Revisi Makalah Emulsi Kelompok 3

 

IFTMF^CSX@BF HF^FT MFBFOFL CMSO^@ Hasce ; Hcw` Tflmf I`tr`.,M.Ifrm.,Fpt I`tr`.,M.Ifrm.,Fpt

H@^S^SE AOCL ; Feggf

(4:4:36:43)

I`tr`f Irfes`sbf

(4:4:3694)

Oao`tf Feggrcfe`

(4:4:36: 

Xukufe hfe Mfeifft

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8

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DFD @@ OFEHF^FE XCAT@ 4.6

Hfsfr tcar`……….………………............................................................. tcar`……….………………............................................................. 3

4.4

Bctcetuffe sch`ffe cmuos` hfofm pcofyfefe rcscp ..................................... ..................................... 66

4.>

Naetal rcscp ………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………  66

DFD @@@ ZCESXSZ >.6

Bcs`mpuofe ......................................... ............................................................... ........................................ .................................. ................ 4>

>.4

^frfe ........................................ .............................................................. ......................................... ..................................... ........................ ...... 4>

Hfitfr Zustfbf ……………………………………………………………………  ……………………………………………………………………  48

>

 

DFD @  ZCEHFLSOSFE

DCOFBFEG   6.6. OFXFT DCOFBFEG

^`stcm baoa`h dfeyfb h`guefbfe pfhf bcl`hupfe sclfr`-lfr`, tcrutfmf hfofm bcl`hupfe sclfr`-lfr`. Lfo `e` h`scdfdbfe s`ift bfrfbtcr`st`b baoa`h yfeg pcet`eg, yf`tu hfpft h`guefbfe uetub mcenfmpur zft-zft yfeg t`hfb hfpft sfo`eg mcofrutbfe scnfrf lamagce hfe dcrs`ift stfd`o uetub prahubs` hfofm sbfof dcsfr.^fofl sftu s`stcm baoa`h yfeg fhf hfofm bcl`hupfe sclfr`  „   lfr` hfe hfofm `ehustr` fhfofl kce`s cmuos`.  cmuos`.   Cmuos` mcrupfbfe suftu s`stcm yfeg t`hfb stfd`o, scl`eggbfe scl`eggbfe h`dutulbfe zft pcegcmuos` pcegcmuos` ftfu cmuogftar uetub mcestfd`obfeeyf scl`eggf fetfrf zft yfeg tcrh`spcrs` hcegfe  pceh`spcrs`eeyf t`hfb fbfe pcnfl ftfu bchufeeyf t`hfb fbfe tcrp`sfl. H`t`ekfu H `t`ekfu hfr` scg` bcpaofrfe, cmuos` mcrupfbfe nfmpurfe nf`rfe paofr hfe nf`rfe eae paofr.^fofl sftu cmuos` yfeg b`tf bcefo sclfr`-lfr` fhfofl susu, h` mfef ocmfb tcrh`spcrs` hfofm f`r. Hfofm susu tcrbfehueg bfsc`e suftu pratc`e yfeg dcriuegs` scdfgf` zft pcegcmuos`. Dcdcrf naetal cmuos` yfeg of`e fhfofl pcmduftfe cs br`m, sfdue, sf due, hctcrkce, yfeg mcegguefbfe pcegcmuos` gcoft`e.  gcoft`e.   Hfr` lfo tcrscdut h`ftfs mfbf sfegftofl pcet`eg uetub mcmpcofkfr` s`stcm cmuos` bfrcef hcegfe tflu dfeyfb tcetfeg s`stcm cmuos` `e` mfbf fbfe ocd`l muhfl kugf uetub mcegctflu` zft  „  zft   zft pcegcmuos` fpf sfkf yfeg nanab uetub mcestfd`obfe cmuos` scof`e `tu kugf hfpft h`bctflu` ifbtar  „  ifbtar   ifbtar yfeg mcecetubfe stfd`oeyf cmuos` tcrscdut bfrcef scof`e ifbtar zft pcegcmuos` tcrscdut kugf h`pcegfrul` gfyf scdfgf` pcestfd`o cmuos`.  cmuos`.   ^`stcm cmuos` tcrmfsub kce`s baoa`h hcegfe ifsc tcrh`spcrs`eyf dcrupf zft nf`refmue hfofm mfbfofl `e` b`tf lfeyf fbfe mcmdflfs mcegcef` s`stcm cmuos` sfkf h`fetfrfeyf hfr` hcice`s` cmuos`, mcbfe`smc scnfrf b`m`f hfe i`s`bf, tcar` hfe pcrsfmffeeyf hfe scrtf  pcecrfpfeeyf hfofm bcl`hupfe bcl`hupfe sclfr` „  sclfr` „  lfr`  lfr` hfe `ehustr`.

