Reviewer in Comparative police system

Reviewer in Comparative Police System By MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim 4th Place, Criminologists Licensure Board Examinations October 1996, Manila

Q1 1. Following describe what globalization is, EXCEPT a. Breeds crimes that ran across borders requiring bilateral and international cooperation. b. Integrates into communality national economies, politics, cultures, and societies of different countries of the world. c. Transfers development quickly and conveniently from one country to another. d. Ushers in the age of isolationism among countries around the world to maintain national sovereignty. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q2 2. Globalization brings about mutation of crimes, the operation of which is not bounded by borders of any country. These crimes are categorized as a. b. c. d.

Transnational crimes Organized crimes International crimes Overseas crimes MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q3 3. Globalization brings about enormous effects to the law enforcement service worldwide calling for a. Augmenting current force with highly trained personnel b. Creating new police groups to fight crimes c. Designing new ways to fight crimes d. Restructuring of paradigms in fighting crimes

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Q4 4. Which of these statements is inconsistent with terrorism? a. Conducted by an organization with an identifiable chain of command. b. Designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate victim or target. c. Perpetrated by a subnational group or non-state entity. d. Received a person through the use of force, etc. for the purpose of exploiting them. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q5 5. Al Qaeda means literally as a. b. c. d.

Father of Swordsmen Islamic Congregation Party of God The Base

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Q6 6. The law that governs terrorism in the Philippines – Human Security Act of 2007. a. b. c. d.

Republic Act No. 9160 Republic Act No. 9165 Republic Act No. 9208 Republic Act No. 9372

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Q7 7. The sale and distribution of illegal drugs. This is the term being used in international scene because it is more comprehensive as it includes cultivation and manufacture. a. b. c. d.

Drug couriering Drug trafficking Illegal drug network Illegal drug trade MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q8 8. Prohibited in and around the Arabian Peninsula. It is also restricted in many countries, especially one of higher proof value. a. b. c. d.

Alcohol Cannabis Heroin Methamphetamine MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q9 9. The practice of engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, and/or destination of illegally gained money by which the proceeds of crime are converted into assets which appear to have a legitimate origin. a. b. c. d.

Graft and corruption Ill-gotten wealth Money laundering Plunder MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Q10 10. It is considered as “a crime against humanity” by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODOC). a. b. c. d.

Drug trafficking Human Trafficking Money Laundering Piracy

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Q11 11. Criminal activity done using computers and the Internet. a. b. c. d.

Cyber crime Hacking Phishing scams Computer fraud

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Q12 12. National Police Commission is to the Philippines, while National Public Safety Commission is to a. b. c. d.

Australia Japan Malaysia Singapore

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Q13 13. Indonesian police force is headed by a. b. c. d.

Commissioner Kapolri Polis Diraja Elliniki Astynomia

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Q14 14. It is the World's second and Asia's first police agency to operate with a modern policing system. a. b. c. d.

Hong Kong Police Force Japanese Police Royal Malaysia Police Royal Thai Police Force

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Q15 15. It is an organization facilitating cooperation of police among member countries. It is widely known by its telegraphic address – INTERPOL. a. b. c. d.

International Criminal Police Commission International Criminal Police Organization International Police Organization International Police Cooperation MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! On the contrary, globalization aims to make the world into one unit, sharing the same economies, politics, cultures, and societies. Thus, isolationism cannot be the necessary result of globalization.

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Corollary to the transfer of development is the mutation of crimes, the operation of which is not bounded by borders of any country. Thus, these mutated crimes, often called, transnational crimes are among the effects of globalization. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Globalization joins together countries of the world sharing their economies, politics, cultures, and societies.

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WRONG?? When countries are joined together as one, facility and ease of development transfer is its necessary result.

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CORRECT!! TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES – a.k.a. borderless crimes. These include: terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering & human smuggling.

