Reviewer Topics

Water flows through an annulus composed of a 2”outside diameter inside a

 An oil company exploring for oil offshore of Palawan hit oil at the depth of

5” diameter pipe. Flow rate is to be 200 gal/min in a length of 2000 ft. What

200m below sea level. Crude oil gushed out a rate of 2210m 3/day at a

is the horsepower requirement if water has a density of62.4lb/ft 3  and a

pressure of 10kg/cm 2 gauge as measured by the meters and gauges at the

viscosity of 1 cP.

outlet end of the drill string located 20m above the water level. The drill string is made up of 6”sched80 steel pipe. In an analysis, the crude oil shows the

Water is flowing upward at 1.676 m/s through a vertical piping system

following properties at the flow condition: sp gr=0.805, μ= 2.7cP. Assuming

consisting of 3 ’’ sch40 steel pipe at the inlet and 2 “ sch40 steel pipe at the

that the height of the crude oil surface in the reservoir above the bottom end

outlet. The vertical distance from the inlet to the outlet is 0.457 m. The inlet

of the crude oil surface in the drill string is negligible, what is the pressure

pressure is 68.9 kPa absolute. Assuming no frictional losses, what will be

(in kPa abs) exerted by the gases on top of the crude oil surface in the

the outlet pressure?

reservoir.

Calculate the theoretical horsepower required to compress 100 cfm of

The MWSS is transporting freshwater at 25 0C by gravity from a dam in

carbon dioxide at -60 degF and 1 atm to 10 atm in a single stage adiabatic

Bulacan to filtration plant in Quezon City. The dam elevation relative to the

compressor. Use Cp/Cv = 1.3

filtration plant is100 m. The relative data for this operation are follows: Volume flow rate of fresh water

= 30,000m3/h

Cooling water at 22 0C flows through a 25 mm inside diameter smooth tube

Pipeline material

= steel

of length 10 m. If the pressure drop throughout the pipe is 20 kPa.

 Average inside diameter

=3.0 m

What is the velocity of water in the pipe?

 Ave. roughness of inside surface

= 0.3048cm

What is the mass flow rate at the outlet of the pipe?

Equivalent length

= 30km

Process water is to be heated to 86 0F in a tank at the bottling plant and

Convert 15.14 poises to kinematic viscosity in square feet per second if the

allowed to flow through a horizontal pipe at the rate of 170 gal/min and

liquid has a specific gravity of 0.964.

viscosity of 0.85cP. The available head is 28ft. What should be the pipe diameter if the friction factor f is 0.0047 and the length of the pipe is 1200 ft.

Water flows through an 8 in (ID=7.981 in) steel pipe at an average velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in main and a 2 in (ID=2.067

In a meat processing plant the refrigeration unit has a cooling tower handling

in) bypass pipes. If the velocity in the bypass is twice the velocity of the main

227.1 m3/h of cooling water. The water enters the tower at 320 K and is

pipe, calculate the volumetric flowrate in the main pipe in ft 3/s.

transported to the refrigeration unit using a 12-in sched 40 steel pipeline system with a total equivalent length of 3000 m against a potential head of30

 A piston of diameter 70.00 mm moves inside a cylinder of diameter 70.10

m and a pressure head of 5 kg/cm 2. What is the head in feet of water at 68 0F

mm. Determine the percent decrease in force necessary to move the piston

of the transport pump which have to be specified when ordering the pump?

when the lubricant warms from 0 to 120 0C. Values of μ for the lubricant are 0.01820 Pa-s at 0 0C and 0.00206 Pa-s at 120 0C.

Liquefied petroleum gas is being pumped at a rate of 300 m 3/h at 300C from Batangas City to Manila through high point at Lipa City, which is one km

Water at 200C is pumped at a constant rate of 9 m 3/h from a large reservoir

above the discharge at the booster pump at Batangas City. The total length

resting on the floor to the open top of an e xperimental absorption tower. The

of piping from the pump to the high point at 25 km and has four fully open

point of discharges is 5 m above the floor, and the frictional losses in the 50

gate valves and six 90 0 elbows, along the way. At 30 0C LPG has specific

mm pipe from the reservoir to the tower amount to 2.5 J/kg. At what height

gravity of 0.566, a viscosity of ,3 cP and a vapor pressure of 1 atm absolute.

in the reservoir must the water level be kept if the pump can develop only

What is the required discharge pressure (in kg/m2) of the booster pump to

0.1 kW?

avoid vapor lock at the high point?  A liquid having a density of 801 kg/m 3  and a viscosity 1.49x10 -3  Pa-s is  A centrifugal pump is to be used to extract water from a condenser in which which

flowing through a horizontal straight pipe of a velocity of 4.57 m/s. The

the vacuum is 640 mm Hg. At a rated discharge, the net positive suction

commercial steel pipe is 1 ½ in nominal pipe size, schedule 40. For a length

head must be at least 3m abo ve the cavitation vapor pressure of 710mm Hg

of a pipe of 61 m, do as follows:

vacuum. If the losses in the suction pipe account for a head of 1.5 m, what

Calculate the friction loss.

must be the least height of the liquid level in the condenser above the pump

For smooth tube of the same inside diameter, calculate the friction loss.

inlet?

