Revista Topia 71: para Comerte Mejor

 

‐WXQD„ EDND EMQHCD_ÎM AH WH_UDFM  EM_@DU OM_[MFL 

@MU EM_QMU E M_QMU AH@ AH@ NM@ NM@ @MU AH OM_XEJ OM_X OM _XEJ EJ UWLFD[M  UWL WLFD FD[M  [M  RLEHFQH [LQD @HNM NL_LMN RMF _HLKHF  NM_QLF UEJDXQHF 

QDWÎM HF @M E@ÎFLEM   MQHFH D WUL  MQHFHD WULEDM EDMFM FM@ÎQ @ÎQLED LED AH QD QDWÎM WÎM;;  MFD_HZ  MFD _HZLM  LM  RM@HFQLFM HU_XOL@UI\  UXUMFM NMQXU 

JMELM XFM NHQMUDNMQD@DCÎM  AH @M Q_MFUBH_HFELM. XF Q_MOMKD HF H]XLWD @XELMFM RD@ED  MFQDLFH BDFQMLFH 

_HRLUQM

52 WÍCLFMU!..   WULEDMFÍ@LULU UDELHAMA EX@QX_M

‐Q_HU JD_MU WM_M ND_L_„ @M RLAM HF XFM XFLAMA WUL]XLÍQ_LEM WHFLQHFELM_LM AM_ÎD EMRMELFL 

UM@XA NHFQM@ \ E@MUH DO_H_M M_CH M_CHFQLFM FQLFM;;

‐@M AÌEMAM LF UM@XO_H „ JH_FÍF UED_DBLQ[ 

MÝD ZZLR- FÛNH_D 3= - MCDUQD ?7=1 -  $ 58 -  www.tdplm.edn.mr

@DU W_DO@HNMU AH @M EDNLAM C@DOM@ \ M@CXFDU MWXFQHU AH WD@ÎQLEMU BXQX_MU Wmtrlelm Mculrrh

‐AH HUH Í_OD@ FD EDNH_ÍU„ Nmreh`d _darîcuhz 

@D ]XH FD QH NMQM, QH JMEH NÍU BXH_QH @murm Drnmfad

@M EDNLAM HF H@ ELFH Jìetdr Brhlrh

MWXFQHU UDO_H @M JLUQD_LM AH @M LFBMFELM (LL) UH@BLH MFA UHZQLFC.

Eìsmr Jmzmil 

@M LFQH@LCHFELM \ H@ EXH_WD Ejrlstdpjh Ahkdurs

\HFAD AH@ ALRÍF M@ WLMFD  M`hkmfard Rmlfhr 

ED@XNFMU; Uusmfm Qdpdrdsl y Erlstlíf Uueisadrb  HALQD_LM@; 

WM_M EDNH_QH NHKD_… Ah `m m`lnhftmelõf m `m cmstrdfdnîm ah `m sdelhama edfsunlstm Hfrlquh Emrplfthrd L.U.U.F. L.U.U .F. =222 =222-?7:5 -?7:5

WM_M EDNH_QH NHKD_... M@LNHFQMELÕF \ UXOKHQLRLAMA

 

Uunmrld HALQD_LM@ Wmrm ednhrth nhkdr… Ah `m m`lnhftmelõf m `m cmstrdfdnîm ah `m sdelhama edfsunlstm

5

2 2: =7

@murm Drnmfad 

@m ednlam hf h` elfh Jìetdr Brhlrh 

UHWM_MQM @ms emrtms ah` nm` ah Omruej Uplfdzm;

=3

Nmrtlf Uejduthf  Nlrlmn vmf _hlkhf  Rlehfth [ltd @hnm 

QDWLM HF @M E@LFLEM

Uusmfm Qdpdrdsl 

Hserltds ah Cumralm; @d quh fd th nmtm, th jmeh nís buhrth

=2

=7

@ds mthfhds psledmfm`îtleds ah Qdpîm ; Mfdrhxlm

?=

_h`mtd E`îfled Rm`hftlfm Hsruol`siy  Uusmfm Nmtus 

=?

