Reseña de La Caja Negra de Darwin

 

  Ldgold` W@OA Wodvgrsdf`f @utüojb` fg Ougvj Agüo rldgold`Kb`da.u`oa.bx  D\\O (Ugrsdüo dbprgs`)3 06;7-4088 BÄ]DLJ

 

>;;< Gfu`rfj Gstr`f` ^G\GÐ@ FG ‑A@ L@C@GUJAWLDÜO‒ OGH^@ FG F@^XDO. GA ^GVJ3 FG A@ NDJPWÂBDL@ @ A@ FG BDLM@GA C. NGMG Ldgold` W@OA, cuadj-sgptdgbnrg, `ðj/vja. UD, oóbgrj ;;< Wodvgrsdf`f @utüojb` fg Ougvj Agüo Bjotgrrgy, Bäxdlj pp. 6;7-6;8

 

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 p` r` dbpjog  p`r` db pjogrsg rsg ljbj uo uo`` dfgjajhâ dfg jajhâ`. `. [`r` prjn`r aj `otgrdjr, n`st` ljo jnsgrv`r jnsgrv `r fgtgodf`bgotg go aj qug sg m`o ljov ljovgrtdfj grtdfj a`s a`s rga rga`ldjogs `ldjogs mub`mub `o`s n`cj ga sdhoj fg gst` dfg`. @ahj sdbda`r ag ag jlurrdü ` @angrt Gdostg Gdostgdo do lu`ofj lu`o fj gxpusj su tgjrâ` tgjrâ` fg a`a` rga`tdrga`tdvdf`f. vd f`f. Fg prjotj, ga buofj pgrfdü p grfdü ga

 pu gst`s  pugs t`s fg bjaä bjaälua` lua`ss j gagl gagltrjog trjogss qug rg`adz`o rg`adz`o uo` sgrd s grdgg fg sje sjedstd dstdl`f`s l`f`s `ltdvdf`fgs. Ljo ga tärbdoj fg l`c` oghr` Ngmg fgt`aa` uo fdspjsdtdvj ‑qug m`lg `ahj pgrj qug su euoldjo`bdgotj o`b dgotj gs bdstgrd bdstg rdjsj‒. jsj‒. Ga Ga `utjr ljosdfgr` qug ga f`rwdodsbj sg m` goljotr`fj su l`c` oghr` go ajs prjlg-

vdrhdo`a qug aj rghâ` p`r` vjal`rsg`nsjautdsbj go a` dolgrtdfubnrg fga rga`tdvdsbj. @ltu`abgotg, go ga p`ojr`b` fg a` ldgold`, pjl`s jnr`s fgfdl`f`s ` gxpjogr a`s fdslrgp`old`s fg a` gvjauldüo f`rwdod`o` ljo jtr`s r`b`s fga Ljrpus ldgotâedlj m`o vdstj a` auz. Go gstg l`sj gst`bjs m`na`ofj fg a` ndjquâbdl` y sus óatdbjs m`aa`zhjs. A` l`c` oghr` fg F`rwdo  gs ga tâtuaj fga tgxtj gslrdtj pjr ga prjegsjr  `sjld`fj fg f g a` Wodvgrsdf`f fg Agmdhm, Agmdhm, [gosdav`od`, [gosdav `od`, Bd Bdlm`g lm`gaa C. Ngmg. [grj sd

sjs ndjquâbdljs y` qug lu`ofj tr`t` fg gxpadl`r ga jrdhgo y ajs bgl`odsbjs fg gstjs egoübg egoübgojs, ojs, sg vugavg vugavg dogedl`z p`r` `njrf`rajs. A` sghuof` s ghuof` p` rtg ljbprgofg ajs l`pâtuajs l`p âtuajs ‑furjs ‑furjs‒. ‒. @quâ ga `u `utjr tjr tr`t` fg gxpadl`r a`s gstrultur`s qug dotgrvdgogo vd gogo y a`s dotgr`lldjogs dotgr`lldjogs quâbdl`s aagv`f`s ` l`nj ` odvga bjaglua`r, qugrdgofj sgr aj bàs la`rj y sgoldaaj  pjsdnag. Ljbdgoz` Ljbdgoz` gst` sghuof` s ghuof` p`rtg p `rtg m`ldgofj uo` ljovdolgotg `o`ajhâ` gotrg ougstr` tglojajhâ` `ltu`a y a`s fdstdot`s fdstd ot`s t`rg`s qug goergot`o a`s lä-