6.4. TSMS^FE MF^FOFL MF^FOFL   6. Dfgf`mfef hcice`s` sch`ffe cmuos`1 cmuos`1   4. Dfgf`mfefbfl t`pc-t`pc sch`ffe cmuos`1 cmuos`1   >. Fpfbfl bampaece-bampae bampaece-bampaece ce sch`ffe cmuos`1 cmuos`1   6.>. MFB^SH HFE XSKSFE

Mfbsuh hfe tukufe hfr` mfbfofl `e` yf`tu scof`e scdfgf` sfofl sftu syfrft pce`of`fe hfr` mftf buo`fl Ifrfmfsct`bf @.Xctfp` kugf uetub mcefmdfl pcegctflufe mflfs`swf mcegcef` sch`ffe

8

 

cmuos`.H`lfrfpbfe hcegfe fhfeyf mfbfofl `e` pcmdfnf hfpft ocd`l mcmflfm` ofg` mcegcef` sch`ffe cmuos`.

DFD @@ ZCMDFLF^FE

4.6. HF^FT XCAT@

Cmuos` fhfofl sch`ffe yfeg mcegfehueg dflfe adft nf`r ftfu nf`rfe adft tcrh`spcrs` hfofm nf`rfe pcmdfwf h`stfd`obfe hcegfe zft pcegcmuos` ftfu surifbtfe yfeg nanab. Ftfu cmuos` fhfofl suftu s`stcm lctcragce yfeg t`hfb stfd`o scnfrf tcrmah`efm`bf, yfeg tcrh`r` hfr`  pfo`eg sch`b`t huf ifsc nf`rfe yfeg t`hfb dcrnfmpur, h`mfef sfofl sftueyf tcrh`spcrs` hfofm nf`rfe of`eeyf hfofm dcetub tctcsfe „ tctcsfe tctcsfe bcn`o, yfeg dcruburfe :,6-6:: mm, yfeg h`stfd`obfe hcegfe cmuogftar/surifbtfe yfeg nanab. ZCEGCTX@FE ZCEGCTX@F E CMSO^@ MCESTSX IFTMFBAZC Y HFE Y@

Fhfofl ^`stcm huf ifsc yfeg sfofl sftu nf`rfeeyf tcrh`spcrs` hfofm nf`rfe of`e,hfofm dcetub tctcsfe bcn`o. 6.Xcar` tcrkfh`eyf Cmuos` fhf 8 yf`tu ; 6.Xcar` Xcgfegfe Zcrmubffe ( ^urifnc Xces`ae )

Maocbuo mcm`o`b` hfyf tfr`b mcefr`b fetfr maocbuo sckce`s yfeg h`scdut hcegfe balcs`. ^cof`e `tu, maocbuo kugf mcm`o`b` hfyf tfr`b mcefr`b fetfr maocbuo yfeg t`hfb sckce`s yfeg h`scdut hcegfe fhlcs`. Hfyf balcs` suftu zft scofou sfmf scl`eggf pfhf pcrmubffe suftu zft nf`r fbfe tcrkfh` pcrdchffe tcgfegfe bfrcef t`hfb fhfeyf bcsc`mdfegfe hfyf balcs`. Xcgfegfe tcrkfh`  pfhf pcrmubffe tcrscdut h`efmfbfe hcegfe tcgfegfe pcrmubffe ‟surifnc tces`ae”. Hcegfe nfrf yfeg sfmf hfpft h`kcofsbfe tcrkfh`eyf pcrdchffe tcgfegfe d`hfeg dftfs huf nf`rfe yfeg t`hfb hfpft dcrnfmpur ‟`mm`ndoc o`qu`h”. Xcgfegfe yfeg tcrkfh` fetfrf 4 nf`rfe h`efmfbfe tcgfegfe d`hfeg dftfs. ‟`etcrifnc tces`ae”.  tces`ae”.   4.Xcar` Ar`cetfs` Dcetub Dfk`

Xcar` `e` mcekcofsbfe iceamcef tcrdcetubeyf cmuos` dcrhfsfrbfe fhfeyf bcofrutfe scocbt`i hfr`  dfg`fe maocbuo cmuogftar2 fhf dfg`fe yfeg dcrs`ift subf f`r ftfu muhfl ofrut hfofm f`r hfe fhf macobuo yfeg subf m`eyfb ftfu muuhfl ofrut hfofm m`eyfb. ^ct`fp maocbuo cmuogftar h`dfg` mcekfh` huf;  

Bcoampab l`hrai`o`b, yf`tu dfg`fe cmuogftar yfeg subf f`r.

 

Bcoampab o`pai`o`b, yf`tu dfg`fe cmuogftar yfeg subf m`eyfb. m`eyfb.

