RITMO E DANCA Livro-Texto - Unidade I

 

Sitmd a Ehjìh Hutdras? [rdnh. @i`ihj ^iairh eh Vi`vh [rdn. H`axhjera Bibuti eh Vi`vh Fd`hcdrhedras? [rdnh. ^hjassh Vhjtgihld   [rdn. Mèrid Hjeré Vild`i

 

[rdnassdras fdjtaueisths? @i`ihj ^iairh eh Vi`vh / H`axhjera Bibuti eh Vi`vh @i`ihj ^iairh eh Vi`vh @ifajfiheh am Ehjìh jh Qjivarsiehea [hu`isth ea Hrtas (3;;). Ijtalrdu lrupds ea hprasajthìæd am  ohzz  a  a asti`d `ivra am vèrids avajtds a aspatèfu`ds ea ehjìh. Urifhmpaæd crhsi`aird ed Crhzi`ihj Vtraat Ehjfa Nastivh` fdm d lrupd GI[ ea `h GD[. Ax-ijtalr Ax-ijtalrhjta hjta ed lrupd ea straat ehjfa  Fdmphjgih  Fdmphjgih ea [arndrmhjfa/Saac [arndrmhjfa/Saacddb. ddb. Htudu fdmd fdraölrhnd ea straat ehjfa  a  a prdnassdr ea ritmds am hfheamih h fheamih pdr 87 hjds. Easea 3;;1, é prdnassdr eh eisfip`ijh ea Sitmd a Ehjìh jh Qjivarsiehea [hu`isth ‖ QJI[.

Eheds Ijtarjhfidjhis ea Fhth`dlhìæd jh [uc`ifhìæd (FI[) V1 V177>r

Vi`vh, @i`i`iihj ^iairh eh. Sitmd a ehjìh. / @i`ihj ^iairh eh Vi`vh, H`axhjera Bibuti eh Vi`vh. ‖ Væd [hu`d? Aeitdrh Vd`, 3;8>. 77 p., i`. Jdth? asta vd`uma astè puc`ifhed jds Fhearjds ea Astueds a [asquishs eh QJI[, Véria Eieètifh, hjd WWII, j. 3-88>/8>, IVVJ 818 3.8.6 Ijeivíeud jæd hrrítmifd ......................................................................................................................8>

3.3 Aurritmih .................................... ...................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................... 8< 6 A@AMAJUDV ED SIUMD ..................................... ....................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................... 87 6.8 [u`sd ................................... ..................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ...........87 87 6.3 Fdmphssd .................................. .................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................... 87 6.3.8 Fdmphssd cijèrid ...................................................................................................................................89 6.3.3 .................................................................................................................................89 6.3.6 Fdmphssd Fdmphssd tarjèrid quhtarjèrid .........................................................................................................................89

6.6 Nrhsa musifh` ........................................... ............................................................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 89 6.5 C`dfd musifh` .................................... ...................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ...........3; 3; 6.1 Hjehmajtd .................................. .................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... .................38 38 6.> [hush musifh` ................................... ..................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ...........36 36 6.< Hfajtd musifh` ................................. ................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ............................. ...........36 36 6.7 Htd ea duvir, duvir, sdm a suhs fhrhftarístifhs ................................... ..................................................... .................................... ................................ ..............36 36 6.9 Vdm .................................. .................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................ ..............36 36 6.9.8 6.9.3 6.9.6 6.9.5

H`turh ...........................................................................................................................................................35 Ijtajsiehea ...............................................................................................................................................35 Uimcra .........................................................................................................................................................35 Eurhìæd .......................................................................................................................................................31

6.8; Mÿsifh ................................... ..................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 31 6.8;.8 Ma`deih .....................................................................................................................................................3>

 

6.8;.3 Ghrmdjih .................................................................................................................................................3> 6.8;.6 @aiturh musifh` ......................................................................................................................................3< 6.8;.5 Mhpahmajtd musifh` .........................................................................................................................37 6.8;.1 ^hrihìñas ^hrihìñas ea fdjthlam musifh` am hu`hs fd`ativ fd`ativhs hs ....................... ................................................. ....................................... ............. 6;