?1 ?8

M`hkmfard Rmlfhr 

5? 51

_hvlstms y @lords rhelolads

AM_ HF H@ O@MFED

AHOMQHU HF UM@XA NHFQM@ Um`ua nhftm` y e`msh dorhrm mrchftlfm; ‐@m aìemam lfsm`uorh „

\hfad ah` alvíf m` plmfd

@MU WM@MO_MU \ @DU JHEJDU

@uelmfm Rd`ed  Mftdlfh Bdftmlfh 

Ejrlstdpjh Ahkdurs 

Wmtrlelm Mculrrh 

Ed`unfm; Mcrdquînleds y sm`ua lfbmftl` hf `m Mrchftlfm ah jdy

Írhm Edrpdrm`; @m lfth`lchfelm y h` euhrpd

Jmelm ufm nhtmsdnmtd`dcîm ah `m trmfsbhrhfelm. Xf trmomkd hf hqulpd. Udorh uf phalad ah edfsu`tm ah jlstdrlm e`îflem @m medclam ah` euhrpd

M_HM ED_WD_M@

‐Ah hsh írod` fd ednhrís„ @ds prdo`hnms ah `m ednlam c`dom` y m`cufds mpufths ah pd`îtlems buturms

=8

Erlstlmf Uueisadrb 

ADUULH_

Nmreh`d _darîcuhz 

=1

Eìsmr Jmzmil 

Ed`unfm; @ms ads nuhrths ah` rhy

Hfrlquh Emrplfthrd 

Wmrm ednhrth nhkdr… M`lnhftmelõf y suokhtlvlama

Uh`blh mfa Uhxtlfc. Mpufths sdorh `m jlstdrlm ah `m lfbmfelm (LL)

Umohr ah `ds unorm`hs.

?3

Sm`thr Ohfkmnlf y h` pmsmkh ah` nltd Slfbrlha Nhfflfcjmus 

58

Jhrfíf Uedrdbltz 

Qrhs jdrms pmrm ndrlr. @ms edfaleldfhs ah vlam hf ufm uflama pslqulítrlem phflthfelmrlm

?:

Amrîd Emvmelfl 

‐Wutd„ ednd emthcdrîm ah phrsdfm

57

EDFQ_MQMWM Fdtm ah `ds haltdrhs; @m ahuam hxthrfm y `m sm`ua nhftm`

Emr`ds Omrzmfl 

Jundr críbled ah `m tmpm y h` lfthrldr ah hsth fûnhrd pdr Jmrd`ad Nhyhr. www.jmrd`adnhyhr.o`dcspdt.edn.mr 

QDWÎM hs ufm ah `ms =77 rhvlstms eu`turm`hs nís lnpdrtmfths ah `m Mrchftlfm, ahe`mrmam pdr `m Alrheelõf ah Eu`turm ah `m Fmelõf (?777). Ahe`mrmam ufmahe`mrmams ah `ms =7 rhvlstms eu`turm`hs nís lnpdrtmfths mýd pdrah `m Um`ua Alrheelõf Eu`turm ahah`m`mFmelõf @ms metlvlamahs `m _hvlstm Qdpîm buhrdf ah ‐lfthrìs smfltmrld y sdelm`„ pdr `mah` Ednlslõf ah `mah@hcls`mturm Eluama(?77=). Mutõfdnm ah Ouhfdsah Mlrhs (?7=5). y `m Haltdrlm` Qd pîm sh mehrem mehrem omstmf omstmfth th m uf edfehp edfehptd td quh utl`l utl`lzd zd hf nl príetl príe tlem em lfstl lfstltu tueld eldfm` fm` ednd ednd psledm psledmfm fm`ls `lstm. tm. Hf elhrtm elhrtm bdrnm, bdrnm, hs ufm rhah rhah bl  blfl flelõf elõf ‐ndahr ‐ndahrfm„ fm„ ah `m Xtd pîm. Wdrquh Wdrquh `m utd pîm utd pîm rhah rhah bl  blfl flam am msî, ndahr ndahrfm fmnhf nhfth, th, fd hs uf fd `u cmr, slfd slfd quh hs `d edftrm edf trmrld rld ah `m rhfh rhfh cm  cmelõf. elõf. @m rhfh rhfh cm  cmelõf elõf hs fh cmr ufm rhm`l rhm`lama ama sdelm` sdelm` hf `m quh sh hstí hs tí lfnhr lfnhrsd, sd, d fh cmr `ms emrme emrmeth thrîs rîstl tlems ems ah hstm hstm rhm`l rhm`lama ama sdelm`, sdelm`, y fh cmr quh sh flh cm. flh cm. Hstd Hstd tlhfh tlhfh uf hkhn p`d hxm`tm hxm`tmad ad y pmrm pmrmalc alcní nítl tled ed hf tdam tdam `m ìpdem ìpdem ah `m rh prh rh prhslõf slõf lfth lfth crm` adfah adfah prhel prhelsm smnhf nhfth, th, `d quh sh ousem ous emom om hrm quh `m chfth chf th fh cm  cmrm rm `ms sltum sltumeld eldfhs fhs slflhs slflhstrms trms quh hstm hstmomf omf medfth medfthelhf elhfad... ad... Hstm Hstm ah bl  blfl flelõf elõf ndahr nd ahrfm fm ah utd pîm, fd sd`m sd `mnhf nhfth th tlhfh tlhfh `m buhrzm buhrzm e`ísl e`íslem em ah `m utd pîm, utd pîm, ah prd pd prd pdfhr fhrsh sh ufm lfstmf lfstmfelm elm alstlf alstlftm, tm, slfd slfd quh hs hf bufelõf buf elõf ah ufm edsm ed sm nuy tõ pl  plem; em; fh cmr  cmrsh sh m mehptmr mehptmr mquh``ms mquh``ms edsms edsms quh flh cmf `m rhm`l rhm`lama. ama.  Bhrfmfad X``dm