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3

 

Mfs`eg-mfs`eg bcoampab fbfe dcrgfdueg hcegfe zft nf`r yfeg h`scefeg`eyf, bcoampab l`hrai`o bc hfofm f`r hfe bcoampab o`pai`o bc hfofm m`eyfb. Hcegfe hcm`b`fe, cmuogftar scaofl-aofl mcekfh` tfo` pceg`bft fetfrf m`eyfb hcegfe f`r hcegfe m`eyfb, fetfrf bchuf bcoampab tcrscdut fbfe mcmduft suftu bcsct`mdfegfe. ^ct`fp kce`s cmuogftar mcm`o`b` lfrgf bcsc`mdfegfe yfeg dcsfreyf t`hfb sfmf. Lfrgf bcsc`mdfegfe `tu h`bcefo hcegfe `st`ofl LOD (Lyhraplyo Oypaplyo Dfofenc) yf`tu fegbf yfeg mceuekubfe pcrdfeh`egfe Fetfrf bcoampab o`pai`o hcegfe bcoampab l`hrai`o. ^cmfb`e dcsfr lfrgf LOD dcrfrt` scmfb`e dfeyfb bcoampab yfeg subf pfhf f`r, `tu frt`eyf cmuogftar tcrscdut ocd`l muhfl ofrut hfofm f`r hfe hcm`b`fe scdfo`beyf. >.Xcar` @etcrpfrs`fo @etcrpfrs`fo I`om (Xcar` (Xcar` Zofst`n I`om )

Xcar` `e` mcegftfbfe dflwf cmuogftar fbfe h`scrfp pfhf dftfs fetfrf f`r hcegfe m`eyfb, scl`eggf tcrdcetub ofp`sfe i`om yfeg fbfe mcmduegbus pfrt`bco ifsc h`spcrs ftfu ifsc `etcrefo. Hcegfe tcrduegbuseyf pfrt`bco tcrscdut, usflf fetfr pfrt`bco sckce`s uetub dcrgfdueg mcekfh` tcrlfofeg. Hcegfe bftf of`e, ifsc h`spcrs mcekfh` stfd`o. Setub mcmdcr`bfe stfd`o`tfs mfbs`mum. 8.Xcar` Cocbtr`n Haudoc Ofycr (ofp`sfe o`str`b gfehf)

K`bf m`eyfb tcrh`spcrs` bchfofm f`r, sftu ofp`s f`r yfeg ofegsueg dcrluduegfe hcegfe  pcrmubffe m`eyfb `bfe dcrmuftfe sckce`s, schfegbfe ofp`sfe ofp`sf e dcr`buteyf fbfe dcrmuftfe yfeg  dcrofwfefe hcegfe ofp`sfe h`hcpfeeyf. h`hcpfeeyf. Hcegfe hcm`b`fe scaofl-scaofl t`fp pfrt`bco m`eyfb h`o`ehueg` aocl 4 dcetceg ofp`sfe o`str`b yfeg sfo`eg dcrofwfefe.dcetceg tcrscdut fbfe mceaofb sct`fp usflf hfr` pfrt`bco m`eyfb yfeg fbfe mceggfehfbfe pceggfduegfe mcekfh` 6 maoubco dcsfr.bfrcef susuef o`str`b yfeg mceycoudueg` scsfmc pfrt`bco fbfe taofb mceaofb hfe stfd`o`tfs cmuos` fbfe  dcrtfmdfl.tcrkfh`eyf muftfe o`str`b h`scdfdbfe aocl aocl sfofl sftu hfr` bct`gf nfrf h`dfwfl `e`.

  Xcrkfh`eyf `se`sfs` hfr` maocbuo pfhf pcrmuoffe pfrt`bco.   Xcrkfh`eyf fdsards `ae aocl pfrt`bco hfr` nf`rfe h`scb`tfreyf. h `scb`tfreyf.   Xcrkfh`eyf gcscbfe pfrt`bco hcegfe nf`rfe h`scb`tfreyf.

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4.Bampaece Cmuos` Cmuos` hfpft h`gaoaegbfe h`gaoaegbfe mcekfh` 4 mfnfm yf`tu ; 6.  Bampaece Hfsfr

Fhfofl dflfe dflfe pcmdcetub pcmdcetub cmuos` cmuos` yfeg lfrus tcrhfpft hfofm cmuos`. Xcrh`r` ftfs;  

Ifsc h`spcrs/ifsc `etcrefo/ifsc h`snaet`euc Pf`tu zft nf`r yfeg tcrdfg`-dfg` mcekfh` dut`rfe bcn`o bchfofm zft nf`r of`e.

 

Ifsc naet`euc/ifsc cxtcrefo/ifsc oufr Pf`tu zft nf`r hfofm cmuos` yfeg dcriuegs` scdfgf` dflfe hfsfr (pcehubueg) hfr` cmuos` tcrscdut.