M` sdhaj y bgfdj qug sg punadlü a` tgjrâ` fg a` gvjauldüo fg Lm`rags F`rwdo, äst` m` fgbjstr`fj sgr aj suedldgotgbgotg ljosdstgotg ljbj p`r` vgolgr ajs gbn`tgs fg ajs qug m`o  prgtgofdfj  prgtgof dfj fgrrdn`ra`. fgrrdn`ra`. Bàs `óo, `ó o, ljbj ljb j tjf` dfg` qug sg prgldg fg sgr rgvj-

ga ojbnrg fg la`rj gstg adnrj ojp`r` gs ajs`ngr  suedldgotgbgotg ljbj fg quä sg tr`t`, ga suntâtuaj gxpjog la`r`bgotg la`r`bgo tg su prjpüsdtj3 prjpüsdtj3 a`oz`r uo rgtj ` a` tgjrâ` fg a` gvjauldüo fgsfg ga tgrrgoj fg a` ndjquâbdl`. A` jnr`, luy` prgsgot`ldüo gstà  ndgo ludf` ludf`f` f`,, ljos ljost` t` fg < 5 6 pà pàhdhdo`s rgp`rtdf`s go trgs trgs sglldjogs. Go a` prdbgr` prdbgr` ga `utjr prjpjog su tgsds  prdo ldp ldp`` a3 qu g ` a` gvjau ldüo f` rwdod`o` fgng fg fdslutârsgag ` odvga bjaglua`r. @ahj qug ojs m`lg rgljrf`r ajs óatdbjs `fga`otjs tglojaühd-

aua`s fgojs y rgprjfuldr go a` vdf`. vsu df`.`eào Ngmg osjstgogr js fdlg qug g xdsgx tgo läaua`s ‑bglàodl`s‒ qug hgogr`o gogrhâ` ljbj ljbj ajs ajs bósluajs, j läaua`s ‑gagltrüodl`s‒ ljbj ajs ogrvdjs, qug tr`ospjrt`o ajs dbpuasjs gaältrdljs. M`lg äoe`sds go a` fdegrgold` gotrg a` ljoej ljoejrb`ldüo rb`ldüo fg gst`s ‑ndjbàqudo`s‒ mglm`s óodl`bgotg fg  prjtgâo` , y oj fg bg bgt`a t`a y/j paàstdlj. paà stdlj. [jstgrdjrbgotg gxpjog ajs bgl`odsbjs y a`s euoldjogs fg a`s bdsb`s. @quâ l`ng fgst`l`r qug a` tgsds fg Ngmg sg rgedgrg ` a` vdf` go tjf`s sus

auldjo`rd`, ga gvjauldjodsbj gvjauldjodsbj m` rgn`s`fj ajs l`ulgs fga ljojldbdgotj

ljs fg a` o`ojtja o `ojtjajhâ jhâ`, `, fjofg sgljbm`o fgs`rrjaa`fj bdlrjbàqudo`s

ejrb`s9 `odb`ags, vghgt`ags vdrus, pjrsg`o gcgbpaj9 y ojs rglugrf`j

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qug t`b ndäo gxdstgo gxdstgo läaua`s läaua`s qug sjo s jo vgrf`fgr`s pa`ot`s fg gogrhâ` `a dotgrvgodr go ga prjlgsj fg ejtjsâotgsds. [`r` Ngmg, a`s bjaälua`s sjo ljbj bàqudo`s. Bàqudo`s bjaglua`rgs qug tr`sa`f`o uo l`rh`bgotj fg uo auh`r ` jtrj, jtrj, bgl`odsbjs qug `l-