FDQM AH @DU HALQD_HU RLHFH AH EDFQ_MQMWM Hf hsth fûnhrd ah `m rhvlstm, h` adsslhr sh deupm ah `m ednp`hkm mrtleu`melõf ah `m m`lnhftmelõf y `m suokhtlvlama hf `m metum`lama. @ms bdrnms ah m`lnhftmelõf sdf ufm prhdeupmelõf ah `ms elvl`lzmeldfhs m `d `mrcd ah `m jlstdrlm. @ds hbhetds ah `m metum` nufalm`lzmelõf empltm`lstm sm`tmf m `m vlstm. Wdr uf `mad, nl``dfhs ah phrsdfms fd ``hcmf m

auetds jmf munhftmad hxpdfhfelm`nhfth `ms nm`bdrnmeldfhs edfcìfltms, `ds modrtds hspdftífhds y h` eífehr. @murm Drnmfad, hf sus hserltds ah cumralm, ahserloh edf su jmoltum` hstl`d, `ds hbhetds ah `m threhrlzmelõf ah `m m`lnhftmelõf hf uf Jdspltm` Wûo`led. Jìetdr Brhlrh fds phrnlth vhr eõnd sh p`msnm `m rh`melõf edf `m ednlam m trm-

ednhr almrlmnhfth, adfah h` jmnorh fd sh ahoh m `m bm`tm ah m`lnhftds, slfd m `m hxe`uslõf ah shetdrhs sdelm`hs y pmîshs quh fd meehahf m `ds ohfhblelds ah` empltm`. Wdr dtrd, h` edfsunlsnd mtrmvlhsm `m rh`melõf edf `m ednlam y prdvdem prdo`hnítlems ah alvhrsm îfad`h. Modramnds hsth ednp`hkd hftrmnmad ahsah alstlftms phrsphetlvms. Nmreh`d _darîcuhz trmzm ufm jlstdrlm ah alstlftms elvl`lzmeldfhs hf rh`melõf m `m ednlam edf h` blf ah ahsfmturm`lzmr `m l`uslõf ah ‐h` prdo`hnm ah `m m`lnhftmelõf sh rhaueh m tdnmr ouhfms ahelsldfhs mfth `m cõfad`m ah` suphrnhremad„. Wmtrlelm Mculrrh ahnuhstrm vmrlmads hbhetds ah m`lnhftds quh fd sh alstrlouyhf adfah sh fhehsltmf, slfd adfah amf cmfmfelms. Hstd jm prdvdemad fd sd`mnhfth `m ahsfutrlelõf y dohslama hf `ds nís pdorhs, slfd quh hf edfkuftd ‐fd ednhnds `d quh quhrhnds, slfd `d quh fds qulhrhf vhfahr y fd fds vhfahf `d quh m`lnhftm, slfd `d quh prdaueh cmfmfelms, m ahsphejd ah su empmelama futrleldfm`„. Hf h` nlsnd shftlad, Uusmfm Qdpdrdsl fds m`hrtm ah `ds hbhetds ah` usd ah `ds mcrdquînleds hf `m sm`ua ah `m pdo`melõf. @ds amtds sdf edftufahfths; hf `ds `ucmrhs adfah sh utl`lzmf hstds prd-

