RNP Simulation Procedure&Simulation Result Summary for WC&EC0315

RNP Processes & Simulation Summary for Northern Part of UAE

15th March 2004

Contents

RNP Methodolody RNP Procedure RNP Parameter Setting RNP Results Summary

Contents

RNP Methodolody RNP Procedure RNP Parameter Setting RNP Results Summary

Objectives of Radio Network Planning

 RNP achieves balance among: 

Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking and delay



Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the entire service area





Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still  provide the required Gos/QoS Costs: to enable an economical network implementation and a controlled network expansion during the life cycle of the network 

What is New in WCDMA

 Multiservice environment  ―

Bit rates from 8 kbits/s to 2 Mbit/s and variable rate

 ―

Quality classes • Different QoS requirements

 ―

Asymmetrical up and downlink traffic

 Air Interface  ―  ―  ―

Capacity and coverage coupled via interference margin  Neighbor cells coupled via interference Receiver performance depends on •  bit rate • environment

 ―

Soft handover 

What Is New in the RNP of WCDMA  WCDMA system is interference-limited.  Capacity vs. Coverage • Increasing system loading offers more capacity while increasing intra-cell interference and thus reduce coverage range (Application: Cell breathing)

Dependency among Capacity, Coverage and Quality of WCDMA System

 Capacity vs. Quality • System capacity can be achieved by relaxing quality requirement for some connections (Application: Reduce BLER target value by outer-loop power control)

 Coverage vs. Quality • Coverage range can be expanded by relaxing quality requirement for some connections (Application: Slow down data speed by AMRC or  DCCC to accommodate large path loss)

Capacity

Interference Quality

Coverage

Planning Methodologies  There are basically two possible types of 3rd Generation

planning methods  ―

Static Calculation •  A deterministic algorithm is used to analyse the performance of the network configured within the planning tool • Repeating an analysis gives the same result

 ―

Simulation • Statistical processes and an iterative system status calculation used to analyse the performance of the network configured within the planning tool • Repeating an analysis may give different results

 Some tools use a combination of methods or hybrid

methods

Static Calculation  A statistical analysis of the network is used to derive design

thresholds  In UMTS the following mechanisms must be accounted for: 

Soft handover gain (typically ~5dB at the cell edge)



Interference Margins (both intra cell and inter cell)



Control and signalling overheads



Fading Margins (to achieve a given coverage probability)



Special technique margins(Adaptive antenna, Transmit diversity, Mult User Detection…)

Simulation  Simulation proved to be essential in

developing and deploying 3G Systems  ―

Link Level Simulation • For physical layer algorithm development and performance evaluation • Its output for hardware&ASIC implementation and for higher level simulations • Tools: COSSAP, SPW

 ―

 ―

System Level Simulation • For RRM algorithm development and RAN System performance evaluation • Its output for RRM Algorithm implementation and higher level simulation • Tools: OpeNet Network Level Simulation • For network volume prediction and network perfromance evaluation • analyse the performance of a ‘snapshot’ of the network • Tools: Enterprise, Atoll

Simulation There

are two types of simulations

Dynamic  ―

 ―

Simulate UEs moving through the network in successive timeslots Link level & System level simulations belong to dynamic simulation

Static  ―  ―

 ―

Simulations

Simulations

 Analyse the performance of a ‘snapshot’ of the network network  A snapshot is an instance in time, with UEs in in statistically determined places Network level simulations

Static Simulations  One or more snapshots of the network are taken  In each snapshot a mobile or terminal list is generated  Various failure mechanisms are typically considered 

maximum mobile power 



maximum Node B power reached



no available channels



low pilot Ec/Io



uplink/downlink interference

 The performance of the network is then analysed from

the results of the snapshots carried out

Monte Carlo Simulations



Monte Carlo Simulation is a simulation Method in Noisy  Environment.



