Renovación de La Carga en 4T

 

Igpïtud` Z   [hl`vgifùl mhiugtr` dg igrcg hlp`s. d`s  o`t`rhs mh tfho tfhop`s.  [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.  Dg rhl`vgifùl rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh i` i`okustfùl okustfùl flthrlg gdthrlgtfv`s hs hhdd  pr`ihs` ohmfglth ohmfglth hd iugd hst`s o o`t`rhs `t`rhs hx hxpudsgl pudsgl d`s cgsh cgshss mh dg þdtfog i`okustfùl h fltr`muihl dg ohzidg lhihsgrfg pgrg dg sfcufhlth. Mfia` pr`ihs` i`lmfif`lg  juhrthohlth hd mfsh÷` y su hstumf` flthrhsg p`r dg fljduhlifg quh tfhlh s`krh dgs  prhstgif`lhs mhd o`t`r (p`thlifg, rhlmfofhlt` y hofsf`lhs i`ltgoflglths). Hl hsth thog sh trgtg dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg mh d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. Ugrg hdd`s, sh mhjflh y sh glgdfzg hd —rhlmfo —rhlmfofhlt` fhlt` v`duoætrfi`‟, pgrçohtr` quh hvgdþg dg hjfifhlifg mh dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl hsth tfp` mh o`t`rhs. Hd hstumf` sh agih mh j`rog i`lihptugd gulquh, gdculgs hiugif`lhs shlifddgs phroftfrçl `kthlhr flthrhsglths i`lidusf`lhs mh mfsh÷`.

 7.- FL][@MXIIFÙL.   ;.- D@Y U[@I U[@IHY@Y HY@Y MH GMOFY GMOFYFÙL FÙL V HYIGUH HYIGUH..   9.- HD [HLMFOFHL]@ Z@DXOÆ][FI@.   =.- [HLMFOF [HLMFOFHL]@ HL]@ Z@DXOÆ][FI@ MHD IF IFID@ ID@ FMHGD.   8.- JGI]@[HY WXH FLJDXVHL HL HD [HLMFOFHL]@ Z@DXOÆ][FI Z@DXOÆ][FI@. @.  8.7.- [hdgifù [hdgifùll mh i`oprh i`oprhsfùl sfùl y rhdgif rhdgifùl ùl mh dgs prhsf` prhsf`lhs lhs mh hsigph y gm gmofsfù ofsfùl. l.  8.;.-- I`op  8.;. I`op`sfifùl `sfifùl mh dg igrcg jrhsig.  8.9.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s vfs vfsi`s`s i`s`s.. Uærmfmgs mmhh prhsfùl p` p`rr jrfiifùl.  8.=.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s tæ tærofi`s rofi`s.. ]rgls ]rglsjhrhlifg jhrhlifg mh igd`r.  8.8.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s hdçs hdçstfi`s. tfi`s. Kd` Kd`quh` quh` mh dg vvçdvudg. çdvudg.  8.:.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s flhrif flhrifgdhs. gdhs. Hjhit` —Grfh —Grfhth‟ th‟ y sflt`lfzgi sflt`lfzgifùl fùl mh sfsthogs mh gmo gmofsfùl fsfùl y hsigph.   :.- [HLMFOF [HLMFOFHL]@ HL]@ Z@DXOÆ][FI@ HL JXLIFÙL MH DG ZHD@IFMGM MH CF[@ MHD O@]@[

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

7.- Fltr`muiifùl. Hsth thog gk`rmg gsphit`s rhdgif`lgm`s i`l dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s (pr`ihs`s mh gmofsfùl y hsigph). Hd pr`pùsft` mh hst`s pr`ihs`s hs gmoftfr igrcg jrhsig pgrg hd ifid` quh i`ofhlzg y, p`sthrf`rohlth, hxpudsgr d`s cgshs rhsfmugdhs mh dg i`okustfùl ulg vhz rhgdfzgmg dg igrrhrg mh trgkgn`. Dg p`thlifg flmfigmg mh ul o`t`r gdthrlgtfv` rhsp`lmh g dg hiugifùl>

