Resume Chapter 6

 

Ofmwf Fiaeaf Putra 8061406;6 Cdfptkr 5 Aotkrkst Xftks fob Hlob Ufiuftalo Aotkrkst Xftks fob Xkquarkb Xkturos Aotkrkst Xftk Euobfjkotfis

Raognftt huogf Raognf huogf ftfu ftfu pkogkj pkogkjhfi hfiafo afo yfog yfog bapkriu bapkriunfo nfo jkwfna jkwfnaia ia hafyf hafyf ufog. ufog. Aotkrkst Xftk Hafsfoyf batkrfpnfo pfbf aostrujko dutfog skpkrta paomfjfo hfon ftfu lhiagfsa, nljpkosfsa yf yfog og bahf bahfyf yfrn rnfo fo likd likd pk pkja jaom omfj fj bf bfof of nk nkpf pfbf bf pk pkjh jhkra kra pa paom omfj fjfo fo bf bfra ra subu subutt pf pfob obfo fog g  pkjaomfj, hafyf paomfjfo bfof. Xkquarkb Xkturos Hafsfoyf batkrfpnfo pfbf aostrujko knuatfs skpkrta sfdfj hafsf, hafyf Xkquarkb bfof bapkrlikd bapkrlikd bkogfo jkomufi jkomufi dfn jaian. jaian. Aoeifotalo Rrko nkofanfo dfrgf skhfgafo hksfr   hfrfog bfo mfsf. Iaquabaty Prkekrkock Nkckobkruogfo ujuj hfga aovkstlr uotun jkjaiad sknuratfs mfognf pkobkn (yfog ikhad ianuab).

Rdk Xkfi Xftk le Aotkrkst Raognft yfog jkocaptfnfo nkskajhfogfo fotfrf pkofwfrfo tfhuogfo bfo pkrjaotffo bfof aovkstfsa ba buoaf yfog skjpurof, skjpurof, tfopf aoeifsa, aoeifsa, ba jfof pkjfsln bfo pkjaotf bfof tabfn jkjaiana prkekrkosa ianuabatfs bfo tabfn fbf rasanl.  Oljaofi lr Fctufi Xftk le Aotkrkst (Xkturo) Raognft huogf fntufi yfog bahkhfonfo likd pkjfsln bfof bfo bahfyfr likd pkjldlo. Pkogkjhfiaf Pkogk jhfiafo o tfjhfdfo tfjhfdfo yfog bahutudnf bahutudnfo o aovkstlr aovkstlr uotun uotun jkognljp jkognljpkosfsan kosfsanfooyf fooyf ftfs rasanl jkofogguog baskhut prkja rasanl (XP). Likd nfrkof atu, taognft huogf oljaofi uotun sknuratfs 6, r6, bahkranfo likd

Skpkrta yfog batuomunnfo likd tfobf nuruog dlrazlotfi ba hfwfd pkrsfjffo, tfrae  oljaofi, r6, bfpft bapfobfog jkjaiana buf nljploko bfsfr= taognft pkogkjhfiafo  hkhfs rasanl, XE, bfo prkja rasanl, XP6=

[otun sfft aoa, fhfanfo prkja rasanl, XP6, bfo elnusifd skcfrf knsniusae pfbf tfrae   hkhfs rasanl. Pkrsfjffo 5.6 jkogftfnfo hfdwf taognft hkhfs rasanl bfpft barkprkskotfsanfo skhfgfa

Bkeiftalo Rrko ujuj pkouruofo dfrgf. Rkrj Structurk le Aotkrkst Xftks

 