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Memory Aid JUST THINK THAT Fire heats SPOON OF HEROIN, representing DRUG TRAFFICKING C

FIRE represents C C TERRORISM

MONEY (to pay fortodrugs) being MONEY being used buy people in washed BOTTLE. This represents HUMAN TRAFFICKING. represents MONEY LAUNDERING Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Organized crime is a nonideological enterprise involving a number of persons in close social interaction, organized on a hierarchical basis, with at least three levels/ranks, for the purpose of securing profit and power by engaging in illegal and legal activities.

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23

WRONG?? International crimes refer to crimes of international scope. This is not the term used to refer to crime not bounded by borders of any country.

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WRONG??

Term not in use. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! Simply stated, restructuring of paradigms means changing of the models or standards of police systems in fighting crimes – esp. crimes which are committed from one country to another. General Question = General Answer Before there will be any specific move to fighting transnational crimes, there must FIRST be CHANGING (general) in the way crimes are traditionally fought. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Systems to restructure: 1. Conventions on extradition; 2. Laws addressing transnational crimes; 3. Policies on international police cooperation; and 4. Trainings and logistics of the police.

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Memory Aid TILE: Systems to Restructure T I L E

-

Trainings of police International police cooperation Laws on transnational crimes Extradition laws

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Augmenting current force with highly trained personnel. This is part of possible specific actions of police to counter transnational crimes, BUT this will come only when entire model of police system in fighting crimes is changed. The question is general, requiring general answer also. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Creating new police groups to fight crimes. This is part of possible specific actions of police to counter transnational crimes, BUT this will come only when entire model of police system in fighting crimes has been changed.

The question is general, requiring general answer also. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Designing new ways to fight crimes. This is part of possible specific actions of police to counter transnational crimes, BUT this will come only when entire model of police system in fighting crimes has been changed.

The question is general, requiring general answer also. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! Received a person through the use of force, etc. for the purpose of exploiting them. This statement describes more of the activities of HUMAN TRAFFICKING than TERRORISM.

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Types of Terrorism Type Civil disorder Political terrorism Non-Political terrorism Quasi-terrorism

Description with functioning

Interferes of community. Generates with fear in the community. Creates fear for gain. Of similar effect with true terrorism but of different purpose.

Limited political terrorism Not motivated with the overthrow of the government. Official or state terrorism Terrorist acts committed by government. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Memory Aid JUST REMEMBER THIS SENTENCE: CD Po, No Question si LOlo. CD Po No Q-si L O

-

Civil Disorder Political Terrorism Non-Political Terrorism Quasi-Terrorism Limited Political Terrorism Official or State Terrorism Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Conducted by an organization with an identifiable chain of command. This is very much in line with terrorism. Terrorists do not operate individually but with a group with known hierarchy and leadership. Take for example the Al Qaeda organization.

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WRONG?? Designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate victim or target. Terrorists do not just cause attacks by random, they do it to produce maximum impact upon society in general.

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WRONG?? Perpetrated by a subnational group or non-state entity. Thus, we have groups such as Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyah, Al Qaeda, etc. who aim to impose their ideology to world.

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CORRECT!! 1. al-Qaeda – Literally means “the Base” 2. al-Qaida, al-Qa'ida – alternative spelling 3. Leaders: 1. Osama bin Laden KIA (May 2, 2011) (aged 54) Abbottābad, Pakistan, 2. Ayman al-Zawahiri

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Other Known Terrorist Groups Group Name Meaning Abu Sayyaf Abu (father); Sayyaf (Swordsmith) Jemaah Islamic Congregation Islamiyah Hezbollah Taliban

Party of God Students

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WRONG?? Abu Sayyaf – Father of Swordsmen 1. A.k.a. al-Harakat al-Islamiyya 2. Leaders: Abu Sabaya KIA, Khadaffy Janjalani KIA and Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani KIA

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WRONG?? Jemaah Islamiyah – Islamic Congregation

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WRONG?? Hezbollah – Party of God

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CORRECT!! Human Security Act of 2007 Salient Features: 1. Republic Act No. 9372 2. Approved March 6, 2007 3. Took effect July 15, 2007 4. Terror suspects may be arrested without warrant and temporarily detained without warrants.

