Research Problem

ESEARCH PROBLEM

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TITLE  Brief 20 words  Function words not included

TITLE  Variables  Relationship among  variables

 Target population

 Variables

 Variables • Properties being investigated such as height, social class, sex, vocabulary level, spelling/test scores, intelligence quotient

 TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF VARIABLES

VARIABLES 1. Dependent and Independent

2. Discrete and Continuous

3. Active and  Attributive

4. Intervening and Extraneous

1. Dependent and Independent

2. Discrete and Continuous

3. Active and  Attributive

4. Intervening and Extraneous

INDEPENDENT • The cause or stimulus that brings change in a situation or a phenomenon

EXAMPLE • Effects of educational qualification •  Age • Learning modes • Teaching styles

DEPENDENT

• Response or outcome of the change brought about by the independent variable

EXAMPLE • Change in behavior • Performance • Study habits

DISCRETE • One that can take only a finite or potentially countable set of values

Example

• Members of the family • Number of students

CONTINUOUS • Take only infinite set of values

• Height • Weight • Age • Distance

 ACTIVE

• Can be directly manipulated by the researchers

• Method of teaching • Method of grouping

• Can not be manipulated by the researchers

• Sex

• Race •  Age • Social class

 ATTRIBUTIVE

INTERVENING

• Variables that interfere with the independent and dependent variables but its effect can either strengthen or weaken the two variables

EXAMPLE X – independent variable ( Teaching Style) Y- dependent variable ( Pupil’s performance) Z- intervening variable ( age, gender,attitudes)

EXTRENEOUS

• Variables that are uncontrolled, outside of the study which might lead to contamination of the result

EXAMPLE • Personality of the teacher • Intelligence of the students • Time of the classes are taught • Textbook used

EXERCISE

STUDY GROUPS AND ITS EFFECTS TO THE STUDENT’S TEST SCORES

The Effect of a Training Program on the Visual Sequential Memory of Deaf Children

 Age, Sex, I.Q, and Entrance Examination Scores in Certain Piagetian Tasks of Manila Science High School Students