Resistencia de Materiales I A

 

SNSPKAI @K DKSPNÓE @K LI CILN@I@ CÓ@NDH= [SIP-ZA:0:9-@-:9 WK_SNÓE= :3

GIC[LPI@ @K NEDKENK_ÁI Z_HD_IAI @K KSP[@NHS @K NEDKENK_ÁI CNWNL IAONKEPIL SÁLIOH @K _KSNSPKECNI @K AIPK_NILKS N

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@IPHS NEGH_AIPNWHS 9.9 Isndeituri=

_KSNSPKECNI @K AIPK_NILKS N

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9.3 Cnclh `kl plie `k kstu`nhs=

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9.0 Crî`nths=

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9.; Pnph `k isndeituri= 9.7 Zrkrrkqunsnth=

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CÉLC[LH @K WI_NIS WI_NIOLKS @NEÉANCI

9.4 Eýakrh `k fhris skaieilks=

Eº `k fhris tkórncis=

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Eº `k fhris préctncis=

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Eº `k fhris thtilks=

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9.6 @uricnóe=

@kl (:9/:>) il (9>/9?/?:?:)

9.> Skakstrk ici`îanch=

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9.9: Druph Fhrirnh=

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9.99 @hcketk chhr`nei`hr=

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9.9? @hcketk s)=

TNLSHE AI_PNE DI_CNI WK_I wdircniJusit.k`u.pk

 

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S[ANLLI _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks N, ks uei isndeituri `k eiturilkzi tkórnch-préctnci, `kl érki `k Ks Kstu`nhs tu`nhs `k Kspkcniln`i`. Pnkek chah prhpósnth `ksirrhllir ke kl kstu`nietk chapktkecnis piri cilculir ksgukrzhs netkrehs y `kghraicnheks tieth ke kstructuris nshstétncis chah fnpkrkstétncis, `ketrh `kl riedh kléstnch. Kl cursh chaprke`k lhs sndunketks chetken`hs= - Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks, prnecnpnhs y dkekriln`i`ks - Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks hrndnei`hs phr gukrzi ixnil y puezheianketh. - Ksgukrzhs hrndnei`hs phr glkx glkxnóe nóe - Ksgukrzhs hrndnei`hs phr thrsnóe. - Ksgukrzhs chaonei`hs, ksgukrzhs prnecnpilks, cárculh `k Ahfr. - Crntkrnh `k gillis `k cirdi kstétnci, aitkrnilks `ýctnlks y grédnlks.

NNN.

CHAZKPKECNI S) 3.9 Chapktkecni s) `k pkrgnl `k kdrksh Li isndeituri _KSNSPKECNI @K AIPK_NILKS N, quk chrrksphe`k il érki `k kstu`nhs Kspkcágncis, chetrnouyk il lhdrh `kl pkrgnl `k kdrksh, kspkcágnciaketk i li(s) chapktkecni(s)=  - KSP_[CP[_IS= @nskùi `nvkrshs tnphs `k kstructuris `k horis cnvnlks y k`ngncicnheks, ieilnzie`h cóah lis cirictkrástncis `k lis kstructuris negluyke ke su chaphrtianketh, che li gneiln`i` `k dirietnzir su skdurn`i` kstructuril.

3.? Chapktkecni `k li isndeituri Iplncir lhs chehcnankeths `k aitkrnilks `k chestruccnóe ke snstkais kstructurilks, i pirtnr `kl chehcnanketh `k li rklicnóe ketrk li kstructuri y lis prhpnk`i`ks akcéencis `k lhs aitkrnilks, chah li rksnstkecni y li `kghraicnóe.

NW.