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Memory Aid

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

To connect HSA of 2007 w/ RA 9372 REMEMBER THAT HSA is about terrorism; The word terrorism has 9 letters; 9 is the first number of RA 9372. 9 or terrorism is an act which has 3 letters; 3 is the 2nd number of RA 9372; and 7 & 2 of RA 9372, are the extreme numbers of 2007 in reverse order. Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? The Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) of 2001 Salient Features: 1. Republic Act No. 9160 2. Approved September 29, 2001 3. Amended by Republic Act 9194 4. Approved March 7, 2003 Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 Salient Features: 1. Republic Act No. 9165 2. Repealed Republic Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 3. Created Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under the Office of the President Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 Salient Features: 1. Republic Act No. 9208 2. Signed into law: May 26, 2003

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47

CORRECT!! In international scene, the term being used is illegal drug trade which has more or less the same meaning with drug trafficking. However, illegal drug trade is more comprehensive as it includes cultivation and manufacture.

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Statistics of Drug Trafficking • Generated a profit of approximately US$321.6 billion in 2005, • Produced world GDP amounting to US$36 trillion in the same year, and • Believed to be just less than 1% of total global commerce.

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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 • Republic Act No. 9165

• Repealed Republic Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 • Created Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under the Office of the President – Serves as Implementing Arm of Dangerous Drugs Board – Enforces provisions relative to dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Memory Aid Connecting RA 9165 with Drugs 1. Think of Drugs as Dangerous. a. The word dangerous has 9 letters.

2. Think of this sentence:

A 9-yr old boy is 1 of 6 caught using drugs, but the 5 escaped. Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? TERM NOT BEING USED FOR SALE & DISTRIBUTION OF ILLEGAL DRUGS. There is, however, a drug courier or mule which has reference to a person who transports drug into and out of an international plane.

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WRONG?? Drug trafficking is the commonly used term in the Philippines to refer to the sale and distribution of illegal drugs. But this is not the preferred term in the international scene because it does not include cultivation and manufacture.

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53

WRONG?? Illegal drug network by implication would mean interconnected activities. This is actually true of illegal drugs. Thus, we have Golden Triangle (Burma, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) and Golden Crescent (Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan). However, the term is not in use.

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CORRECT!! Alcohol. Although prohibited in Arabian peninsula, it is considered legal in most parts of the world. Thus, it is considered as a legal drug.

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Trade of Specific Drugs 1. CANNABIS – Prescription drug in some U.S. States and in Canada. – Legal in Netherlands.

2. TOBACCO – Legally sold to adults in most countries of the world. – Traded illegally in some countries to evade heavy taxes imposed. – Declared illegal in the Kingdom of Bhutan in December 2004 MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Trade of Specific Drugs 3. HEROIN – Smuggled into the US and Europe via the Golden Triangle and Afghanistan. – Priced 8 to 10 times higher than cocaine in American streets.

4. METHAMPHETAMINE – Commonly known by its street name as "crystal meth", "meth", and "ice". – Can be manufactured in clandestine laboratory. Thus, easy to produce Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Cannabis While considered illegal in most countries throughout the world, it is classified as prescription drug in some US states and in Canada. It is also legal in the Netherlands.

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WRONG?? Heroin – Smuggled into the US and Europe via the Golden Triangle (Burma, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) and Afghanistan. – Priced 8 to 10 times higher than cocaine in American streets. – Smuggled easily because of its small size.

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WRONG?? Methamphetamine – Commonly known by its street name as "crystal meth", "meth", and "ice". – Can be manufactured in clandestine laboratory. Thus, easy to produce.

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CORRECT!! Accordingly, there are three steps involved in money laundering : 1. physical distribution of the cash (“placement”), 2. carrying out complex financial transactions in order to camouflage the illegal source (“layering”), and 3. acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds (“integration”) MEMORY AID: L-I-P MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Software – Computer program • analyzes customer data and • detects suspicious transactions – This software detects abnormalities such as • sudden and substantial increase in funds or • a large withdrawal.”

