Resume Biostatistik-Dikonversi

 

BLF[^M^L[^LA ^TGM[ LENLYLNT RD[TCD [D^LMP PDR^DCTME

Nlsusue fhdj? Emcm

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Idbyfem Ofhdst

EPC

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20=;20=04>

PRFNL ADPDRMWM^ME [DAFHMJ ^LEGGL LHCT AD[DJM^ME JMEG ^TMJ [TRMBM\M

^MJTE MOMRME 202=/2022

 

PDR^DCTME =m AFE[DP NM[MR [^M^L[^LA

=. Afesdp Nmsmr [tmtlstla Tcuc [tmtlstla nlmrtlame sdbmgml adtdrmegme ymeg nlbutujame fhdj edgmrm nme bdrguem bmgl edgmrm (clsmheym emcm, ucur, odels adhmcle, nme ouchmj adhumrgm). Kfetfj? =. Ouchmj pdenunua Lenfedslm 200.000 olwm 2. ^legamt Adcmtlme adkdhmamme adenmrmme bdrcftfr nl edgmrm bdradcbmeg mnmhmj 2,4% ;. Rmtm-rmtm Rmtm-rmt m ucur mwmh cdestrumsl cdestrums l rdcmom ymeg tleggmh nl pdcualcme aucuj mnmhmj =2,> tmjue >. Nlems pdenlnlame cdegmtmame bmjwm sdbmeyma 4000 pdhmomr sdafhmj cdedegmj sunmj pdremj cdrfafa.

2. Nmtm m. Pdegdrtlme Nmtm [daucpuhme leifrcmsl ymeg blmsmeym bdrbdetua megam ymeg nljmslhame nmrl pdeguaurme mtmu pdrjltuegme. b. [amhm Nmtm =. Efclemh 2. Frnlemh ;. Letdrvmh? tlnma cdclhlal efh cuthma >. Rmtlf? cdclhlal efh cuthma

;. Nmtm Frnlemh Nmtm ymeg bdrodeomeg mtmu bdrbdetua pdrlegamt, ymeg cdcpueyml omrma ymeg smtu ndegme ymeg hmle ndegme omrma bmla smcm mtmupue tlnma. Kfetfj? m. Letdrvmh tlnma smcm   Pdrlegamt L ndegme LP ;.4

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  Pdrlegamt LL ndegme LP 2.<

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  Pdrlegamt LLL ndegme LP 2.:<

 

b. Letdrvmh tdtmp nme smcm   [NE Adhms L

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  [NE Adhms LL

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  [NE Adhms LLL >. Nmtm Letdrvmh Nmtm ymeg omrmaeym smcm, tdtmpl tlnma cdcpueyml tltla efh mbsfhut (cuthma). Nmtm lel blsm nlubmj cdeomnl nmtm frnlemh. Clsmh, efh ndrmomt kdhklus cmslj cdcpueyml elhml amrdem cmslj mnm elhml ymeg nlbmwmj efh ndrmomt kdhklus.

4. Nmtm Rmslf Nmtm ymeg omrmaeym smcm nme cdcpueyml elhml efh mbsfhut (afsfeg mtmu bdemrbdemr tlnma mnm). Clsmh, pdeguaurme pmeomeg (cdtdr) bdrmt (ag) olam jmslh efh bdrmrtl megam nlbmwmj efh tlnma mnm. 9. Pdeymolme nmtm nmhmc nmhmc bdetua bdetua tmbdh (^mbdh Prdsdetmtlfe) Pdeymolme nmtm nmhmc bdetua megam ymeg nlsusue sdkmrm tdrmtur nmhmc afhfc nme bmrls. ^mbdh tdrnlrl nmrl? m. Efcfr tmbdh b. Ounuh tmbdh, sdtlmp tmbdh ymeg nlsmolame jmrus nlbdrl ounuh. k. Kmtmtme pdenmjuhume n. Bmnme tmbdh d. Kmtmtme amal i.

[ucbdr nmtm

7. Kmrm cdeyusue tmbdh nlstrlbusl irdaudesl m. Cdegjltueg ouchmj adhms letdrvmh, A 3 =+;.; Hfg =40 3 :.=: nlbuhmtame cdeomnl < b. Cdegjltueg rdetmeg nmtm, nmtm tdrbdsmr nlaurmegl nmrm tdradklh

→ 

:= k. Cdegjltueg pmeomeg ahms, rdetmeg nlbmgl ouchmj letdrvmh n. Cdeyusue letdrvmh ahms, =; blsm nlcuhml nmrl =0. d. [dtdhmj ahms ahms letdrvmh letdrvmh tdrsusue tdrsusue cmam cmam nlhmauamehmj nlhmauamehmj ^MHH\