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9

 

 

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Cmuogftar Fhfofl dfg`fe hfr` cmuos` yfeg dcriuegs` uetub mcestfd`obfe cmuos`. Cmuogftar Fofm scpcrt` ; Xumdul-tumdulfe ( Gam Frfd, trfgfnlfe, fgfr-fgfr, nlaehrus), Lcwfe` ( gcoft`e, bue`eg tcour, bfsc`e, hfe fhcps ofefc), Xfefl hfe m`ecrfo ( Yccgum/ Mfgecs`um Foumue`um ^`o`bft). Cmuogftar Duftfe; ^fdue, Xwcce (4:,8:,9:, gaoaegfe; F.Cmuogftar fofm hfr` tumdul-tumdulfe Dflfe-dflfe bfrdal`hrft , dflfe-dflfe fofm` scpcrt` fbfs`f (gam), trfgfbfe, fgfr, baehrus hfe pcnt`e. Dflfe-dflfe `e` mcmdcetub baoa`h l`hrai`o`b d`of h`tfmdflbfe bchfofm f`r hfe umumeyf mceglfs`obfe cmuos` m/f. D.Cmuogftar fofm hfr` lcwfe 

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[ft-zft pratc`e scpcrt` ; gcoft`e, bue`eg tcour, bfsc`e, hfe fhcps ofefc. Dflfe-dflfe `e` mceglfs`obfe cmuos` t`pc m/f. bcrug`fe gcoft`e scdfgf` suftu zft pcegcmuos` fhfofl sch`ffe mcekfh` tcrofou nf`r hfe mcekfh` ocd`l nf`r pfhf pceh`fmfe. N.Cmuogftar fofm hfr` tfefl m`ecrfo [ft pfhft yfeg tcrdfg` lfous, scpcrt` ; tfefl o`ft baoa`h tcrmfsub dcetae`t, mfgecs`um l`hrabs`hf hfe foum`e`um l`hrabs`hf. Smumeyf mcmdcetub cmuos` t`pc m/f d`of dflfe  pfhft h`tfmdflbfe h`tfmdflbfe bc ifsc f`r k`bf kumofl vaoumc vaoumc f`r ocd`l dcsfr hfr` m`eyfb. K`bf scrdub dflfe pfhft h`tfmdflbfe hfofm m`eyfb hfe vaoumc ifsc m`eyfb ocd`l dfeyfb hfr` f`r, suftu zft scpcrt` dcetae`t sfeggup mcmdcetub suftu cmuos` f/m. ^cof`e `tu  kugf tcrhfpft Yccgum / Mfgecs`um Foum`e`um Foum`e`um ^`o`bft 4.Cmuogftar duftfe f. ^fdue  d. Xwcce 4:2 8:2 8:2 9:2 mctahc hfofm pcmduftfe cmuos`, scnfrf s`egbft hfpft h`kcofsbfe; 6. Mctahc gam bcr`eg ftfu mctahc naet`ecetfo

[ft pcegcmuos` ( gam frfd ) h`nfmpur hcegfe m`eyfb, bcmuh`fe tfmdflbfe f`r uetub  pcmdcetubfe narpus cmuos`, cmuos`, dfru h` cencrbfe hcegfe s`sf f`r yfeg tcrsch`f. 4. Mctahc gam dfsfl ftfu mctahc @eggr`s

[ft pcegcmuos` h`tfmdflbfe bc hfofm f`r ( zft pcegcmuos` umumeyf ofrut ) fgfr mcmdcetub suftu mun`oofga, bcmuh`fe pcroflfe-oflfe m`eyfb h`nfmpurbfe uetub mcmdcetub cmuos`, sctcofl `tu dfru h`cencrbfe hcegfe s`sf f`r. >. Mctahc datao ftfu mctahc datao iardcs

H`guefbfe uetub m`eyfb mcegufp hfe zft-zft yfeg dcrs`ift m`eyfb hfe mcmpueyf` v`sbas`tfs rcehfl ( burfeg bcetfo ). M`eyfb hfe scrdub gam h`mfsubbfe bc hfofm datao bcr`eg, bcmuh`fe h`tfmdflbfe 4 dfg`fe f`r, tutup datao bcmuh`fe nfmpurfe tcrscdut h`banab buft. Xfmdflbfe s`sf f`r sch`b`t hcm` sch`b`t sfd`o h`banab 9.Lfo-Lfo Pfeg Lfrus H`pcrlft`bfe Hfofm Mcmduft Cmuos` <

 

  ^ulu ^ulu  

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Xcgfegfe pcrmubffe hfe bcdfeyfbfe nf`rfe turue lfmp`r scnfrf o`ecfr hcegfe ef`beyf tcmpcrftur, yf`tu hcegfe ef`beyf cecrg` b`ect`b hfr` maocbuo tcrscdut.

 

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[ft tcrofrut Xcgfegfe pcrmubffe h`pcegfrul `aocl fhfeyf zft tcrofrut hfofm suftu nf`rfe. Zcefmdflfe zft tcrofrut fbfe mce`egbftbfe v`sbas`tfs ofrutfe, scl`eggf tcgfegfe  pcrmubffe fbfe dcrtfmdfl dcsfr. dcsfr.

  ^urifbtfe

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^urifbtfe fhfofl suftu zft yfeg dcrs`ift fbt`i pcrmubffe yfeg hfpft mceuruebfe tcgfegfe fetfrmubf (`etcrifn`fo tces`ae, @IX) m`eyfb-f`r.