(Hi. 7.7)  Hl ul o`t`r mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm`  y g ulg mhthroflgmg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr`, dg ogsg mh gfrh hs hd

þlfi` pgrçohtr`, mh d`s hxfsthlths hl dg hiugifùl glthrf`r, quh puhmh vgrfgr mh j`rog sfclfjfigtfvg. Mh ahia`, hs, kçsfigohlth, qufhl phrofth i`ltr`dgr i`ltr`d gr dg p`thlifg mhd o`t`r. Hl i`lshiuhlifg, pgrg ogxfofzgr dg p`thlifg mh ul o`t`r, quh julif`lg g pdhlg gmofsfùl, sh mhkh fltr`muifr gd ifdflmr` dg ogy`r igltfmgm p`sfkdh mh gfrh.  Hl ul o`t`r mfhshd julif`lglm` g ulg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mgmg, qufhl rhcudg dg p`thlifg mhd o`t`r hs

hd m`sgm`. L` `kstglth, i`o` hd m`sgm` oçxfo` vfhlh dfoftgm` p`r dgs hofsf`lhs i`ltgoflglths ` p`r dg prhsfùl y thophrgturg hl hd flthrf`r mhd ifdflmr`, dg oçxfog p`thlifg vhlmrç mhthroflgmg mh luhv` p`r dg igltfmgm mh gfrh quh shg p`sfkdh fltr`muifr gd o`t`r. Mh hstgs m`s `kshrvgif`lhs glthrf`rhs sh mhmuih quh, flmhphlmfhlthohlth mh iugd shg hd tfp` mh o`t`r, hd prfohr `knhtfv` `knht fv` mhd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg i grcg hl ul o`t`r julif`lglm` g pdhlg igrcg mhkh shr fltr`muifr gd o`t`r dg ogy`r igltfmgm p`sfkdh mh gfrh. Hd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s vfhlh igrgithrfzgm` p`r ul pgrçohtr` mhl`oflgm` rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Hsth pgrçohtr` mhphlmh mh dgs i`lmfif`lhs `phrgtfvgs mhd o`t`r y mhd mfsh÷` mh gdcul`s suksfsthogs mhd o`t`r tgdhs i`o` d`s i`dhit`rhs, i`lmuit`s y vçdvudgs mh gmofsfùl y mh hsigph. Mhkfm` g hdd`, hd jdun` jd un` g trgvæs mh igmg ul` mh mfia`s i`op`lhlths ag sfm` hxthlsgohlth trgtgm` hl dg dfthrgturg. Ugrg guohltgr hd jdun` mh gfrh agifg hd o`t`r y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, su p`thlifg hsphiïjfig, sh rhiurrh i`l jrhiuhlifg g dg s`krhgdfohltgifùl. Hl iugdqufhr igs`, shg hd o`t`r s`krhgdfohltgm` ` l`, dg fop`rtglifg mhd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hs ouy crglmh. Hl o`t`rhs i`lvhlif`lgdhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` , dg igrcg jrhsig hstç j`rogmg p`r gfrh aþohm`, i`okustfkdh y, hl `igsf`lhs, cgshs mh hsigph, sf hd o`t`r mfsp`lh mh sfsthog mh rhifriudgifùl rhifriud gifùl mh cgshs mh hsigph (HC[). U`r hdd`, dg prhpgrgifùl mh dg ohzidg  hs ul `knhtfv` prf`rftgrf` mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl mh mfia`s o`t`rhs. Mfiag prhpgrgifùl hxfch, gmhoçs mh ulg gmhiugmg m`sfjfigifùl mh i`okustfkdh, ulg mfstrfkuifùl ulfj`roh hl igmg ul` mh d`s ifdflmr`s mhd o`t`r. Hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` p`r i`oprhsfùl, hd i`okustfkdh l` j`rog pgrth mh dg ohzidg jrhsig y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, mfiag prhpgrgifùl l` shrç lhihsgrfg. @tr` crgl `knhtfv` g i`lshcufr p`r hd sfsthog mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg d g igrcg mh ul o`t`r mh i`okustfùl flthrlg gdthrlgtfv`, flmhphlmfhlthohlth mh iugd shg su tfp`, hs hd hstgkdhifofhlt`, hl hd flthrf`r mhd ifdflmr`, mhd jdun` mh cgshs gmhiugm` pgrg ddhvgr g igk` hd pr`ihs` mh i`okustfùl i`l ulg rgpfmhz tgd quh cgrgltfih hd julif`lgofhlt` sgtfsjgit`rf` mhd o`t`r. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

;

 

;.- D`s pr`ihs`s mh gmofsfùl y hsigph.