Rkrj struc Rkrj structur turkk le aotkrk aotkrkst st rftks rftks  Duhu Duhuog ogfo fo fo fotf tfrf rf mftud mftud tkjpl tkjpl bf bfo o taog taognf nftt  pkogkjhfiafo lhiagfsa bkogfo taognft rasanl yfog sfjf. Qakib Curvk Pkoggfjhfrfo grfeas bfra struntur astaifd sunu huogf. Qakib Curvks Dfsai lhiagfsa Qakib Rl Jfturaty (QRJ) jkwfnaia taognft pkogkjhfiafo tfduofo gfhuogfo yfog yfo g bapkrl bapkrlikd ikd aovkstl aovkstlrr bfra bfra lhiagf lhiagfsa, sa, bkogfo bkogfo fsujsa fsujsa hfdwf hfdwf lhiagf lhiagfsa sa jkifnu jkifnunfo nfo skjuf skjuf  pkjhfyfrfo yfog bamfomanfo bfo aovkstlr jkjkgfog jkjkgfog lhiagfsa daoggf mftud tkjpl. Aovkrtkb Qakib Curvk, Nurvf ajhfi dfsai yfog jaraog nk hfwfd jkouomunnfo hfdwf sunu sun u huogf huogf mfognf mfognf pkobkn pkobkn ujujoy ujujoyff ikhad ikhad taogga taogga bfrapf bfrapfbf bf sunu sunu huogf huogf mfognf mfognf  pfomfog. Olrjfi Qakib Curvk, Nurvf ajhfi dfsai yfog jaraog nk ftfs jkouomunnfo hfdwf sunu sun u huogf huogf mfogn mfognff pfomfo pfomfog g ujujoy ujujoyff ikhad ikhad taogg taoggaa bfrapf bfrapfbf bf sunu sunu huogf huogf mfognf mfognf  pkobkn. Eift Qakib Curvk,  Nurvf ajhfi dfsai yfog jkouomunnfo hfdwf sunu huogf tabfn   hfoyfn hkruhfd pfbf sfft mftud tkjpl yfog hkrhkbf. Rdklraks le Rkrj Structurk Ragf tklra skraog banutap uotun jkomkifsnfo hkotun ujuj nurvf dfsai= Kxpkctftalo Rdklry Rklra hfdwf nurvf ajhfi dfsai jkockrjaonfo knspkntfsa aovkstlr tkotfog sunu huogf ba jfsf bkpfo, knspkntfsa nkofanfo sunu huogf jkogdfsainfo nurvf ajhfi dfsai yfog jaraog nk ftfs, bfo knspkntfsa sunu huogf yfog jkouruo jkogdfsainfo nurvf ajhfi dfsai yfog jaraog nk hfwfd. Iaquabaty Prkekrkock Rdklry Rklra yfog jkoyftfnfo hfdwf sunu huogf mfognf pfomfog ujujoyf ikhad taogga bfrapfbf sunu huogf mfognf pkobkn (likd nfrkof atu, nurvf ajhfi dfsai jaraog nk ftfs) nfrkof aovkstlr jkogfoggfp aovkstfsa mfognf pkobkn ikhad ianuab bfo nurfog hkrasanl bahfobaog bahfo baognfo nfo aovkstfsa aovkstfsa mfognf mfognf pfomfog. pfomfog. Pkjaomfj Pkjaomfj dfrus jkofwfrnfo sunu huogf huogf yfog ikhad taogga pfbf lhiagfsa mfognf pfomfog uotun jkofran aovkstlr jkomfud bfra

sknuratfs mfognf pkobkn paiadfo jkrknf. Jfrnkt Skgjkotftalo Rdklry Rklra yfog jkoyftfnfo hfdwf pfsfr paomfjfo tkrskgjkotfsa hkrbfsfrnfo mftud tkjpl bfo hfdwf pkofwfrfo bfo pkrjaotffo paomfjfo bfifj sktafp skgjko jkokotunfo taognft sunu huogf yfog hkrifnu, nkjaraogfo nurvf dfsai batkotunfo likd duhuogfo ujuj fotfrf taognft yfog hkrifnu ba sktafp pfsfr skgjko. Xasn Prkjaujs = Assukr fob Assuk Cdfrfctkrastac Skmfud aoa, nfja dfoyf jkjpkrtajhfognfo sknuratfs Bkpfrtkjko Nkufogfo FS yfog hkhfs rasanl. Nfja sknfrfog jkjpkrnkofinfo nkjhfia prkja rasanl bfo jkoaifa prkja tkrskhut  hkrbfsfrnfo jfsfifd olo-Rrkfsury yfog hkrasanl. Pfoggai Pfoggai uifog Pkrsfjffo 5.6=

 