→ :=

?. Memhlsm nmtm 4. Pdemislrme nme pdegmcblhme adslcpuhme 9. Pdcmeimmt pdemislrme nme adslcpuhme uetua pdedetume adglmtme pdedhltlme hdblj hmeout. Adkumhl pfle > nlsdbut stmtlstla ndsarlptli . Pfle =,2,;,>,4,9 nlsdbut stmtlstla leidrdeslmh (memhlsls, leidrdeslmh  (memhlsls, gdedrmhlsmsl, pdeguolme jlpftdsls). B. Odels-odels stmtlstlam m. [tmtlstlam Ndsarlptli =. Pdeymolme nmtm 2. Taurme pdcusmtme ;. Taurme pdeydbmrme >. Megam lendas 4. Ndrdt bdramhm nme pdrmcmhme b. [tmtlstlam Lenuatli =. Prfbmblhltms Prfbmblhltms nme tdfrl adputusme

 

2. Cdtfnd smcphleg ;. ^dfrl pdenugmme >. Pdeguolme jlpftdsm 4. Rdgrdsl nme afrdhmsl 9. [tmtlstlam pmrmcdtrla & efe pmrmcdtrla k. Pdeggfhfegme Pdeggfhfegme nmtm stmtlstla =. Bdrnmsmrame slimt megam? m. Nmtm Nlsardt? nmtm nmtm stmtlstla ymeg tlnma cuegale bdrbdetua bdrbdetua pdkmjme pdkmjme.. Kfetfj? =. Ouchmj ahfrfphms, ahfrfphms, ouchmj trfcbfslt, ouchmj sdh, nhh. nhh. 2. Ouchmj sdh (2, ;, >, nst) b. Nmtm Afetleu? nmtm stmtlstla ymeg megam-megameym cdrupmame ndrdtme megam ymeg smcbueg-cdeymcbueg. Kfetfj? =. Bdrmt bmnme, bmnme, omrma aftm, hums hums tmemj, tmemj, nhh. nhh. 2. Bdrmt bmnme bmnme (40.;, 97.;.7, nst) 2. Bdrnmsmrame Bdrnmsmram e kmrm cdeyusue megameym?   Nmtm efclemh

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  Nmtm frnlemh/urutme

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  Nmtm letdrvmh

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  Nmtm rmtlf

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;. Bdrnmsmrame Bdrnmsmram e bdetua megameym? m. Nmtm tueggmh. b. Nmtm adhfcpfa >. Bdrnmsmrame Bdrnmsmram e wmatu pdegucpuhmeeym? m. Nmtm sdadtlam, Kfetfj? sdcdstdr gmsmh 200. [dbmgml bmjme uetua cdegdvmhumsl

K. [ucbdr Nmtm =. Bdrnmsmrame wlhmymj sucbdr nmtm m. Nmtm Letdremh, Kfetfj? leifrcmsl ouchmj pdgmwml, ouchmj cfnmh, ouchmj prfnuasl, nsb. b. Nmtm Dastdremh, Dastdremh, Kfetfj? Kfetfj? leifrcmsl tdetmeg nmym nmym bdhl cmsymrmamt, pdrubmjme adblmsmme cmsymrmamt, nsb. 2. Bdrnmsmrame suboda nlcmem nmtm cdhdamt cdhdamt (legmt (legmt >p) m. P 3 Pdrsfe, [ucbdr nmtmeym nlsdbut rdspfende. b. P 3 Phmkd, Kfetfj? mhmt, bdenm, wmrem, afenlsl rumegme, nsb. k. P 3 Prfkdss, Prfkdss, Kfetfj? Kfetfj? adglmtme adglmtme bdhmomr, bdhmomr, aledrom, gdrma tmrlme, tmrlme, nsb. n. P 3 Pmpdr, sucbdr nmtm ymeg cdeymolame tmenm-tmenm bdrupm jurui, megam, slcbfh, nme gmcbmr hmle.

N. [amhm Pdeguaurme Nmtm Nmtm ymeg jmeym blsm nlbdnmame, tlnma blsm nlurutame nme nlpdrbmenlegame smtu ndegme ymeg hmle. Efclemh mtmu efcl ymeg mrtleym emcm, cdeueouaame tmenm mtmu hmbdh ymeg jmeym uetua cdcbdnmame metmrm smtu ndegme ymeg hmleeym.