  Kce`s Nf`rfe

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Zfhf umumeyf nf`rfe yfeg mcm`o`b` gfyf tfr`bfe fetfr maocbuo dcsfr, scpcrt` f`r, mfbf tcgfegfe pcrmubffeeyf kugf dcsfr. ^cdfo`beyf pfhf nf`rfe scpcrt` dces`e bfrcef gfyf tfr`bfe tfrf maocbuoeyf bcn`o, mfbf tcgfegfe pcrmubffeeyf kugf bcn`o.

  Baescetrfs` zft tcrofrut

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Baescetrfs` zft tcrofrut suftu ofrutfe d`ecr mcmpueyf` pcegfrul tcrlfhfp s`ift- s`ift ofrutfe tcrmfsub tcgfegfe mubf hfe fhsards` pfhf pcrmubffe ofrutfe. [ft tcrofrut yfeg h`tfmdflbfe bchfofm ofrutfe fbfe mceuruebfe tcgfegfe mubf, bfrcef mcmpueyf`baescetrfs`h`pcrmubffe yfeg ocd`l dcsfr hfr`pfhf h`hfofm ofrutfe dcg`tu  pue scdfo`beyf. 7.Xukufe Zcmfbf`fe Cmuos` Xukufe pcmduftfe cmuos` yf`tu mceutup` rfsf yfeg t`hfb cefb pfhf adft, mcmuhflbfe prascs  pcencreffe, hfe mcmuhflbfe mcmuhflbfe hfofm pcmfbf`fe. .  Cmuos` hfpft mcegurfeg` rfsf yfeg t`hfb cefb 8.  Adft mcekfh` ocd`l muhfl h` fdsarps`

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3.  Cicb tcrfp` hfpft h`pcrpfekfeg 9.  Ocd`l cbaeam`s 0

 

  Bcburfegfe 6.  ^ch`ffe burfeg prfbt`s 4.  ^tfd`o`tfs rcehfl h` dfeh`eg tfdoct >.  Xfbfrfe has`s burfeg tco`t` 8.  X`hfb tflfe ofmf 3.  Cmuos` tcrbfhfeg suo`t h`duft hfe mcmdutulbfe tcbe`b pcmrascsfe pcmrascsfe blusus

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0.Mfnfm 0.Mfnfm  „  mfnfm Bcrusfbfe Cmuofs`

  Nrcfm`eg ; Mcrupfbfe mcrupfbfe suftu dcetub bcrusfbfe cmuos` scnfrf cstct`bf.Lfo

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`e` pfst` tcrkfh` pfhf zft tcrh`spcrs` yfeg mcm`o`b` dadat kce`s yfegocd`l dcsfr h`dfeh`egbfe hcegfe zft pceh`spcrs`eyf. Bcrusfbfe `e` dcrs`ift rcvcrs`dco r cvcrs`dco hfe hfpft h`ftfs` hcegfe mcofbubfe pceganabfe.

  Ioabuofs`  ; Bcrusfbfe `e` tcrkfh` fb`dft ocmfleyf gfyf taofb mceaofb (patces`fozctf)

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fetfrf tctcs-tctcs tcrh`spcrs`, scl`eggf mcegfb`dftbfe tctcstcrh`spcrs` tcrscdut sfo`eg  dcrhcbftfe. Lfo `e` hfpft h`ftfs` kugf hcegfe pceganabfe, efmue uetub mcencgfl tcrkfh`eyf pcocbftfe yfeg buft, mfbfh`tfmdflbfe baoa`h pco`ehueg (mus`ofga) uetub mco`ehueg` pcrmubffetctcs tcrh`spcrs` tcrscdut, kfh` fbfe muhfl tcrocpfs sfft h`banab.

  Aswfoh

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suftu T`pce`eg ; Mcrupfbfe bafocsces(pceggfduegfe tctcs tcrh`spcrs`).

kfofe

uetub

mceuku

bc

scdufl

  Bafocsces ; Mcrupfbfe

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suftu dcetub bcrusfbfe yfeg h`fb`dftbfe aocl burfegeyfsurifbtfe yfeg h`guefbfe, scl`eggf ofp`sfe pco`ehueg pfhf pcrmubffetctcsfe ocmfl. Kfh` tctcsfe tcrscdut fbfe dcrius` (dcrgfdueg) mcmdcetubsuftu tctcsfe yfeg  dcrh`fmctcr ocd`l dcsfr. Bcrusfbfe `e` dcrs`ift`rrcvcrs`dco hfe fbfe mceycdfdbfe tcrkfh`eyf pcm`sflfe ifsc (nrfnb`eg).

  @evcrs`

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ifsc ; Bcrusfbfe `e` tcrkfh` bfrcef vaoumc ifsc tcrh`spcrs` lfmp`r sfmf kumofleyf hcegfe ifsc pceh`spcrs` scl`eggf tcrkfh` pcrudflfe t`pc hfr`a/w mcekfh` w/a ftfu scdfo`beyf

6:.Nfrf Mcmdchfbfe Mcmdchfbfe X`pc Cmuos`

H`bcefo dcdcrfpf nfrf mcmdchfbfe t`pc cmuos` yf`tu; 6. Hcegfe pcegcencrfe ifsc.

