ROLE OF ARBITRATOR IN SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

March 11, 2019 | Author: adv_animeshkumar | Category: Arbitral Tribunal, Arbitration, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Jurisdiction, Dispute Resolution
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Download ROLE OF ARBITRATOR IN SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES...

Description

SJEJFKG C@VTZSJV VJSSEJGJOS ( ITTJEEISJ S^@NZOIE

^KEJ KH I^N@S^ISK^ @O VJSSEJGJOS KH C@VTZSJV @osj~ova`t Ivv`bogjos 

^KEJ KH I^N@S^ISK^ @O VJSSEJGJOS KH C@VTZSJV Io`gjva Lzgi~



@OS^KCZFS@KO

A`vsk~`fieep% gjsakcv zvjc sk vjssej c`vtzsjv aixj ~iobjc h~kg ojbks`is`ko% sk fkz~s~kkg e`s`bis`ko% ioc jxjo sk tapv`fie fkgnis/ Saj ejbie ojjcv kh fkzos~`jv% gzes`ois`koie fkgtio`jv% ioc k~c`oi~p tjktej aixj faiobjc kxj~ saj eivs cjficj/ Rajo hifjc r`sa i c`vtzsj% nzv`ojvv tjktej i~j eji~o`ob sais% rajojxj~ tkvv`nej% `s `v gk~j icxiosibjkzv sk ~jifa t~ifs`fie ioc t~`xisj ib~jjgjosv saio sk h`bas hk~ pji~v ioc vtjoc azbj igkzosv kh  gkojp `o fkz~s~kkg nissejv/ Czj sk saj xivs igkzosv kh s`gj ioc gkojp `oxkexjc `o saj s~`ie t~kfjvv% v`bo`h`fios `of~jivj `o saj ~kej kh `osj~ois`koie s~icj `o saj jfkokg`f cjxjektgjos cjxjektgjos kh  ois`kov kxj~ saj eivs hjr cjficjv aiv njjo iffkgtio`jc np i fkov`cj~inej `of~jivj `o saj ozgnj~v kh fkggj~f`ie c`vtzsjv iv rjee/ Saj nzv`ojvv fkggzo`s`jv kh saj ji~sa aixj `of~jiv`obep sz~ojc sk ejbie iesj~ois`xjv sais i~j gk~j t~kgts% t~`xisj ioc jfkokg`fie saio saj fkz~s~kkg/  Iesj~ois`xj C`vtzsj ^jvkezs`ko !IC^) ~jhj~v sk saj r`cj vtjfs~zg kh ejbie ixjozjv sais zvj gjiov ksaj~ saio s~`ie sk vjssej c`vtzsjv/ Saj gi`o IC^ iesj~ois`xjv sk f`x`e e`s`bis`ko i~j ojbks`is`ko% i~n`s~is`ko% fkof`e`is`ko ioc gjc`is`ko/ Ksaj~% gk~j ti~s`fzei~ IC^ t~kfjvvjv ixi`einej i~j ji~ep ojzs~ie jxiezis`ko% g`o`' s~`ie% vzggi~p mz~p s~`ie% ioc saj mzc`f`ie vjssejgjos fkohj~jofj/ C`vtzs`ob ti~s`jv zvj sajvj IC^ gjsakcv njfizvj sajp i~j jqtjc`s`kzv% t~`xisj% ioc bjoj~ieep gzfa ejvv jqtjov`xj saio i s~`ie/ Vjssejgjos kh c`vtzsjv sa~kzba ~jhj~jofj sk sa`~c ti~sp `v i ti~s kh saj xkelb`jvs  kh  @oc`i v`ofj s`gjv `ggjgk~`ie/ Saj @oc`io jt`fv ioc hkelek~j inkzoc r`sa jqigtejv kh  fkovjovzie t~kfjcz~jv hk~ saj vjssejgjos kh c`vtzsjv is saj b~ivv~kksv ejxje/ Saj sa`~c ti~sp vjssejgjos jsakv fiooks nj `gtkvjc h~kg inkxj ioc sajp fio sa~`xj koep `o vk`ev ioc fe`gjv sais i~j fkoczf`xj sk sais fzesz~j/  I~n`s~is`ko aiv i ekob a`vsk~p `o @oc`i/ @o iof`jos s`gjv% tjktej khsjo xkezosi~`ep vzng`ssjc

saj`~ c`vtzsjv sk i b~kzt kh r`vj gjo kh i fkggzo`sp – fieejc fieejc saj ‒Tiofaipis  – hk~ hk~ i n`oc`ob ‐  ‐ 

9

~jvkezs`ko/ Gkcj~o i~n`s~is`ko eir `o @oc`i riv f~jisjc np saj  Njobie ^jbzeis`kov `o 922> %



Vszcjos% N/I/ L ^ix` Lzgi~ `v ivv`vsios jqjfzs`xj job`ojj~% Viei~mzob Gzvjzg% Apcj~inic/ 9

9uTibj

cz~`ob saj N~`s`va ~zej/ Saj Njobie ^jbzeis`kov t~kx`cjc hk~ ~jhj~jofj np i fkz~s sk i~n`s~is`ko% r`sa saj fkovjos kh saj ti~s`jv% `o eirvz`sv hk~ iffkzosv% ti~soj~va`t cjjcv% ioc n~jifa kh fkos~ifs% igkobvs ksaj~v/

>

Zos`e 9008% saj eir bkxj~o`ob i~n`s~is`ko `o @oc`i

fkov`vsjc gi`oep kh sa~jj vsiszsjv= !`) Saj I~n`s~is`ko !T~kskfke ioc Fkoxjos`ko) Ifs 9062 % !``) Saj @oc`io I~n`s~is`ko Ifs 9034% ioc !```) Saj Hk~j`bo Iri~cv !^jfkbo`s`ko ioc  6