 ;.- D`s pr`ihs`s mh m h gmofsfùl y hsigph. hsi gph. Hl ul o`t`r mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm`, hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl tïpfi` fli`rp`rg hd jfdtr` mh gfrh, hd i`lmuit` mh gmofsfùl, hd sfsthog mh gdfohltgifùl mh i`okustfkdh (igrkurgm`r, flyhit`r i`oþl ` flyhit`rhs flmfvfmugdhs), dg vçdvudg mh ogrfp`sg y hd i`dhit`r, i`d hit`r, dg pfpg y dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. Murglth hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl, mfia`s hdhohlt`s pr`v`igl s`krh hd jdun` quh d`s gtrgvfhsg ulg pærmfmg mh prhsfùl y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, ulg rhmuiifùl mh dg mhlsfmgm mh dg ohzidg ohzidg quh hltrg gd ifd ifdflmr`. flmr`. Hd sfsthog mh hsigph i`lsfsth agkftugdohlth hl ul i`dhit`r mh hsigph, ul tuk` mh hsigph, ul i`lvhrtfm`r igtgdïtfi`, pgrg rhmuifr dgs hofsf`lhs mh hsigph, y ul sfdhlifgm`r. Dg fdustrgifùl ;.7 ouhstrg d`s pr`ihs`s pr`i hs`s mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hl ul o`t`r i`lvhlif`lgd mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm`. Hst`s pr`ihs`s s`l pudsgt`rf`s gulquh, g phsgr mh hdd`, ouia`s mh d`s gsphit`s mh hst`s jdun`s puhmhl shr glgdfzgm`s i`o` sf mh pr`ihs`s iugsfhstgif`lgrf`s sh trgtgsh. D`s vgd`rhs mh prhsfùl quh gpgrhihl hl hd gpgrtgm` (g) mh dg fdustrgifùl hstçl pr`ohmfgm`s hl hd tfhop`. Dg igïmg mh prhsfùl hl hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl mhphlmh mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r, mh dg rhsfsthlifg gd jdun` quh sup`lhl d`s mfjhrhlths hdhohlt`s mhd sfsthog, sfst hog, mh dg shiifùl trglsvhrsgd mh pgs` mhd jdun` jd un` y mh dg mhlsfmgm mh dg ohzidg.

 Fdustrgifùl ;.7.- Ur`ihs`s y sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hl ul OHU.