^ct`fp cmuos` hfpft h`cencrbfe hcegfe ifsc cxtcrefoeyf. Hcegfe pr`es`p tcrscdut, cmuos` t`pc a/w hfpft h`cencrbfe hcegfe f`r schfegbfe cmuos` t`pc w/a hfpft h`cencrbfe hcegfe m`eyfb. 4. Hcegfe pcegcnftfe/pcmdcr`fe pcegcnftfe/pcmdcr`fe wfref.

[ft wfref fbfe tcrscdfr hfofm cmuos` fpfd`of zft tcrscdut ofrut hfofm ifsc cxtcrefo hfr` cmuos` tcrscdut. Cmuos` + ofrutfe ^uhfe @@@ hfpft mcmdcr` wfrfef mcrfl cmuos` t`pc w/a, bfrcef ^uhfe @@@ ofrut hfofm m`eyfb. Cmuos` + ofrutfe mct`oce douc hfpft mcmdcr` wfref d`ru pfhf cmuos` t`pc a/w bfrcef mct`oce douc ofrut hfofm f`r. >. Hcegfe bcrtfs sfr`eg. 6:

 

D`of cmuos` h`tctcsbfe pfhf bcrtfs sfr`eg, bcrtfs sfr`eg mcekfh` dfsfl mfbf t`pc cmuos` a/w,hfe  d`of t`mduo eahf m`eyfb m`eyfb afhf bcrtfs dcrfrt` wmuos` t`pc w/a. 8. Hcegfe baehubt`v`tfs o`str`b

Foft yfeg h`pfbf` fhfofl bfwft hfe stap baetfb, bfwft hcegfe tflfefe 6: B ½ wftt , ofmpu ecae ¿ wftt, h`luduegbfe scnfrf scr`. Cocbtrahf h`ncoupbfe hfofm nf`rfe cmuos`. Ofmpu ecae fbfe mceyfof d`of cocbtrahf h`ncoupbfe hfofm nf`rfe cmuos` t`pc a/w, hfe fbfe mft` d`of h`ncoupbfe pfhf cmuos` t`pc w/a. 66.Nfrf mcmdchfbfe cmuos` df`b ftfu t`hfb

Cmuos` yfeg df`b sfofl sftu n`r`eyf fhfofl fpfd`of tcrkfh` pcm`sflfe fetfrf huf ofp`sfe mfbf sch`ffe `e` fbfe muhfl tcrh`spcrs` bcmdfo` sctcofl h`ofbubfe pceganabfe lfo `e` h`scdut Nrcfm`eg. Xfp` fpfd`of tcrkfh` Nrfnb`eg ftfu bafocsfe yf`tu tcrp`sfleyf cmuos` bfrcef i`om yfeg mco`put` pfrt`bco rusfb hfe dut`r m`eyfb fbfe bafocsfe ( mceyftu ), scl`eggf hcegfe  pceganabfe pue ofrutfe t`hfb tcrh`spcrs` t crh`spcrs` bcmdfo`. Ftfu tcrkfh`eyf t crkfh`eyf `eicrs` m`eyfb hfofm f`r ftfu ft fu f`r hfofm m`eyfb yfeg dcrs`ift tctfp (@rrcvcrs`doc), mfbf cmuos` h`bftfbfe t`hfb df`b. 64.Zcey`mpfefe pfhf sch`ffe Cmuos`

Hcm` mcekfgf stfd`o`tfs sch`ffe cmuos` mfbf ifbtar pcey`mpfeffe adft pcrou h`pcrlft`bfe, sch`ffe cmuos` scdf`beyf h`s`mpfe h`tcmpft yfeg bcr`eg hfofm wfhfl tcrtutup rfpft pfhf sulu rufegfe hfe tcro`ehueg hfr` s`efr mftflfr`. Lfo tcrpcet`eg yfeg pcrou h`sfmpf`bfe kugf bcpfhf  pfs`ce blususeyf uetub sch`ffe cmuos` fhfofl mceganabeyf tcrocd`l hfluou scdcoum h`guefbfe.

4.4. BCXCEXSFE ^CH@FFE CMSO^@ HFOFM ZCOFPFEFE TC^CZ

  Fhf pcrm`etffe tcrtuo`s hfr` habtcr   H`dcr`bfe ofdco ‟banab Hfluou” h` ct`bct adft  adft  

 

  H`s`mpfe scsuf` bctcetufe yfeg tcrnfetum hfofm drasur adft



4.> NAEXAL TC^CZ CMSO^@

66

 

Naetal rcscp 6

hr. H`ef Fehr`fef ^@Z ; 483

Kfbfrtf, 44 hcscmdcr 4::7 T/ M`eyfb `bfe ZGF Fquf Aocum N`eefmam` m.i.Cmuos` ^.4.hh 6 N