0480, sg euofü ga Cjuro`a je Bjaglua`r Gvjautdjo, fgfdl`fj gxlausdv`bgotg ` a`s dovgstdh`ldjogs jrdgot`f`s ` gxpadl`r lübj aaghü ` gxdstdr a` vdf` vd f` ` odvga bjaglua`r. bjaglua`r. Go gst` punadl`ldüo, ajs tr`n`cjs dotgrgs`fjs go a` sâotgsds quâbdl` fg a`s bjaälua`s ljosdfgr`f`s oglgs`rd`s p`r` ga jrd-

`ltdvdf`f ndja `ltdvdf`f ndjaühd ühdl` l` ótda9 uo prjnagb` quâbdlj bulmj bàs b às fde fdeâld âldaa qug ga qug qu g dbpadl` prjfuldrajs. A` fdedluat`f fdedluat`f p`r` p` r` goh`rz`r `bdojàldfjs ljosdstg go qug, quâbdl`bgotg, dbpadl` a` gadbdo`ldüo fg uo` bjaälua bjaälua`` fg ` hu` pjr  l`f` `bdojàldfj uodfj ` a` lrgldgotg l`fgo` fg prjtgâo`s y, ` a` dovgr-

tó`o ljbj l`nags, sjh`s y pjag`s. A `s bjaälua`s `ltdv`o y fgs` fgs`ltdv ltdv`o `o aa`vgs lgaua`rgs, ` vglgs b`t`ofj ` a` läaua` j m`ldäofja` m` ldäofja` lrglgr. lrglgr. Bàqudo`s qug `ltó`o ljbj pa`ot`s fg gogrhâ` sja`r, l`ptur`ofj a` gogrhâ` fg ajs ejtjogs y `ab`lgoàofja` go gagbgotjs quâbdljs. Bàqudo`s b`oue`lturgr`s qug ljostruygo jtr`s bàqudo`s bjaglua bjaglua`rgs. `rgs. ºGol`c`o gsg stjs prjlgsjs fg a` vdf` go a` tgjrâ` fg a` gvjauldüo fg F`rwdo: “sg prghuot` ga `utjr. T `a rgspgltj sgð`a`3 ‑@a dovgstdh`r a` ndnadjhr`eâ` ldgotâedl`

hgo%fgfga`ajs vdf` ljostdtuygo 0; punadl`fjs go gasüaj CBG.uo CBG . @ ljotdou`ldüo Ngmg gxpa gxpadl` dl` a`s l`r`ltgrâstdl`s l`r`ltgrâstd l`s fga laàsdlj gxpgrdbgogxpgrdbgotj fg \t`oagy \t` oagy Bda Bdaagr agr,, qug, q ug, pjr sgr m`rm `rtj ljojldfj, oj aj gxpjofrgbjs `quâ,  pgrj ljo ga lu` a Bdaa Bdaagr gr qudsj qu dsj ljojlgr  ljo jlgr  quä sunst`old`s sg pjfâ`o prjfuldr  go uo` `tbüse `tbüsegr` gr` sdbua`f` qug ljotuvdgr` bgt`oj, `bjoâ`lj, v`pjr fg `hu` g mdfrühgoj. A` ljolausdüo qug ga `utjr gxtr`g gxtr`g fg f g gstg gs tg gxpgrdbgo gxpgrdbgotj tj aj m`lg lrdtdl`r ajs rgsuat`fjs, pjrqug `edrb` `ed rb` qug ajs gagbgo gagbgotjs tjs qug Bda Bdaagr  agr 