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AMLA • RA 9160 (09/29/2001), • Amended by RA 9194 (03/07/2003) Memory Aid Just remember that money is used to buy drugs. Money is to AMLA (RA 9160), while Drugs is to Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act (RA 9165). A difference of 5 – showing that money comes before drugs. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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AMLA • Salient Points: 1. Under AMLA: Single Transaction in a day – 500k 2. Reporting suspicious transactions regardless of amount 3. AMLC has right: 1. w/ court order to examine investment and 2. to examine investment of those involved in unlawful activities

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AMLA • Salient Points: 4. BSP being given right to examine with any investment 5. Right to freeze money property: From AMLC – Court of Appeals

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Graft and Corruption • Charges against government officials who used public funds for personal gain. • Corruption – “impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle." (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) • Graft - use of public stature to gain illegal benefit. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Ill-gotten wealth – asset, property, business enterprise or material possession acquired thru dummies, nominees, agents, subordinates and/or business associates by any combination or series acts.

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67

WRONG?? Plunder is committed by any public officer who, with or without connivance, amasses, accumulates or acquires ill-gotten wealth in the aggregate amount or total value of at 50M.

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CORRECT!! Human Trafficking

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Act Means Recruiting Force Transporting Coercion Transferring other means Harboring Receiving MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

Purpose

Exploitation

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Worldwide Map on TVPA Compliance The United States Department of State released its findings in 2010 regarding human trafficking. The report includes map indicating whether or not a country has a Trafficking Victims Protection Act.

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Worldwide Map on TVPA Compliance

Green Color – Complied; Yellow Color – Significant effort to comply; Orange Color – Watch list: Not fully complied with minimum requirements ; Red Color – No effort to comply; Gray Color – No data/special

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UNODC's Response to Human Trafficking MA De C

A D E

RESPONSE Developing local capacity and expertise Creating comprehensive national anti-trafficking strategies Assisting with resources to implement them Drafting laws Enhancing practical tools to encourage crossborder cooperation in investigations and prosecutions

Memory Aid (MA): De-C-A-D-E MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Palermo Protocols • Adopted by the United Nations in Palermo, Italy in 2000. • Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air

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Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 • Republic Act No. 9208 • Signed into law: July 22, 2002 Memory Aid

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Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 • Acts PUNISHED: – the commission of trafficking in persons; – acts that promote trafficking in persons, EX. as leasing or allowing the use of property for the purpose of trafficking; and – Buying or engaging the services of trafficked persons for prostitution or forced labour.

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? While drug trafficking may be one of the biggest problems that beset the world today, it is not what UNODOC considered as a “crime against humanity.” After all, it has not touched the very core or essence of humanity.

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WRONG?? Money laundering may have affected citizens of a country as it drains the national treasury, thereby increasing the sufferings of the people. But it does not touch the core or essence of humanity as to cause outrage to the people.

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WRONG?? In law, especially in the RPC, piracy is considered as a crime against humanis generis or mankind. This also touches the essence of humanity as to bring shock to the people. The very effect of its being labelled as crime against mankind is that it is triable in any jurisdiction.

However, it is NOT what UNODOC considered as crime against humanity. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! Cyber Crime a.k.a Computer Crime This includes: 1. downloading illegal music files 2. stealing millions of dollars from online bank accounts 3. creating and distributing viruses 4. posting confidential business information on the Internet MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Targets Computer Networks or Devices 1. Computer viruses – program that copies itself and infects a computer 2. Denial-of-service attacks – making service unavailable to users 3. Malware (malicious code) – malicious software: 1. interferes functioning & 2. sends data of user over the internet

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Targets Outside Computer Networks & Devices 1. Cyberstalking – a technologically-based attack on person because of anger, revenge or control. 2. Computer Fraud – altering data or gaining unlawful use of computer or services. 3. Identity Theft – using of another’s personal information to commit fraud or other crimes.

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Targets Outside Computer Networks & Devices 4. Information Warfare – attacks on information and systems 5. Phishing Scams – sending of e-mail with a claim to being part of a legitimate business to scam the recipient into divulging personal information for identity theft.

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Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 1. Republic Act No. 8792 2. Approved June 14, 2000 Memory Aid

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Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 1. Republic Act No. 9995 2. Approved February 15, 2010 Memory Aid

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

84

WRONG?? Hacking – breaking into computer systems.