 

PDR^DCTME ; ^DAELA PDEGTCPTHME PDEGTCPTHME NM^M NM ^M

 M. Pdegdrtlme Nmtm nme Odels-odels Odels-odels Nmtm Nmtm mnmhmj adtdrmegme-adtdrmegme adtdrmegme-adtdrmegme tdetmeg sumtu jmh, nmpmt bdrupm sdsumtu ymeg nladtmjul/ ymeg nlmeggmp/ meggmpme, mtmu sumtu imatm ymeg nlgmcbmram hdwmt megam, megam, slcbfh, afnd nme hmle-hmle.

B. Nmtm cdeurut [ucbdr Pdegmcblhme =. Nmtm prlcdr, nmtm ymeg nlaucpuhame hmegsueg nl hmpmegme. Nlsdbut ougm nmtm mshl/nmtm bmru. 2. Nmtm sdauendr, nmtm ymeg nlaucpuhame nlaucpuham e nmrl sucbdr pdedhltlme ymeg sunmj mnm.

K. Nmtm cdeurut Wmatu Pdegucpuhmeeym =. Nmtm bdramhm (tlcd sdrlds), nmtm ymeg tdraucpuh nmrl wmatu ad wmatu fhdj pdradcbmegme sumtu adglmtme. 2. Adrtms hletmeg (krfss sdktlfe), sdktlfe), nmtm ymeg tdraucpuh pmnm pmnm sumtu wmatu wmatu tdrtdetu nmrl sumtu adglmtme

N. Nmtm cdeurut [limteym =. Nmtm aumhltmtli, bdrbdetua tlnma blhmegme. 2. Nmtm aumetltmtli, bdrbdetua blhmegme.

D. Nmtm cdeurut ^legamt Pdeguaurmeeym =. Nmtm efclemh 2. Nmtm frnlemh ;. Nmtm letdrvmh >. Nmtm rmslf

I. Pdegucpuhme Nmtm bdrnmsmrame kmrmeym =. Megadt (audslfedr)

 

m. Aduetuegme? nmpmt cdeomegamu smcpdh ouchmj bdsmr, blmym curmj, tlnma tdrhmhu cdeggmeggu rdspfende. b. Adruglme? tlnma nmpmt nlguemame pmnm rdspfende ymeg tlnma cmcpu cdcbmkm nme cdeuhls, pdrtmeymme smhmj tmislr fhdj rdspfende. k. Afcpfede mgmr didatli? didatli? subyda, momame, pdtueoua pdeglslme megadt, pdrtmeymme mtmu pdreymtmme 2. Wmwmekmrm m. Adhdbljme? nmpmt nlguemame bmgl ymeg tlnma cmcpu cdeuhls nme cdcbmkm, olam mnm ymeg bdhuc pmjmc blsm hmegsueg nlodhmsame, nmpmt hmegsueg cdegdkda adbdemrme. b. Adaurmegme? blmym bdsmr, jmeym rdspfende nlalt k. ^daela? bdrstruatur, tlnma bdrstruatur ;. Fbsdrvmsl m. Adhdbljme? nmpmt nlpdrfhdj nmrl tlegamj hmau b. Adaurmegme? bdbdrmpm tlegamj hmau ymeg tlnma cuegale nlmcmtl nmpmt cdcbmjmymame pdegmcmt. k. adtdrhlbmtme pdegmcmt? pmrtlslpme, tma pmrtlslpme n. kmrm pdegmcmtme? pdegmcmtme? bdrstruatur nme tma bdrstruatur bdrstruatur >. [tunl nfaucdetmsl m. Adhdbljme? Adhdbljme? subyda ymeg susmj mtmu tlnma tdromegamu, tdromegamu, blmym rdhmtli adklh b. Adaurmegme? blms, tdrsdnlm tdrsdnlm sdkmrm sdkmrm sdhdatli, tlnma afcphlt, afcphlt, ifrcmt tlnma bmau 4. ^daela memhlsls lsl m. Pdegucpuhme nmtm bdrnmsmrame bmeymaeym nmtm ymeg nlmcblh? sdesus, smcphleg

G. Jmh ymeg pdrhu nlpdrjmtlame nmhmc cdcbumt pdrtmeymme mtmu pdreymtmme pdreymtmm e =. Jmrus odhms nme tlnma cdrmguame 2. Jlenmrl pdrtmeymme/pdreymtmme pdrtmeymme/pdreymtmme gmenm ;. Rdspfende jmrus cmcpu cdeomwmb >. Jmrus rdhdvme 4. [dbmlaeym pdenda 9. Jlenmrl blms nme sugdstli

 

J. Bdrnmsmrame Bdrnmsmra me bdetua pdrtmeymme mtmu pdreymtmme =. Megadt tdrbuam (fpdedn qudstlfemrd) 2. Megadt tdrtutup (khfsdn qudstlfemrd) qudstlfemrd) ;. Megadt sdcl tdrbuam (sdcl fpdedn qudstfemrd)

PDR^DCTME > NMI^MR NL[^RLBT[L NL[^RLBT[L IRD IRDATDE[L ATDE[L NME MPHLAM [L PMNM NM^M PDEDHL^LME PDEDHL^LME  M. Ndilelsl Nlstrlbusl irdaudesl mtmu tmbdh nlstrlbusl irdaudesl mnmhmj sdbumj tmbdh ymeg bdrlsl elhml-elhml nmtm ymeg nladhfcpfaame ad nmhmc letdrvmh-letdrvmh letdrvmh-letdrvmh ymeg cdclhlal irdaudesl.

