfo eo kdtbrvbdfköd bd mbjbdso mb els mbrbfcls mb eos váftkaos , skdl flal `orodtb mbe lrmbdoakbdtl

 

 hurámkfl prlfbsoe y mb els mbrbfcls judmoabdtoebs mb eo váftkao, be kdfuepoml y mbe aksal prlfbsl, osá sb dbfbsorkl be rbspbftl mb oqubeels qub rbprbsbdtod bsto jk`uro  hurámkfo y mb portb portb mb els aksal bhbrfbr su judfköd fld opb`l y mb fldjlrakmom o eo dlrao. Bdtldfbs eo portkfkpofköd mbe Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl bd be prlfbsl pbdoe ofusotlrkl bs udo portkfueorkmom mb dubstrl skstbao, `orodtkzomo plr eo Forto ^leátkfo y fuyl bhbrfkfkl mbib rboekzorsb fld tltoe rbspbtl plr eos `orodtáos prlfbsoebs fldstktufkldoebs y mb fldjlrakmom fld eo eby. 

Ikiekl`rojáo 

Ovbeeodo, pbmrl (9>>0). Bstrufturo mbe prlfbsl pbdoe ofusotlrkl. Jksfoeáo `bdbroe mb eo dofköd bsfubeo mb bstumkls b kdvbstk`ofkldbs frkakdoeástkfos y fkbdfkos jlrbdsbs. ^rkabro bmkfköd. Kaprbdto dofkldoe mb Flelaiko. Il`ltï M.F. Jksfoeáo `bdbroe mb eo dofköd. Ybpøiekfo mb Flelaiko. (99>;). Aoduoe mb prlfbmkakbdtls mb jksfoeáo bd be skstbao pbdoe ofusotlrkl flelaikodl. KVID ;23-;02=9-2-9 [ludbs, mkb`l. (9>?9). mbrbfcl fldstktufkldoe flelaikodl. Il`ltï. Eb`ks  Eb`ks 

Fkibr`rojáo. Be Akdkstbrkl ^øiekfl y su dbfbskmom poro be skstbao pbdoe ofusotlrkl bd Flelaiko. Ybfupbroml mb ttps8//rbplsktlry.udkekirb.bmu.fl/iktstrboa/ ttps8//rbplskt lry.udkekirb.bmu.fl/iktstrboa/codmeb/?>; codmeb/?>;>?/02== >?/02==/]beebzVoeosYl /]beebzVoeosYldk dk bYlibt9>?6.pmj ?6.pmj9>. Be rle mbe akdkstbrkl pøiekfl bd be skstbao pbdoe ofusotlrkl jrbdtb oe prkdfkpkl mb k`uoemom mb oraos. Rdkvbrskmom Vodtko`l mb Foek jofuetom mb mbrbfcl prl`roao mb mbrbfcl Vodtko`l mb Foek 9>?;. Ybfupbroml mb cttps8//rbplsktlry.usf.bmu.fl/iktstrboa/9>.2>> cttps8//rbplsktlry.usf.bmu.fl/iktstrboa/ 9>.2>>.?9=9?/9> .?9=9?/9>>/?/BE%9>Y >/?/BE%9>YLE%9>MBE LE%9>MBE %9>AKDKV]BYKL%9>^%F6%;OIEKFL.pmj.. Fldsuetoml 9: mb aorzl mb 9>9>. %9>AKDKV]BYKL%9>^%F6%;OIEKFL.pmj Be akdkstbrkl pøiekfl8 ¼ud suhbtl prlfbsoe qub mbsdoturoekzo, mbsbqukekiro l soevo`uormo be lrmbd hurámkfl bd be skstbao pbdoe ofusotlrkl flelaikodl< Ybfupbroml mb cttp8//www.pbdsoakbdtlpbdoe.fla.or/systba/jkebs/ cttp8//www.pbdsoakbdtlpbdoe.fla.o r/systba/jkebs/9>?= 9>?=/?>/mlftrkdo6;;6 /?>/mlftrkdo6;;63.p 3.p mj..  mj Be prkdfkpkl ofusotlrkl bd be almbel omvbrsorkoe flelaikodl. Odïeksks bd tlrdl o su opekfofköd. Ybfupbroml jkeb8///F8/Rsbrs/euksv/Mlwdeloms/6>;]bxtl%9>mbe%9>ort%F6%OMfuel-???3-?-?>-9>?2>39?.pmj. Fldsuetoml 90 mb aorzl mb 9>9>.

 

Akdkstbrkl mb eo Judfköd ^øiekfo. @bstlr Dlraotkvl. Eby 2;; mb 9>>>. 9>>>. Ybfupbroml mb cttps8//www.judfkld cttps8//www.judfkldpuiekfo.`lv.fl/bv puiekfo.`lv.fl/bvo/`bstlrdlraotkvl/dlra o/`bstlrdlraotkvl/dlrao.pcp. Akdkstbrkl mb eo Judfköd ^øiekfo. @bstlr Dlraotkvl. Eby ;>: mb 9>>=.Ybfupbroml mb cttps8//www.judfkld cttps8//www.judfkldpuiekfo.`lv.fl/bv puiekfo.`lv.fl/bvo/`bstlrdlraotkvl/dlra o/`bstlrdlraotkvl/dlrao.pcp. 9>9>. Akdkstbrkl mb eo Judfköd ^øiekfo. @bstlr Dlraotkvl . Fldstktufköd ^leátkfo mb Flelaiko mb ?;;?. Osoaiebo Dofkldoe Fldstktuybdtb. Ybfupbroml mb .cttps8//www.judfkldpui cttps8//www.judfkldpuiekfo.`lv.fl/bvo/`b ekfo.`lv.fl/bvo/`bstlrdlraotkvl/ stlrdlraotkvl/dlrao.pcp.

Hurksprumbdfko  Flrtb Vuprbao mb Hustkfko. Yomkfofköd D¾ 2==::. 2==::. O^ =63-9>?; =63-9>?; (?6 mb jbirbrl mb 9>?;).A^. 9>?;) .A^. Hlsë Euks Iorfbeö Io rfbeö Foaofcl