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WRONG?? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Phishing Scams sending of e-mail claiming to be part of legitimate business scamming recipient to give private information using information for identity theft

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WRONG?? Computer Fraud The use of a computer: 1. to take or alter data, or 2. to gain unlawful use of computers or services.

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CORRECT!! Organizational Chart of Japan Police System

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Police of Philippines & Japan Philippines

Japan

NAPOLCOM

NPSC

NAPOLCOM Chairman – DILG Secretary

NPSC Chairman – Minister of State

Philippine National Police

National Police Agency & Prefectural Police

PNP – PDG PDDG PoliceDirector (Directorial Staff)

NPA – Commissioner General Deputy Commissioner General Commissioner General’s Secretariat

PNP – Reg’l Dir (Police Chief Supt), Regional Police Office

NPA – Dir Gen, Regional Police Bureau

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Police of Philippines & Japan Philippines

Japan

DILG – PPSC PPSC – School

Regional

NPA – National Police Academy Training

NPA – Regional Police School

PNP – Prov’l Dir (Police Sr Supt) Provincial Police Office

Chief, Prefectural Headquarters

Police

PNP – City/Mun Dir (Police Chief Supt) City/Mun Police Office

Station Chief, Police Station – District of PPH

Substation (depending on the availability)

Police Boxes – Kobans: 3-5 officers; Chuzaisho: 1 officer

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Philippines PNP – DILG PDG PDDG PDir PCSupt PSSupt

Australia Australian Federal Police – Home Affairs Ministry Commissioner of Police Deputy Commissioner of Police Assistant Commissioner of Police Commander Superintendent Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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WRONG?? Philippines

PNP – DILG Dir Gen PDDG PDir PCSupt PSSupt PSupt

Malaysia

Royal Malaysia Police (Polis Diraja Malaysia) – Ministry of Home Affairs Inspector General of Police (IGP) Deputy IGP Commissioner of Police (CP) Deputy CP Superintendent of Police (SP) Deputy SP MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Philippines

PCI PSI PI SPO4 SPO3 SPO2 SPO1

Malaysia

Assistant SP Chief Inspector Inspector Probationary Inspector Sub-Inspector Sergeant Major Sergeant MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Philippines

PO3 Lance Corporal Constable

Malaysia

Corporal PO2 PO1

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WRONG?? Philippines

PNP – DILG PDG

PDDG PDir PCSupt PSSupt PSupt

Singapore

Singapore Police Force (Pasukan Polis Singapura) – Ministry of Home Affairs Commissioner of Police Deputy Commissioner of Police Senior Assistant Commissioner Assistant Commissioner Deputy Assistant Commissioner Superintendent

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Philippines PCI PSI

Singapore Deputy Superintendent Assistant Superintendent

PI SPO4 SPO3

Inspector Station Inspector Senior Staff Sergeant

SPO2 SPO1 PO3 PO2 PO1

Staff Sergeant Sergeant Corporal Special Constable Constable Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! KAPOLRI: The Chief of Police Police in Indonesia is known as Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) or the Indonesian National Police (INP).

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Philippines

Indonesia

PNP – DILG

INP – Office of the President

PDG

Police General / Jenderal Polisi (Jend. Pol.)

PDDG

Police Commissioner General / Komisaris Jenderal Polisi (Komjen Pol.)

PDir

Police Inspector General / Inspektur Jenderal Polisi (Irjen Pol.)

PCSupt

Police Brigadier General / Brigadir Jenderal Polisi (Brigjen Pol.)

PSSupt

Police Grand Commissioner / Komisaris Besar Polisi (Kombespol)

PSupt

Police Grand Commissioner Adjutant / Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (AKBP)

PCI

Police Commissioner / Komisaris Polisi (Kompol)

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Philippines

Indonesia

PSI

Police Commissioner Adjutant / Ajun Komisaris Polisi (AKP)

PI

First Police Inspector / Inspektur Polisi Satu (Iptu)

SPO4

Chief Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Kepala (Bripka)

SPO3

Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi (Brigadir)

SPO2

First Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Satu (Briptu)

SPO1

Second Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Dua (Bripda)

PO3

Second Police Brigadier Adjutant / Ajun Brigadir Polisi Dua (Abripda)

PO2

First Bhayangkara / Bhayangkara Satu (Bharatu)

PO1

Second Bhayangkara / Bhayangkara Dua (Bharada

Next Question MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

99

WRONG?? Commissioner – a European police style rank. During the 1960s, Indonesian National Police (INP) ranking was patterned after the military. The system was reverted to the European (British) style in 2000.