B. Odels nmtm [ymrmt nmtm ymeg bmla? m. Fbydatli b. Cdwmalhl (rdprdsdetmtlvd) (rdprdsdetmtlvd) k. Nmpmt nlmenmhame (rdhlmbdh) ndegme adsmhmjme bmau adklh n. Tp tf nmtd d. Rdhdvme

K. Lstlhmj pdetleg nmhmc pdeyusueme nlstrlbusl irdaudesl bdrgfhfeg m. Letdrvmh adhms? tlmp adhfcpfa elhml vmrlmbdh b. Bmtms adhms ? elhml ymeg cdcbmtmsl adhms ymeg smtu ndegme ymeg hmleeym k. Hdbmr adhms adhms (l)? (l)? ouchmj elhml nmhmc tlmp letdrvmh letdrvmh adhms adhms n. ^ltla tdegmj (cln (cln pflet)? elhml ymeg bdrmnm tdpmt nl tdegmj letdrvmh letdrvmh adhms adhms d. Ouchmj letdrvmh letdrvmh (a)? bmeymaeym bmeymaeym letdrvmh adhms ymeg ymeg nlguemame nmhmc pdeyusueme nlstrlbusl i.

Omrma pdeguaurme (rmegd fi cdmsurdcdet) ? elhml tdrtleggl nlaurmegl ndegme elhml tdrtdenmj.

 

N. ^uoume, adaurmegme, adhdbljme, tmbdh nlstrlbusl nlstrlbus l m. ^uoume? Cdcunmjame nmhmc pdeymolme nmtm, cunmj nlpmjmcl, nme nlbmkm sdbmgml bmjme leifrcmsl, Cdcunmjame nmhmc cdegmemhlsm mtmu cdegjltueg nmtm, cdcbumt tmbhd nme grmila. b. Adaurmegme? Nmpmt cdegdtmjul gmcbmrme leifrcmsl nmtm sdkmrm cdeydhuruj. k. Adhdbljme? Rleklme nmtm mwmh mtmu leifrcmsl mwmh cdeomnl jlhmeg.

D. Cmkmc-cmkmc tmbdh nlstrlbusl irdaudesl m. Nmtm tueggmh b. Nmtm adhfcpfa k. Aucuhmtli n. Rdhmtli

PDR^DCTME 4 PDEGFHMJME NM^M (KDE^RMH ^DENDE[L) Nl Mrtlame sdbmgml pusmt nmrl sumtu nlstrlbusl, nmhmc jmh lel cdhlputl cdme, cfnus, cdnlme nme sdodelseym.  M. Cdme Cdrupmame ouchmj elhml nmtm nlbmgl ndegme bmeymaeym nmtm.

B. Cfnus Cdrupmame sumtu elhml ymeg cdcpueyml irdaudesl adcuekuhme tdrtleggl.

K. Cdnlme Cdrupmame sumtu elhml ymeg tdpmt bdrmnm nltdegmj-tdegmj elhml nmtm hmleeym. Bdrmrtl 40% elhml nmtm hdblj bdsmr nmrl cdnlme (40% 5 Cd).

 

N. Jubuegme cdme, cfnus, cdnlme =. Nlstrlbusl Efrcmh ([lcdtrls) 2. Nlstrlbusl Nlstrlbus l Cdekdeg Alrl nme Ameme ([adwedss Edgmtlvd men p pfsltlvd) fsltlvd) ;. Nlstrlbusl [drmgmc (Telifrc)

PDR^DCTME 9m TOL EFRCMHL^M[  M. Pdegdrtlme Tol efrcmhltms bdrtuoume uetua cdegdtmjul mpmamj nmtm ymeg nlpdrfhdj nmrl jmslh pdedhltlme bdrnlstrlbusl efrcmh mtmu tlnma. Nmtm bdrnlstrlbusl efrcmh ymltu nmtm cdcusmt pmnm elhml rmtm-rmtm nme cdnlme.