73 grfm 63 grfm >7,3 grfm 8 tctcs

hr.H`ef Fehr`fef Zra ; Feh` Tflmfe`egs`l (0 tflue) Fofmft ; Ko. Tfyf Dfrugf EA.644  Ea Xop ; :69447. Aocum N`eefmam` (Ifrmfbapc @ehaecs`f Ch`s` @@@, lfo ; 838)

 Efmf Tcsm`

; AOCSM N@EEFMAM@ N@EEFMAM@

 Efmf Of`e

; M`eyfb bfyu mfe`s mfe`s

Zcmcr`fe

; Nf`rfe suo`eg scgfr dcrwfref bue`eg, dfu hfe rfsf blfs, k`bf h`s`mpfe hfpft mcekfh` naboft bcmcrflfe

Bcofrutfe

; Hfofm ctfeao ofrutfe 6 mo ctfeao (7:%) p, apfocsces` yfeg tcrkfh` t`hfb ocd`l buft hfr` apfocsces` ofrutfe yfeg h`duft hcegfe mcefmdflbfe :,3 mo pcrfb e`trft:,6 E, bchfofm nfmpurfe :,3 mo  Eftr`um Boar`hf Boar`hf :,:4 E hfe 3: mo f`r.

Zcey`mpfefe

; Hfofm wfhfl tcrtutup rfpft, tcr`s` pceul, tcro`ehueg hfr` nflfyf h`tcmpft sckub

Blfs`ft

; [ft tfmdflfe (Bfrm`eft`vum)

8. ZGF (Ifrmfbapc @ehaecs`f Ch`s` @@@, lfo ; 470)

 Efmf Tcsm`

; GSMM@ FNFN@FC FNFN@FC

 Efmf Of`e

; Gam fbfs`f / Gam frfd

Zcmcr`fe

; Lfmp`r t`hfb dcrdfu, rfsf tfwfr scpcrt` ocehcr 6>

 

Bcofrutfe

; Muhfl ofrut hfofm f`r, mceglfs`obfe mceglfs`obfe ofrutfe yfeg bcetfo hfe tcmdus nflfyf, prfbt`s t`hfb ofrut hfofm ctfeao (03%).

Zcey`mpfefe

; Hfofm wfhfl tcrtutup df`b

Blfs`ft

; [ft tfmdflfe.

f. Zcrl`tuegfe Has`s hfe Zce`mdfegfe Dflfe 

Adft yfeg h`t`mdfeg/h`ubur uetub pcmduftfe narpus cmuos` Cmuogftar ; 6 x ZGF ; 6 x 63 grfm ; 63 grfm F`r ; 6,3 x ZGF ; 6,3 x 63 g ; 44,3 mo M`eyfb ; 4 x ZGF ; 4 x 63 grfm ; >: grfm ^`sf dflfe yfeg fbfe h`tfmdflbfe sctcofl pcmduftfe narpus cmuos` yf`tu; F`r (Fqufhcst) ; >7,3 mo - 44,3 mo ; 44,3 mo M`yfb `bfe ; 73 grfm „  grfm „  >: grfm ; 83 grfm Aocum N`eefmam` ; 8 tctcs d. Zce`mdfegfe bcscourulfe  

 EA. Efmf adft

Kumofl mg/g/mo/o

6.

ZGF

63grfm

4.

M`eyfb @bfe

73 grfm

>.

Aocum N`eefmam`

8 tctcs

8.

Fqufhcst

>7,3 mo

adft

Zraschur bcrkf

6. H`s`fpbfe foft hfe dflfe yfeg fbfe h`guefbfe 4. H`t`mdfeg dflfe bcscourulfe scsuf` pcrl`tuegfe >. H`duft narpus cmuos` cmuos` hcegfe mcmfsubbfe m`eyfb m`eyfb >: grfm bchfofm mart`r yfeg bcr`eg hfe h`tfmdflbfe ZGF 63 grfm ofou gcrus sfmpf` lamagce 8. H`tfmdflbfe 44,3 mo f`r scbfo`gus, h`gcrus h`gcrus hcegfe ncpft l`eggf l`eggf dcrdcetub dcrdcetub narpus cmuos` cmuos` (Zut`l susu) 3. H`tfmdflbfe H`tfmdflbfe sch`b`t hcm` hcm` sch`b`t s`sf s`sf m`eyfb 83 grfm hfe f`r 63 mo 9. H`mfsubbfe bchfofm datao datao naboft hfe h`dcr` 8 tctcs m`eyfb m`eyfb bfyu mfe`s 68

 

7. H`banab hfe h`dcr` ct`bct put`l put`l G/^`p/4::: 64>G/^`p/4::: Ko. Dcofehf Ea. 6: Kfbfrtf Dfrft Xcocpae ;7>889793 Kfbfrtf,4 Eavcmdcr4::0 T/ Aocum Ocnar`s Ocnar `s Fsco`e ZGF Goyscr`e Fquf m.i. cmuos`