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100

WRONG?? Polis Diraja – the Malaysia.

name of police force in

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101

WRONG?? Elliniki Astynomia – A.k.a. the Hellenic Police, the national police force of Greece.

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Philippines PNP -DILG PDG PDDG

Greece Hellenic Police – Ministry of Citizen Protection Chief of Police Deputy Chief of Police

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CORRECT!! Hong Kong Police Force - the World's second and Asia's first police agency to operate with a modern policing system. - Second largest citizen-police officer ration in the world. - Marine Police has the largest fleet (71 launches & 72 craft) of any civil police force. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Philippines PNP – DILG PDG PDDG PDir PCSupt PSSupt PSupt PCI PSI PI

Hong Kong HKPF – Security Bureau Commissioner of Police (CP) Deputy CP Senior Assistant CP Assistant Commissioner Chief Superintendent of Police (SP) Senior SP SP Chief Inspector of Police Inspector of Police

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Philippines & Rest of the World Philippines PNP - DILG PDG

Republic of China National Police Agency – Ministry of Interior Director General of NPA

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Philippines & Rest of the World Philippines PNP - DILG

PDG PDDG

Myanmar The Myanmar Police Force – State Peace & Development Council DG – Police Maj Gen DDG – Police Brig Gen

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in Germany • Bundespolizei: Border or Federal Police; • Bundeskriminalamt: Federal Criminal Police Office; represents Germany in Interpol •Landespolizei: State Police

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Philippines & Rest of the World Philippines PNP – DILG

Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Gendarmerie royale du Canada; the Mounties; the Force) – Minister of Public Safety Canada

PDG PDDG

Commissioner Senior Deputy Commissioner

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Philippines & Rest of the World French Police • Two Police Forces – National Police (police nationale), formerly the Sûreté Nationale; – Military Gendarmerie: smaller towns, rural & border areas;

• Headed by a Director General

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Philippines & Rest of the World • • • •

Law Enforcement in UK Organized separately: England & Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland; All police officers are “constables” regardless of rank; Headed by a commissioner; No height requirement for recruits;

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Philippines & Rest of the World • • • •

Law Enforcement in UK (Types) Territotrial police forces – cover a police area; Special police forces – national police forces; Non-police LEAs – not police constables but enforce the laws; and Miscellaneous police forces – police specific local areas or activities.

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 1. Federal: under DOJ • • • •

FBI Police Drug Enforcement Administration Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives United States Marshals Service

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 1. Federal: Department of Homeland Security • • • • • •

U.S. Customs and Border Protection U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement United States Pentagon Police United States Secret Service (USSS) United States Coast Guard (USCG), and Transportation Security Administration (TSA) MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Philippines & Rest of the World Authority of Federal Police • Federal crimes • Non-federal crime and fugitive goes out of state

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 2. State: (1) Department of Public Safety • State Police • State Patrol • Highway Patrol

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 2. State: (2) Attorney General’s Office • State Bureaus of Investigation

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 2. State: (3) State Governments • Capitol Police • State Hospitals • Departments of Correction • Water Police

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Philippines & Rest of the World Law Enforcement in U.S. • Types of Police 3. County: A.k.a. Parishes, Boroughs • •

County Police Sheriff’s Department/Offices 4. Municipal: Most municipal agencies take the form (Municipality Name) Police Department 5. Other: Special District Police

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WRONG??

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WRONG??

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WRONG?? Philippines

Thailand

PNP – DILG

Royal Thai Police (Thailand National Police Department) – Ministry of Interior

PDG

Director General of Police (Police General)

PDDG

Deputy Director General

PDir

Assistant Director General (Police Major General)

General

(Police

Lt.