What is the percent reduction of the F for the smooth tube?

Water flowing at 2.27 m 3/hr at 320 K is pumped through a 40 mm ID pipe,

How many gallons of water at 68˚F can be delivered through a 1320 ft. length

through a length of 150 m in a horizontal direction, and up through a vertical

of smooth 6.00- in ID pipe under a pressure difference of 0.25 psi?

height of 10 m. In the pipe there is a control valve, equivalent to 200 pipe diameters, and other pipe fittings equivalent to 60 pipe diameters. Also in

 A vertical pipe 100 ft. In length is carrying oil downward at the rate of 952

the line is a heat exchanger across which the head lost is 1.5 m water.

gpm. The pressure at the top is atmospheric and at the bottom is 16 psig.

 Assume that the main pipe has has a roughness of 0.2 mm What power must be

The pipe is 4-in. schedule 40 steel pipe. The oil has a density of 0.85

supplied to the pump if it is 60 percent efficient?

grams/cc and a viscosity of 8 cp. (a) if the oil is to be piped horizontally at the same size pipe from the foot of the vertical section, how far can it be sent

 A cooling water pump is operating at a speed of 2800 rpm. Its flow rate is

without requiring a pump, with the oil di scharging at atmospheric pressure?

1000 gal/min at a head of 160 ft.

(b) if the pipe is to be run at an angle down to the same level, how far from

What is the power requirement of the pump?

the base of the original vertical pipe will be the end of the pipe, with flow at

If the pump speed is increased to 5000 rpm, determine the new power

the same rate and discharging at the atmospheric pressure?

requirement. Oil with a density of 55 lb/cu. ft. And a viscosity of 48.5 lb/hr-ft. is flowing  A liquid with a density of 40lb/ft3 is flowing through a 2 in inside diameter

through a standard 6- in. schedule 40 pipe at 4 fps. Calculate a) Reynold’s

pipe. A 1 in diameter orifice is located in the line. The pressure drop across

no. b) power required for a 5-mile pipe line taking 60% overall efficiency c)

the orifice is indicated by the mercury manometer in which the f luid from the

reading on a mercury manometer measuring the drop across a 2.5-in.

pipe and the mercury are in contact. The reading taken from the manometer

diameter sharp-edged orifice d) power requirements for the orifice.

is 4 in. Assuming an orifice coefficient of 0.61, what is the flow of fluid in lb/ h?

What is the pressure loss per 100 meters of pipeline for a gas of density 1 kg/m3 flowing at 25 m/s, the pipe diameter is 10 cm and the flow is turbulent

 A horizontal annulus is 27 ft. long. long. The outside radius of of the inner cylinder is

so that f = 0.005. How many values of L/D are required to have a pressure

0.495 in.; the inside radius of the outer cylinder is 1.1 in. A 60 % aqueous

loss of 1 velocity head?

solution of sucrose (C12H22O11) is to be pumped through the annulus at

20˚C. At this temperature the fluid density is 80.3 lb/ft3 and its viscosity is

 An industrial furnace consumes 10 tons/hr of natural gas which for this

136.8 lbm / ft-hr. What is the volume rate of flow when the impressed

purpose may be assumed to be methane. The gas is burned completely with

pressure drop is 5.39 psi?

20% excess air. The pressure of the flue gas leaving the furnace and entering the chimney is 1.0 in. of water below atmospheric pressure. The

 A heavy oil at 300C with a density of 900 kg/m 3 and a viscosity of 6 cP is

chimney is specified to be of welded steel plate, 11 ft. ID. If the average

flowing in a 4 in sched 40 steel pipe. When the flow rate is 0.020 m 3/s, it is

temperature in the chimney is 500°F, the atmospheric pressure is 14.4 psia

desired to have a pressure drop of not more than 0.93 x 10 5  Pa. The

and the atmospheric temperature is 70°F, 70°F, how tall a chimney is required?