 Johk~fjgjos)  Johk~fjgjos) Ifs 9089/ Saj 9034 Ifs riv saj bjoj~ie eir bkxj~o`ob i~n`s~is`ko `o @oc`i

iekob saj e`ojv kh saj  Jobe`va I~n`s~is`ko Ifs kh 9063% ioc nksa saj 9062 ioc saj 9089 Ifsv rj~j cjv`bojc sk johk~fj hk~j`bo i~n`s~ie iri~cv !saj 9089 Ifs `gtejgjosjc saj Ojr Pk~l  Fkoxjos`ko kh 90:1)/

3

Saj bkxj~ogjos joifsjc Saj I~n`s~is`ko ioc Fkof`e`is`ko Ifs% 9008 !saj 9008 Ifs) `o io jhhk~s sk gkcj~o`}j saj kzscisjc 9034 Ifs/ Saj 9008 Ifs `v i fkgt~jajov`xj t`jfj kh  ejb`veis`ko gkcjeejc ko saj e`ojv kh saj ZOF@S^IE Gkcje Eir/ Sa`v Ifs ~jtjiejc iee saj :

sa~jj t~jx`kzv vsiszsjv !saj 9062 Ifs% saj 9089 Ifs ioc saj 9034 Ifs)/ @sv t~`gi~p tz~tkvj riv sk jofkz~ibj i~n`s~is`ko iv i fkvs'jhhjfs`xj ioc yz`fl gjfaio`vg hk~ saj vjssejgjos kh  8

fkggj~f`ie c`vtzsjv/ Saj 9008 Ifs fkxj~v nksa ckgjvs`f i~n`s~is`ko ioc `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko/ V`ofj i~n`s~is`ko `v hkzocjc ko saj ib~jjgjos kh saj ti~s`jv% `s `v kh  fkz~vj t~jhj~inej sais saj t~kfjcz~j icktsjc nj ib~jjc njsrjjo saj ti~s`jv ioc saj i~n`s~isk~v/ Nzs raj~j ojfjvvi~p saj i~n`s~isk~ gzvs cjf`cj/ ITTK@OSGJOS KH I^N@S^ISK^

¢99 kh saj Ifs cjiev r`sa saj ittk`osgjos kh saj I~n`s~isk~ ioc saj hkeekr`ob t~kx`v`ko vakzec nj siljo `o sk fkov`cj~is`ko/ i/ Saj ti~s`jv gip ib~jj sk i t~kfjcz~j kh ittk`osgjos kh i~n`s~isk~ ksaj~r`vj saj hkeekr`ob t~kfjcz~j vaiee ittep=' `/

I~n`s~isk~ fkzec nj iop ois`koie`sp/

>

`n`c `n`c 3 Saj Ojr Pk~l Fkoxjos`ko kh 90:1% `/j/ saj 90:1 Fkoxjos`ko ko saj ^jfkbo`s`ko ioc Johk~fjgjos kh Hk~j`bo I~n`s~ie Iri~cv `v koj kh saj gkvs r`cjep zvjc fkoxjos`kov hk~ ~jfkbo`s`ko ioc johk~fjgjos kh hk~j`bo iri~cv/ @s vjsv hk~sa saj t~kfjcz~jv sk nj zvjc np iee v`boisk~`jv sk saj Fkoxjos`ko/ Sa`v Fkoxjos`ko riv h`~vs `o saj vj~`jv kh gimk~ vsjtv siljo np saj Zo`sjc Ois`ko v`ofj `sv `ofjts`ko% sk i`c saj cjxjektgjos kh `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko/ Saj Fkoxjos`ko njfigj jhhjfs`xj ko Mzoj 2% 90:0/ : Saj 9008 Ifs% ¢ 1:/ 8 Mzvs`fj Ivakl Naio `o a`v a `v `oizbz~ie vtjjfa cje`xj~jc is saj fkohj~jofj ko ‒C`vtzsj T~jxjos`ko ioc C`vtzsj ^jvkezs`ko‑ ajec is Ezca`ioi% @oc`i% Kfsknj~ 1% >44:/ 6

>uTibj

``/

@o fivj kh sa~jj i~n`s~isk~v jifa ti~sp ittk`os `sv kro i~n`s~isk~ ioc srk ~c

ittk`osjc i~n`s~isk~ ittk`os saj 6 i~n`s~isk~/ ```/

@h r`sa`o 64 cipv ti~sp hi`e sk ittk`os i~n`s~isk~ saio Fa`jh Mzvs`fj vaiee ittk`os saj i~n`s~isk~/

n/ Cjf`v`ko kh Fa`jh Mzvs`fj ko ittk`osgjos kh i~n`s~isk~ `v h`oie/ f/ Fa`jh Mzvs`fj k~ Tj~vko cjv`boisjc rkzec aixj czj ~jbi~c sk yzie`h`fis`ko kh  i~n`s~isk~v/ c/ Fa`jh Mzvs`fj fio gilj iop vfajgj% aj fkov`cj~ itt~kt~`isj hk~ ittk`osgjos/ YZIE@H@FIS@KOV KH I^N@S^ISK^V