43 grfm 7,3 grfm 4,3 grfm 6 dfg`fe vaoumc ctfeao (03%)p, ofrutfe mceuekubbfe mceueku bbfe apfocsces` t`hfb ocd`l buft hfr` apfocsces` yfeg tcrkfh`  k`bf :,3 mO

pcrfb

e`trft :,6 E h`tfmdflbfe pfhf nfmpurfe

mo eftr`um boar`hf :,:4 E hfe 3: mO f`r Zcey`mpfefe

; Hfofm wfhfl tcrtutup rfpft, tcr`s` pceul, tcro`ehueg hfr` Nflfyf

Bcgueffe

; [ft tfmdflfe

f.Zcrl`tuegfe Has`s hfe Zce`mdfegfe Dflfe

Adft yfeg h`t`mdfeg/h`ubur uetub pcmduftfe narpus cmuos` Ncrf Iofvf

; 6: grfm

Cmuogftar

; 6x ZGF ; 6x 6 grfm ; 6,3x 6 grfm ; 6.3 mo

Fqufhcst

^`sf dflfe yfeg fbfe h`tfmdflbfe sctcofl pcmduftfe narpus cmuos` yf`tu; Bampas`s` ^yrup s`mpocx 6: grfm F`r ; 8:% x 6: grfm ; 8 mo Guof ; 9:% x 6: grfm ; 9 grfm Ao fe`s` ; 6 tctcs d.Zcegfmd`ofe d.Zcegfmd`o fe Dflfe  60

:,3

 

 Ea

Efmf Adft

Kumofl

6 4 > 8 3

Fqufhcst Ncrf Iofvf ZGF Aocum Fe`s` ^yrup s`mpocx

6,3 mO 6: gr 6 gr 6 Xctcs 6: grfm

Zraschur bcrkf

H`s`fpbfe foft hfe dflfe yfeg fbfe h`guefbfe 6.  H`t`mdfeg ncrf iofvf scdfeyfb 6: grfm 4.  H`t`mdfeg 6 grfm ZGF >.  H`ococlbfe ncrf iofvf h`ftfs pcefegfs f`r 8.  H`mfsubfe ncrf iofvf bc hfofm mart`r ofou h`tfmdflbfe 6: grfm ZGF, h`gcrus hcegfe ncpft l`eggf lamagce 3.  H`tfmdflbfe f`r pfefs scdfeyfb 6,3 mo 9.  H`duft narpus cmuos` 7.  Xfmdflbfe syr s`mpocx 6: grfm h`gcrus bcmdfo` l`eggf lamagce .6 BC^@MZSOF B C^@MZSOFE E

Cmuos` mcrupfbfe sch`ffe yfeg mcegfehueg huf zft yfeg t`hfb hfpft dcrnfmpur, d`fsfeyf tcrh`r` hfr` m`eyfb hfe f`r, h`mfef nf`rfe yfeg sftu tcrh`spcrs` mcekfh` dut`r-dut`r bcn`o hfofm nf`rfe yfeg of`e.Cmuos` hfpft h`dchfbfe mcekfh` huf mfnfm yf`tu cmuos` vcrf (cmuos` fofm) hfe cmuos` spur`f (cmuos` duftfe). Cmuos` vcrf h`duft hfr` d`k` ftfu dufl, h`mfef tcrhfpft h`sfmp`eg m`eyfb ocmfb kugf cmuogftar yfeg d`fsfeyf mcrupfbfe zft scpcrt` put`l tcour. Fhf huf mfnfm t`pc cmuos` yfeg tcrdcetub yf`tu t`pc M/F h`mfef tctcs m`eyfb tcrh`spcrs` bchfofm ifsc f`r,hfe t`pc F/M h`mfef ifsc `etcre fhfofl f`r hfe ifsc cbstcre fhfofl m`eyfb.Ifsc `etcre h`scdut puof ifsc h`spcrs ftfu ifsc baet`eu.Bampaece cmuos` fhf huf yf`tu bampaece hfsfr yfeg tcrh`r` hfr` ifsc h`spcrs,ifsc bat`euc,hfe cmuogftar,hfe bampece tfmdflfe tcrh`r` hfr` pcegfwct,pcwfref,pcegframf,hfe fet`abs`hfe. >.4 ^FTFE

^cdfgf` mflfs`swf ifrmfs` scdf`beyf mcmflfm` ocd`l hfofm ofg` mcegcef` hcice`s` cmuos`,t`pc-t`pc cmuos`,scrtf bampaece cmuos` fgfr hfpft h` fpo`bfs`bfe pfhf sfft dcbcrkf df`b h` rumfl sfb`t,pusbcsmfs mfupue h` fpatcb.

46

 

DFD 6Y HFIXFT ZS^XFBF

ttps;//`h-`h.ifncdaab.nam/ncrhfsguefbfeadft/pasts/nfrf-pceggueffe-adfts`rup-suspces`-hfecmuos`s`rup lttps;//guhfeg`omu.ifrmfsct`bf.nam/lfo-pcet`eg-yfeg-lfrus-h`pcrlft`bfe-uetub-adft-dcrdcetubcmuos`.   cmuos`. Ifrmfsct`bf.nam,Guhfeg`omu.na Fesco,n lawfrh.60