Ikgfi Fspkcts le Clrplrftk Hlobs Pkogft Pko gfturf urfo o dunuj dunuj tkrtko tkrtkotu tu bapkri bapkriunf unfo o uotun uotun jkiaob jkiaobuo uoga ga pkjhki pkjhkiaa lhiagf lhiagfsa. sa. Pkjkgf Pkjkgfog og lhiagf lhi agfsa sa baiaob baiaobuog uogaa tkrutfj tkrutfjff jkifiu jkifiuaa pkrmfo pkrmfomaf mafo o bfo wfia wfia fjfoft fjfoft.. Clup Cluplo lo Aotkrkst Aotkrkst Xftk Pkrskotfsk oaifa oljaofi lhiagfsa yfog fnfo bahfyfrnfo sktafp tfduo, hafsfoyf bfifj buf  pkjhfyfrfo sktkogfd tfduofo yfog sfjf, skhfgfa huogf. huogf. Hlob Aobkoturk, Blnujko dunuj yfog jkomkifsnfo dfn-dfn pkjkgfog lhiagfsa bfo nkwfmahfo pkrusfdffo pkokrhat. Stfobfrb Stfo bfrb Bkht Prlvasalo Prlvasalo,, Nktkotufo bfifj pkrmfomafo lhiagfsa yfog jkoktfpnfo  pkocftftfo tkrtkotu bfo prfntan hasoas ujuj yfog dfrus baanuta likd pkokrhat lhiagfsa  hafsfoyf, tabfn jkjhkhfoa hasoas yfog skdft skcfrf eaofosafi. Xkstr Xks tract actavk avk Clvkof Clvkofot ots, s, Nktkot Nktkotufo ufo bfifj pkrmfomafo lhiagfsa lhiagfsa yfog jkokjpftnfo jkokjpftnfo lpkrfsa bfo nkobfif nkufogfo pfbf pkjaomfj. Bfifj fj pkrmfo pkrmfomaf mafo o lhiagf lhiagfsa, sa, nktkot nktkotufo ufo hfdwf hfdwf nrkbat nrkbatlr lr hkranu hkranutoy toyff Suhlrb Suh lrbaof aoftal talo, o, Bfi sktumu uotun jkouoggu sfjpfa skjuf nifaj dutfog skoalr bapkouda. Pkoyas yasadf adfo o yfog yfog jkjhft jkjhftfsa fsa skraog skraog nfia nfia baskrtf baskrtfnfo nfo Saogna Sao gnao o Euob Euob Xkqua Xkquark rkjko jkot, t, Pko bfifj bfi fj pkrmfo pkrmfomafo mafo lhiagf lhiagfsa, sa, yfog yfog jkogft jkogftur ur tkotfo tkotfog g pkogdk pkogdkota otafo fo lhiagf lhiagfsa sa skcfrf skcfrf sastkjftas skhkiuj mftud tkjpl. Bkpfrtkjko jko nkpkrcf nkpkrcfyff yffo o aobava aobavabu, bu, pkrusfd pkrusfdffo ffo,, ftfu ftfu hfon hfon nljkrsa nljkrsafi fi Rrustkk,   Bkpfrtk  hkrhfyfr yfog hkrtaobfn skhfgfa padfn nktagf bfifj pkrmfomafo lhiagfsa bfo bfpft jkogfjhai taobfnfo tkrtkotu ftfs ofjf pkjkgfog lhiagfsa manf pkrsyfrftfo pkrmfomafo baifoggfr. Clst le Hlobs tl tdk Assukr Bfjpfn Mftud Rkjpl Lhiagfsa. Bfjpfn [nurfo Pkofwfrfo. Bfjpfn tkrdfbfp Xasanl Kjatko. Bfjpfn Hafyf [fog. Gkokrfi Ekfturks le f Hlob Assuk Clovkrsalo Ekfturk, Eatur lhiagfsa nlovkrsa yfog jkjuognaonfo pkjkgfog lhiagfsa jkoguhfd sktafp lhiagfsa jkomfba skmujifd sfdfj hafsf. Cfii Ekfturk, Eatur yfog tkrjfsun bfifj dfjpar skjuf pkokrhatfo lhiagfsa nlrplrfsa yfog jkjhkranfo nkskjpftfo nkpfbf pkokrhat uotun jkjhkia nkjhfia lhiagfsa pfbf dfrgf pfoggaifo yfog batkotunfo skhkiuj mftud tkjpl. Cfii Prack,  Dfrgf yfog baoyftfnfo ba jfof lhiagfsa bfpft bahkia nkjhfia, bkogfo jkogguofnfo eatur pfoggaifo, skhkiuj mftud tkjpl. Cfii Prkjauj, Mujifd dfrgf hkia lhiagfsa jkikhada oaifa pfraoyf. Stlcn Purcdfsk Wfrrfot, Aostrujko yfog jkjhkranfo dfn nkpfbf pkjkgfogoyf uotun jkjhkia skmujifd sfdfj hafsf jaian pkokrhat bkogfo dfrgf tkrtkotu skifjf

 pkralbk wfntu tkrtkotu.