2

@o bjoj~ie% saj gkvs `gtk~sios yzie`h`fis`kov cjgiocjc kh i~n`s~isk~v i~j `ocjtjocjofj ioc `gti~s`ie`sp/ Sajvj fai~ifsj~`vs`fv fai~ifsj~`vs`fv i~j jxjo ~jyz`~jc x`v'ä'x`v io io ittk`os`ob ti~sp/ Saj ~jivko `v sais sajp joinej i~n`s~isk~v sk silj silj cjf`v`kov h~jj kh n`iv ioc ioc t~jvvz~j/ Akrjxj~% saj~j i~j c`hhj~jofjv igkob saj vsioci~cv `o saj ckfzgjosv jqig`ojc% jxjo r`sa`o saj vigj fisjbk~p kh i~n`s~is`ko/ Hk~ jqigtej% iesakzba nksa `gti~s`ie`sp ioc `ocjtjocjofj i~j ~jyz`~jc `o iee sptjv kh i~n`s~is`ko% sajp sjoc sk nj saj koep ~jyz`~jgjosv `o `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko% ra`ej t~khjvv`koie yzie`h`fis`kov sjoc sk nj io icc`s`koie ~jyz`~jgjos `o `osj~ois`koie `oxjvsgjos ioc s~icj i~n`s~is`ko t~kfjjc`obv/ Ioksaj~ v`bo`h`fios c`hhj~jofj `v `o saj rip saj ois`koie`sp kh saj i~n`s~isk~ fioc`cisj `v s~jisjc/ Ois`koie`sp fio nj i f~`s`fie hifsk~ `o vjejfs`ob io i~n`s~isk~/ @sv `gtk~siofj cj~`xjv h~kg saj tj~fjts`ko sais i ois`koie kh koj kh saj ti~s`jv sk saj c`vtzsj fkzec nj ejvv saio `gti~s`ie k~ `ocjtjocjos/ @o bjoj~ie% saj ois`koie`sp kh saj i~n`s~isk~ teipv i ejvv ~jejxios ti~s kh saj i~n`s~isk~ vjejfs`ko t~kfjvv `o `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko saio `oxjvsk~'Vsisj ioc `osj~ois`koie `osj~ois`koie s~icj i~n`s~is`ko% nzs nzs `s `v oks ieskbjsaj~ ieskbjsaj~ `~~jejxios/ `~~jejxios/ @o `oxjvsk~'Vsisj ioc ioc Vsisj'sk'Vsisj fivjv% `s `v io zovsisjc t~jvzgts`ko sais nj`ob i ois`koie kh i ti~sp `oc`fisjv ti~s`ie`sp k~ eifl kh `ocjtjocjofj k~ nksa% v`ofj sajvj fai~ifsj~`vs`fv i~j oks vsisjc ~jyz`~jgjosv kh i~n`s~ie vj~x`fj hk~ sajvj sptjv kh i~n`s~is`ko/ Saj mz~`vc`fs`ko kh saj i~n`s~ie s~`nzoie sk ~jfk~c vjssejgjos iri~c `v oks jq khh`f`k/ @s fio nj 1

jqj~f`vjc koep `h ~jyz`~jc np saj ti~s`jv/ Sa`v Ifs ckjv oks t~kx`cj hk~ ittk`osgjos kh io zgt`~j/ Saj~jhk~j% raj~j `o saj fkz~vj kh i~n`s~ie t~kfjjc`obv% saj i~n`s~isk~v hi`e sk ifa`jxj 2

asst=++rrr/fjc`~jv/nj+`ocjq[njvsiocjo+BI^F@I*>4NKE@XI^[Fkgti~`ob*>4I~n`s~isk~*>4Vsioci~cv*>4 kh*>4Fkoczfs/tch  1 I~s`fej 63!9) kh saj ZOF@S^IE I~n`s~is`ko ^zejv vtjf`h`fieep vsisjv sais saj ~jyzjvs hk~ ~jfk~c`ob saj vjssejgjos sk saj s~`nzoie vakzec nj gicj np ‒nksa ti~s`jv‑ra`ej sa`v vjfs`ko zvjv saj ta~ivj ‒`h ~jyzjvsjc np saj  ti~s`jv‑/

6uTibj

saj gimk~`sp ko i ti~s`fzei~ r`sa saj ib~jjgjos kh saj ti~s`jv t~jxi`ev% saj ksaj~ i~n`s~isk~v ck oks fjivj sil`ob hz~saj~ ti~s `o saj t~kfjjc`obv/ I^N@S^IS@KO T^KFJVV

Saj t~kfjvv kh i~n`s~is`ko fio vsi~s koep `h saj~j `v i xie`c I~n`s~is`ko Ib~jjgjos njsrjjo saj ti~s`jv t~`k~ sk saj jgj~bjofj kh saj c`vtzsj/ Iv tj~ ¢2% vzfa io ib~jjgjos gzvs nj `o r~`s`ob/ Saj fkos~ifs% ~jbi~c`ob ra`fa saj c`vtzsj jq`vsv% gzvs j`saj~ fkosi`o io i~n`s~is`ko feizvj k~ gzvs ~jhj~ sk i vjti~isj ckfzgjos v`bojc np saj ti~s`jv fkosi`o`ob saj i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos/ Saj jq`vsjofj kh io i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos fio ievk nj `ohj~~jc np r~`ssjo fk~~jvtkocjofj vzfa iv ejssj~v% sjejq% k~ sjejb~igv ra`fa t~kx`cj i ~jfk~c kh saj ib~jjgjos/ Io jqfaiobj kh vsisjgjos kh fei`g ioc cjhjofj `o ra`fa jq`vsjofj kh io i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos `v ieejbjc np koj ti~sp ioc oks cjo`jc np ksaj~ `v ievk fkov`cj~jc iv xie`c r~`ssjo i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos/ Iop ti~sp sk saj c`vtzsj fio vsi~s saj t~kfjvv kh ittk`os`ob i~n`s~isk~ ioc `h saj ksaj~ ti~sp ckjv oks fkktj~isj% saj ti~sp fio itt~kifa saj khh`fj kh Fa`jh Mzvs`fj hk~ ittk`osgjos kh io i~n`s~isk~/ Saj~j i~j koep srk b~kzocv ztko ra`fa i ti~sp fio faieejobj saj ittk`osgjos kh  io i~n`s~isk~  ‖  ~jivkoinej ckzns `o saj `gti~s`ie`sp kh saj i~n`s~isk~ ioc saj eifl kh t~ktj~ yzie`h`fis`ko kh saj i~n`s~isk~ iv ~jyz`~jc np saj i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos/ I vkej i~n`s~isk~ k~ i tioje kh i~n`s~isk~v vk ittk`osjc fkovs`szsj saj s aj I~n`s~is`ko S~`nzoie/ Io jhhjfs`xj fkgt~kg`vj t~jvzttkvjv sais nksa saj ti~s`jv sk saj c`vtzsj i~j r`ee`ob in`cj np saj sj~gv ioc fkoc`s`kov kh saj ib~jjgjos/ Ksaj~r`vj% `s oks jhhjfs`xj njfizvj i fkgt~kg`vj fiooks nj koj v`cjc% iv nksa saj v`cjv sk saj c`vtzsjv vakzec ib~jj hk~ vzfa fkgt~kg`vj/