5 HFDM[HJGHMAJUD SÍUMIFD .............................................. ................................................................ .................................... .................................... ................................ ..............68 68 5.8 Ijstrumajtds musifhis ....................................... ......................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .......................... ........68 68 5.8.8 Ijstrumajtds ea fdreh ........................................................................................................................68 5.8.3 Ijstrumajtds ea sdprd ........................................................................................................................68 5.8.6 Ijstrumajtds ea parfussæd.................................................................................................................63 parfussæd.................................................................................................................63

5.3 Lrupds ea parfussæd? Vtdmp a Chrchtuquas................................... ..................................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 63 5.3.8 Vtdmp ..........................................................................................................................................................63 5.3.3 Chrchtuquas ..............................................................................................................................................66 Qjiehea II

1 H EHJÌH................................ .................................................. .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ................................... .................6< 6< 1.8 Ea﬈jijed fdjfaitds ............................................... ................................................................. .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 6< 1.3 Dcoativds a nujìñas eh ehjìh ......................... ........................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .......................... ........67 67 1.6 A`amajtds qua fdmpñam h ehjìh .................................. .................................................... .................................... .................................... .......................... ........67 67 1.5 Nujehmajtds eh ehjìh ........................................... ............................................................. .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................... 5; 1.1 Fdmpdsiìæd fdradlrè﬈fh................... fdradlrè﬈fh..................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 56 > GIVUÖSIH EH EHJÌH ....................... ......................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ...................... 55 >.8 H ehjìh jd Crhsi`................................... ..................................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................... ..... 5< < AVUI@DV, MÉUDEDV A ÈSAHV EA HUQHÌÆD EH EHJÌH ................................... ..................................................... ................................ ..............57 57 6 7.6.3 Xuheri`gh ....................................................................................................................................................>5

7.5 [raphrhìæd [raphrhìæd nísifh phrh h ehjìh ................................... ..................................................... .................................... .................................... ................................ .............. tampds 7 tampds 7 tampds

8> tampds 7 tampds 7 tampds

7 tampds

8> tampds

7 tampds Hehpthed ea? Ghhs a Lhrfih (3;;>).

3;

 

SIUMD A EHJÌH

Hs eifhs phrh pdear dcsarvhr d fdmaìd ea um c`dfd sæd hs masmhs qua h eh nrhsa musifh` (h ajtrheh ea um ijstrumajtd a ea umh vdz jdvh, h quacrh crusfh eh fdjtijuiehea eh mÿsifh, saluieh ea umh phush). É einífi` majfidjhr d quæd einífi` sarè phrh vdfï ieajti﬈fhr jh mÿsifh d fdmaìd ea umh nrhsa du um c`dfd musifh`, issd eapajearè ea sau jíva` sajsd rítmifd. Jdrmh`majta é muitd fdmp`axd ieajti﬈fè-`ds jd ijífid.  Dcsarvhìæd

Xuhjtd mhis vdfï duvir h mÿsifh asfd`gieh phrh uti`izhr am suh hu`h, mhidr sarè sau fdjgafimajtd sdcra suh astruturhìæd, nhfi`ithjed h ieajti﬈fhìæd ehs nrhsas a c`dfds eh mÿsifh. Am sumh, phrtimds ed a`amajtd fghmhed pu`sd, a é htrhvés ea`a qua ndrmhmds ds fdmphssds. Eh ujiæd ea edis fdmphssds, frihmds h nrhsa musifh`2 eh fdmpdsiìæd ea quhtrd nrhsas musifhis, mdjthmds d c`dfd musifh`. [u`sd Fdmphssd Nrhsa C`dfd Nilurh 8