B. Tol Efrcmhltms Nmtm ^ueggmh Cdegguemame Tol Hlhldifrs Hmegamj-hmegamj? =. Trutame nmtm smcpdh nmrl nmrl ymeg tdradklh tdradklh ad tdrbdsmr tdrbdsmr (Z=, Z2,, Z2,, Z;, ..Ze) 2. Jltueg rmtm-rmtm elhml safr smcpdh smcpdh sdkmrm adsdhurujme cdegguemame cdegguemame rmtmrmtm tueggmh. ;. Jltueg stmenmr stmenmr ndvlmsl elhml elhml safr smcpdh smcpdh cdegguemame cdegguemame stmenmr stmenmr ndvlmsl tueggmh >. ^detuame elhml elhml tmbdh _ (hljmt hmcplrme hmcplrme tmbdh z) bdrnmsmrame elhml elhml _l , ndegme cdegmbmlame elhml edgmtlieym. 4. ^detuame bdsmr bdsmr pdhumeg cmsleg-cmsleg elhml z bdrnmsmrame bdrnmsmrame tmbdh z (tuhlsame ndegme slcbfh I (zl). \mltu ndegme kmrm elhml 0,4- elhml tmbdh _ mpmblhm elhml zl edgmtli (-), nme 0,4 + elhml tmbdh _ mpmblhm elhml zl pfsltli (+) 9. Jltueg irdaudesl aucuhmtli eymtm nmrl cmsleg-cmsleg cmsleg-cms leg elhml z uetua sdtlmp bmrls, nme sdbut ndegme [(zl) adcunlme nlbmgl ndegme ouchmj eucbdr fi kmsds (E) smcpdh. 7. ^detuame elhml Hf (jltueg) 3 L I(zl) ‛ [(zl) L nme bmenlegame ndegme elhml Htmbdh (tmbdh elhml arltls uetua uol hlhldifrs).

 

:. Mpmblhm Hf (jltueg) 8 H tmbdh cmam smcpdh bdrmsmh nmrl pfpuhmsl ymeg bdrnlstrlbusl efrcmh.

K. Tol Efrcmhltms Efrcmhltms ndegme Z2 (aml aumnrmt/kjl aumnrmt/kjl aumnrmn) aumnrmn) Nlguemame uetua cdeguol efrcmhltms nmtm nmhmc bdetua nmtm adhfcpfaame nmhmc nlstrlbusl irdaudesl.

PDR^DCTME 9b [^M^L[^LAM LEIDRDE[LMH LEIDRDE[LMH  M. Rmslfemh =. Afenlsl rllh pdegfhmjme leifrcmsl (Nmtm)? Amrdem adtdrbmtmsme adtdrbmtm sme wmatu, blmym nme tdemgm tlnma cdcuegaleame cdegucpuhame leifrcmsl. 2. Lcphlamsl? Lcphlams l? nlpdrhuame prfsdnur nme mhmt ymeg cdcuegaleame cdemrla adslcpuhme ymeg vmhln ymeg bdrhmau bmgl adhfcpfa ymeg hdblj hums.

B. Lstlhmj-lstlhmj ucuc m. Adhfcpfa nmtm ymeg nlfhmj nlsdbut smcpdh b. Adhfcpfa nmtm ymeg nlwmalhl nlsdbut pfpuhmsl k. Prfsdnur stmtlstlam stmtlstlam ymeg nlcmasun (uetua cdemrla cdemrla adslcpuhme adslcpuhme tdetmeg tdetmeg pfpuhmsl bdrnmsmrame leifrcmsl pmnm smcpdh) nlsdbut stmtlstlam leidrdeslmh n. Pdreymtmme nugmme nugmme sdcdetmrm sdcdetmrm (nmrl amolme tdfrl) tdfrl) tdetmeg pfpuhmsl pfpuhmsl nlsdbut nlsdbut jlpftdsls. Jlpftdsls sdhmeouteym nluol nmrl leifrcmsl ymeg mnm pmnm smcpdh. K. Jlpftdsls =. Jlpftdsls efh (eljlh)? Jf, bdrslimt bdrslimt edtrmh edtrmh 2. Jlpftdsls adrom (mhtdremtli)? (mhtdremtli)? Jm, mnm num cmkmc ymltu ymltu m. Num mrmj (mnm bdnm x ndegmey1 mnm jubuegme, tmepm cdedetuame cmem ymeg hdblj bmla) b. [mtu mrmj (cdedetuame adhfcpfa ymeg hdblj bmla? x hdblj bmla y1 hdblj  odhda, bdrjubuegme bdrjubuegme pfsltli) pfsltli)

 

k. Pdrucusme smtu mrmj mtmu num mrmj cdcpdegmrujl pdegmcblhme adputusme ymeg bdrslimt cmrolemh