It relies upon a large  number of statistically independent snapshots



The mean performance of the network over these snapshots is then determined



The number of snapshots needed depends on the performance to be simulated, the smaller the probability, the more snapshots needed

Overview of Monte Carlo Simulation

Overview of Snapshot

Monte Carlo Simulation

1 iteration

500 iteration

10 iteration

100 iteration

1000 iteration

10000 iteration

Dynamic Simulations  Dynamic simulations look at mobiles moving through the

network  A mobile list is generated and solved for the first timeslot  The simulation may consider time to be split into: 

Sample, chip periods: Link level simulation



bit periods: used for particular algorithm development (Coding, Decoding)



timeslots (SNR considered): System level simulation

 Successive timeslots are then simulated dependant upon

the results of the previous timeslot

Comparison of methods

Static Analysis

Accuracy

Complexity

Time Taken

Static Simulation

Not very – particularly Reasonable – but with global margins doesn’t deal with the (IS-95 experience) dynamic network performance Relatively More difficult to straightforward to use configure and more once configured complicated results. Shortest – as ‘quick’ as for GSM

Dynamic Simulation Probably quite high assuming no bad assumptions are made to speed it up Difficult to judge results.

Moderate – Extremely long if  depending on number  multiple runs of terminals and cells performed for  statistical validity

Contents

RNP Methodology RNP Procedure RNP Parameter Setting RNP Results Summary

Radio Network Planning Flowchart Preparation Phase

Network Dimensioning

Nominal Planning

RF Engineering

Detailed Planning

Site Construction

•Link Budget •Capacity Analysis

•Simulation •RNP Tools

Preparation Phase  In the preparation phase, prerequisites of 

network planning are defined:  ―

Coverage & capacity objectives

 ―

Selection of network planning strategies • What Strategies

 ―

Initial design and operation parameters • Geographical information • Forecast of service distribution & traffic density • GoS/QoS requirements • Cell Parameters

Network Dimensioning  Network dimensioning is carried out in the beginning of a

project. It results in:  ―

 ―  ―

First and most rapid evaluation of the network elements count and capacity of these elements. Offered traffic estimation.  Joint capacity-coverage estimation.

 Activities  ―  ―  ―

 ―

Link budget and coverage analysis Capacity estimation Estimation of the BS hardware and sites, RNCs and equipment at different interfaces. Estimation of Iur, Iub, Iu transmission capacities. Cell size estimation

Network Dimensioning Input  System Constrains  ―  ―

Spectrum available Target Area to coverage

Output  Scale of network  ―

 Site configuration

 Traffic  ―  ―  ―  ―

Traffic type Traffic model Traffic distribution Forecast of growth

 GoS & QoS  ―  ―  ―

Coverage probability Blocking rate Delay & Delay Variance

Number of sites

 ―

Sectorisation

 ―

Carrier number

 Cost  ―

Cost of Node B &  RNC equipment

Assumptions for Network Dimensioning 

The planning area is covered with a hexagonal grid for each morphology.



For roads, there is no hexagonal grid, takes into account cells face to face. Usually the length of the roads is divided by twice the cell range to find the required number of cells.



The cell range is defined for each morphology or for the roads by the link budget of the limiting service in this morphology



The different morphologies generally considered are dense urban, urban, suburban and rural.



 No tuned propagation model available in this phase, the standard  propagation model of COST231-Hata is generally used.



The sites are not positioned, only a global number of sites is given.

Network Dimensioning-Coverage&Capacity Est.  Simple coverage estimation  ―

Link budgets are used to calculate maximal path losses.

 ―

Path loss is converted into cell range for different environments.

 ―

Cell ranges are used to estimate typical site coverage areas.

 ―

Estimate the average site coverage area for each environment.

 Simple capacity estimation  ―

Given an estimate of the traffic profile per subscriber we can calculate the offered traffic per km 2 in each type of environment

 ―

Given the capacity of a cell we can estimate the average sites in each type of environment

Network Dimensioning  Tools aided dimensioning

Dimensioning for UMTS  The coverage and capacity relationship in UMTS is very

close  Typically spreadsheet dimensioning tools for UMTS take a

combined iterative approach: 









 The range of a cell is calculated from a link budget containing an interference margin  The area covered by one cell is then calculated from the range  The traffic is then calculated from the area and subscriber density  The loading of the cell is then calculated from the captured traffic And then the link budget is recalculated from the new loading

 The loop is repeated until convergence is reached

Network Dimensioning  Service-specific Information Service Type, Proportion Service Density Service Forecast

 Propagation Model  COST231-HATA, COST231-HATA,.. ....