9

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

Hl hd gpgrtgm` (m) mh dg fdustrgifùl sh ouhstrgl dgs gphrturgs mh dgs vçdvudgs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph g d` dgrc` mh ul ifid` mh julif`lgofhlt`. Hl æd sh gprhifg gprhif g i`o` dg gphrturg mh gokgs vçdvudgs sh pr`muih glths mh d`s pult`s ouhrt`s i`rrhsp`lmfhlths gd ifid` ifid ` fmhgd y i`o` phroglhihl gkfhrtgs agstg mhspuæs mh d`s pult`s ouhrt`s i`rrhsp`lmfhlths gd ifid` fmhgd. fmhgd . Xl mfgcrgog mh mfstrfkuifùl mh hsth tfp` phrofth gpr`vhiagr dg flhrifg mh d`s jdun`s mh gmofsfùl y hsigph ohn`rglm` hd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg. Hd pr`ihs` mh hsigph i`ofhlzg hltrh =5¾ y :5¾ glths mhd UOF. Mhsmh hd o`ohlt` mh gphrturg mh dg vçdvudg agstg hd UOF d`s cgshs sgdhl sgd hl mh j`rog hsp`ltçlhg agifg hd sfsthog sfst hog mh hsigph g igusg mh dg ogy`r prhsfùl hxfsthlth hl hd ifdflmr`. Mhsmh hd UOF agstg hd UOY d`s cgshs mh hsigph s`l kgrrfm`s agifg hd hxthrf`r p`r hd o`vfofhlt` gsihlmhlth mhd pfstùl. Mhsmh hd UOY agstg hd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg, 78¾ ` 95¾ oçs tgrmh, dg phquh÷g vhd`ifmgm mh mhsihls` mhd pfstùl l` i`lsfcuh quh hd jdun` sh flvfhrtg mhkfm` mhkf m` g dg flhrifg mh dg i`duolg mh cgshs sgdfhlths. Dg prfohrg htgpg mhd pr`ihs` rhifkh hd l`okrh mh —hsigph hsp`ltçlh`‟ y dg shculmg —hsigph j`rzgm`‟. Hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl i`ofhlzg hltrh 75¾ y ;5¾ glths glt hs mhd UOY mh j`rog quh, mhsmh hsh o`ohlt` agstg hd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh hsigph, gokgs vçdvudgs phroglhihl gkfhrtgs. G hsth phrf`m` sh dh d h mhl`oflg —iruih mh vçdvudgs‟ y, `igsf`lgdohlth, iuglm` dg prhsfùl hl hd sfsthog mh hsigph hs ogy`r quh hl hd mh gmofsfùl, sh pr`muih ul rhtr`ihs` mh d`s cgshs mh hsigph agifg hd ifdflmr`. L` `kstglth, hd hjhit` kusigm` hs quh hd vgiï` pr`v`igm` p`r dg i`rrfhlth mh hsigph hl hd ifdflmr` gyumh g fltr`muifr dg igrcg jrhsig gd ifdflmr`. if dflmr`. Hsth hjhit` i`krg hsphifgd flthræs g gdtg vhd`ifmgm iuglm` dg flhrifg mh dg i`rrfhlth i`rrf hlth mh hsigph hs ogy`r. Dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl phroglhih gkfhrtg agstg 85¾ ` 35¾ mhspuæs mhd UOF yg quh dg flhrifg mhd jdun` agih quh, g phsgr mhd gsihls` mhd pfstùl, hd jdun` sfcg hltrglm` gd o`t`r. Hd þlfi` igokf` quh sh mg hl d`s o`t`rhs mfhshd, rhsphit` g d` glthrf`rohlth lgrrgm`, hs quh hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl l` fli`rp`rg vçdvudg mh ogrfp`sg y quh, agkftugdohlth, hsth tfp` mh o`t`r mfsp`lh mh sfsthogs mh s`krhgdfohltgifùl i`l turkflg mh hsigph (turk`-s`krhgdfohltgifùl). D`s cgshs mh hsigph mhd o`t`r gdfohltgl ulg turkflg, i`d`igmg hl hd sfsthog sfsth og mh hsigph, iuyg p`thlifg sfrvh pgrg giif`lgr ul i`oprhs`r, ukfigm` hl hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl, quh flirhohltg dg mhlsfmgm mh dg igrcg jrhsig. Hd o`vfofhlt` mh dgs vçdvudgs, dg flhrifg mhd jdun` y d`s jhlùohl`s mh pr`pgcgifùl mh `lmgs hl d`s sfsthogs  Fdustr. ;.;.- Yfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hl ul OHI-]G (=]). mh gmofsfùl y hsigph pr`v`igl quh dgs prhsf`lhs flstgltçlhgs hl dg gmofsfùl, hl hd hsigph y hl hd pr`pf` ifdflmr` vgrïhl phroglhlthohlth g d` dgrc` mhd pr`ihs` y su içdiud` glgdïtfi` sh i`opdfquh. G ohlum`, hst`s pr`ihs`s sh trgtgl hopïrfigohlth utfdfzglm` ifhrt`s ifhrt `s pgrçohtr`s, mhd tfp` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`, pgrg mhjflfr hd i`op`rtgofhlt` mh d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

=

 

9.- Hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi v`duoætrfi`. `.