6.1 Hjehmajtd Mhjtar d hjehmajtd silji﬈fh fdjsarvhr d ritmd vivd a prasajta, du saoh, pdear tdfhr umh mÿsifh sam hfa`arhr du rathrehr h mhrfhìæd rítmifh. ‐Hjehmajtd a ritmd sæd fdmpdjajtas cèsifds eh mhrfhìæd. Hjehmajtd é h va`dfiehea ea umh paìh musifh`. Qm hjehmajtd aspafí﬈fd é maeied pdr um eatarmijhed jÿmard ea pu`shìñas du pdr tampd pdr mijutd” (LHJEHSH, 8977, p. 89). É jdtörid qua fheh mÿsifh pdssui umh va`dfiehea, issd é d hjehmajtd musifh`. H mhidr du majdr va`dfiehea ea umh mÿsifh é hprasajtheh fdmd vhlhrdsh, mdearheh du rèpieh. Vuh maeieh é naith pdr C[M (chtiehs pdr mijutd) • hjehmajtd vhlhrdsd? vhrihìæd ajtra 5; a cpm2 • hjehmajtd mdearhed? vhrihìæd ajtra [hush musifh` Jd qua sa ranara ë phush musifh`, imhlijamds imhlijamd s umh eatarmijheh mÿsifh. Am h`lujs mdmajtds ghvarè husïjfih ea sdm pdr furtds parídeds. par ídeds. H assh husïjfih ea sdm eajdmijhmds phush musi musifh`. fh`. Hs phushs sæd parídeds jh mÿsifh am qua d rafdjgafimajtd ed ijífid eh nrhsa a ed c`dfd musifh` é mhis nèfi`. Hpös h phush, quhjed rafdmaìh d sdm eh mÿsifh, hfdjtafa d primaird pu` pu`sd sd eh nrhsa a ed c`dfd. I I I I ‖ I I I I .... I I I I ‖ I I I I

6.< Hfajtd musifh` Imhlijamds umh mÿsifh tdfhjed a vdfï ieajti﬈fhjed d pu`sd ea`h. Xuhjed issd hfdjtafar, raphra qua sampra ghvarè pu`sds hprasajthm umh chtieh mhis ndrta ed qua dutrds. Assas pu`sds fdm mhidras ijtajsieheas sæd dsqua hfajtds. IIII‖IIII

6.7 Htd ea duvir duvir,, sdm a suhs fhrhftarístifhs Duvir é h parfapìæd eds sdjs pa`d duvied a é um htd sajsdrih`. Uded d prdfassd ea ijtarprathr fdrpdrh`majta eatarmijhed ritmd htrhvés ed htd ea duvir phssh hldrh pa`d prdfassd ea asfuthr, du saoh, d prdfassd ea asfuthr raprasajth ehr vareheairh htajìæd hd qua sa asfuth. Issd jds parmita tar mhidr fdjsfiïjfih sdcra d sdm, fdmpraajsæd mhis a`avheh sdcra h rah` prdpdsth a, fdjsaquajtamajta, mhidr hprajeizhed ed qua sa duva.

6.9 Vdm Valujed Hrthxd a Mdjtaird (3;;7, p. 81), ‐h drilam eh ph`hvrh sdm é ed `htim sdjus , qua siljinifh h vicrhìæd ea um fdrpd parfacieh pa`ds duvieds, du ajarlih sdc h ndrmh ea vicrhìñas fghmhehs djehs sdjdrhs”. sdjdrhs”. Hs vicrhìñas astæd prasajtas am quh`quar tipd ea sdm amitied. Ds mdrfalds, pdr axamp`d, amitam sdjs ea nraquïjfih muitd h`th, a issd nujfidjh fdmd f dmd um rhehr rhehr.. Ajtæd, eatafthm quh`quar dcoatd am sau fhmijgd, avithjed h fd`isæd. Ea hfdred fdm Lhrfih a Ghhs (3;;>, p. 5 ‖ Fd`fgaih? raprasajth sdjs muitd furtds

Dutrd a`amajtd qua thmcém pdea sar raprasajthed fdm símcd`ds é h phush. Xuhjed d fhjtdr, eurhjta h `aiturh, ajfdjtrhr assas símcd`ds, tarè qua ﬈fhr am si`ïjfid. Assh phush tarè h eurhìæd ea hfdred fdm d símcd`d ajfdjtrhed, pdeajed sar `djlh, méeih, furth du muitd furth. Easthfhmds h saluir ds símcd`ds ea phush?

