Report Tacheometry

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM DAN ALAM SEKITAR JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

GEOMATIC LABORATORY Subject Code Practicle Title Course Code Date of Practicle No. of Group Group Leader

BFC 2111 TACHEOMETRY G 03 17TH JUNE 2011 THIRTEEN ( 13 )

Name of Group Members

Mohd. Akimullah bin Yazaid ( CF 100468 )

Ahmad Shahrin bin Jamalluddin (CF 100444) Nur Farhana binti Mohd . Syams Baskaran . ( AF 090298 ) Rabi’atul’adawiah binti Mohammed ( AF 090297 ) Nor Shazarina binti Mohd. Noh ( DF 090230 )

Lecturer’s Name

Mark

En. Anuar bin Mohd Salleh En Mohd Khair bin Burhanuddin En Khairul Nizam bin Mohd. Yunus . En. Mohamad Hairi bin Osman Introduction Objective Theory Equipment Procedure Data / Table Data Analysis Discussion Plotting / Present Conclusion / Recommendation Revision Mark

Examiner’s Comment

1.0

Approval Receive

INTRODUCTION

Tacheometric survey (tacheometry) is a system of rapid surveying, by which horizontal and vertical distances of points are obtained by optical measurements avoiding ordinary and slower process of measurements tape or a separate leveling instrument. There are two methods that can be apply and use for tachemeotry which are Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) and Optic Distance Measurement (ODM).

The ordinary methods of surveying with a total station, chain, and levelling instrument are fairly satisfactory when the ground is pretty clear of obstructions and not very precipitous, but it becomes extremely when the ground is covered with bush, or broken up by ravines.

In this practical, we have been using total station we have been using total station which able to read distance by reflecting off a prism. There are two main steps in tachometric surveys; running a traversing around the area to be surveyed and locating details and elevations of the features in the area with reference to the traverse stations.

Otherwise from the horizontal distance, this method also can give the value of the different height between of the two points. Distance measurement of horizontal and vertical by optic also known as total station. The distance of horizontal and vertical are measured by using the suitable formula. The different system also has a different measurement and adjustment

Precision distance and different height which is obtain by using tachometry method by comparing with precise distance and different of the height. All the information about the height was obtain by using traverse and leveling. 2.0

OBJECTIVE •

To produce contour and detail site plan.

•

To produce coordinates for area work and calculations.

•

Produce the topographic and detail plan of the constructioning site building area by using SDR Mapping and Auto CAD.

3.0 EQUIPMENTS Total Station (1 unit

Pole (2 quantities)

Tape ( 1 unit)

Tripod

Mini prism (2 unit)

Pegs

4.0

PROCEDURES

•

Before starting the survey, we need to perform a TBM near to our STATION 1. This is by conducting leveling from point 1 to TBM 5 back to point 1.

•

From the calculation, the RL for TBM=6.571.

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Perform leveling again from TBM to all the STN at our area of survey to get the RL of each STN.

•

Next set up total station on STN 1 and measure the height of instrument.

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Shoot the total station to the pole with a mini prism at STN 2 then set the bearing and measure the height of pole.

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After that, shoot all topography and manmade features inside and within 5m outside the area.

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Then record the bearing, horizontal and vertical distance from total station.

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These process are repeated when the instruments are moved to other stations if found missing or obstruction of the features from the observation points.

•

If there is some details is hidden or cannot be seen, the reserved station can be set up at the nearest station.

5.0

DATA AND ANALYSIS

LEVELING FROM DATUM TO No.

BS

IS

FS

Hoc Rise

Fall

RED. LEVEL

CORRECTION

ADJUSTED LEVEL

DIST.

REMARKS

Error for (BS-FS) = No. BS

IS

FS

Hoc Rise

Error for (Rise – Fall) = Correction =

FROM STATION TO DATUM

Fall

RED. LEVEL

CORRECTION ADJUSTED DIST. REMARKS LEVEL

Error for (BS-FS) = Error for (Rise – Fall) = Correction =

6.0

DISCUSSION

In tachometry, TBM 5 is used as reference with the value is 9.569m. All of the details in the involved area which is ‘green chalet’ should be taken from 5 stations. Automatic level is using to observe leveling, meanwhile total station is using to obtain reduce level and bearing from each station. For the reduce level, it was determined by using this equation;

AL ( Reduce Level ) = AL ( station ) + IH ( height of equipment ) – HT( height of pole ) +/VD ( vertical distance).

Usually in surveying, there are 3 elements which contributing to misclosures. The elements are human and environmental. The human misclosures, is an error while taking the angle reading and distance. For equipment misclosures, there are two main reasons that will cause parallax which is imperfect adjustment and temporary adjustment. Environmental also effect the surveying, the main factor is weathering and ground surface.

7.0

RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Ensure that the total station dan prism are in balance condition with the bubble is in the center. 2. Make sure leveling of that area from all station before tachometry. 3. Definite bearing must be set for every time start the observation from each station. 4. All the details including topograhpy and man made features must be observe. 5. Finish leveling at the same TBM before start the tacheometry work.

8.0

CONCLUSION

From all data and analysis, we have produce a plan with detailing in that area such as leveling, contur line, observation on detail and datum location.

9.0

REFFERENCE 1. Ab. Hamid Mohamed – 2000

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ASAS UKUR KEJURUTERAAN

2. J. UREN AND W.F.PRICE -1994

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SURVEYING FOR ENGINEERS