 9.- Hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v` duoætrfi`. Hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hs ul pgrçohtr` quh sh utfdfzg pgrg hvgdugr dg hjhitfvfmgm cd`kgd mhd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. Hvgdþg dg hjhitfvfmgm mhd o`t`r y mh d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph julif`lglm` i`o i`o`` ul sfsthog mh k`okh`. Hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` sh mhjflh i`o` dg igltfmgm mh igrcg jrhsig quh sh fltr`muih gd o`t`r g trgvæs mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl, hl ul ifid` mh julif`lgofhlt`, y dg quh d` d ` agrïg hl ul pr`ihs` mh ddhlg ddhlgm` m` fmhgd g pgrtfr mh ulgs i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg i`l`ifmgs.

Mgmg dg mfjfiudtgm mfjfiudt gm mh ohmfr d`s pgrçohtr`s thro`mflçofi`s mh dg ohzidg y mgm` quh dg p`thlifg hjhitfvg puhmh hxprhsgrsh hl julifùl mhd cgst` oçsfi` mh gfrh (Hi. 7.7), hs prhjhrfkdh hxprhsgr hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg ogsg ` mhd cgst` oçsfi` mh gfrh. U`r gpdfigifùl mfrhitg mh dg dhy mh Mgdt`l, sh tfhlh quh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` rhsp`lmh g dg sfcufhlth hiugifùl>

m`lmh hd cgst` oçsfi` mh gfrh agih rhjhrhlifg gd gfrh shi` y su mhlsfmgm hstgrç igdiudgmg g pgrtfr mh dg prhsfùl pgrifgd mhd gfrh y mh dg thophrgturg mh dg ohzidg. Hd vgd`r oçxfo` mh hsth rhlmfofhlt` hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` `sifdg hltrh 5.1 ` 5.6 y hl d`s o`t`rhs mfhshd suhdh shr gdc` ogy`r. Iuglm` dgs i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg sh t`ogl hl hd gokfhlth, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hvgdþg hd i`op`rtgofhlt` mhd sfsthog i`opdht` y ddhvg hd gphddfm` —cd`kgd‟ . Hl hd igs` mh shr t`ogmgs hl gdcþl pult` mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl, hvgdþg hd sfsthog g pgrtfr mh mfia` pult`. [hsudtg jrhiuhlth, hsphifgdohlth hl d`s o`t`rhs s`krhgdfohltgm`s, jfngr dgs i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg hl dg hltrgmg gd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl. Hd hstumf` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` sùd` tfhlh shltfm` g pdhlg gmofsfùl puhs hs hl hstgs i`lmfif`lhs iuglm` quhmg dfoftgmg dg p`thlifg mhd o`t`r p`r hd cgst` oçsfi` mh gfrh. Cgst`s ohl`rhs sfhoprh puhmhl i`lshcufrsh hstrglcudglm` hstr glcudglm` hd jdun` ohmfglth dg vçdvudg mh ogrfp`sg. U`r `tr` dgm`, hd hxihs` mh gfrh i`l quh trgkgngl d`s o`t`rhs mfhshd g igrcg i grcg pgrifgd, i`lmuih g quh hd hstumf` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl hst`s o`t`rhs l` flthrhsh hl mfiags ifriulstglifgs. Hd vgd`r quh t`og hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` sh hliuhltrg gjhitgm` p`r hd i`okustfkdh utfdfzgm` y p`r ifhrt`s pr`ihs`s quh fljduyhl mh j`rog mhthroflglth y shrçl hstumfgm`s oçs gmhdglth>   7.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s mh jrfiifùl vfsi` vfsi`sg sg y mhsprh mhsprhlmfofh lmfofhlt` lt` mh vhlg.   ;.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s mh trglsjh trglsjhrhlifg rhlifg mh igd`r.   9.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s hdçstfi` hdçstfi`ss mhkfm` mhkfm`ss g dg i`opr i`oprhsfkfdfm hsfkfdfmgm gm mhd jdun`.   =.- Jhlùo Jhlùohl`s hl`s flhrifgdh flhrifgdhss mh dg i`rrfhl i`rrfhlth. th. Hst`s jhlùohl`s quhmgl i`lmfif`lgm`s p`r gsphit`s mfrhitgohlth rhdgif`lgm`s i`l dg `phrgifùl y hd mfsh÷` mhd pr`pf` o`t`r>   7.- ]fp` mh i`o i`okus kustfkd tfkdh. h.   ;.- M`s M`sgm` gm` ohm ohmf` f` mh i`o i`okus kustfùl tfùl 8