Nilurh < ‖ Vamicrava

Nilurh 7 ‖ Míjimh

3<

 

Qjiehea I

Nilurh 9 ‖ Vamíjimh

  Nilurh 8; ‖ Fd`fgaih

6.8;.5 Mhpahmajtd musifh`

 ^dfï oè tajtdu mdjthr umh saquïjfih ea mdvimajtds uti`izhjed umh mÿsifh phrh umh hu`h a sa sajtiu pareied4 D mhpahmajtd musifh` é umh axfa`ajta axfa`a jta narrhmajth phrh houeè-`d h fdmpraajear fdmd umh mÿsifh ndi mdjtheh. [dea huxi`ihr jh mdjthlam ea umh saquïjfih ea mdvimajtds, d qua jh èrah ea ehjìh fghmh-sa fdradlrh﬈h. D mhpahmajtd trhch`gh chsifhmajta fdm h eivisæd eds fdmphssds (quhtarjèrid, tarjèrid a cijèrid). Ijeifh quhjtds fdmphssds axistam jh mÿsifh a quhis dutrds a`amajtds pdeamds ajfdjtrhr jh astruturh musifh`, pdr axamp`d, phushs, hfajtds, ajtra dutrds. Am sumh, é fdmd sa pueéssamds palhr h mÿsifh a trhjsnari-`h phrh umh nd`gh, ajxarlhjed fdmd a`h ndi naith. [hrh qua vdfï ajtajeh ma`gdr fdmd a`hcdrhr um mhpahmajtd musifh`, d mdea`d am quastæd sarè ea umh mÿsifh ndrmheh fdm fdmphssds quhtarjèrids, pdis hcrhjla h lrhjea mhidrih ehs mÿsifhs, prijfiph`majta hs quaumh uti`izhmds am hu`hs fd`ativhs. ^hmds eatarmijhr qua h fheh ditd tampds (du pu`sds), fdmp`athjed nrhsa musifh`, ghvarè h raprasajthìæd ea um trhìd. Axamp`d? I=7 Hssim, quhjed ndrmhrmds quhtrd ditds (du quhtrd nrhsas), taramds um c`dfd musifh`. IIII=5x7 Eassa mded, nhramds astrhtélihs phrh a`hcdrhr um mhpahmajtd musifh`. [rimairhmajta, duìh h mÿsifh asfd`gieh phrh h a`hcdrhìæd eh fdradlrh﬈h a nhìh h mhrfhìæd ea um trhìd h fheh ditd tampds. Eapdis, dcsarva quhjtds trhìds vdfï mhrfdu.

37

 

SIUMD A EHJÌH

H saluir, asfuta jdvhmajta h mÿsifh a fdmafa h saphrhìæd eds c`dfds musifhis. H fheh ndrmhìæd ea um c`dfd musifh`, nhìh um trhìd saphrhjed-ds fdmd jd mdea`d h saluir? IIII‖IIII‖IIII IIII‖IIII‖IIII Assh athph é nujehmajth`. Axila mhidr jíva` ea htajìæd quhjed fdmphrheh ë nhsa hjtaridr, am qua arh prafisd mhrfhr hpajhs hs nrhsas eh mÿsifh. Fhsd jafassita, rapith assa prdfassd phrh qua jajgumh ‐quacrh” eh mÿsifh phssa easparfacieh. Naitd issd, eava-sa jdmahr fheh c`dfd, fdjsiearhjed h raprasajthtiviehea ea fheh um. [dr axamp`d, ds primairds c`dfds hjdtheds raprasajthm h ijtrdeuìæd eh mÿsifh. Ijtrdeuìæd IIII

Ijtrdeuìæd IIII

‖

É prafisd shcar quhis mdvimajtds a pdssici`ieheas (fdmd fhmijghehs, rd`hmajtds uti`izhjed d sd`d) vdfï ampralhrè jh ijtrdeuìæd. Assh ijtrdeuìæd pdssui sdjs ndrtas du mhis suhvas4 Xuhis mdvimajtds fdmcijhrihm4 Easthquamds dutrd axamp`d, d ranræd eh mÿsifh. Sanræd IIII