 

Hlobs Qakib Currkot Qakib, [nurfo pkogkjhfiafo tuofa lhiagfsa uotun tfduo tkrskhut> badatuog bkogfo jkjhfga pkjhfyfrfo huogf tfduofo lhiagfsa bkogfo dfrgf sfft aoa. Hlobs Pracks Nfrkof skhfgafo hksfr lhiagfsa lhiagfsa nlrplrfsa nlrplrfsa bahkia bfo bapkgfog likd aovkstlr aovkstlr aostatusa, skpkrta  hfon, pkrusfdffo fsurfosa, bfo rknsf bfof, bfrapfbf aovkstlr aobavabu, pkrbfgfogfo lhiagfsa bfo bftf dfrgf tabfn tkrskbaf uotun aobavabu. Hlobs Xfonaog Fgkosa aobkpkobko skpkrta Jllby's, Eatcd, bfo Stfobfrb & Pllr's jkoaifa rasanl jfsfifd lhiagfsa yfog bapkrbfgfognfo skcfrf puhian. Ikjhfgf-ikjhfgf aoa jkjpkrlikd pkoaifafooyf bkogfo bko gfo jkogg jkogguof uofnfo nfo rfsal rfsal nkufog nkufogfo fo bfo fofiasa fofiasass frus frus nfs uotun uotun jkoaif jkoaifaa nkjuo nkjuogna gnaofo ofo  pkjhfyfrfo huogf bfo plnln plnln lhiagfsa. Aotkroftalofi Hlob Assuk Kurlhlob, Skhufd lhiagfsa yfog batkrhatnfo likd pkjaomfj aotkrofsalofi bfo bamufi nkpfbf aovkstlr ba okgfrf-okgfrf bkogfo jftf ufog skifao jftf ufog yfog baguofnfo uotun lhiagfsa tkrskhut. Elrkago Hlob, Lhiagfsa yfog batkrhatnfo likd pkrusfdffo ftfu pkjkraotfd fsaog bfo babkoljaofsanfo bfifj jftf ufog fsfi aovkstlr bfo bamufi ba pfsfr bfifj okgkra aovkstlr. Ufiuftalo Euobfjkotfis Ufiuftalo fbfifd prlsks yfog jkogduhuognfo rasanl bfo ifhf uotun jkokotunfo oaifa suftu fskt. Nky Aoputs Fbf tagf jfsunfo utfjf uotun prlsks pkoaifafo= (6) frus nfs (pkogkjhfiafo), (8) wfntu, bfo (3) un unurf urfo o rasanl rasanl,, yfog yfog jkokot jkokotunf unfo o pkogkj pkogkjhfi hfiafo afo yfog yfog bahutu bahutudnf dnfo. o. Jfsaog Jfsaog-jf -jfsao saog g bamkifsnfo ba hfwfd aoa. Hfsac Ufiuftalo Jlbki Skbk Skbkrd rdfo fofo foyf yf,, oaif oaifaa fs fskt kt fbfi fbfifd fd oaif oaifaa sknfr sknfrfo fog g bf bfra ra skjuf skjuf fr frus us nf nfss jfsf jfsf bk bkpf pfo o yf yfog og

badfrfpnfo tkrskbaf skifjf pkralbk wfntu yfog rkikvfo.

Bajfof U0 : oaifa fskt pfbf wfntu oli. CEt : frus nfs yfog badfrfpnfo pfbf fndar tfduo t. r : pkogkjhfiafo yfog bapkriunfo (taognft basnlotl). o : pkralbk wfntu yfog rkikvfo. Hlobs Ufiuftalo Pkrsfj Pkr sfjffo ffo pkoaif pkoaifafo afo bfsfr bfsfr bfpft bfpft basksu basksufan fanfo fo uotun uotun baguof baguofnfo nfo bfifj bfifj jkoaif jkoaifaa sknura sknuratfs tfs

tkrtkotu= lhiagfsa, sfdfj hafsf, bfo sfdfj prkekrko.