Geographical information DU km2 2 ??km^2 UDU km 2 km^2 U km ?? SU 2 SU km ??km^2 RA RA km ??km^2 HW

HW ??km

UL cell range with specific UL loading

DL Loading 覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆 in specific 下行负负 circumstances

Cell Range

Number of Site

Shrink the Cell N Adjust UL loading Downwards

Add the amount of configuration (sectorization, carriers,...)

If the upper limit of configuration be reached

Y

Larger than (Capacity-limited) Less than (Coverage-limited)

Cell Range

Cell Loading vs. Equal to Maximum Allowable Value SiteConfiguration

Nominal Planning  A nominal plan is initially a hypothetical wireless network

and a starting point for the cell rollout process.  Information of theoretical

sites is presented in the nominal plan, including following specifications:  ―

Site coordinates

 ―

Antenna height above ground: this specification requires the knowledge of the average clutter  height in each morphology

 ―

Antenna azimuths and tilts

Nominal Planning  Site location and cell configurations like azimuth and tilt of 

antenna are adjusted to fulfill the requirements on coverage.

Nominal Planning  Constraints on nominal planning:  ―

Performance objectives • The definition of the target zones  –  Residential zones  –  Business zones  –  Mix business/residential zones  –  Busy roads, avenues, highways  –  Harbor, Airport, other zones with high traffic  –  Etc…

• For each target zone  –  Priority & schedule for deployment  –  Expected traffic and service distribution  –  Type of coverage per zone: outdoor, in car, indoor window, deep indoor, etc…  –  Type of service per zone: voice, 64 UDD U/L and D/L, etc…  –  QoS

Nominal Planning

 ―

Antenna Height, which is needed in the dimensioning phase and must be refined for the pre-engineering

Note that the antenna height above ground are only given as example. They depend on the morphology and link budget.

RF Engineering

 For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in

this phase through following steps: Define search areas Identify site options Site selection Site acquisition

 Probably best to use:  



Static analysis for initial candidate shortlisting Static Simulation over a small area for final candidate selection Static Simulation over a large area for final validation

RF Engineering: Define search areas  ―  ―  ―

 ―

The sites in a nominal plan are only imaginary. To become a real network, physical sites are required. A suitable physical site must be found for each nominal site. A suitable physical site must amongst other things : 

Give adequate radio coverage.  Have connectivity into the transmission network.  Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community.  Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.  ―

A survey of each nominal site is normally carried out to identify possible site options which meet the above criteria.

RF Engineering-Define search areas

 ―

Guidelines have to be given to the surveyor so the options give appropriate radio coverage.

 ―

The guideline is given in the form of a search area. Could be: • Radius from the nominal site. • One or more polygons following height contours.

Or 

RF Engineering: Site selection  ―

Radio coverage and interference ranking • Static analysis by the help of RF tool or relevant function in RNP tools

 ―

 A3rd

Deployment ranking • Site sharing

D1st

• Room for equipment • Power supply transmission line • Etc …

 ―

 Nominate a preferred option and possibly a  backup option.

&

C2nd

B - Unsuitable

RF Engineering: Site acquisition

 ―  ―  ―  ―  ―  ―

Run more than one site simultaneously. Negotiate with site owners. Prepare drawings. Draw up leases. Apply for planning permissions. As soon as one option is ready to proceed • Sign the lease • Abandon the alternative • Enter site into building program.

Detailed Planning 

By approaching a practical operation environment for  radio network, more accuracy is achieved in the simulation in this phase.