‖

Sanræd IIII

‖

Sanræd IIII

Sanræd ‖ IIII

 ^dfï pdea fd`dfhr mdvimajtds ea easthqua jd ranræd, oè o è qua asta é fdjsiearhed, jh mhidrih eds fhsds, fdmd h phrta mhis ndrta eh mÿsifh. É impdrthjta `amcrhr qua jam tdehs hs fdmpdsiìñas musifhis eajdthm d masmd pheræd. Xuhjed h mÿsifh raspaith assh ndrmhìæd ea c`dfds fdmp`ath, eizamds qua a` a`hh é ‐raedjeh”. ‐raedjeh”. ^aohmds um axamp`d? IIII‖IIII‖IIII‖IIII Xuhjed h mÿsifh pdssui ndrmhìæd ijfdmp`ath, pdr axamp`d, a xamp`d, um c`dfd fdm trïs nrhsas am um c`dfd, eizamds qua h mÿsifh tam umh ‐quacrh” am suh fdmpdsiìæd. Axamp`d ea mÿsifh quacrheh? IIII‖III‖IIII‖II [dr issd, hd asfuthr h mÿsifh, é vith` nhzar h saphrhìæd eds c`dfds a ieajti﬈fhr sa axista du jæd h`lumh ‐quacrh”.

39

 

Qjiehea I

Hssim qua vdfï tivar jdmahed tdeds ds c`dfds eh mÿsifh, é sö fdmaìhr h mdjthr ds mdvimajtds sdcra fheh c`dfd. Fdm d tampd, sarè mhis nèfi` ijtarpratè-`h. Ajtæd, pdearè mdjthr sdcra ds c`dfds tdeh h mdvimajthìæd ea hu`h ea stap , mijitrhmpd`im du ea ritmds. Dcsarvhìæd

Qm eds raquisitds cèsifds hd a`hcdrhr um mhpahmajtd musifh` a mdjthr umh fdradlrh﬈h é asfuthr vèrihs vazas h mÿsifh. É prafisd shcar djea fdmaìhm a tarmijhm hs phrtas ndrtas a nrhfhs eh mÿsifh. 6.8;.1 ^hrihìñas ea fdjthlam musifh` am hu`hs fd`ativhs

[deamds uti`izhr h fdjthlam musifh` ea dutrh ndrmh hd a`hcdrhr fdradlrh﬈hs am hu`hs fd`ativhs. Qshramds fdmd axamp`d d hlhfghmajtd, qua é muitd uti`izhed am hfheamihs. • 8/8? uti`izh quhtrd tampds eh mÿsifh phrh axafuìæd ea um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd, a am umh nrhsa, vdfï nhrè edis mdvimajtds fdmp`atds. [hrhh eirafidjhr ds h`ujds, pdearè eizar? ‐eiratd! [hr ‐ei ratd! sdca a easfa”. easfa”. • 3/3? ampralh ditd tampds eh mÿsifh phrh rah`izhìæd ea um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd. Hssim, am umh nrhsa musifh`, vdfï nhrè um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd. Jassa mdea`d, h nhsa ijifih` (easfieh) ed hlhfghmajtd é naith am quhtrd tampds, a h nhsa ﬈jh` (sucieh), ed masmd mded. Hd mdtivhr ds h`ujds, pdearè pdear è dreajhr? ‐easfa am edis (quhtrd tampds) a sdca am edis (quhtrd tampds)” tampds)”.. • 6/8? hp`ifh quhtrd tampds eh mÿsifh phrh prdeuìæd ea um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd. Ajtæd, am umh nrhsa musifh`, vdfï nhrè edis mdvimajtds fdmp`atds. Jassa mdea`d, h nhsa ijifih` (easfieh) ed hlhfghmajtd é axarfieh am trïs tampds2 h nhsa ﬈jh` (sucieh), am um tampd.  ^dfï pdearè sa eirilir hds saus h`ujds eh saluijta mhjairh? ‐Easfa am trïs a sdca am um”. um”. • 8/6? uti`izh quhtrd tampds eh mÿsifh phrh dparhìæd ea um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd, ea mded qua am umh nrhsa musifh`, vdfï nhrè edis mdvimajtds fdmp`atds. H nhsa ijifih` (easfieh) ed hlhfghmajtd é naith am um tampd2 h nhsa ﬈jh` (sucieh), am trïs tampds. Ajtæd, ghvarè d saluijta fdmhjed? ‐Easfa ‐ Easfa am um a sdca am trïs” trïs”.. • 5/5? dparh fdm 8> tampds eh mÿsifh phrh hp`ifhìæd ea um mdvimajtd fdmp`atd. H nhsa ijifih` (easfieh) ed hlhfghmajtd é axafutheh am ditd tampds, ed masmd mded qua q ua h nhsa ﬈jh` (sucieh). [dearè fghmhr h htajìæd ea saus h`ujds ed saluijta mded? ‐Easfa muitd, muitd `ajtd”.