[EN@I@KS @ @NN@ÉCPNCIS

 

[en`i` `n`éctnci Eº :9= KSG[K_]HS ^ @KGH_AICNHEKS @KGH_AICNHEKS _ksulti`h `k iprke`nzimk Eº Eº :9 _I9)= Chaprke`k, kxplnci, ieilnzi y cilculi lhs ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks `k klkakeths kstructurilks snaplks, iplncie`h lhs prnecnpnhs oésnchs `k li _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, ke snstkais Nshstétnchs k Fnpkrkstétnchs, shaktn`hs i shlncnticnheks `k hrndke akcéench y `k tkapkrituri, ke kl chetkxth `k li k`ucicnóe eh prkskecnil. _I9 1 NE@9 9.::) Ne`nci`hrks @kscrnpcnóe

NE@9= _ksuklvk prholkais y Kxphek lhs chehcnankeths i`qunrn`hs ickrci `k lhs prnecnpnhs `k li rksnstkecni `k aitkrnilks, piri rkshlvkr klkakeths kstructurilks snaplks, ke kl chetkxth `k li k`ucicnóe eh prkskecnil.

Kviluicnóe Zksh

Kvn`kecni

Zksh

Nestruakeths

Kxiake E½ :9

33.::

Kviluicnóe Eº :9

Kxiake Eº :?

30.::

Kviluicnóe Eº :?

9::.::

Kxiake E½ :3

33.::

Kviluicnóe Eº :3

Chetken`hs

9.9 Ilciecks `k li _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, cukrphs `kghraiolks. 9.? Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks. 9.3 Fnpótksns `k Eivnkr. 9.0 Zrnecnpnh `k Sinet Wkeiet, checketricnóe `k ksgukrzhs. 9.; @kghraicnheks lhedntu`neilks, uentirnis, triesvkrsilks y `k `nsthrsnóe. 9.7 Lky `k Fhhbk, Ah`ulh `k Klistncn`i`, @nsthrsnóe, Chkgncnketk `k Zhnsshe, Ah`ulh `k Chrtk. 9.4 Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks lhedntu`neilks y triesvkrsilks. 9.6 Chaphrtianketh kléstnch, chaphrtianketh pléstnch, glukecni, rhturi. 9.> Kxndkecnis phr _ksnstkecni y phr Skrvncnh. 9.9: Ksgukrzh [ltnah, Ksgukrzh I`ansnolk. 9.99 Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks ke klkakeths cirdi`hs ixnilaketk, `k skccnóe uenghrak y eh-uenghrak. 9.9? @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs ixnilks, lky quk rndk li `nstrnoucnóe `k lhs ansahs. 9.93 Ksgukrzhs chrtietks phr puezheianketh. 9.90 Ksgukrzhs ixnilks ke pliehs pkrpke`nculirks y ke pliehs holncuhs. 9.9; Ieélnsns ke klkakeths chapuksths `k aés `k ue aitkrnil. 9.97 Ieélnsns `k klkakeths kstétnciaketk ne`ktkranei`hs. 9.94 Ieélnsns `k klkakeths shaktn`hs i su pksh prhpnh y i cirdis `nstrnoun`is. 9.96 Ieélnsns kgkcths tîranchs, `kl chaphrtianketh che krrhrks `k lhedntu` phr h `kghraicnóe prkvni. 9.9> @nakesnheianketh phr ksgukrzhs ixnilks, iplistianketh. 9.?: Klkakeths shaktn`hs i glkxnóe, `nidriais `k ahakeths y `k chrtietks. 9.?9 _klicnheks ketrk Ahakeths, Chrtietks y Curvituri. 9.?? @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs phr glkxnóe ke uei `nrkccnóe, lky quk rndk li virnicnóe `k lhs ansahs, célculh `k li uoncicnóe `kl kmk ekutrh. 9.?3 Ieélnsns `k vndis `k ` k skccnóe snaîtrnci, `k skccnóe isnaîtrnci, vndis fukcis. 9.?0 Ieélnsns `k vndis chapukstis `k `ngkrketks aitkrnilks, rklicnóe ah`ulir, crntkrnh `k li skccnóe triesghrai`i. 9.?; Ieélnsns `k vndis che cirdi neclnei`i, che rkspkcth i su skccnóe triesvkrsil. 9.?7 Cish `k glkxnóe onixnil. 9.?4 @nakesnheianketh phr glkxnóe. 9.?6 Li Phrsnóe, chrtietk phr thrsnóe. 9.?> Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks `kon`hs i li thrsnóe ke klkakeths `k skccnóe cnrculir sóln`i. 9.3: @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs chrtietks `kon`hs i li thrsnóe, lky quk rndk li virnicnóe `k lhs ansahs. 9.39 Li thrsnóe ke klkakeths `k pirk` `kldi`i y `k pirk` druksi. 9.3? Li thrsnóe ke klkakeths ionkrths y ckrri`hs. 9.33 Li thrsnóe ke skccnheks snaîtrncis, thrsnóe `k Sinet Wkeiet. 9.30 Li thrsnóe ke skccnheks isnaîtrncis, thrsnóe phr iliokh. 9.3; Checkpth `k cketrh `k chrtk phr thrsnóe, naphrtiecni `kl ansah, célculh `k su uoncicnóe ke skccnheks ionkrtis. 9.37 Ieélnsns `k vndis che thrsnóe ehuenghrak. 9.34 @nakesnheianketh phr thrsnóe.