diameter of the orifice that should be used is Water at 50°F is flowing through a 3-in. schedule 4o pipe at a rate of 150  A pitot tube with with U-tube water manometer is attached to a horizontal horizontal pipe of

gpm. A) If a standard sharp-edged orifice 1 ¾ in. in diameter is inserted in

4 in inside diameter. If the manometer reading is 15 in, determine the

the line, what would be the reading on a mercury manometer connected

volumetric flowrate, in gpm, of oil in the pipe. The pitot opening is placed at

across the orifice? B) If a venturi meter with a throat 1-3/4 in. in diameter

the center of the pipe. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.84 and a viscosity

were used instead of teh orifice, what would the manometer read?

of 0.0336 lb/ft-s. Water flows in a 50 mm pipe, 100 m long, whose roughness ε is equal to  A 280 km long pipe connects two pumping stations. If 0.56 m 3/s are to be

0.013 mm. If the pressure drop across this length of pipe is not to exceed 50

pumped through 0.62 m diameter line, the discharge station is 250 m lower

kN/m2, what is the maximum allowable water velocity? The density and

in elevation than the upstream station and the discharge pressure is to be

viscosity of water may be taken as 1000 kg/m 3 and 1.0 mN s/m 2 respectively.

maintained at 300 kPa. Determine the power in kW required to pump the oil.

For the oil, υ= 4.5 x10 -6 m2/s and ρ= 810 kg/m 3. The inlet pressure may be

 A town derives its water supply from lake nearby, nearby, pumping it up to a

taken as atmospheric.

standpipe on the highest hill. The intake to the system is 10 ft below the lake surface, the inlet to the pump is 15 f t above lake surface, and the water level

What is the horsepower theoretically required to compress 1000 ft 3/ min or

in the tower is kept constant at 310 ft above the pump discharge. The friction

He from standard atmospheric pressure and 80 0F to 200 psig in a double-

loss is 140 ft-lb f /lb /lbm of water through the 6000 ft of 4 inch pipeline which

stage adiabatic compressor with perfect inter-cooling?

includes the total equivalent length of all piping from the lake to the water tower. If the pump capacity is 6000 GPH and the water pump set is 85%

efficient, what would be the hourly pumping cost is electric power is 7.50 per KW-hr?

 An oil well is 1200 ft below ground level. Oil at 500 psig at the bottom flows to ground level through a 12 inch sch40 commercial steel pipe. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.86 and viscosity of 8 cp. Calculate the volumetric flowrate in barrels/hr.

Water at 60 0F flows through a 3 “ sch40 pipe. A pitot tube in the pipe shows a 3” Hg differential. If the pitot tube is located at the center of the pipe, what is the mass flowrate of water?

The terminal settling velocity in water at 70 0F of a particle with a specific gravity of 2.0 and diameter of 100 microns is __ ft/s.

Solid spherical particles of coffee extract from a dryer having a diameter of 400 micrometers are falling through air at a temperature of 422K. The density of the particles is 1030 kg/m 3. The pressure is 101.32 kPa. The distance of fall in 5 s

 A glass sphere in water at 68 0F contains 1206 g of glass spheres in 1140 cm3 of total volume. The average diameter of the spheres, as determined from photomicrographs, was 0.061 in and the true density of the spheres was 154 lb/ft3. For water at 680F, the desnity is 62.2 lb/ft 3 and viscosity is 6.72x10-4lb/ft-s. The terminal velocity in ft/s for the hindered settling is

Given xf=0.45, xp=0.55 and xr=0.175, find the effectiveness of the screen.

Sphericity for an ideal cone is

Free settling of sludge is 0.25 cm/min. Using an original height of 25 cm, the sludge settled to a height of 18 cm after the free settling period. The sludge was found to settle to a height of 10 cm after 110 min. This particular sludge was found to settle completely to a height of 4 cm. The time to settle to a height of 1/5 of its original height in a cylindrical tank whose diameter is 85% of its depth and 85% full and consider 1000 ft 3 of the sludge in the tank is approximately

In a mixture of quartz (sp.gr. = 2.85) and galena (sp.gr. = 7.5), the size of the particles range from 0.0002 cm to 0.001 cm. On separation in a hydraulic classifier using water under free settling conditions, what is the maximum size of quartz and minimum of galena in pure products? (Viscosity = 0.001 kg/m.s, density = 1000 kg/ m3)

Two spherical particles have the same outer diameter but are made of

different materials. The first one (with material density ρ1) is solid, whereas the second (with material density ρ 2) is a hollow sphere with the inner shell diameter equal to half the outer diameter. If both the spheres have the same

terminal velocity in any fluid, then the ratio of their material densities, ρ 1 / ρ2 , is