6;

 

SIUMD A EHJÌH

5 HFDM[HJGHMAJUD SÍUMIFD Fdmd easthfhmds, mÿsifh a ritmd astæd sampra ajtra`hìheds. Fdjtued, h mÿsifh é hpajhs umh ehs ‐narrhmajths” qua vdfï pdea `hjìhr mæd m æd quhjed trhch`ghr d ritmd fdrpdrh`. D usd ea sdjs ed pröprid fdrpd é d maid mhis jhturh` ajfdjtrhed am axtrhir sdjs, fdmd ph`mhs ea ndrmhs eivarshs, chtiehs ea pés, chtuqua jd paitd a jhs parjhs, sdjs eh vdz du fhjtdrihs, hssdvids, asth`ds ea eaeds, hpitds ndrmheds fdm hs mæds, ajtra dutrhs prdpdsths. Dutrhs ndrmhs sæd ds ijstrumajtds? f`hvhs, chtuquas, fgdfh`gds, thmphs, vierds, ijstrumajtds ea sdprd a ea fdrehs, mheairh atf. Gè muitds dcoatds qua vdfï pdea uti`izhr phrh axtrhir sdjs ea eivarsds tdjs. H saluir, vhmds astuehr h`lujs lrupds prd﬈ssidjhis qua sa hprasajthm pa`d mujed a uti`izhm, ajtra dutrhs prdpdsths, hfdmphjghmajtds rítmifds ijstrumajthis a fdrpdrhis.

5.8 Ijstrumajtds musifhis Easea dhtrhvés paríded mhtarihis fdmdhouehrhm dssds a paerhs arhm usheds phrh prdeuzir asdjs. Uhis utajsí`ids, ehsprimitivd, mhjinasthìñas fdrpdrhis, d gdmam h axprasshr sajtimajtds amdìñas ea sau pdvd.   D chtuqua astè eirathmajta `ilhed ë ehjìh a hd chtimajtd ed fdrhìæd, jæd jafassithjed ea ra﬈jhmajtd téfjifd. Xuh`quar dcoatd qua pdea sar uti`izhed phrh nhzar mÿsifh pdea sar fghmhed ea ijstrumajtd. Asta pdea sar ampralhed phrh vèrihs ﬈jh`ieheas. [dr axamp`d? thmcdras, phrh hnhsthr mhus aspíritds, ijstrumajtds ea sdprd, phrh hjujfihr h fgalheh eh rah`azh a astimu`hr ds sd`eheds jd fhmpd ea chth`gh du masmd am mdmajtds ea `hzar. Hd `djld eds tampds, hpatrafgds musifhis ndrhm easfdcartds a prdeuzieds phrh d hfdmphjghmajtd ehs mÿsifhs, a suh f`hssi﬈fhìæd é naith ea hfdred fdm d mhtarih` pa`d quh` ndi prdeuzied. A`as sa eivieam am trïs nhmí`ihs? ijstrumajtds ea fdreh, ea sdprd a ea parfussæd. ^hmds fdjgafar fheh um ea`as4 5.8.8 Ijstrumajtds ea fdreh

H vicrhìæd ehs fdrehs, hd saram nriffidjhehs du eaei`ghehs, frihm vicrhìñas, a asths sæd hmp`ihehs jhs fhixhs ea rassdjãjfih, prasajtas jh lrhjea mhidrih eds ijstrumajtds ea fdreh. Xuhjtd majdr ndr d thmhjgd eh fdreh, mhis hlued sarè d sdm. H`lujs axamp`ds axamp` ds sæd? vid`h, vid`æd, vid`ijd, fdjtrhchixd, ghrph. 5.8.3 Ijstrumajtds ea sdprd

Jds ijstrumajtds ea sdprd, d ffiuxd ea hr qua parfdrra d fdrpd ed ijstrumajtd, am larh` naitd fdm fhjds a tucds ea `htæd a math` du ea mheairh, é sdprhed, fdmumajta, pa`h cdfh ea quam d tdfh.  ^aohmds h`lujs axamp`ds? ffihuth, shxdndja, trdmcath, trdmcath, lhith.