 

[en`i` `n`éctnci Eº :?= KSG[K_]HS CHAONEI@HS, CHAONEI@HS, C_NPK_NH @K GILLIS @K CI_DI KSPIPNCI _ksulti`h `k iprke`nzimk Eº Eº :? _I?)= Chaprke`k, ieilnzi, cilculi y kxplnci li hcurrkecni `k gilli `k ue klkaketh kstructuril, shaktn`h i chaoneicnóe `k ksgukrzhs ke kl kspicnh, ke kl chetkxth `k li k`ucicnóe eh prkskecnil. _I? 1 NE@? 9.::) Ne`nci`hrks

W.

Kviluicnóe

@kscrnpcnóe

Zksh

Kvn`kecni

Zksh

Nestruakeths

NE@?= _ksuklvk prholkais y Kxphek lhs chehcnankeths i`qunrn`hs ickrci `k lhs prnecnpnhs `k lhs crntkrnhs `k gillis `k cirdi kstétnci, iplncée`hlh i ue klkaketh kstructuril shaktn`h i gukrzis ke kl kspicnh, ke kl chetkxth `k li k`ucicnóe eh prkskecnil.

9::.::

Kxiake E½ :0

9::.::

Kviluicnóe Eº :0

Chetken`hs

?.9 Ksgukrzhs chaonei`hs lhedntu`neilks y triesvkrsilks. ?.? Chaoneicnóe `k Glkxnóe aés Ixnil, Glkxnóe aés Chrtietk, Glkxnóe aés Phrsnóe, Chrtietk aés Phrsnóe. ?.3 Wirnicnóe `k lhs ksgukrzhs, skdýe li hrnketicnóe. ?.0 Ksgukrzhs prnecnpilks, plieh `k lhs ksgukrzhs prnecnpilks. ?.; Pkhrái `kl Cárculh `k Ahrf. ?.7 Wirnicnóe trn`nakesnheil `k lhs ksgukrzhs. ?.4 Ah`hs y crntkrnhs `k gilli= gricturi, glukecni, `kghraicnheks kxcksnvis. ?.6 Crntkrnhs piri `ktkraneir li glukecni ke aitkrnilks `ýctnlks. ?.> Crntkrnhs piri `ktkraneir li gricturi ke aitkrnilks grédnlks. ?.9: Neckrtn`uaork y gicthr `k skdurn`i`.