s`, a` prgsgold` prgsgold ` fgqug `hu` domdng ` ajs ajs `bdojàldfjs p`r` ejrbgo prjtgâo`s. T ljbj ga `hu` gs t`o `nuof`otg go a` tdgrr` y ajs `bdojàldfjs sg fdsugavgo eàldabgotg go gaa`, ajs gspgld`ad gspg ld`adst`s st`s qug dovgstdh`o ga jrdhgo jrdhgo fg a` vdf` m`o tgodfj qug prjpjogr  ldrluost`old`s ldr luost`old`s dousdt`f`s p`r` sjrtg`r  gstg prjna prjnagb`. gb`. Ngmg t`bndäo bgoldjo` qug go ajs tr`n`cjs punadl`fjs go ga CBG süaj uo 7% gstà fgfdl`fj ` a` lrg`ldüo fg bjfgajs b`tgbàtdljs fg a` gvjauldüo y qug `óo `sâ, gstjs bj-

sjnrg jrdhgo, jrdhgo, gvjauldüobjaglugvjauldüo y ga fgs`rrjaajga fg gst`sa`bàqudo`s a`rgs qug sjo ga sustgotj fg a` vdf`, ojs m`aa`bjs ljo uo sdagoldj sdagoldj tjt`a y  pgrturn`  pgrt urn`fjr‒. fjr‒. Go ajs l`pâtuajs qug ljoejrb`o a` tgrlgr` tgrlgr` p` rtg fg gst` gs t` jnr`, ga `utjr   p`s`  p` s` rgvdst` ` `ahuo `ahuojs js fg ajs tr`n`  cjs ndjquâbdljs n djquâbdljs qug sg m` m`oo pu punadl`nadl`fj n`cj ga gol`ngz`bdgotj fg ‑gvjauldüo‒.. @mâ auldüo‒ @mâ `edrb` `edrb` qug ga pgos`b pgos `bdgodgotj gvjauldjodst` ljbgozü ` sgr `padl`fj ` a`s bjaälua`s `a fgslunrdrsg a` n`sg bjaglua`r fg a` vdf`. Lu`ofj

utdad utdadzü zü p`r` jntgog r ajs jntgogr `bdojàldfjs `bdojà ldfjs eugrjo ljoedhur`fjs y prgfgtgrbdo`fjs pjr äa bdsbj “`ahj qug o`tur`abgotg oj mundgr` pjfdfj sgr pjsd nag“. ‑A ‑A`s `s ljocgt ljocgtur`s ur`s qug mdzj Bdaagr  Bdaagr  `lgrl` fg a`s sunst`old`s qug gst` n`o fdsp fdspjodnags jodnags go a` tdgrr` prdbdtdv`, sjo uo puotj fg p`rtdf` oglgs`rdj. rd j. Ga trulj trulj gs trd trdn` n` go qug ga dovgstdh`fjr gadc` uo puotj fg p`rtdf` prj n`nag  n`n ag y rgtdr`r a`s b` b`ojs ojs‒, ‒, sjs sjstdgog tdgog Ngmg. Ljostrudr `bdojàldfjs oj gs ljofdldüo sdog qu qu``oj ojoo p`r` lrg`r a` vdf`. vdf`.

fgajs b`tgb b`tgbàtdljs àtdljs ‑süaj ‑süaj pjr sgot`fj qug a` gvjauldüo fgaf`o buofj rg`a gs uo prjlgsj hr`fu`a y `ag`tjrdj go ga tdgbpj, pgrj oj aj fgbugstr`, od  pugfg  pu gfg fgb fgbjstr` jstr`raj‒ raj‒.. Odohuo Odohuojj fg f g ajs tr`n`cjs punadl`fjs go ga ldt`fj CBG m` prjpugstj uo bjfgaj vgrf`fgr`bgotg fgt`aa`fj fjofg uo sdstgb`  ndjquâbdlj  ndjquâb dlj ljbpagcj ljb pagcj m` m ` pjfdfj prjfuldrsg fuldr sg fg b`ogr` hr`fu` hr`fu`aa y f`rwdod`o`. @a rgspgltj, Ngmg rgeagxdjo` y sgð`a`3 ‑Go a`s pàhdo`s fga fg a CBG CBG o`fdg sg m` prghuot`fj, ºlübj sg fgs` rrj rrjaaaaüü ga lgotrj lgo trj fg rg`lldüo rg` lldüo ejtjejtj-