vìs ah` elfh,sdelm` ednpdfhfth rhsemtmfad quh tlhfh h` h`pdahrdsd m`lnhftmrsh. Hfrlquh Emrplfthrd, hf h` mrtîeu`d haltdrlm` ‐Wmrm ednhrth nhkdr…Ah `m m`lnhftmelõf m `m cmstrdfdnîm ah `m sdelhama edfsunlstm„, modram `ds hbhetds ah hsth empltm`lsnd nufalm`lzmad hf `m rh`melõf ah `m ednlam hf fuhstrm suokhtlvlama. _hedrrh `ds emnolds hf `ds û`tlnds slc`ds pmrm ``hcmr m `ds hbhetds ah` edfsunlsnd hf rh`melõf m `m m`lnhftmelõf. Hstd `d ``hvm, ahsah su drlclfm` edfehptd ah edrpdsuokhtlvlama, m ednd sh puhah hfthfahr `m slfcu`mrlama ah` sukhtd y `ds ``mnmads trmstdrfds m`lnhftmrlds hf `m metum`lama, ahstmemfad eõnd ‐`m mfdrhxlm/ou`lnlm sh hfeuhftrm hf sdelhamahs edf moufamfelm ah ednlam9 fd hxlsthf hstds sîftdnms adfah sh pmaheh jmnorh.„ H` modramkh ah `m mfdrhxlm sh prdbufalzm hf Qdpîm hf `m E`îflem, m pmrtlr ah` mthfhd psledmfm`îtled. M``î Uusmfm Nmtus y Rm`hftlfm Hsruol`siy trmomkmf m pmrtlr ah uf emsd e`îfled adfah sh nuhstrm `m ednp`hklama ah alejd pmahelnlhftd. Wdr dtrd `mad, @uelmfm Rd`ed Rd`ed y Mftdlfh Bdftmlfh fds prdpdfhf uf modramkh pmrtleu`mr ah ufm pmelhfth mutlstm lfthrfmam hf `m E`îflem Umunhry hf Brmfelm. Hstd `ds ``hvm m mpdrths thõrl-

eds y e`îfleds hf ‐Jmelm ufm nhtmsdnmtd`dcîm ah `m trmfsbhrhfelm. Xf trm omkd hf hqulpd„. Hf Ahomths hf Um`ua Nhftm`, hfedftrmnds `ds mpdrths nhfeldfmads ah Jhrfíf Uedrdbltz hf ‐Um`ua Nhftm` y e`msh dorhrm mrchftlfm; ‚@m aìemam lfsm`uorh“„. Qmnolìf h` trmomkd ah Amrîd Emvmelfl fds m`hrtm sdorh `ms eruh`hs edfaleldfhs ah uf shrvleld pslqulítrled phflthfelmrld, m pmrtlr ah uf edfdelad emsd ah uf pmelhfth hspmýd` nuhrtd m trhs jdrms ah shr lfthrfmad pmrm su hvm`umelõf. @m Uhpmrmtm fds mpdrtm ufm shrlh ah lfvhstlcmeldfhs hxe`uslvms sdorh ‐`ms emrtms ah` nm`„ ah Omruej Uplfdzm drcmflzmam pdr _hclfh Ohrcnhlkhr y Rlehfth [ltd @hnm. Lfe`uyh ufm lftrdaueelõf aueel õf ah Nlrlmn vmf _hlkhf, _hlkhf, ufm hsphelm`lstm jd`mfahsm sdorh h` thnm9 ‐Xfm `muejm fd hs uf shr junmfd„, uf alí`dcd lnmclfmad pdr h` hserltdr Nmrtlf Uejduthf9 brmcnhftds hsphelm`nhfth trmauelads ah `ms emrtms9 y ufm pdhsîm lfìaltm sdorh Uplfdzm ah Rlehfth [ltd @hnm. Hfedftrmnds alvhrsds mpdrths hsphelm`hs hf hsth fûnhrd. Hf  Írhm edrpdrm`, fds hfedftrmnds edf `m pmrtleu`mr edfehpelõf ah` euhrpd ah` psledmfm`lstm Ejrlstdpjh Ahkdurs hf su thxtd ‐@m lfth`lchfelm y h` euhrpd„. Emr`ds Omrzmfl mpdrtm ufm lfvhstlcmelõf drlclfm` sdorh h` drlchf deu`td ah `m pm`morm ‐putd„, rhndftífadsh m `m edfqulstm hspmýd`m hf su mrtîeu`d ‐‚Wutd“ ednd emthcdrîm ah phrsdfm„. M`hkmfard Rmlfhr lfamcm sdorh `m `mrcm jlstdrlm ah `ds psledmfm`lstms y `m nûslem hf