0

Jqfjts hk~ vkgj `osj~`g gjivz~jv% saj~j `v xj~p e`ssej vfktj hk~ mzc`f`ie `osj~xjos`ko `o saj i~n`s~is`ko t~kfjvv/ Saj i~n`s~is`ko s~`nzoie aiv mz~`vc`fs`ko kxj~ `sv kro mz~`vc`fs`ko/ Sazv% `h  i ti~sp riosv sk faieejobj saj mz~`vc`fs`ko kh saj i~n`s~is`ko s~`nzoie% `s fio ck vk koep njhk~j saj s~`nzoie `svjeh/ @h saj s~`nzoie ~jmjfsv saj ~jyzjvs% saj~j `v e`ssej saj ti~sp fio ck jqfjts sk itt~kifa i fkz~s ihsj~ saj s~`nzoie giljv io iri~c/ ¢63 t~kx`cj fj~si`o b~kzocv ztko ra`fa i ti~sp fio ittjie sk saj t~`of`tie f`x`e fkz~s kh k~`b`oie mz~`vc`fs`ko hk~ vjss`ob iv`cj saj iri~c/ Kofj saj tj~`kc hk~ h`e`ob io ittjie hk~ vjss`ob iv`cj io iri~c `v kxj~% k~ `h vzfa io ittjie `v ~jmjfsjc% saj iri~c `v n`oc`ob ko saj ti~s`jv ioc `v fkov`cj~jc iv i cjf~jj kh saj fkz~s/ 0

 Gietis` Vjxivioba x Bzm~is Vsisj Laioc` Laioc` ioc X`eeibj @oczvs~`jv Nki~c >443 !>) I~n E^ :>9 !Bzm/)

3uTibj

TI^S@JV CJV@^J 94

I~n`s~is`ko `v i f~jisz~j kh fkos~ifs/

Sa`v gjiov sais ti~s`jv fio fkos~ifs hk~ rais sajp s ajp rios

ioc jqtjfs h~kg saj`~ c`vtzsj ~jvkezs`ko t~kfjvv/ Ti~s`jv i~s`fzeisj g`o`gie jqtjfsis`kov inkzs saj t~ktj~ ~kej kh i~n`s~isk~v np t`fl`ob i vtjf`h`f sptj kh c`vtzsj ~jvkezs`ko gjfaio`vg/ Sa`v spt`fieep aittjov rajo ti~s`jv fakkvj ti~s`fzei~ `ovs`szs`koie ~zejv% zocj~ ra`fa i~n`s~isk~v gzvs jqj~f`vj saj`~ c`vf~js`ko% k~ vznmjfs`ob saj`~ ib~jjgjos sk ois`koie eirv% ra`fa i~s`fzeisj vsioci~cv kh itt~kt~`isj njaix`kz~/

99

Vzfa i~s`fzeis`ko f~jisjv i vjs kh 

vai~jc zocj~vsioc`obv zocj~vsioc`obv ioc gioibjv ti~sp jqtjfsis`kov inkzs saj itt~kt~`isj ~kej kh cjf`v`ko' gilj~v/ @h ti~s`jv r`va sk aixj i cjf`v`ko'gilj~ rak `v io jqtj~s `o i ti~s`fzei~ `oczvs~p rak jqj~f`vjv fkggj~f`ie mzcbgjos nzs ckjv oks jobibj `o ejbie ioiepv`v% sajp g`bas ixk`c i~n`s~is`ko jos`~jep ioc `ovsjic fakkvj jqtj~s cjsj~g`ois`ko/

9>

E`ljr`vj% `h ti~s`jv ck oks

rios ojzs~ie icmzc`fisk~v nzs `ovsjic rios ti~s`vio i~n`s~isk~v% sajp g`bas ickts ~zejv sais ck oks ~jyz`~j i~n`s~isk~ `gti~s`ie`sp ioc `ocjtjocjofj/

96

@o ksaj~ rk~cv% ti~s`jv rak rios i

fkggj~f`ie cjf`v`ko k~ ti~s`vio cjf`v`ko'gil`ob% fio ioc vakzec vtjf`h`fieep fkos~ifs ck sk vk/ Nzs sajvj t~kfjvvjv i~j oks `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`ko iv rj lokr `s/ Saj gkcj~o ~jie`sp `v sais ti~s`jv ck oks bjoj~ieep rios saj ktjo'sjqsz~jc ktjo'sjq sz~jc c`vf~js`ko kh `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`ko‑v tivs k~  ~igtios ti~s`viova`t kh cjf`v`ko gil`ob/

93

^isaj~% sajp t~jhj~ saj kzsfkgjv kh saj`~ c`vtzsjv

sk nj ri~~iosjc np i ~jfk~c ioc `ocjtjocjos ejbie ioiepv`v  ‖ ioc  ‖  ioc vk sais sajp fio aixj i hi`~ t~kfjvv ra`fa mzvs`h`jv saj jqtjoc`sz~j kh v`bo`h`fios ejbie hjjv ko c`vtzsj ~jvkezs`ko `o tz~vz`s kh n~kicj~ fkggj~f`ie knmjfs`xjv/

9:

94

Feizcj ^/ Sakgvko ( Ioo`j G/L/ H`oo% Gioib`ob io @osj~ois`koie I~n`s~is`ko= I T~ifs`fie Tj~vtjfs`xj% 84' MZE/ C@VT/ ^JVKE/ M/ 23% 28 !>44:) !oks`ob ‚i~n`s~is`ko `v i f~jisz~j kh fkos~ifs% \iocW `s fi o nj fzvskg`}jc sk gjjs saj ti~s`jv saj ti~s`jv ojjcv‘) 99 Vjj ^knj~s G/ Lkvv`fl% M~/ ioc Mze`io Hj~oiocj} Ojfljegioo% Vs~zfsz~`ob T~`xisj Jyz`sp S~iovifs`kov `o Gjq`fk% 8 OIHSI E/ ( NZV/ ^JX/ IG/ 94:% 9:3 !>444) !c`vfzvv`ob fak`fj kh eir feizvjv% i~n`s~is`ko feizvjv% ioc vtjf`hp`ob t~kfjcz~jv sk icc~jvv c`vtzsj ~jvkezs`ko) 9> MKAO LJOCIEE% JQTJ^S CJSJ^G@OIS@KO !>449) 96 Kebi L/ Np~oj% I Ojr Fkcj kh Jsa`fv hk~ Fkggj~f`ie I~n`s~isk~v= Saj Ojzs~ie`sp kh Ti~sp'Ittk`osjc I~n`s~isk~v ko i S~`ti~s`sj Tioje% 64 HK^CAIG Z^N/ E/M/ 919:% 91>6'6> !>446) !oks`ob saj jxkezs`ko irip h~kg n`iv skri~cv `ocjtjocjos ioc `gti~s`ie cjf`v`ko gilj~v ioc saj ojzs~ie`sp a`vsk~`fieep ~jyz`~jc `o `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko)/ 93 Fisaj~`oj I/ ^kbj~v% Saj Xkfis`ko kh saj @osj~ois`koie I~n`s~isk~% >4 IG/ Z/ @OS‑E E/ ^JX/ 0:2% 009 !>44:) \aj~j`oihsj~ ^kbj~v% Xkfis`koW/ 9: Cje`vvi I/ ^`cbrip% @osj~ois`koie I~n`s~is`ko= Saj Ojqs B~krsa @oczvs~p% :3'HJN/ C@VTK/ ^JVKE/ M/ :4% :4' :9 !9000) !vzbbjvs`ob sais `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko `v i b~krsa `oczvs~p njfizvj kh ti~s`jv‑ tj~fj`xjc hi`~ojvv `o saj t~kfjvv ioc saj t~jc`fsin`e`sp ioc fj~si`osp kh saj ~jvzes)/

:uTibj

¢64 `v ajethze t~kx`v`ko `o hif`e`sis`ob saj tjifjhze ioc ig`finej vjssejgjos kh c`vtzsjv/ ‒Saj zvj kh icc`s`koie gjiov kh c`vtzsjv ~jvkezs`ko !vzfa iv fkof`e`is`ko ioc gjc`is`ko) `o io i~n`s~is`ko `v `of~jiv`ob ioc saj~jhk~j t~kx`v`ko gzvs nj gicj np iop gkcj~o i~n`s~is`ko eir sk iffkggkcisj vzfa t~ifs`fjv ioc sk hz~saj~ saj`~ bkie kh io ig`finej vkezs`ko kh saj 98

c`vtzsj/

ICMZC@FISK^P HZOFS@KO

92

Icmzc`fisk~v vai~j fj~si`o fk~j hjisz~jv/ Icmzc`fis`ko `v i cjf`v`ko'gil`ob t~kfjvv sais= 9/ tj~g`sv ti~sp ti~s`f`tis`ko np vzng`ss`ob jx`cjofj ioc khhj~`ob ~jivkojc i~bzgjosv% ioc >/ ~jyz`~jv io icmzc`fisk~ sk ~jocj~ i h`oie ioc n`oc`ob cjf`v`ko sais `v i/ vzttk~sinej nivjc ztko saj ~jfk~c ioc n/ saj icmzc`fisk~‑v `ocjtjocjos mzcbgjos ioc ejbie ioiepv`v/ Rajo icmzc`fis`ko `v `ohjfsjc r`sa ti~s`ie`sp% `s `v oks nivjc ztko ~jivkojc itte`fis`ko kh  itte`finej ejbie ~zejv k~ t~jg`vjc ztko saj ti~s`jv‑ t~kkhv ‖  nzs ~isaj~ ko cjf`v`ko'gilj~v tj~vkoie ~jeis`kova`tv% t~jfkofjts`kov% knmjfs`xjv ioc ` osj~jvsv/

91

Okr i cip ra`ej cjie`ob `o `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`ko% `s ~jyz`~jv saj knmjfs`xj itte`fis`ko kh  ~zejv sk hifsv ioc saj jqj~f`vj kh nkzocjc c`vf~js`ko sk jovz~j sais saj t~kfjvv ioc h`oie kzsfkgj `v ri~~iosjc/

90

Ti~s`jv sk saj i~n`s~is`ko fakkvj r`sa saj ti~s`fzei~ fzesz~j% ejbie

niflb~kzoc r`sa vtjf`h`f jqtj~`jofj `o saj gissj~% i~n`s~isk~v ievk bjoj~ieep aixj io kne`bis`ko sk c`vfekvj sakvj gissj~v sais rkzec fiee `osk yzjvs`ko saj`~ `ocjtjocjofj/

>4

Sakzba azgiov `o saj`~ e`xjv i~j `ohezjofjc np saj xi~`kzv jqtj~`jofjv% `o i~n`s~is`ko% ti~s`jv ivl i~n`s~isk~v sk tzs iv`cj n`ivjv  ‖  ioc hi`~ep ioc `gti~s`ieep jqj~f`vj saj`~ `ocjtjocjos  mzcbgjos sk ittep saj`~ jqtj~s`vj sk saj hifsv ko saj ~jfk~c ioc ~jocj~ i cjf`v`ko nivjc ztko saj eir/ Saj giocisj kh i~n`s~isk~v ioc mzcbjv ~jeisjv sk saj`~ mz~`vc`fs`ko ioc saj jos`s`jv sk ra`fa sajp i~j ~jvtkov`nej/ Saj~j i~j vznsej c`hhj~jofjv `o saj giocisj kh i~n`s~isk~v ioc mzcbjv/ 98