KSP_IPKDNIS @ @NN@ÉCPNCIS Ziri kl `ksirrhllh `k li isndeituri sk kaplkirée lis sndunketks kstritkdnis `n`éctncis= • Lluvni `k n`kis, sk kaplkiré piri kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha. • Zirtncnpicnheks ke clisk, sk kaplkiré piri kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha. Zrkduetisynetkrcili`is, sk kaplkiré li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha. • @nscusnóe `koitk, sk kaplkiré piripiri kllh kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha. • Ieélnsns, `nscusnóe y `koitk `k cishs préctnchs, sk kaplkiré piri kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha, phrtighlnh vnrtuil. • Iprke`nzimk Oisi`h ke Cishs (IOC), sk kaplkiré piri kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha, phrtighlnh vnrtuil, ppt, vn`khs. • Iprke`nzimk Oisi`h ke Zrholkais (IOZ), sk kaplkiré piri kllh li vn`khchegkrkecni i trivîs `kl zhha, phrtighlnh vnrtuil, ppt, vn`khs, htrhs

WN.

KWIL[ICNÓE

 

7.9 Crntkrnhs `k kviluicnóe Li cilngncicnóe piri th`is lis isndeituris, isndeituris, sk rkilnziré ke li kscili vndksnail, ks `kcnr, `k ckrh ::) i vknetk  ?:). Li ehti iprhoithrni aáenai ks cithrck 90). Li kviluicnóe skré ghraitnvi y suaitnvi, sk iplnciré kviluicnheks `k ketri`i y `k siln`i, chesn`krie`h lis kvn`kecnis (phr kmkaplh neghraks, kxphsncnheks shork tkxths ici`îanchs) k nestruakeths quk sk kaplkirée piri li kviluicnóe `k ci`i uei `k kllis. Zhr kmkaplh= lnstis `k chtkmh, kscilis kstnaitnvis, rýorncis, prukois `k kesiyh ktc. Ehraitnvn`i`=  - Kl tnkaph `k thlkriecni piri kl nedrksh i lis sksnheks `k clisks ks `k 9: aneuths.  - Li isnstkecni i clisks ks holndithrni y rksphesionln`i` `kl kstu`nietk, li ansai quk skré rkdnstri`i phr kl `hcketk ke ci`i sksnóe ke kl iuli vnrtuil.  - Ziri mustngncir li neisnstkecni, kl kstu`nietk `kokré prksketir uei shlncntu` vnrtuil `nrndn`i il @nrkcthr `k Kscukli, `ketrh `k lhs `hs (?) `áis féonlks sndunketks `k hcurrn`i li neisnstkecni.  - @k prhck`kr li mustngncicnóe, kl @nrkcthr `k Kscukli chauenci il `hcketk `k li isndeituri i li quk eh isnstnó kl kstu`nietk, piri chehcnanketh. Kl `hcketk `k li isndeituri chesndeiré kstk fkcfh chah neisnstkecni mustngnci`i, `k icukr`h i lh kstnpuli`h ke kl sálioh.  - Kl láantk `k neisnstkecnis mustngnci`is icuauli`is ks `kl 3: %. Li mustngncicnóe `k li neisnstkecni eh hthrdi `krkcfh il kstu`nietk `k rkcupkrir lis clisks pkr`n`is, sne kaoirdh puk`k vkr lis sksnheks drioi`is `k lis clisks, lis cuilks kstirée `nsphenolks shlh phr `hs skaieis `k rkilnzi`is kstis. _kspkcth i lis kviluicnheks quk eh pu`h rke`nr y quk kstuvnkrhe prhdriai`is ke li gkcfi quk eh isnstnó, kstis skrée rkprhdriai`is.  - Li chaprhoicnóe `k th`h tnph h netketh `k griu`k ke cuilqunkr ghrai `k kviluicnóe skré chesn`kri`i gilti drivk, sk rkdnstriré li cilngncicnóe `k ckrh (::) ke li kviluicnóe rkspkctnvi. Kl `hcketk `kokré neghrair kstk fkcfh il @nrkcthr `k Kscukli piri kl nencnh `k lis iccnheks `nscnplneirnis chrrksphe`nketks. 7.? Snstkai `k cilngncicnóe Górauli piri li hotkecnóe hotkecnóe `k li ehti `k rksulti`h `k iprke`nzimk _I) _I 1 prhak`nh (Cilngncicnheks hotken`is ke sus ne`nci`hrks) Kviluicnóe _ksulti`h `k iprke`nzimk Eº :9 (_I9) _ksulti`h `k iprke`nzimk Eº :? (_I?)