‐\hfad ah` alvíf m` plmfd„. Erlstlíf Uueisadrb fds l`unlfm sdorh `ms rhelhfths moalemeldfhs ah` pmpm y rhyhs hf ‐@ms ads nuhrths ah` rhy„. \ Eìsmr Jmzmil fds rhvh`m uf mfí`lsls hse`mrhehadr sdorh `ds metum`hs bhfõnhfds ah` sh`blh y h` shxtlfc, vlstds ahsah `m phrsphetlvm ah` lnpmetd sdorh `ds flýds ah jdy. Wmrm blfm`lzmr, rhedramnds rhedramnds quh h` =8 ah shptlhnorh hs `m bhejm ah elhrrh pmrm h` hfvîd ah trmomkds pmrm h` ]ulftd Edfeursd Lfthrfmeldfm` ah Hfsmyd orhvh ‐?8 mýds ah `m _hvlstm Qdpîm„ (?7=1-8), euyms omshs sh hfeuhftrmf hf

www.tdplm.edn.mr. Jmstm `m prõxlnm.

Hfrlquh Emrplfthrd, Eìsmr Jmzmil y  M`hkmfard Rmlfhr  Rmlfhr 

 

Haltdrlm`

5

p / 

Wmrm ednhr th nhkdr… Ah `m m`lnhftmelõf m `m cmstrdfdnîm ah `m sdelhama edfsunlstm

HF_L]XH EM_WLFQH_D

Wsledm fm`lstm hfrlquh.emrplfthrdGtdplm.edn.mr 

@m pm`morm ‐ednlam„ tlhfh nû`tlp`hs shftlads nhtmbõrleds. Fds hvdem hsds ndnhftds mcrmamo`hs quh ednpmrtlnds hf ufm nhsm edf bmnl`lmrhs y mnlcds d `m ah nl``dfhs ah phrsdfms quh fd tlhfhf `m pdslol`lama ah m`lnhftmrsh. Whrd tmnolìf fds aleh ah `ds ahshds y `ms hndeldfhs quh hfeuhftrmf `m pu`slõf drm` uf dokhtd ah mndr y hf dald edf h` Wrlnhr dtrd. Wdr h``d, m`lnhftmrfds am euhftm ah` p`mehr quh dothfhnds ah ufm  ouhfm ednlam, ednd ah `ms edfsheuhfelm tríclems ah` empltm`lsnd nufalm`lzmad. Ulf hnomrcd, fd fds hfbrhftmnds sd`mnhfth m uf nufad quh jmeh dsthftmelõf ah su rlquhzm nlhftrms edfahfm m nl``dfhs ah phrsdfms m ndrlrsh ah jmn orh9 fds hfbrhftmnds m` prhadnlfld ah doshsldfh doshs ldfhs, s, euyds sîftdnms sîftdnms ednpu`slednpu`slvds edfstruyhf euhrpds dohsds d euhrpds hxehslvmnhfth b`meds hf `m mfdrhxlm y `m ou`lnlm.

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Emphrueltm _dkm; uf buturd edf trmstdrfds m`lnhftlelds Wdahnds hstmo`hehr ufm mfm`dcîm hftrh h` ‐ednhr„ y h` m`lnhftd quh fds prd-

lfvhftlvm y mrtîstlem `h phrnltlrí suphrmr `ds prdo`hnms quh sh thfarí quh hfbrhftmr m `d `mrcd ah su vlam. H` lfthrìs ah Am Rlfel pdr `m ednlam `h vlhfh ahsah nuy kdvhf. Ahkm ah hstualmr edf h` plftdr y hseu`tdr Rhrrdeejld ah B`drhfelm pmrm morlr edf uf mnlcd ufm tmohrfm quh ``mnm @m Juh``m ah `ms Qrhs _mfms ah Umfard y @hdfmrad . M``î ahedrmf `ms pmrhahs edf eumards y rhhnp`mzmf h` p`mtd prlfelpm` quh ednîmf hf hsm ìpdem -uf pdtmkh crmslhftd edf trdzds ah emrfhs lrrhedfdelo`hs- pdr phquhýms rhomfmams ah vhchtm`hs blfmnhfth ahedrmads edf ufm mfejdm alspuhstm hf h` p`mtd. Dovlmnhfth hstm hxeìftrlem ednlam fd tlhfh ìxltd. Whrd hs edf h` cdohrfmfth ah Nl`íf, h` edfah @uadvled Ubdrzm qulhf `h dtdrcm h` emrcd ah Edfshkhrd ah Bdrtlblemeldfhs y Nmhstrd ah `m Edrth, adfah ahsmrrd``m su pmslõf pdr `m edelfm. Mquî hnplhzm m hserlolr sus mfdtmeldfhs hf uf `lord quh `uhcd sh edfdeh ednd h` Eõaleh _dnmfdbb (=1