N. Msucsl Tcuc [mcpdh =. [mcpdh ymeg ymeg nlmcblh nlmcblh jmrus vmhln, rdprdsdetmtli, rdprdsdetmtli, nme nme bdrslimt bdrslimt mkma 2. Ouchmj cdcdeujl symrmt clelcmh (≤ ;0)  ;. Cdcdeujl sdbmrme tdrtdetu (ucuceym (ucuceym sdbmrme sdbmrme efrcmh? efrcmh? afetleu, afetleu, slcdtrla)

D. Pdhmeggmrme Pdhmeggmrme Tcuc Msucsl =. Adtdrwmalhme, Adtdrwmalhme, vmhlnltms nme admkmame admkmame nmtm bdrslimt bdrslimt wmolb wmolb 2. Ouchmj nme sdbmrme cdedetuame odels uol stmtlstlam ymeg nmpmt nlpdrguemame (clsmheym pmrmcdtrla vs efe pmrmcdtrla) ;. Ouchmj smcpdh ymeg rdhmtli bdsmr

I. [tmtlstlam Leidrdeslmh Cdrupmame pdrsfmhme sdndrjmem jmeym cdenugm (cdemaslr) pdcusmtme pfpuhmsl (pmrmcdtdr) bdrnmsmrame pdcusmtme smcpdh (stmtlstla).

G. Tol Bdnm Adhfcpfa  Mnm bdrbmgml afenlsl afenlsl nmhm nmhmc c uol bdnm adhfcpfa adhfcpfa mtmu jubuegme jubuegme metmrm vmrl vmrlmbdh mbdh efclemh ndegme hmleeym. =. Adhfcpfa pmnm vmrlmbdh bdbms mnm 2 mtmu hdblj 2. [amhm vmrlmbdh rdspfe blsm afetleu

D. [limt [tmtlstla [mcpdh =. [tmtlstla sdbmgml sdbmgml leifrcmsl leifrcmsl (eucdrla) (eucdrla) nmrl smcpdh cdclhlal cdclhlal slimt? [tfamstla [tfamstla (prfbmblhlstla) 2. Pdrbdnmme nmhmc smcpdh ymeg nlymalel ougm tdromnl pmnm pfpuhmsl

I. Afcpfede [tmtlstla =. Rmtm-rmtm smcpdh?

x 3Ϋx /E 

2. Ndvlmsl bmau smcpdh? [3∟ QΫ (x -

x)2 / (E-=)S

;. Ndvlmsl bmau rmtm-rmtm (adsmhmjme bmau)? [/ ∟E 

 

>. ^mrmi slgelilamesl slgelilamesl (tlegamt adkfkfame), pdhumeg pdhumeg bmjwm bmjwm adslcpuhme adslcpuhme ymeg altm altm mcblh smhmj. 4. Letdrvmh adymaleme adymaleme bdrnmsmrame bdrnmsmrame msucsl msucsl nlstrlbusl nlstrlbusl (e8 ;0 ;0 nlstrlbusl nlstrlbusl t, sdbmhlaeym cdegguemame nlstrlbusl efrcmh)

PDR^DCTME 9k TOL YMHLNL^M[ NME RDHLMBLHL^M[  M. Hmtmr bdhmameg bdhmameg pdrhueym uol uol vmhlnltms nme rdhlmblhltms rdhlmblhltms Pdedhltlme pmnm nmsmreym cdrupmame prfsds uetua cdhmauame pdeguaurme. Fhdj amrdem ltu mgmr adslcpuhme ymeg nlpdrfhdj nmrl pdedhltlme tlnma adhlru mtmu tlnma cdcbdrlame gmcbmrme ymeg omuj bdrbdnm ndegme admnmme ymeg sdbdemreym cmam nlpdrhuame mhmt uaur ymeg bdrupm samhm mtmu tdst ymeg vmhln nme rdhlmbdh.

B. Hmegamj ndegme dxkdh =. Ouchmjame sdcum safr ltdc Pdrtmeymme sdjleggm nlpdrfhdj elhml tftmh. 2. Afrdhmslame sdcum safr safr ltdc pdrtmeymme pdrtmeymme ndegme ndegme elhml tftmh. tftmh. ;. Tolhmj afdidslde afrdhmsl safr ltdc pdrtmeymme ndegme elhml tftmh, sumtu ltdc pdrtmeymme nlamtmame vmhln, ndegme arltdrlm sdbmgml bdrlaut? m. Olam afdilslde afrdhmsl ltdc tdrjmnmp tftmh ≤ 0,; (Mswmr  Emsutlfe,  Emsutlfe, =+Z=V4 +Z=V4

 

2. Afrdhmslame Afrdhmslam e sdcum omwmbme ltdc Z= ndegme ^ftVZ=

Kfrrdhmtlfe → Blvmrlm Blvmrlmtd…. td….  m.  Memhyzd → Kfrrdhmtlfe b. Cmsuame Z=V=, Z=V2, Z=V;, Z=V>, Z=V4 nme ^ftVZ= k. Pmnm Kfrdhmtlfes Kfdiidkldes → Plhlj Pdmrsfe  n. ^dst fi [lgelilkmekd → Plhlj Fed -^lhdn d. Matliame Ihmg slgelilkmet kfrrdhmtlfe i.