The process of detailed planning involves repeated static analysis, static simulations by simulators based on:  ―  ―  ―  ―  ―  ―  ―

Digital map  Tuned propagation model Site coordinates and parameters Node B parameters Cell parameters Service & traffic distribution Call admission and radio resource management algorithms

Detailed Planning  The simulator consists of three basic parts:

Detailed Planning

Contents

RNP Methodology RNP Procedure RNP Parameter Setting RNP Results Summary

Parameter Classification



Quite a lot of parameters need to be set during simulation



Classified into three types 

Traffic&Service Parameters



Equipment (BS, UE) Parameters



Propagation Environment Parameters

Traffic&Service Parameters  Specified by Etisalat  Radio Access Bearers Supported  ―

UL(kbps): CS12.2, CS64, PS64

 ―

DL(kbps): CS12.2, CS64, PS64, PS128, PS384

 Composite service supported(UL,kbps/DL,kbps)  ―

CS(kbps):12.2/12.2k, 64/64

 ―

PS(kbps):64/64, 64/128, 64/384

 Each subscriber support all the service

Required Service Throughput Service

Traffic/User (DL)

Traffic/User (UL)

Voice 12.2

0.0500

0.0500

CS64

0.0055

0.0055

PS64/64

70KB/H

30KB/H

PS64/128

140KB/H

60KB/H

PS64/384

280KB/H

90KB/H

 Activity factor Assumed : 0.67 for Speech and 1 for CS 64kbps

Traffic Related Parameters Parameter

DL Erlang(Erl)

Gos

Best Effort

Retransmission ratio

1%(5% suggested)

Service Peak to Average Factor 

1.4

Activity Factor

0.7

Relation between throughput and Traffic:  ErlangPerS ubscriber  =

Thouthput * 8 * (1 + RetransmissionRate) * TrafficPeaktoAverageratio 3600 * TransmissionRateofService * ActivityFacgtor 

Traffic per Subscriber

Service

Activity Factor

UL Erlang(Erl)

DL Erlang(Erl)

Voice

0.67

0.0500

0.0500

CS64

1

0.0055

0.0055

PS64/64

0.7

0.0021

0.0049

PS64/128

0.7

0.0042

0.0049

PS64/384

0.7

0.0063

0.0033

Traffic Density  Number of subscribers  ―

 ―

Total Number of Subscribers accommodated in network is decided by number of sites, propagation condition, and QOS requirements  Active Subscribers determined by total Number of  Subscribers and the traffic of each subscriber 

 Subscriber distribution  ―

 ―

Subscribers distributed into polygons based on number of  sites; Distribution in one polygon dependent on clutter types

Traffic Density  In WCDMA, AMRC (Adaptive multi-Rate Control)

for voice and DCCC( Dynamic Channel Configuration Control) for packet service make traffic modeling even more complex  ―

In the simulation, AMRC and DCCC not considered

  Activity factor   ―

While the subscriber is inactive during a call, less power is required and less interference is caused. That is, the subscriber release some of resource.

Traffic Density :Total Number of Subscribers

City

Number of Sites

Total Number of  Subscribers

Sharjah&Ajman

27

22000

UMM

2

2320

Ras al Khammah

7

7700

Al Fujeirah

5

5800

Traffic Density (Number of Active Subscribers) City

Voice

CS 64

PS64/64

PS128/64 PS384/64

Shj&Ajm

1100

120

108

108

72

UMM

116

13

11

11

8

Ras al Khammah

385

42

38

38

25

Fujeirah

290

32

28

28

19

Number of Active subscribers derived from total number of subscribers and the traffic of  each one, and is finally used in simulation

Traffic User Density among Clutters %in Building

Weight

Normalized weight

Blockbuildings

90

150

22.22

Openinurban

80

120

17.78

Residential

90

100

14.81

Denseurban

80

100

14.81

Meanurban

70

100

14.81

Industrial

80

50

7.41

Village

70

10

1.48

Rural

70

10

1.48

Parks

0

10

1.48

Open

0

10

1.48

Sea

0

5

0.74

Inlandwater

0

5

0.74

Forest

0

5

0.74

Clutter type

BS&UE Parameters  UE Parameters related to performance are needed in

simulation  UE is supposed to support all types of service predefined  BS parameters related performance are needeed in

simulation  BS hardware resources are considered in terms of channel

elements  System configuration will affect the performance, such as

diversity, Sectorisation, Power Control Mode. Beside hardware resource, all parameters related to link loss budget in given capacity situations.