`ubgotü a` l`otdf`f fg l`bpj, tr`n`cjs go fg dovgstdh`ldüo go gstg

M`y uodr `bdojàldfjs  p`  p`r` r` qug prjfuldr prjfu ldr ubulmjs o` prjtgâo prjtgâo` ` ljo uo uo``

sdotätdl`: ºLübj ljbgozü tr`os pjrtg dotr`bjaglua` dotr`b jaglua`r: r: ºL ºLübj übjgaljbgoljb go-

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zü a` ndjsâotgsds n djsâotgsds fga f ga ljagstgrja: ºL ºLübj ljbgozü ` p`rtdldp`r a` rgtdo` go a` vdsdüo: Ga sjaj mglmj fg qug odohuoj fg gstjs prjnagb`s sg `njrfg, y bulmj bgojs sg sjauldjog, gs uo eugrtg dofdldj fg qug ga f`rwdodsbj gs uo b`rlj do`fglu`fj p`r` ljb prg of gr ajs sds tg tgb` b` s ndjq ndjquâb uâb dljs

fg a` vdf` sg m`o ljovgrtdfj go uo`  prdjrdf`f p` p`r` r` ajs p` p`âsgs âsgs bdgb bdgbnrjs nrjs fg a` Jrh`odz`ldüo Jrh`odz`ldüo p`r` a` Ljjpgr`Ljjpgr`ldüo y ga Fgs`rrjaaj Gljoübdljs, qug m`o `fjpt`fj fdvgrs`s gstr`tghd`s rgspgltj ` a` ga`njr`ldüo fg pjaâtdl`s pjaâtdl`s go gsg g sg à bndtj, luyjs sgrvdldjs sgrvdldjs sg vdolua`o ` a`s lrggold`s luatur`ags y sj-

ljbpagcjs‒. T p`r` tgrbdo`r, ga `utjr sg goer`sl` go uo` sgrd sgrdgg fg ljosdfgr ljosdfgr`ldj`ldjogs p`r` fgtgrbdo`r ga pjr quä a` ldgold`` fgsl`rt` ga qug uo` Dotgadldgold Dotgadhgold` \upgrdjr \upgrdjr gstä fgtràs fg a` lrg`ldüo fg a` vdf`. \do pgrfgr a` jpjrtuodf`f fg fgldr qug äa oj gstà ` e`vjr  fga Lrg`ldjodsbj, od bulmj bgojs, sdo gbn`rhj, jnsgrv` ga mglmj dosjsa`y`nag fg qug a` gvjauldüo m` sgrvdfj p`r` gxpadl`r prjlgsjs ljbj ga fgs`rrjaaj fga pdlj fga pdozüo, j a` gvjauldüo fg a`s pgzuð`s fg ajs l`-

ld`ags sjnrg ga p`pga fg a` fg e`bdad`, ga hjndgroj y ajs prjpüsdtjs a` gful`ldüo. Gstg gseugrzj rdofdü sus erutjs ljo ga adnrj Odðjs pgqugðjs, hr`ofgs fgs`eâjs. Gful`ldüo y `tgoldüo go a` doe`old` tgbpr`o`. Go lja`njr`ldüo ljo a` JLFG y a` JGD, ga Ejofj fg Luatur` Gljoübdl` gfdt` gstg tr`n`cj tr`n `cj qug sg ljoldndü ljoldndü go ga `ðj >; ;0 ljbj ljosglugold` fga dotgräs qug bjstr`rjo pjr ga tgb` ajs bdodstrjs fg gful`ldüo fg ajs p`âsgs bdgbnrjs fg a` JLFG JL FG.. Fgagh`fjs fg b às fg f g lu` rgo-