Tjsj~ N`ocj~% @osj~ois`koie Fkgj~f`ie I~n`s~is`ko `o ZOF@S^IE Gkcje Eir Mz~`vc`fs`kov% > Jco%>44:%tt>36%>32%Ti~iv 8'462 ioc 8'430 92 NEIFL‑V EIR C@FS@KOI^P !8sa jc/ 9004) !~jhj~~`ob sk icmzc`fis`ko iv saj ‚ejbie t~kfjvv kh ~jvkex`ob i c`vtzsj‘) 91 ^kbj~v% Vsioci~cv kh Fkoczfs% vjj ievk Mzejv E/ Fkejgio ( N~`io Ej`sj~% Cjsj~g`oifp% Knmjfs`x`sp ioc Izsak~`sp% 93> Z/ TJOO/ E/ ^JX/ :30% :8: !9006) 90 @osj~ois`koie Fkz~s kh I~n`s~is`ko ^zejv kh I~n`s~is`ko% jhhjfs`xj Mio/ 9% 9001% i~s/ 2% is asst=++rrr/`ffrnk/k~b+fkz~s+jobe`va+i~n`s~is`ko+tch[ckfzgjosv+~zejv+~zej v[i~n[jobe`va/tch  \aj~j`oihsj~ @FF ^zejvW !~jyz`~`ob i~n`s~isk~v sk nj ‚`ocjtjocjos‘ ioc v`bo i vsisjgjos kh `ocjtjocjofj) >4 ZOF@S^IE I~n`s~is`ko ^zejv

8uTibj

Mzcbjv cj~`xj saj`~ mz~`vc`fs`ko ioc izsak~`sp h~kg saj vsisj< raj~jiv i~n`s~isk~v cj~`xj saj`~  mz~`vc`fs`ko h~kg ti~s`jv/ Ojxj~sajejvv% saj vsisj `oc`~jfsep viofs`kov i~n`s~is`ko sk saj jqsjos ois`koie ejb`veis`ko k~ mzc`f`ie cjf`v`kov tj~g`s i~n`s~is`ko/ Sajvj c`hhj~jofjv i~j g`ok~ ioc vakzec oks ihhjfs io icmzc`fisk~‑v fitif`sp fitif`s p ioc r`ee`obojvv sk ~jocj~ `gti~s`ie cjf`v`kov/ ICG@O@VS^IS@XJ HZOFS@KO

@o saj t~kfjvv kh gil`ob cjf`v`kov% mzcbjv ioc i~n`s~isk~v i~j nj`ob `of~jiv`obep fieejc ztko sk gioibj gioibj saj t~kfjvv hi`~ep hi`~ep ioc jhh`f`josep/

Saj t~kfjcz~jv t~kfjcz~jv sa~kzba ra`fa sa`v

icg`o`vs~is`ko kffz~v i~j fj~si`oep c`hhj~jos/ Mzcbjv gzvs icaj~j sk ~`b`c ~zejv kh f`x`e t~kfjcz~j ioc jx`cjofj< raj~jiv% vznmjfs sk ti~sp ib~jjgjos% i~n`s~isk~v aixj c`vf~js`ko sk i~s`fzeisj saj itte`finej t~kfjcz~jv/ Mzcbjv khsjo aixj i b~jis cjie kh c`vf~js`ko sk jobibj `o fivj gioibjgjos< gioibjgjos< ioc spt`fieep s pt`fieep sajvj cjf`v`kov i~j koep ~jxj~vjc ztko i vakr`ob kh io inzvj kh c`vf~js`ko/ I~n`s~isk~v i~j ajec sk i v`g`ei~ jxiezis`ko< vakzec sajp hi`e sk in`cj np saj  ti~s`jv‑ ib~jjgjos `o fkoczfs`ob saj t~kfjjc`obv k~ jqfjjc saj`~ saj` ~ c`vf~js`ko% saj iri~c fio nj vjs iv`cj k~ cjo`jc johk~fjgjos/

>9

Ra`ej saj~j i~j f~`s`fie c`vs`ofs`kov njsrjjo i~n`s~isk~v ioc

 mzcbjv% saj c`hhj~jofjv i~j oks vk n~kic iv sk t~jxjos i~n`s~isk~v h~kg jxiezis`ob saj gj~`sv `o i ojzs~ie giooj~ ioc gioib`ob saj t~kfjvv `gti~s`ieep/ `gti~s`iee p/  sa

SAJ 928  EIR FKGG@VV@KO KH @OC@I ^JTK^S  Saj ^jtk~s vsisjc sais `o vjxj~ie fivjv% @oc`io ti~s`jv aixj njjo cjt~`xjc kh i ~`bas sk vjjl  t~kgts'`osj~`g ~je`jh zocj~ ¢0 kh saj Ifs h~kg saj Fkz~s njhk~j saj fkggjofjgjos kh  i~n`s~is`ko t~kfjjc`obv ioc ihsj~ saj iri~c% `o `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`ko iri~cv% k~ ihsj~ saj tivv`ob kh vzfa iri~cv raj~j saj vjis kh i~n`s~is`ko `v kzsv`cj @oc`i njfizvj ¢>!>) fkoh`ojv Ti~s @ kh saj Ifs sk i~n`s~is`kov `o @oc`i/ Saj ^jtk~s hz~saj~ vsisjc sais% `o hifs iee fkzos~`jv ra`fa aixj icktsjc saj ZOF@S^IE Gkcje Eir% ittep I~s`fejv 1% 0% 6: ioc 68 kh saj Gkcje Eir sk `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`ko raj~j saj vjis kh i~n`s~is`ko `v kzsv`cj sais fkzos~p/ Sa`v riv oks oks`fjc rajo saj 9008 Ifs riv tivvjc/ Saj fkgg`vv`ko ihsj~ ~j`sj~is`ob saj jqfjts`ko t~kx`cjc sk I~s`fej 1% 0% 6: ioc 68 `o fivjv kh  teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko nj`ob kzsv`cj saj fkzos~p vsisjc sais% sa`v ivtjfs vkgjakr jvfitjc