Mbmlame plhljme ymeg hmle (blmrame pmnm pfslsl Ndimuht)

g. Ahla  FA

N. Tol Rdhlmblhltms Rdhlmblhltms pmnm nmsmreym mnmhmj sdomuj cmem jmslh sumtu pdeguaurme nmpmt nlpdrkmym. Jmslh pdeguaur ymeg nlhmauame bdruhmeg cdegjmslhame jmslh ymeg rdhmtli smcm cmam pdeguaurme tdrsdbut nlmeggmp cdclhlal tlegamt rdhlmblhltms ymeg bmla. D. Cdtfnd Pdedhltlme Rdhlmblhltms =. Rdhlmblhltms Rdhlmblhltms Dastdremh m. ^daela Pmrmhdh (pmrmhhdh ifrc), cdcbmgl audslfedr adpmnm rdspfende ymeg letleym smcm mame tdtmpl cdegguemame amhlcmt ymeg bdrbdnm b. ^daela Thmeg Thmeg (nfubhd tdst / tdst prdtdst), prdtdst), cdcbmgl audslfedr ymeg ymeg smcm pmnm wmatu ymeg bdrbdnm. k. Adhdcmjme? Adcuegaleme mnmeym pdrubmjme afenlsl subyda, [uhlt cdekmrl rdspfende ymeg smcm pmnm pdrlfnd ymeg bdrbdnm, [uhlt cdedetuame tdeggmeg wmatu ymeg pms. n. Cdtfnd rdhlblhltms dastdremh? Ndegme Ndegme rucus [pdmrcme-Brfwe [pdmrcme-Brfwe,, Ihmemgmet, Ruhfe, A ‛ R.2=, Jfyt, Mhpjm Krfebmkj d. Cdtfnd Mhpjm Krfebmkj? Cdcbumt tmbdh memhlsls butlr, Cdegjltueg elhml tftmh ltdc pdrtmeymme, Jltueg elhml vmrlme butlr nme vmrlme tftmh, Ouchmjame elhml vmrlme butlr. i.

Cdtfnd Mhpjm Krfebmkj ndegme [P[[? =. Buam ilhd ymeg mame nluol. 2.  Memhyzd → [kmhd → Rdhlmblhty Memhysls… Memhysls…  ;. Pmnm ltdc ltdc cmsuame cmsuame ? Z=V=, Z=V2, Z=V2, Z=V;, Z=V;, Z=V>. Z=V>. >. Matliame Hlst ltdc hmbdhs

 

4. Mbmlame plhljme ymeg hmle (blmrame pmnm pfslsl Ndimuht). 9. Ahla  FA

I. Cdtfnd Pdeguaurme Rdhlmblhltms =. Rdhlmblhltms Rdhlmblhltms Letdremh Tol rdhlmblhltms letdremh nlguemame uetua cdegjlhmegame adhdcmjmeadhmcmjme pmnm uol rdhlmblhltms rdhlmblhltms dastdremh.

PDR^DCTME 7 PDEGTOLME JLPF^D[L[  M. Pdegdrtlme Pdeguolme Pdeguolme Jlpftdsls Jlpftdsls Jlpftdsls mnmhmj sumtu sumtu pdreymtmme ymeg cmslj hdcmj adbdemrmeeym nme pdrhu nlbuatlame mtmu nugmme ymeg slimteym cmslj sdcdetmrm. m. Jlpftdsls stmtlstla, pdreymtmme mtmu nugmme cdedgeml admnmme pfpuhmsl ymeg slimteym cmslj sdcdetmrm mtmu hdcmj adbdemrmeeym.