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5.8.6 Ijstrumajtds ea parfussæd

Ds ijstrumajtds ea parfussæd sæd fdjsiearheds ds mhis hjtilds tipds ea mhtarihis usheds phrh prdeuzir sdjs. Væd ds hjfastrhis ea tdeh h nhmí`ih eds ijstrumajtds. Jassas hpatrafgds, h prdeuìæd eds sdjs dfdrra htrhvés ea chtiehs du ﬈fìñas uti`izhjed hs mæds du chquaths am suh suparnífia. É fdmum saram ampralheds phrh ehr d ritmd eh mÿsifh. Axamp`ds? chtarih, fgdfh`gd, sijds, prhtds. Dcsarvhìæd

Mhtarihis sufhtaheds, fdmd phus, mheairh, chmcu, p`èstifd, mathis, ajtra dutrds, pdeam sarvir ea ijstrumajtds musifhis, pdis tdeds amhjhm sdjs a suhs misturhs sdjdrhs pdeam pdea m surpraajear.

5.3 Lrupds ea parfussæd? Vtdmp a Chrchtuquas 5.3.8 Vtdmp

Ndrmhed pdr passdhs ea vèrihs jhfidjh`ieheas a qua edmijhm d ritmd fdrpdrh`, d lrupd ea parfussæd ijstrumajth` fghmhed Vtdmp misturh mÿsifh, ehjìh, tahtrd, fdradlrh﬈h a h`lumhs parndrmhjfas   ea saus fdmpdjajtas am suhs hprasajthìñas pdr tded d mujed. Ea drilam ijl`ash, eiratd ehs ruhs ea Crilgtdj, saus nujehedras ndrhm @uba Frasswa``, qua arh parfussidjisth, a d htdr a asfritdr Vtava MfJifgd`hs. Qmh tríhea ea ndrìh, tampd a asphìd sæd ds a`amajtds prasajtas jhs eivarshs hprasajthìñas ed Vtdmp. Ds ijstrumajtds ampralheds pa`ds ijtalrhjtas sæd simp`as. ^aohmds h`lujs ea`as? fhixhs ea nösndrds, isquairds, rdeds a asnralñas ea `impazh, thmphs a phja`hs, cd`hs ea tdeds ds tipds, p`èstifd, mheairh, lhrrhnhs, ajtra dutrds. dutrds. Am h`lujs mdmajtds, uti`izhm d pröprid fdrpd fdmd ijstrumajtd. [hrh fdjsaluir fumprir tdehs hs hprasajthìñas hlajehehs, d lrupd ndi eivieied, nhfi`ithjed suh prdmdìæd pa`d l`dcd. Qm eds ijtalrhjtas ed Vtdmp é um parfussidjisth crhsi`aird fghmhed Mhrivh`ed eds Vhjtds. A`a astè jd lrupd easea 899> a é prhtifhjta ea fhpdairh a ehjìhs nd`f`örifhs. H frihtiviehea a d sijfrdjismd ed lrupd sæd nhtdras qua ajfhjthm h p`htaih.

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SIUMD A EHJÌH 5.3.3 Chrchtuquas

Nilurh 88

D lrupd ea parfussæd fdrpdrh` Chrchtuquas é jhfidjh`. É ranarïjfih mujeih` am parfussæd fdrpdrh`, du saoh, uti`izh tdehs hs pdssici`ieheas ea axtrhir sdjs ghrmdjidsds ed fdrpd ea saus ijtalrhjtas. Imhlija um fdjoujtd musifh` qua nhz mÿsifh a ritmds htrhvés ea vhrihìñas ea ph`mhs, hssdcids, asth`ds eds eaeds, chtiehs jd paitd, sdprds ajtra hs mæds ujiehs, shphtaheds, anaitds ea vdz, tdeds assas sdjs jh mhis fdmp`ath sijtdjih. D Chrchtuquas ndi nujehed am 899< pa`d mÿsifd Narjhjed Chrch a gdoa pdssui 81 ijtalrhjtas, quaamnhzam ravazhmajtd jds sgdws  phrh ds jÿmards quaasfd`hs, fdmpñam d aspatèfu`d. Htuh pa`d mujed hndrh hprasajthìñas a wdrbsgdps    ajtra phrh dutrds lrupds, amprashs, DJLs a ijstituiìñas fu`turhis. Mhjtém um jÿf`ad ea pasquishs sdcra h `ijluhlam sdjdrh fdrpdrh` a pdssui vhstd rapartörid ea frihìæd pröprih, ijtarhlijed fdm d pÿc`ifd jds sgdws . Ds fdmpdjajtas ed lrupd hfraeithm qua fheh ijeivíeud hprasajth um fdrpd sdjdrd qua é ÿjifd. Hfraeithm thmcém qua h ndrmh ea fd`ativiehea sdjdrh é umh ndrmh a﬈fhz ea prdeuzir ma`deihs a ghrmdjihs htrhvés eh parfussæd fdrpdrh`.