NOTE: Other ranks except the lowest (constable) corresponded to those of the army. Back MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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CORRECT!! • • • •

International Criminal Police Organization Interpol Established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 188 member countries Two-Fold Role: – Cross-border police cooperation – Support and assistance to all organizations MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Organizational Set-up of Interpol • General Assembly: policy making body • Executive Committee: 13 members: president, 3 VPs, & 9 delegates • General Secretariat: @ Lyons, France; run by sec gen

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Organizational Set-up of Interpol • National Central Bureaus: @ member countries; contact point of sec gen. • Advisers: experts • Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files: independent body re managing files of Interpol.

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Interpol’s Four Core Functions • Secure global police communication services – a.k.a, I24/7. It serves police of member countries via secure communication. • Operational data services and databases for police provides access to members on different databases • Operational police support services – a 24/7 operation of Command and Coordination Center, providing support law enforcement officials in the field. • Police training and development – equipping member countries in fighting transnational crimes.

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Role of Interpol in TNC • On Drug Control – source of professional & technical advice on narcotic matters. • On Children & Human Trafficking – mutual assistance among all criminal police authorities. • On Cyber Crime – harness members thru working party or group of experts. • On Terrorism – coordinate & enhance cooperation in combating terrorism. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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Criminal Intelligence Analysis • A.k.a. Crime analysis • ID of relationship between crime & data for police & judicial practice. • Purpose: – To deal with uncertainty – To provide warning of threats – To support in analyzing crime

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Criminal Intelligence Analysis • Divisions: – Operational Analysis: Relating to routine operation law enforcement. – Strategic Analysis: For higher authority & for long term realization.

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Bilateral and International Cooperation of Transnational Crime

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UN Convention Against Transnational Crime • multilateral treaty against transnational organized crime, adopted in 2000. • A.k.a. Palermo Convention • Two Protocols: – Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children; and – Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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ASEANAPOL • Stands for Association of Southeast Asian National Police: Vietnam Thailand Singapore Philippines Myanmar

Malaysia Indonesia Laos Cambodia Brunei

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Role of ASEANAPOL • It deals with the preventive, enforcement and operational aspects of cooperation against transnational crime. • It has been actively involved in sharing of knowledge and expertise on policing, enforcement, law, criminal justice, and transnational and international crimes.

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PNP Agreements with ASEAN Police Organizations • Information Sharing – Multilateral: • Information exchange and international cooperation thru ASEANAPOL) and INTERPOL National Central Bureau MANILA INITIATIVES. • Entry into a multi-lateral agreement with Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia and Malaysia), "Agreement on Information Exchange and Establishment of Communication Procedures" pertaining to transnational crimes. (National Report, 2006)

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PNP Agreements with ASEAN Police Organizations • Information Sharing – Bilateral: • MOU with the Government of Indonesia to address the problem of SALW, including cooperation in exchanging information, participating in investigations and special investigative techniques, preventing illicit trade of SALW, ammunition, explosives, and explosives ingredients, facilitating the exchange of visits of official and experts from agencies and relevant organizations, improving transparency in production, stockpiling and transfer of SALW, ammunition, explosives, and explosives ingredients. (National Report, 2006) MELCON S. LAPINA, MSCrim

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UN Peacekeeping Mission • UN member-states commit to contribute specified military units and personnel to perform specific functions in various UN peacekeeping missions.

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UN Peacekeeping Mission • The Philippine government and the Filipino people are committed to the agreement we forged with the United Nations to support peacekeeping missions through the rapid deployment of police and military personnel to conflict-ridden parts of the world.

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UN Peacekeeping Mission • The Philippines is currently ranked the 24th most generous troop-contributing UN member-State, with almost a thousand soldiers and civilian police stationed as UN peacekeepers across the world.

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WRONG?? International Criminal Police Commission – Old name of Interpol when established in 1923. It was changed to International Criminal Police Organization in 1956.

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WRONG?? The most obvious of all the choices. NOTHING IS WHAT IT SEEMS.

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WRONG??

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