B. Prfsdnur pdeguolme jlpftdsls m. Hmegamj-hmegamj Hmegamj-hme gamj pdeguolme jlpftdsls? =. Cdedetuame ifrcuhmsl jlpftdsls 2. Cdedetuame tmrmi eymtm (slgelilkmet hdvdh) ;. Cdedetuame arltdrlm pdeguolme b. Adsmhmjme ^lpd L nme ^lpd LL =. ^lpd L, cdefhma jlpftdsls ymeg sdjmruseym nltdrlcm 2. ^lpd LL, cdedrlcm jlpftdsls ymeg sdjmruseym sdjmruseym nltfhma

K. ^legamt slgelilamesl uol Prfbmblhltms cmaslcuc nmrl rlslaf tdromnleym adsmhmjme ^lpd L ymeg mame nlmhmcl nmhmc uol jlpftdsls. =. Tol smtu mrmj

 

2. Tol num mrmj

N. Hmegamj-hmegamj Hmegamj-hmeg amj pdeguolme =. ^detuame J0 nme J= 2. ^detuame stmtlstla uol ;. ^detuame mrmj pdeguolme >. ^mrmi eymtm pdeguolme 4. ^detuame elhml tltla arltls mtmu nmdrmj pdedrlcmme-pdefhmame pdedrlcmme- pdefhmame J0 9. Kmrl elhml stmtlstla jltueg 7. ^detuame adslcpuhme

PDR^DCTME : ^DAELA [MCPHLEG  M. [lcphd rmenfc smcphleg (rucus (rucus shfvle) B. [trmtlildn rmenfc smcphleg K. Khustdr rmenfc smcphleg

PDR^DCTME < [^M^L[^LA EFEPMRMCD^RLA  M. Efepmrmcdtrla Efepmrmcdtrla Prfsdnur leidrdeslmh ymeg bmeyma nlguemame pmnm nmtm-nmtm nmrl smcpdh ymeg bdrnlstrlbusl tlnma efrcmh. Cdegguemame smcpdh nmtm ymeg bdrslimt sdndrjmem

 

clsmheym tmenm nmrl sumtu pdeguaurme, pdeguaurme, jubuegme ymeg bdrslimt tlegamtme mtmu irdaudesl amtdgfrl.

B. Adhdbljme nmrl uol blfstmtlstlam efepmrmcdtrla efepmrmcdtrla =. [dsuml uetua smcpdh smcpdh ymeg ymeg bdruaurme bdruaurme rdhmtli adklh adklh 2. Msucsl msmh nmtm nmtm tlnma tdrhmhu nlpdrsfmhame, nlpdrsfmhame, tlnma tlnma jmrus cdegguemame cdegguemame nlstrlbusl efrcmh ;. Blsm nlguemame uetua nmtm ymeg bdrsamhm efclemh nme frnlemh >. Hdblj cunmj pdegguemme nme pdemislrme

K. Tol stmtlstla efepmrmcdtrla efepmrmcdtrla =. Kjl squmrd 2. Afrdhmsl spdmrcme ;. Wlhkfxfe >. Cmee wjltedy 4. Arusamh wmhhls

PDR^DCTME =0

[^M^L[^LA PMRMCD^RLA NME EFEPMRMCD^RLA  M. Pmrmcdtrla =. Lenfamtfr Lenfamt fr nmrl sumtu nlstrlbusl jmslh pdeguaurme 2. Cdeglautl prleslp-prleslp prleslp-prleslp nlstrlbusl efrcmh ;. [ymrmt pdedrmpme stmtlstla pmrmcdtrla? m. Nmtm nlstrlbusl efrcmh b. [mcpdh nlpdrfhdj sdkmrm rmenfc (rdprdsdetmtlvd (rdprdsdet mtlvd pfpuhmsl) k. [amhm pdeguaurme (letdrvmh/rmslf) (letdrvmh/rmslf)

B. Efepmrmcdtrla

 

Cdegmbmlame sdgmhm msucsl ymeg cdhmenmsl cdtfnd stmtlstla pmrmcdtrla, tdrutmcm ymeg bdramltme ndegme nlstrlbusl efrcmh. m. Nlguemame mpmblhm smhmj smtu pmrmcdtdr stmtlstla tlnma tlnma tdrpdeujl b. [amhm nmtm amtdgfrlamh (efclemh nme frnlemh)

NMI^MR PT[^MAM jttp?//www.ndilelsl jttp?//www.ndilelsl-pdegdrtlme.kf -pdegdrtlme.kfc/20=9/0=/pde c/20=9/0=/pdegdrtlme-nmtm-nd gdrtlme-nmtm-ndilelsl-cdeuru ilelsl-cdeurut-mjhl.jtch t-mjhl.jtch   jttps?//lnkhfunjf jttps?//lnkhfunjfst.kfc/pdegdrtlm st.kfc/pdegdrtlme-nmtm-ndilels e-nmtm-ndilelsl-iuegsl-nme-ode l-iuegsl-nme-odels-odels-nm ls-odels-nmtm/ tm/