UE Parameters Voice

Other Services

Max Mobile Power (dBm)

21

24

TX Dynamic Range (dB)

70

70

Required Pilot Ec/Io (dB)

-15

-13

Power Ctl. Step Size (dB)

1

1

Antenna Gain (dBi)

0

0

Body Loss (dB)

3

0

 Noise Figure (dB)

7

7

Terminal

 According to 3GPP TS 25.101, four classes of output power are

specified for UE: 21dBm; 24dBm; 27dBm; 33dBm  Required Pilot Ec/Io is different among bearers

BS Hardware Resource Max Number of Primary Channels

384 for three sectors

 Number of Channel Elements

307 for three sectors

Max Number of  Handover Channel Elements Max Power per User  (dBm)

77 for three sectors 33 for voice and 36 for other service

NodeB in 3-sector configuration is applied in simulation

Cell Parameters UTMS CELL Parameters

 Noise Rise Limit (dB)

6

Orthogonality factor

0.55

Pilot Power (dBm)

33

Max TX Power (dBm)

43

Pri Cmn Channel Power (dBm)

31

Sec Cmn Channel Power (dBm)

31

Pri Sync Channel Power (dBm)

28

Sec Sync Channel Power (dBm)

28

Soft Handover Window (dB)

5

 Noise Figure

3

Active set size

3

Demodulation Performance

Bearers

Qos(BLER)

UL Eb/No

DL Eb/No

CS12.2k 

1%

2.85

7.16

CS 64k 

0.2%

1.2

4.36

PS 64k 

5%

0.84

4.08

PS 128k 

5%

0.14

3.48

PS 384k 

5%

0.02

4.3

Antenna Parameters  Sectorization: 3-sector configuration  Four types of antenna used in northern part Antenna

Gain (dB)

Horizontal Beam Width

Vertical Beam Width

GB 5162100

16

66.5

5.5

GB 5165100

17

64.5

6.5

TG D3

16.8

65.5

5

MG D3

15.8

61

5.5

Diversity  Diversity mode  ―

Uplink receive diversity used in simulation • two-antenna Diversity • Rake Receiver & maximum Ratio Combining • Macro Diversity

 ―

Downlink receive diversity used in simulation • Rake Receiver & maximum Ratio Combining • Macro Diversity

 ―

Transmit diversity: not used in simulation • TSTD (Time Switched Transmit Diversity) • STTD (Space time Transmit Diversity) • Closedloop transmit diversity

TMA&Cable  Tower mounted amplifier (TMA) not used in simulation  ―

 ―

 ―

TMA can compensate for cable loss in uplink, thus improve uplink coverage TMA causes attenuation to Downlink transmit Power, thus decrease downlink coverage and capacity. Nominal Insertion loss is 0.5dB, connector loss is 0.2dB; Nominal gain is 12dB.

 Cable  ―

7/8 inch type is assumed in simulation

 ―

Nominal loss : 6dB/100meters

 ―

Length: Site height+5meters

 TMA only suitable to uplink coverage limited situation

Propagation: Morphology Information  ―

Generally, there are 5 types of planning area: • • • • •

 ―

Dense Urban Urban Suburban Rural Area Highway

The type of area impacts: • Mean penetration loss • Standard deviation of slow fading • path loss

 ―

Propagation properties should be modeled for simulation, or  the typical models can be used.

Channel model  ―

 ―

The channel model defines the number of signal path, relative path losses and delay variances to abstract the wireless channel.  According to specifications of 3GPP R4 TR25.943 V4.0.0, typical channel models are used as followings: • • • • • • •

Static: no multipath (line-of-sight)  TU3: typical urban area, pedestrian, 3km/h  TU50: typical urban area, vehicle, 50km/h  TU120: typical urban area, vehicle, 120km/h RA120: rural area, vehicle, 120km/h RA250: rural area, vehicle, 250km/h HT120: hilly terrain, vehicle, 120km/h