>9

Fkoxjos`ko kh 90:1 ko saj ^jfkbo`s`ko ioc Johk~fjgjos kh Hk~j`bo I~n`s~ie I ri~cv% Mzoj 94% 90:1% >9 Z/V/S >:92% 664 Z/O/S/V/ 61% i~s/ X!>)% ixi`einej is asst=++rrr/zof`s~ie/k~b+jobe`va+sjqsv+i~n`s~is`ko+OP'fkox/asg \aj~j`oihsj~ Ojr Pk~l Fkoxjos`koW !jvsine`va`ob saj b~kzocv hk~ ~jhzv`ob johk~fjgjos kh i~n`s~isie iri~cv)

2uTibj

issjos`ko% rajo ¢>!>) riv c~ihsjc `o saj 9008 Ifs/ Sais vjfs`ko fkoh`ojc Ti~s @ !`ofezc`ob ¢¢ 1% 0% 6: ioc 68) koep sk i~n`s~is`kov raj~j saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko `v `o @oc`i/ Saj fkgg`vv`ko saj ~jfkggjocjc sais% saj~j aiv njjo io invkezsj zoio`g`sp sais sa`v cjh`f`jofp `o ¢> !>) aiv sk nj `ggjc`isjep ~jgjc`jc np gil`ob ¢0 !ioc ksaj~ t~kx`v`kov e`lj ¢¢1% 6: ioc 68) itte`finej sk `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~is`kov raj~j saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko `v kzsv`cj @oc`i k~ raj~j saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko `v oks vtjf`h`jc `o saj i~n`s~is`ko ib~jjgjos/ Saj Fkgg`vv`ko fkofezcjc sais% saj ejbie tkv`s`ko `v iv hkeekrv/ Rajsaj~ saj i~n`s~is`ko `v `osj~ois`koie `o oisz~j k~ `v i tz~jep ckgjvs`f i~n`s~is`ko njsrjjo @oc`io ois`koiev% raj~j Ti~s @ itte`jv% saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko gzvs nj `o @oc`i ioc saj~j `v ok yzjvs`ko kh saj ti~s`jv k~ saj `ovs`szs`ko sk ra`fa sajp aixj ~jhj~~jc saj `vvzj kh saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko zocj~ ¢>!8)% sil`ob i cjf`v`ko sais saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko r`ee nj kzsv`cj @oc`i/ Saj inkxj gjos`kojc ^jtk~s kh Eir Fkgg`vv`ko kh @oc`i giljv `s feji~ sais Ti~s @ kh saj Ifs `v itte`finej sk i~n`s~is`kov ajec `o @oc`i ioc oks kzsv`cj @oc`i/ >>

 Nais`i @osj~ois`koie @osj~ois`koie x Nzel S~ic`ob

Ni~jep 8 gkosav ihsj~ Eir Fkgg`vv`ko kh @oc`i vzng`ssjc `sv 928sa ^jtk~s `o Vjtsjgnj~ >449 i 6 mzcbj njofa kh VF `o >44> `o Nais`i @osj~ois`koie x Nzel S~ic`ob% ei`c ckro sais= @o fivjv kh `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`kov ajec kzs kh @oc`i t~kx`v`kov kh Ti~s @ rkzec ittep zoejvv saj ti~s`jv np ib~jjgjos jqt~jvv k~ `gte`jc% jqfezcj iee k~ iop kh `sv t~kx`v`kov/  >6

 ^jivkov hk~ Oko'Itte`fin`e`sp kh Ti~s @ sk I~n`s~is`ko Nj`ob Ajec Kzsv`cj @oc`i

@s `v vzng`ssjc r`sa ~jvtjfs sais saj inkxj cjf`v`ko sais Ti~s @ kh saj Ifs itte`jv ievk sk i~n`s~is`ko sil`ob teifj kzsv`cj @oc`i% fiooks nj iffjtsjc iv fk~~jfs/ @o saj h`~vs teifj% vzn'¢ !>) kh ¢> kh saj Ifs feji~ep t~kx`cjv sais Ti~s @ vaiee ittep raj~j teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko `v `o @oc`i/ Saj hifs sais% Ti~s @ kh saj Ifs jqsjocv sk Miggz ( Livag`~ koep% `o vk hi~ ~jeisjv sk `osj~ois`koie fkggj~f`ie i~n`s~is`ko% ckjv oks bk sk vakr sais Ti~s @ `v itte`finej sk i~n`s~is`kov sil`ob teifj kzsv`cj @oc`i/ Vzn'¢ !:) kh ¢> kh saj Ifs ok ckzns t~kx`cjv sais Ti~s @ vaiee ittep sk iee i~n`s~is`kov ioc sk iee t~kfjjc`obv ~jeis`ob saj~jsk< ra`fa koep gjiov sais Ti~s @ vaiee ittep rajsaj~ i~n`s~is`ko

>>

!>44>)3 VFF 94: asst=++ejbievj~x`fjv`oc`i/fkg+i~s`fej+t~`os/tat;i~s[`c7942:

>6

1uTibj

`v fkggj~f`ie k~ oko fkggj~f`ie% ic'akf k~ `ovs`szs`koie% fkovjovzie k~ vsiszsk~p% ckgjvs`f k~ `osj~ois`koie< nzs `s ckjv oks bk ko hz~saj~ sk vsisj sais Ti~s @ vaiee ittep sk raj~j saj teifj kh i~n`s~is`ko sil`ob teifj iopraj~j% rajsaj~ `o @oc`i k~ oks/ Saj t~kx`v`ko kh vzn'¢: `v fkos~keejc ioc bkxj~ojc np vzn'¢> vsis`ob sais Ti~s @ vaiee ittep raj~j saj teifj kh  i~n`s~is`ko `v `o @oc`i/ @s `v vzng`ssjc sais saj rk~cv kh vzn'¢> kh ¢> i~j vk tei`o% zoign`bzkzv ioc tkv`s`xj sais saj `osj~t~jsis`ko teifjc np saj njofa iss~ifsv f~`s`f`vg kh `sv nj`ob i t`jfj kh mzc`f`ie ejb`veis`ko/ Rajo i tkv`s`xj vsisjgjos `v gicj% `s `v oks ojfjvvi~p sk hz~saj~ gilj i ojbis`xj vsisjgjos k~ sk icc saj rk~c ‚koep‘/ Sil`ob jqigtej h~kg saj jq`vs`ob ejb`veis`kov `o @oc`i= @o fkovs`szs`ko kh @oc`i `h I~s`fej `h I~s`fej 90 vsisjv sais= I~s`fej 90 !9) Iee f`s`}jov vaiee aixj saj ~`bas ' i) sk h~jjckg kh vtjjfa ioc jqt~jvv`ko< n) sk ivvjgnej tjifjinep ioc r`sakzs i~gv< f) sk hk~g ivvkf`is`kov k~ zo`kov< c) sk gkxj h~jjep sa~kzbakzs saj sj~~`sk~p kh @oc`i< j) sk ~jv`cj ioc vjssej `o iop ti~s kh saj sj~~`sk~p kh @oc`i< 9\iocW b) sk t~ifs`vj iop t~khjvv`ko% k~ sk fi~~p ko iop kffztis`ko% kffztis`ko% s~icj k~ nzv`ojvv/ Bk`ob np `osj~t~jsis`ko b`xjo np Vzt~jgj Fkz~s \VFW sk vzn'¢> kh ¢>% v`ofj `s ckjv oks vtjf`h`fieep vsisj sais `s `v i ~`bas ixi`einej koep sk f`s`}jov kh @oc`i% vk `s `v ixi`einej jxjo sk oko f`s`}jov k~ sk hk~j`boj~v/ Bk`ob hz~saj~ v`ofj `s ckjv oks vtjf`h`fieep eip ckro sais saj vsisj vakzec oks `gtkvj hjssj~v ko saj hzocigjosie ~`bas kh h~jjckg% vk saj vsisj fio bk iajic ioc `gtkvj iop l`oc kh  ~jvs~`fs`ko ko sajvj hzocigjosie ~`basv/

0uTibj

FKOFEZV@KO

Saj vzffjvv kh i~n`s~is`ko `o saj pji~v sk fkgj ~jv`cjv% sk vkgj jqsjos% `o saj fkoczfs kh  i~n`s~isk~v/ Saj gk~j `ocjtjocjos ioc `gti~s`ie i~n`s~isk~v i~j% saj gk~j s~zvsrk~sap i~n`s~is`ko r`ee nj/ Sa`v itte`jv sk iee hk~gv kh i~n`s~is`ko% rajsaj~ fkggj~f`ie% s~icj'~jeisjc k~ `oxjvsgjos i~n`s~is`ko/ Saj oisz~j kh s~icj ioc `oxjvsgjos i~n`s~is`ko% saj i~n`s~ie nkc`jv sais icg`o`vsj~ sajg i~j e`ljep sk cjgioc vs~`fs vsioci~cv kh i~n`s~isk~ fkoczfs/ Saj ~jivko c`vfekvz~j kh fkohe`fsv kh `osj~jvs% jxjo `osj~jvsv sais g`bas b`xj ~`vj sk io itt~jajov`ko kh n`iv% `v ~jyz`~jc/ ^jfjos fivjv vakr sais saj hi`ez~j sk c`vfekvj fkohe`fsv fio hk~g saj niv`v hk~ i faieejobj sk saj ittk`osgjos ioc ktjo saj ckk~ sk i gks`ko sk vjs iv`cj saj iri~c/ Akrjxj~% cjf`c`ob rajsaj~ io `osj~jvs k~ ~jeis`kova`t fkzec b`xj ~`vj sk io itt~jajov`ko itt~jajov`ko kh n`iv `v i c`hh`fzes `vvzj hk~ jxj~p i~n`s~isk~/ @o i~n`s~is`ko `oxkex`ob vkxj~j`bo Vsisjv ioc bkxj~ogjosie jos`s`jv% saj ojjc hk~ i feji~ep zon`ivjc tioje `v ti~igkzos/ Hk~ sa`v ~jivko% saj ois`koie`sp kh saj i~n`s~isk~% `h saj vigj iv i ti~sp `v jokzba sk c`vyzie`hp saj i~n`s~isk~ h~kg vj~x`fj njfizvj kh% `s `v t~jvzgjc eifl kh  `ocjtjocjofj/ Saj c`hh`fzesp `v `o oks ~jgkx`ob yzie`h`jc i~n`s~isk~v h~kg saj tkke np kxj~ep koj~kzv c`vfekvz~j ~jyz`~jgjosv/ Jxjo vk% `s vjjgv njssj~ sk j~~ ko saj v`cj kh kxj~'c`vfekvz~j sk gi`osi`o saj `osjb~`sp kh sajvj a`baep jhhjfs`xj hk~gv kh i~n`s~is`ko/ Saj nkcp `oxkexjc `/j/ ti~s`jv% i~n`s~isk~v ioc `ovs`szs`kov vakzec itt~jf`isj saj ~jvtjfs sk nj bi`ojc np jobib`ob `o `ocjtjocjos cjf`v`ko'gil`ob/ Sajp vakzec saj~jhk~j i~s`fzeisj feji~ep rais fkoczfs `v jqtjfsjc kh `osj~ois`koie i~n`s~isk~v ioc t~kx`cj `ofjos`xjv sk ixk`c `oitt~kt~`isj fkoczfs/ @o sa`v rip% rj fio hz~saj ~ i~n`s~is`ko‑v zes`gisj mzvs`fj't~kgks`ob mzvs`fj't~kgks`ob knmjfs`xjv ioc t~kgksj saj `osjb~`sp kh i c`vtzsj ~jvkezs`ko gjfaio`vg r`sa f~`s`fie `osj~ois`koie `gte`fis`kov/

94 u T i b j

IZSAK^‐V T^KH@EJ= Oigj= Io`gjva Lzgi~ Fkz~vj= N/I
View more...

Comments

Copyright ©2017 KUPDF Inc.
SUPPORT KUPDF