[en`i` ks) ke li s) quk sk trioimi

Zksh

Eº `k kviluicnheks

N NN

:.7; :.3;

:3 :9

Phtil `k kviluicnheks prhdriai`is Górauli piri li hotkecnóe hotkecnóe `k li ehti gneil `k li isndei isndeituri turi EG) EG 1 EG 1 _I9(:.7;) + _I?(:.3;)

WNN.

_KGK_KECNIS 4.9 _kgkrkecnis [SIP • Okkr, Mhfesthe K.2 Akcéenci `k Aitkrnilks, K`nthrnil AcDriwFnll. Aîxnch, ?::6. •• Dkrk, A.2 Akcéenci `k Aitkrnilks, K`nthrnil Pfhapshe. Aîxnch, ?::7. Dkrk, Miaks Pnahsfkebh.2 Akcéenci `k Aitkrnilks, K`nt. Nokrhiaîrnci, Aîxnch, 9>>3. • Fnooklkr, _.C2 Akcéenci `k Aitkrnilks, K`nt. Zkirshe K`ucicnóe, Aîxnch, ?::7. • Zhphv, K.2 Akcéenci `k Sóln`hs, K`nt. Zkirshe K`ucicnóe, Aîxnch, ?:::.

:0

 

4.? _kgkrkecnis chaplkaketirnis • Gkh`hsnkv W. N.2 _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, K`nt. AN_, Ahscý, 9>6: • Anrhlnýohv N.2 Zrholkais `k _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, K`nt. AN_, Ahscý, 9>46. • Zytkl-Snedkr2 _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, K`nthrnil Ilgihakdi. Aîxnch, 9>>0. • _nlky, Sturdks, Ahrrns2 Akcéenci `k Aitkrnilks. K`nt. Lnausi Tnlky. Aîxnch, ?::9. Kelicks `k Netkrekt • Ke`urkcnanketh phr `kghraicnóe `k ue aktil _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/V[i-03wT4@6 • Kesiyh `k chaprksnóe `k prhokti cnláe`rnci `k fhrandóe `k ilti rksnstkecni _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/>cq0l-mpcTK • Kesiyh `k chaprksnóe `k prhoktis cnláe`rncis `k fhrandóe _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/I_XgmaW?Apb • Kesiyh `k glkxnóe `k uei vndi `k fhrandóe _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/ZYlNnpAhbq0 • Kesiyh `k triccnóe _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/@6[0D;bcpcA • Kesiyh `k triccnóe `k uei prhokti `k ickrh `k ilti rksnstkecni _kcupkri`h _ kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/;Yiqwa]4Snc • Kesiyh `k triccnóe `k uei prhokti `k ilkicnóe `k iluanenh _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/f@XEMi]NpP: • Kesiyh `k triccnóe `k uei prhokti `k Chork ke`urkcn`i ke gráh (vá`kh icklkri`h x?:) _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/VPgAbOn[VHI • Kesiyh `k triccnóe `k uei prhokti `k Chork rkchcn`i (vá`kh icklkri`h x?:) _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/EagZWkq`IBK • Kesiyh `k triccnóe `k uei prhokti `k pléstnch Zhlnktnlkeh `k ilti `kesn`i` _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/N?6a0G]zqrh • Kesiyhs piri li `ktkraneicnóe `k lis prhpnk`i`ks akcéencis `k lhs aitkrnilks. Zrhdriai `k kxtkesnóe HCT _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//hcw.kfu.kus/  • Zrukoi `k napicth `k Cfirpy (kxplncicnóe ke nedlîs) _kcupkri`h `k= fttps=//yhutu.ok/X3vdv-N36_w 4.3 Nevkstndicnheks `k `hcketks

WN WNNN NN..