Channel model (Ctn.)  ―

Values of parameters varies with the channel in the wireless environment. The variances are acquired generally by the link simulation.  Link performance: required Eb/No in both ends

of the channel  Downlink interference margin: due to the variance of orthogonal factor in different channel environments  Fast fading margin (Power control headroom): due to different link performance  Soft handover gain over fast fading margin: due to different link performance

Scenario of Link Budget 

PL_DL

Soft Handover Area

Antenna

Cable

 

• Interference Margin • Fast Fading Margin • Margin for Background Noise

Duplexer 

PL_UL • SHO Gain

• Slow Fading Margin

• Penetration Loss

TX RX  Node B



Antenna  

Duplexer  TX RX UE

• Body Loss • Interference Margin • Fast Fading Margin • Margin for Background Noise

负 Receiver Sensitivity 负 PDCH_Max 负 Minimum Required Signal Strength 负 EiRP 负 PUE_Max

Propagation Model :COST231-Hata  Lu (d ) = 46.3 + 33.9 * log(  f  ) − 13.82 log( H b ) − a ( H m ) +

[ 44.9 − 6.55 * log( H b )] * log(d ) + C m

a( H m ) = [1.1* log( f  ) − 0.7]] * H m − [1.56 * log( f  ) − 0.8] C m

C m

=

=

3

For metropolitan centers

0

For Medium sized city and suburban centers with moderate tree density

Frequency f Base Station Height Hb Mobile Height Hm Distance d

1500-2000MHz 30-200m 1-10m 1-20km

COST231-Hata model applied to large and small cells in urban areas

Propagation Model: Asset Standard Macro Model

 Lp ( d ) =  K 1 +

 K 2 * log(d )

+

 K 3 * H ms

+

 K 4 * log( H ms )

+

 K 5 * log( H eff   )

+

 K 6 * log( H eff   ) * log(d )

+

 K 7 * Ldiff  

+

 Lclutter 

Asset Standard Macro Model is the general type of  COST-231-Hata for calibration

Carrier Wave (CW) Measurements

 CW measurements are accurate

radio measurements used to calibrate propagation models.  A number of temporary test sites

are used for the test transmissions.  Signal strength measurements

and GPS fixes are made along predefined routes.  These measurements must be

averaged before they can be used for model calibration.

GPS

CW Test Sites  A typical network would require 4 different propagation models

eg.  ―  ―  ―  ―

Dense Urban Urban Suburban Rural

 The test sites used for propagation modeling should:  ― Be representative of typical cellular sites.  ― Should be free of obstacles.  Sufficient measurements must be made in each clutter type for 

the model to be valid.  Typically the distances driven for each site would be in the order  of   ―  ―

80km per urban test site. 160km per rural test site.

CW Measurement

 Carrier wave measurements are

made from test transmitters.  The measurements are plotted

vs. log(distance).  A straight line is fitted through

the data.  A basic y=mx +c formula can be

used to estimate path loss.  The formula can be modified to

account for other factors eg. Tx height, Rx height & terrain effects.

Plot of measurements vs. log(distance)

Referent Model: Cost231-Hata at 2GHz Model

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K7

Dense Urban

165.55

44.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Urban

162.55

44.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Suburban

150.28

44.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Rural(Qu asi-open)

135.04

44.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Rural (open)

130.04

44.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Correction factors given in Okumura-Hata Model are used for Suburban and Rural

Contents

RNP Methodology RNP Procedure RNP Parameter Setting RNP Results Summary

Coverage & Capacity Objectives  Coverage Area: Totally 254.16 Sq. Km. 2 sites in

East Coast not considered 覆

Sharjah

Ajman

UMM

Ras Khammah

Fujeirah

Number of sites Dense Urban Urban Total (sq.km.)  Coverage Reliability: Area Coverage Probability no less than

95% for voice service

Coverage & Capacity Objectives (ctn)  Traffic density: Active Users for each

Service determined by number of sites

City

Voice

CS 64

PS64/64

PS128/6 4

PS384/6 4

Shj&Ajm

1100

120

108

108

72

UMM

116

13

11

11

8

Ras al Khammah

385

42

38

38

25

Fujeirah

290

32

28

28

19

Examples of User Distribution

Propagation Model: Tuned Results K1

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K7

Dense Urban(Shj)