 

Hfsac Hlob Ufiuftalo

 Oaifa lhiagfsa fbfifd oaifa sknfrfog bfra pkjhfyfrfo yfog bawfmahnfo likd pkokrhatoyf, bfra wfntu sfft aoa sfjpfa mftud tkjpl. Jlbki bfsfr uotun oaifa, H0, bfra suftu anftfo bahkranfo likd

Bajfof H0 : oaifa lhiagfsa pfbf wfntu oli. A : huogf tfduofo bahfyfrnfo bfifj blifr. o : mujifd tfduo daoggf mftud tkjpl. J : oaifa pfr bfifj blifr. rb : pkogkjhfiafo yfog bahutudnfo ftfs lhiagfsa.

Hlob Ufiuk Hkdfvalr

Xkquarkb Xkturos fob Hlob Ufiuks Pkogkjhfiafo yfog bahutudnfo nkjuognaofo hksfr hkrhkbf bfra taognft huogf nuplo nfrkof (6) nlobasa knlolja tkifd hkruhfd skmfn lhiagfsa batkrhatnfo, jkoykhfhnfo  pkrgkskrfo hafyf bfof ftfu (8) rasanl pkrusfdffo tkifd hkruhfd. Bascluot, Mujifd pkomufifo lhiagfsa ba hfwfd oaifa pfraoyf. Prkjauj, Mujifd pkomufifo lhiagfsa ba ftfs oaifa pfraoyf.

Rajk tl Jfturaty fob Hlob Ufiuks Sktafp nfia pkogkjhfiafo yfog bajaotf hkrhkbf bfra taognft huogf nuplo, mujifd wfntu wfn tu daoggf daoggf mftud mftud tkjpl tkjpl jkjkog jkjkogfru fruda da oaifa oaifa lhiagf lhiagfsa. sa. Efntlr Efntlr tfjhfd tfjhfdfo fo fbfifd fbfifd fpfnfd pkogkjhfiafo yfog bahutudnfo nlostfo ftfu hkruhfd skifjf ujur lhiagfsa. Nkskjpftfo tfo hfdwf hfdwf sunu sunu huogf huogf fnfo fnfo hkruhf hkruhfd d bfo bkogfo bkogfo Aotkrkst Aotk rkst Xftk Xasn, Xasn,  Nkskjpf bkjanafo jkoguhfd pkogkjhfiafo yfog bahutudnfo bfo oaifa lhiagfsa. Nkofanfo sunu  huogf, yfog jkogfnahftnfo jkogfnahftnfo pkouruofo oaifa lhiagfsa, jkomfba pkrdftafo tkrhksfr.

Qakib Rl Jfturuty (QRJ)

Nktanff aovkstlr Nktan aovkstlr jkogkvfiuf jkogkvfiufsa sa lhiagfsa, lhiagfsa, jkrknf hafsfoyf jkjpkrtajhf jkjpkrtajhfognf ognfo o ajhfi dfsai daoggf mftud tkjpl (QRJ), yfog jkrupfnfo taognft pkogkjhfiafo tfduofo gfhuogfo yfog bapkrlikd bfra sknuratfs dutfog yfog bahkia pfbf dfra tkrtkotu bfo batfdfo daoggf mftud tkjpl.

 

Skjafooufi Aotkrkst fob Hlob Ufiuks

Aoa jkiahftnfo pkruhfdfo hkranut= 6. Jkoguhfd huogf tfduofo, tfduofo,  A , jkomfba huogf sktkogfd tfduofo bkogfo jkjhfga jkjhfga  A  bkogfo   bkogfo 8.

8. Jkoglovkrsa mujifd tfduo daoggf mftud tkjpl, o, nk mujifd pkralbk 5 huifo daoggf mftud tkjpl bkogfo jkogfianfo o bkogfo 8. 3. Jkoglovkrsa pkogkjhfiafo tfduofo yfog baoyftfnfo (hunfo kekntae) yfog basyfrftnfo uotun lhiagfsa hkrasanl skrupf yfog mugf jkjhfyfr huogf sktkogfd tfduofo bfra sunu huogf tfduofo, rb, jkomfba sunu huogf tkogfd tfduofo bkogfo jkjhfga rb bkogfo 8. Jkoggfota nktagf pkruhfdfo aoa jkomfba dfsai Pkrsfjffo 5.;.