Z_ Z_HD HD_I _IAI AICN CNÓE ÓE @K I ICP CPNW NWN@ N@I@ I@KS KS

 

[en`i` `n`éctnci Eº :9= KSG[K_]HS ^ @KGH_AICNHEKS @KGH_AICNHEKS Sksnóe  Eº / ``-aa) 9 / 0 `k skptnka skptnkaork ork

Chetken`hs 9.9 Ilciecks `k li _ksnstkecni `k Aitkrnilks, cukrphs `kghraiolks. 9.? Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks. 9.3 Fnpótksns `k Eivnkr. 9.0 Zrnecnpnh `k Sinet Wkeiet, checketricnóe `k ksgukrzhs. 9.; @kghraicnheks lhedntu`neilks, uentirnis, triesvkrsilks y `k `nsthrsnóe.

Ictnvn`i`ks • Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k lhs ilciecks `k li isndeituri `k rksnstkecni `k aitkrnilks, utnlnzie`h, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k plitighrai zhha. li clisk, utnlnzie`h li

? / 4 -99 `k skptnkaork

9.7 Lky `k Fhhbk, Ah`ulh `k Klistncn`i`, @nsthrsnóe, Chkgncnketk `k Zhnsshe, Ah`ulh `k Chrtk. 9.4 Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks lhedntu`neilks y triesvkrsilks. 9.6 Chaphrtianketh kléstnch, chaphrtianketh pléstnch, glukecni, rhturi.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k lhs ilciecks `k li lky `k fhhbk, isnansah `ksirrhllir prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

3 / 90 -96 `k skptnkaork

9.> Kxndkecnis phr _ksnstkecni y phr Skrvncnh. 9.9: Ksgukrzh [ltnah, Ksgukrzh I`ansnolk. 9.99 Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks ke klkakeths

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k lhs ksgukrzhs ýltnahs y i`ansnolk, `ksirrhlli che prictnci `kisnansah li tkhrái rklicnhei`i prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

cirdi`hs uenghrak.ixnilaketk, `k skccnóe uenghrak y eh-

0 / ?9 `k skptnk skptnkaork aork

9.9? @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs ixnilks, lky quk rndk li `nstrnoucnóe `k lhs ansahs. 9.93 Ksgukrzhs chrtietks phr puezheianketh. 9.90 Ksgukrzhs ixnilks ke pliehs pkrpke`nculirks p krpke`nculirks y ke pliehs holncuhs. 9.9; Ieélnsns ke klkakeths chapuksths `k aés `k ue aitkrnil.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k lhs ksgukrzhs ixnilks, puezheianketh, puezheiank eth, pliehs neclnei`hs, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

; / ?; `k skptnk skptnkaork aork

9.97 Ieélnsns `k klkakeths kstétnciaketk ne`ktkranei`hs. 9.94 Ieélnsns `k klkakeths shaktn`hs i su pksh prhpnh y i cirdis `nstrnoun`is. 9.96 Ieélnsns `kl chaphrtianketh phr kgkcths tîranchs, che krrhrks `k lhedntu` h `kghraicnóe prkvni.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k lhs ksgukrzhs ixnilks, kstîtnciaketk ne`ktkranei`hs, ne`ktkranei`hs, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

Kviluicnheks

 

7 / ?6 `k skptnk skptnkaork aork

9.9> @nakesnheianketh phr ksgukrzhs ixnilks, iplistianketh.

4 / ? `k hctuork

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha. • Kviluicnóe e½ 9 Kl `hcketk hgrkck lis ne`ncicnheks dkekrilks piri li rkilnzicnóe `k li prictnci2 piutis, nestruccnheks,phrtighlnh ktc. utnlnzie`h chegkrkecni, vnrtuil.li vn`kh Kl kstu`nietk `ksirrhlli li shlucnóe `kl kxiake préctnch kstie`h chekcti`h ke th`h ahaketh ke zhha che kl `hcketk y pirtncnpie`h prkduetie`h `urietk th`h kl `ksirrhllh `kl tnkaph. Lukdh rkantk su shlucnóe i trivîs `kl iuli vnrtuil utnlnzie`h tirki.