151.8 4

59.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Dense Urban(Ajm )

148.8 4

59.90

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Urban

139.7 4

53.11

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Suburban

132.9 1

53.64

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Rural

126.0 0

48.75

-2.93

0

-13.82

-6.55

0

Model

144.3

54.92 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Korfukan 1  Model for Korfukan is inaccurate due to out-of-date digital

map

Propagation Model: Comparson Model

Tuned

Cost 231-Hata

K1

K2

K3

K4

Dense Urban

151.8 4

59.90

165.55

44.90

Urban

139.7 4

53.11

162.55

44.90

Suburban

132.9 1

53.64

150.28

44.90

Rural

126.0 0

48.75

130.04

44.90

 Constant values of K1 are less than that of standard model,

caused mainly by Clutter definations  Slope values of K2 are larger than that of standard model. Similar conclusions in other districts.

Clutter Offset

Clutter Type

Offset (dB)

Open

0

Sea

-1

Inlandwater

-1

meanUrban

0

Forest

15

BlockBuilding

7

rural

-0.9

Composite Simulation Results Coverage Probability

CS 12/ 12kbps

CS 64/ 64kbps

PS 64/ 64kbps

PS 64/ 128kbps

PS 64/ 384kbps

Shj&Ajm

92.59%

87.35%

82.4%

67.83%

36.53%

UMM

95.24%

92.05%

85.30%

66.36%

34.72%

Ras al Khammah

95.68%

88.98%

83.28%

67.36%

38.51%

Fujeirah

93.93%

88.63%

76.82%

65.29%

30.99%

Simulation Results-12.2k Coverage Probability

Simulation Result Analysis  Coverage Probability near target value of 

95% for 12.2K Service.  UMM contains 2 sites, less interference to

each other, hence get good performance.  Put less users per site in Ras al Khammah

than in UMM, performance is acceptable.  Due to propagation condition, network in

Shj&Ajm accommodates less users per site.

Engineering Parameter Optimization  Azimuth and tilt are key parameters to determine the

intercell interference, coverage, and hence capacity   The optimal Tilts related to Ant. Height and cell radius.   The optimization of azimuths and Tilts: Best Pilot Strength

in Serving area;  In suburban, rural and the boundary of network, coverage

capability needs to be considered.  Optimization of azimuth needs to consider Operator's

experience and knowledge: traffic distribution and near- by obstacles

Please refer simulation documents for detailed adjustments

Simulation Results after Adjustment

Coverage Probability

Shj&Ajm

CS 12/ 12kbps 95.59%

CS 64/ 64kbps

PS 64/ 64kbps

PS 64/ 128kbps

PS 64/ 384kbps

91.69%

88.61%

76.42%

44.89%

UMM

95.24%

92.05%

85.30%

66.36%

34.72%

Ras al Khammah

95.68%

88.98%

83.28%

67.36%

38.51%

Fujeirah

93.93%

88.63%

76.82%

65.29%

30.99%

Improvement through Adjustment

Coverage Probability

PS 64/ 64kbps

PS 64/ 128kbps

PS 64/ 384kbps

3.00% 4.34%

6.21%

8.59%

8.36%

UMM

2.16%

5.14%

9.76%

16.93%

11.47%

Ras al Khammah

2.17%

0.32%

2.57%

6.55%

5.78%

Shj&Ajm

Fujeirah

CS 12/ 12kbps

CS 64/ 64kbps

1.97% 0.97%

7.23% 11.24%

10.59%

Further Considering  Downtilts affect coverage, capacity, handover region and

pilot pollution, so downtilt adjustments are strongly recommended.  Polygon definition affects azimuth adjustment. Coverage

should be considered in initial stage. The suggestion can only be taken as a reference.  Sites with big antenna height are expected to adjust with

priority.  Omni-sites need to be replaced in time, because they

severely interfere neighbors.   The engineering parameters are expected to keep up-to-

date during adjustment

RNP simulation can only model the real network to some accuracy, detail suggestions will be available after first round radio network optimization