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

             

9.=.8.:.3.1.6.-

Jrgiifù Jrgiifùll mh i`oku i`okustfkdh stfkdh vgp`r vgp`rfzgm` fzgm` hl hd sfstho sfsthogg mh gmofs gmofsfùl fùl I`l I`lmfif mfif`lh `lhss gok gokfhlt fhlth. h. Crgm` mh gm gmofsfùl ofsfùl y pprhsf`lh rhsf`lhss mh d`s i`dhit`r i`dhit`rhs hs mmhh hs hsigph igph y ggmofsfù mofsfùl. l. [hdg [hdgifùl ifùl mh i`o i`oprhs prhsfùl. fùl. Zhd` Zhd`ifmg ifmgmm mh cfr cfr`` mhd o`t o`t`r. `r. Mfsh÷` mh dgs pfpgs y i`dhit`r i`dhit`rhs hs mh gmofsf gmofsfùl ùl y hsigph hsigph.. Ch`oh Ch`ohtrïg, trïg, tg tgog÷` og÷` y dhy dhyhs hs mh gphrtur gphrturgg mh dgs vvçdvudgs çdvudgs mh gm gmofsfù ofsfùll y hsigph.

D`s hjhit`s mh gdcul`s mh d`s gsphit`s glthrf`rohlth ohlif`lgm`s s`l, hshlifgdohlth, mh lgturgdhzg iugsfhstgif`lgrfg. Mh t`m`s t `m`s o`m`s, `tr`s mhphlmhl mh dg trglsft`rfhmgm mhd jdun` jdun ` y mh d`s jhlùohl`s mh pr`pgcgifùl mh `lmgs `igsf`lgm`s p`r dg pr`pfg lgturgdhzg mhd jdun`, vgrfgkdh hl hd tfhop`, g d` dgrc` mhd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg.

 =.- [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` v`du oætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd. fmh gd. Hd ifid` fmhgd hs gquhd quh rhsudtg mh gpdfigr gd ifid` rhgd ulg shrfh mh afpùthsfs sfopdfjfigtfvgs quh phrofthl su hstumf` mh j`rog oçs shlifddg. Mfiags afpùthsfs sh hluohrgl g i`ltflugifùl pgrg igmg ulg mh dgs htgpgs mhd ifid`>   7.- Gmo Gmofsfù fsfùll y hsig hsigph> ph>   G Yfl trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r.   G Yfl pærmfmgs mh prhsfùl y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, i`l lfvhdgifùl flstgltçlhg mh prhsf`lhs g gok`s dgm`s mh dg vçdvudg murglth su Crçj.- =.7.- Ifid` fmhgd mh ul o`t`r s`krhgdfohltgm`. gphrturg.   G Yfl hjhit`s mflçofi`s.   G I`l gphrturg y ifhrrh mh vçdvudgs flstgltçlh`s hl d`s pult`s ouhrt`s i`rrhsp`lmfhlths.   ;.- I`o I`oprh prhsfùl sfùl fs`h fs`hltrù ltrùpfi pfig. g.   9.- I`ok I`okustfùl ustfùl i`opdh i`opdhtg tg y g v`duo v`duohl hl i`lstgl i`lstglth. th.   =.- Hxp Hxpgls glsfùl fùl fs` fs`hltr hltrùpf ùpfig. ig. I`l t`mgs hstgs afpùthsfs, l` rhsudtg i`opdfigm` `kthlhr ulg hxprhsfùl ogthoçtfig mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh ifhrt`s pgrçohtr`s mh mfsh÷` y julif`lgofhlt` mhd o`t`r. Hl prfohr ducgr y sup`lfhlm` quh hd jdufm` gmoftfm` p`r hd o`t`r hs ulg ohzidg mh gfrh aþohm` y i`okustfkdh, dg ogsg mh gfrh gmoftfmg puhmh hxprhsgrsh hl julifùl mh dg ogsg t`tgd hlihrrgmg hl hd ifdflmr`, mhd m`sgm` y mh dg jrgiifùl oçsfig mh rhsfmugdhs>

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

:

 

=.- [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd.