6 / ; `k hctuork

9.?: Klkakeths shaktn`hs i glkxnóe, `nidriais `k ahakeths y `k chrtietks. 9.?9 _klicnheks ketrk Ahakeths, Chrtietks y Curvituri.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k `nidriais `k ahakeths y gukrzis chrtietks phr ahaketh glkcthr, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéancirklicnhei`i `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

> / > -9? `k hctuork

9: / 97 -9> `k hctuork

9.?? @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs phr glkxnóe ke uei `nrkccnóe, lky quk rndk li virnicnóe `k lhs ansahs, célculh `k li uoncicnóe `kl kmk ekutrh. 9.?3 Ieélnsns `k vndis `k skccnóe snaîtrnci, `k skccnóe isnaîtrnci, vndis fukcis.

9.?0 Ieélnsns `k vndis chapukstis `k `ngkrketks aitkrnilks, rklicnóe ah`ulir, crntkrnh `k li skccnóe triesghrai`i. 9.?; Ieélnsns `k vndis che cirdi neclnei`i, che rkspkcth i su skccnóe triesvkrsil.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs `k glkxnóe, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha. • Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= che tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs `k vndis chapukstis, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

• Kxiake E½ :9 (Kviluicnóe Eº :9)

 

99 / ?3 -?7 `k hctuork

9.?7 Cish `k glkxnóe onixnil. 9.?4 @nakesnheianketh phr glkxnóe.

9? / 3: `k hctuork

93 / ? `k ehvnka ehvnkaork ork

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs `k glkxnóe onixnil, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha. •lisKvne`ncicnheks iluicnóe e½ ?dkekrilks Kl `hckepiri tk hgrlikck rkilnzicnóe `k li prictnci2 piutis, nestruccnheks, ktc. utnlnzie`h li vn`kh chegkrkecni, phrtighlnh vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk `ksirrhlli li shlucnóe `kl kxiake préctnch kstie`h chekcti`h ke th`h ahaketh ke zhha che kl `hcketk y pirtncnpie`h prkduetie`h `urietk th`h kl `ksirrhllh `kl tnkaph. Lukdh rkantk su shlucnóe i trivîs `kl iuli vnrtuil utnlnzie`h tirki.

9.?6 Li Phrsnóe, chrtietk phr thrsnóe. 9.?> Ksgukrzhs y `kghraicnheks `kon`hs i li thrsnóe ke klkakeths `k skccnóe cnrculir sóln`i. 9.3: @nstrnoucnóe netkrei `k lhs ksgukrzhs chrtietks `kon`hs i li thrsnóe, lky quk rndk li virnicnóe `k lhs ansahs.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs phr chrtietks phr thrsnóe, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isnshork chahlhpirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

90 / 7 -> `k ehvnkaork

9.39 Li thrsnóe ke klkakeths `k pirk` `kldi`i y `k pirk` druksi. 9.3? Li thrsnóe ke klkakeths ionkrths y ckrri`hs. 9.33 Li thrsnóe ke skccnheks snaîtrncis, thrsnóe `k Sinet Wkeiet. 9.30 Li thrsnóe ke skccnheks isnaîtrncis, thrsnóe phr iliokh. 9.3; Checkpth `k cketrh `k chrtk phr thrsnóe, naphrtiecni `kl ansah, célculh `k su uoncicnóe ke skccnheks ionkrtis.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs ke klkakeths `k pirk` `kldi`i, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

9; / 93 -97 `k ehvnkaork

9.37 Ieélnsns `k vndis che thrsnóe eh-uenghrak. 9.34 @nakesnheianketh phr thrsnóe.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs eh uenghraks y rkilnzi `nakesnheianketh, `nakesnheianketh, `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

• Kxiake EºEº :? (Kviluicnóe :?)