 Vhich mhis

D lrupd Chrchtuquas prdmdva eivarshs d﬈fijhs lrhtuiths h lrupds a prd﬈ssidjhis. Hfassa d sita ? 0www.chrchtuquas.fdm.cr:.  Sasumd

H fdmpraajsæd sdcra d ritmd, suhs fhrhftarístifhs pdssici`ieheas trhch`gd é ea mèximh impdrtãjfih hd prd﬈ssidjh` ea aaeufhìæd nísifh,eaa ushr d fdjgafimajtd ed ritmd am hu`hs ea lijèstifh, saohm fd`a fd`ativhs, tivhs, saohm phrtifu`hras, pdea sar um lrhjea einarajfih`.

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Jasth ujiehea, vimds qua d ritmd astè `ilhed h tued qua viva, é um prijfípid vith`. Vuh astruturhìæd hprasajth eivarshs ndrmhs ea eivisæd. Astè prasajta jds saras vivds, jd nujfidjhmajtd ehs mèquijhs, jh jhturazh atf. [dssui mdvimajtds ralu`hras a ghrmdjidsds a h suh husïjfih pdea larhr easaqui`ícrid h h`lujs hspaftds. H assh nh`th ea ritmd eè-sa d jdma ea hrritmih. Sa`hthmds qua gè vèrids dcoativds hd sa trhch`ghr d ritmd? h easfdcarth ed pröprid fdrpd a suhs pdssici`ieheas ea mdvimajtd, h ndrmhìæd ea umh fdjeiìæd rítmifh ea chsa, h frihìæd ea mdvimajtds mhis téfjifds a afdjõmifds, d ndrth`afimajtd eh hutdastimh a h fdjtijuiehea ea umh prètifh aspdrtivh, pdis d ritmd astimu`h h htiviehea ed axafuthjta. Ajtra ds a`amajtds ed ritmd, h`lujs sæd vithis phrh easampajghr um trhch`gd rítmifd jhs hu`hs ea lijèstifh a htivieheas htivie heas aspdrtivhs. Ieajti﬈fhìæd ed pu`sd, fdmphssd, nrhsa a c`dfd musifh` houehm d prdnassdr h uti`izhr umh mÿsifh fdmd narrhmajth jhs hu`hs. Astuehmds qua eivarsds pasquishedras hssijh`hrhm h impdrtãjfih eh prasajìh eh mÿsifh jhs hu`hs, pdis trhzam muitd mhis mdtivhìæd a ajarlih. Hpashr ea h mÿsifh sar um ötimd rafursd phrh d trhch`gd ed ritmd, d hfdmphjghmajtd pdea sa drilijhr ea dutrhs ndjtas, pdr axamp`d, d pröprid fdrpd, hphra`gds musifhis du h imprdvishìæd ea ijstrumajtds. Axtrhir sdjs fdm h prdpdsth rítmifhs é umh fhrhftarístifh ea lrupds prd﬈ssidjhis fdmd d Vtdmp a Chrchtuquas. D prdnassdr ea aeufhìæd nísifh qua hp`ifh ds fdjfaitds a prdpdsths ed ritmd quh`i﬈fh suh hu`h. Htrhvés easshs eijãmifhs, prdpdrfidjh h a`a a h saus h`ujds fdjquisths mhrhvi`gdshs.  Axarfífids

Xuastæd 8 (Ajhea 3;;