Report Traverse

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

LABORATORY SHEET

SUBJECT CODE

BFC 20703

PARTIAL CODE

MG 03

PRACTICAL NAME

TRAVERSE (HORIZONTAL CONTROL)

COURSE CODE

BFC 20703

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING GEOMATIC LAB FULL REPORT Subject Code Practical Name Course Code Practical Date Group Group Leader Name

Lecturer’s name/ Instructor/ Tutor Marks

BFC 20703 TRAVERSE ( HORIZONTAL CONTROL ) BFC 20703 6 Faizzatul Aqma binti Md. Noor ( AF130096 ) 1. Fasha Farhana binti Karim ( AF130140 ) 2. Hanif bin Kormain ( CF130177 ) 3. Sharifah Shahida binti Syed Idrus ( AF130140 ) 4. Wahyu Hidayat bin Usman ( AF130083 ) Dr. Mustaffa bin Anjang Ahmad

Introduction Objective Theory Instrument Procedure Data / Table Data Analysis Discussion Presentation / Ploting Calculation / Recommendation Reference Total Mark Comments by Examiner Received

/ 5% / 5% / 10% / 5% / 5% / 10% / 20% / 15% / 10% / 10% / 5% / 100%

1.0 INTRODUCTION Horizontal control is a form of a control survey that requires the establishment of a series of stations that are linked together by angles and distances. The used of horizontal control is very fundamental and has become one of the most common methods in civil engineering work. 2.0 OBJECTIVE To expose students in field work procedures of establishing horizontal control network. 3.0 THEORY In survey, traverse is defined as the field operation of measuring the lengths and directions of a series of straight lines connecting a series of points on the earth. Each of these straight lines is called a traverse line, and each point is called a traverse station. Traverse stations are commonly marked with wooden peg, stake, nail or iron pipe. Traverse lines are measured using the total station. Traversing need to start from reference datum (coordinate, bearing and distance are known). At each traverse station, a horizontal angle is measured and used to determine the bearing and bearing of the next traverse line. These measurements are used to compute the relative horizontal position of each unknown traverse station. The main purposes of traverse are:   

Property surveys to locate and establish boundaries Supplementary horizontal control for topographic mapping surveys Location and construction layout surveys for highways, railways and other private or

public works 4.0 PRACTICE EQUIPMENTS All groups will be issued with the following equipment: No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Items Total Station Prisms Pegs Nails Tripod Hammer

5.0 FIELDWORK PROCEDURES

Quantity 1 2 3 1

I.

Planning and Reconnaissance: Walked over the area in the field and the suitable

II.

traverse for survey work were looked out. Pegging traverse station: Since they will remain for the duration of the survey camp, the line of sight of each control point and its susceptibility to disturbance were considered. Establish datum: The survey need to be start with three known control points. The

III.

distance were measured to the nearest 10 mm and the angle were measured to the nearest 10”. If the measurements differ by more than 30 mm / 20”, the survey IV.

must be repeated or the other control point must be find. There are several steps which should be followed and will lead to a smooth traverse. a) First, the instrument was set up over the station. b) The instrument was levelled and centred. c) The instrument was set to the required datum. d) Face left horizontal reading to backsight station was recorded. (bearing & distance) e) The instrument and sight foresight station was turned. f) Face left horizontal reading to foresight station was recorded. (bearing & distance) g) The instrument was transited from Face Left to Face Right. h) The required datum (bearing) to backsight station was set. i) Face left horizontal reading to backsight station was recorded. (bearing & distance) j) The instrument was turned to face foresight station. k) Face left horizontal reading to foresight station was recorded. l) The mean bearing foresight station was calculated. m) The instrument was moved to the next station (foresight station). n) The next traverse line bearing were respect or correspond to the previous mean bearing.

DATA ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION -

Bearing shoud be read = 306º08’35’’ Bearing read = 306º08’30’’ Misclosure = 306º08’35’’ - 306º08’30’’ = 05’’ Correction = 5/4 = 1.25’’

DISCUSSION

Our group has been given a site to observe the area to measure the length and direction of series of a straight line connecting of point on the earth. We start the fieldwork with observation and making decision of picking point. Four station point has been establishes with marked pickets. The location of each point pick must be free from the disturbance and safe. Traverse station should be numbered continuously clockwise. There are a few factor which might influenced the reading that obtained. There are : 1) Human factor 2) Environment factor

- The readings not consistence due to many observer recorded the value. - The hot weather disturbed the concentration of observer till hard to focus on prism. -The soil :sandy soil weak between the correctivity of each particle and not able to apply load on top of it. So when the instrument applied at the specific areas, the possibilities to obtain error reading more high.

3) Equipment factor

- The total station might be not in good condition.

CONCLUSION Based on the work that we done, we achieved to perform one horizontal traverse control fieldwork. From the booking analysis and calculation, we obtained our linear misclosure is 0.5’’ with four station point. Therefore, the correction for each point is 1’’ . Futhermore our precision is 1:4228.48 . After process the data that we obtained by 2 coordinates and Bowditch rule , we determined that the area of our site that is 922 m