AJ\  ODÐJ  ODÐJ\\  LJBJ EJLJ  FG  @VGOLDÜO ODÐJ\ [GPWGÐJ\ , , H^@OFG\ FG\@EÂJ\ G FWL@LDÜO FWL@LDÜO  T  @VGOLDÜO   @VGOLDÜO VGB[^@O@

 n`  n`aajs. [grj lu`o lufg`ofj fj sg s g tr`t`gafgjrdhgo g xpad-gxpad l`raajs. ga puotj `rr`oqug, fg a` vdf` y su pjstgrdjr gvjauldü gvjauldüo, o, ga  prjegsj  prjeg sjrr Ngm Ngmgg fdlg qu qugg tdgo g qu qugg rglurrdrsg `a ‑mglmj‒ fg qug `ahj dotgadhgotg tgad hgotg pa`ogü pa`og ü g dbpagbgotü dbpagbgo tü ga prjygltj fg a` vdf`. A` jnr` fg Ngmgr, fg gst` ejrb`, `drg` uo pjlj fg a` jrtjfjx jrtjfjxd` d` rgdrgdo`otg go ga buofj ldgotâedlj y pa`otg` uo` pjaäbdl` fg a` lu`a gspgr`bjs qug surc`o ougv`s dovgstdh`ldjogs qug ojs `yufgo ` fgsgotr`ð`r, l`f` vgz bàs, ga bdstgrdj fg ougstrj

^H@ODS@LDÜO [@^@  A@  LJJ[G^@LDÜO  T  GA J FG\@^^JAAJ G LJOÜBDLJ\  J^H@ODS@LDÜO FG G\V@FJ\ DNG^J@BG^DL@OJ\  [@^@ A@ GFWL@LDÜO, A@ LDGOLD@ T A@ LWAVW^@ EJOFJ FG LWAVW^@ GLJOÜBDL@ BÄ]DLJ, >;;>

U`ogss` Mgrrgr`

t` fdslutdgrjo rgsuat`fjs fg p`âsgs gstg doejrbg go sgdsajst`aagrgs g mdldgrjo v`rd`s rgljbgof`ldjogs ` a` JLFG sjnrg ga tr`n`cj ` rg`adz`r p`r` rgspjofgr ` ajs prdoldp`ags rgtjs pjaâtdljs go ga l`bpj fg a` doe`old` tgb pr`o `. Ljo uo go goejqug ejqug bà bàss `b `bpadj padj qug ga fg jtrjs tr`n`cjs `otgrdjrgs,

Ljo erglugold` s g pgrldng pg rldng a` doe`ol doe`old` d` ljbj a` prdbgr` gt`p` fga `prgofdz`cg pgrb`ogotg y ljbj ga ljbpjogotg ogo tg la`vg fg ajs jncgtdvjs jncgtdvjs fg pjaâ pjaâtdtdl` gful` g ful`tdv tdv`, `, sjld`a y e`b e`bdadad`r, d`r, pjr aj

aagv` ` l`nj uo `oàadsds ljbp`r`tdvj fg ajs prdoldp`ags fgs`rrjaajs go pjaâtdl` y fg ajs prjnagb`s qug go gst` àrg` `eglt`o ` fjlg p`âsgs bdgbnrjs fg a` JLFG3 @ustr`ad`, Näahdl`, Fd-

jrdhgo.

qug ga ``ubgotj fg a` go l`adf`f y ga `llgsj a` gful`ldüo gs` gt`p`

o`b`rl`, Gst`fjs ajs Wodfjs, Edoa`ofd`, Dt`ad`, Ojrugh`, [`âsgs N`cjs,

LDGOLD@ W@OA / UJ A. UD, Oj . < , CWADJ -\G[V -\G[VDG DGBN^ BN^G >; ; <

Odðjs pgqugðjs, hr`ofgs fgs`eâjs

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