 

97 / ?: `k ehvnkaork

• Kviluicnóe e½ 3 Kl `hcketk hgrkck lis ne`ncicnheks dkekrilks piri li rkilnzicnóe `k li prictnci2 piutis, nestruccnheks, ktc. utnlnzie`h li vn`kh chegkrkecni, phrtighlnh vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk `ksirrhlli li shlucnóe `kl kxiake préctnch kstie`h chekcti`h ke th`h ahaketh ke zhha che kl `hcketk y pirtncnpie`h prkduetie`h `urietk th`h kl `ksirrhllh `kl tnkaph. Lukdh rkantk su shlucnóe i trivîs `kl iuli vnrtuil utnlnzie`h tirki.

• Kxiake E½ :3 (Kviluicnóe Eº :3)

[en`i` `n`éctnci Eº :?= KSG[K_]HS CHAONEI@HS, CHAONEI@HS, C_NPK_NH @K GILLIS @K CI_DI KSPIPNCI Sksnóe  Eº / ``-aa)

Chetken`hs

Ictnvn`i`ks

94 / ?3 -?4 `k ehvnkaork

?.9 Ksgukrzhs chaonei`hs lhedntu`neilks y triesvkrsilks. ?.? Chaoneicnóe `k Glkxnóe aés Ixnil, Glkxnóe aés Chrtietk, Glkxnóe aés Phrsnóe, Chrtietk aés Phrsnóe.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs chaonei`hs, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

96 / 3: -0 `k `ncnkaork

?.3 Wirnicnóe `k lhs ksgukrzhs, skdýe li hrnketicnóe. ?.0 Ksgukrzhs prnecnpilks, plieh `k lhs ksgukrzhs prnecnpilks. ?.; Pkhrái `kl Cárculh `k Ahrf. ?.7 Wirnicnóe trn`nakesnheil `k lhs ksgukrzhs.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis,

?.4 Ah`hs y crntkrnhs `k gilli= gricturi, glukecni, `kghraicnheks kxcksnvis. ?.6 Crntkrnhs piri `ktkraneir li glukecni ke aitkrnilks `ýctnlks. ?.> Crntkrnhs piri `ktkraneir li gricturi ke aitkrnilks grédnlks. ?.9: Neckrtn`uaork y gicthr `k skdurn`i`.

• Kl `hcketk `ksirrhlli che gue`iaketh lhs siokrks= tkhráis, keghquks, `k crntkrnhs `k gillis `k cirdi kstitnci, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isnshork chahlhpirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

9> / 4 `k `ncnka `ncnkaork ork

keghquks, `k ksgukrzhs che cnrculh `k ahfr, isnansah `ksirrhlli prictnci `k li tkhrái rklicnhei`i che prholkais `k li vn`i rkil. utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha, ppt, vn`kh, plitighrai vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk pirtncnpi ghraulie`h chesultis y/h netkrrhdietks shork lh kxpuksth phr kl `hcketk, isn chah pirtncnpi `neéanci `k lhs kstu`nietks ke uei `nscusnóe rklicnhei`i che kl tkai `k clisk `urietk kl `ksirrhllh `k li clisk, utnlnzie`h li plitighrai zhha.

?: / 99 `k `ncnkaork

• Kviluicnóe e½ 0 Kl `hcketk hgrkck lis ne`ncicnheks dkekrilks piri li rkilnzicnóe `k li prictnci2 piutis, nestruccnheks, ktc. utnlnzie`h li vn`kh chegkrkecni, phrtighlnh vnrtuil. Kl kstu`nietk `ksirrhlli li shlucnóe `kl kxiake préctnch kstie`h chekcti`h ke th`h ahaketh ke zhha che kl `hcketk y pirtncnpie`h prkduetie`h `urietk th`h kl `ksirrhllh `kl tnkaph. Lukdh rkantk su shlucnóe i trivîs `kl iuli vnrtuil utnlnzie`h tirki.

?9 / 90 -96 `k

• Ketrkdi ehti y prhak`nh gneil

`ncnkaork

Kviluicnheks

• Kxiake E½ :0 (Kviluicnóe Eº :0)