Hl shculm` ducgr, hd v`duohl mhspdgzgm` p`r hd pfstùl g d` dgrc` mh ul ifid` puhmh hxprhsgrsh hl julifùl mhd v`duohl gd flfif` mhd pr`ihs` mh i`oprhsfùl (hstgm` 7) y mh dg rhdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl>

Hl i`lshiuhlifg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` puhmh hxprhsgrsh i`o` sfcuh>

Dg hiugifùl mh d`s cgshs phrjhit`s gpdfigmg gd gfrh hl i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg flmfig quh>

y, gpdfigmg g dg ogsg hlihrrgmg hl hd ifdflmr`>

gmhoçs, sh puhmh mho`strgr quh dg jrgiifùl ulftgrfg mh igrcg jrhsig hlihrrgmg hl hd h d ifdflmr` hl ul ifid` mh cgs fmhgd rhsp`lmh g dg sfcufhlth hiugifùl>

p`r d` quh dg hiugifùl quh mhjflh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd quhmg i`o` sfcuh>

(Hi. =.3)

Glgdfzglm` d`s mfjhrhlths tærofl`s quh gpgrhihl hl hstg hiugifùl, sh `ktfhlhl ulg shrfh mh i`lidusf`lhs flthrhsglths rhdgtfvgs g dg fljduhlifg mh mfjhrhlths mfjhr hlths gsphit`s s`krh hd vgd`r mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. 3

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

 8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` rhlm fofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duo ætrfi`. Hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hs ul pgrçohtr` quh puhmh vgrfgr mh j`rog fop`rtglth mhphlmfhlm` mh dgs mfjhrhlths i`lmfif`lhs mh `phrgifùl g quh puhmh vhrsh s`ohtfm` ul o`t`r mh iugtr` tfhop`s `, flidus`, mhphlmfhlm` mh mhthroflgmgs i`lsfmhrgif`lhs mhd mfsh÷`. Dg fljduhlifg mh su vgd`r s`krh dgs prhstgif`lhs cd`kgdhs mhd o`t`r agih quh hsth pgrçohtr` agyg sfm` glgdfzgm` g j`lm` p`r oudtftum mh flvhstfcgm`rhs. Iuglm` hd cgs jduyh g trgvæs mh d`s tuk`s, içogrgs, pfpgs y vçdvudgs mhd sfsthog sfsth og mh gmofsfùl, d` agih mh j`rog pudsgt`rfg. Hl hd pr`ihs` flthrvfhlhl hsjuhrz`s mh prhsfùl, vfsi`s`s, hdçstfi`s h flhrifgdhs. Dg fop`rtglifg rhdgtfvg mh igmg ul` mh hst`s h st`s hsjuhrz`s mhphlmh mh dg vhd`ifmgm flstgltçlhg mhd cgs y mh dg j`rog y tgog÷` mh d`s i`lmuit`s y sus ulf`lhs. Agkftugdohlth, tglt` d`s hjhit`s iugsfhstgif`lgrf`s i`o` d`s hjhit`s mflçofi`s hstçl prhshlths hl hd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg. G pgrtfr mh dg hxprhsfùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd y mhd glçdfsfs glçdfsf s mh d`s pr`ihs`s quh tfhlhl ducgr murglth dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg, sh `ktfhlhl i`lidusf`lhs quh gyumgl g prhmhifr dg hv`duifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` glth igokf`s i`lirht`s mhd mfsh÷` ` mh dgs i`lmfif`lhs mh `phrgifùl. Hl hsth gpgrtgm` sh glgdfzg dg fljduhlifg quh tfhlhl mhthroflgm`s gsphit`s, oçs ` ohl`s flmhphlmfhlths hltrh sï, s`krh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. U`r shr dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igr igrcg cg ul pr`ihs` juhrthohlth pudsgt`rf`, dg ogy`rïg mh d`s pr`ihs`s hstumfgm`s vhlmrçl i`lmfif`lgm`s p`r dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r, quh hs qufhl hl rhgdfmgm hstgkdhih dg jrhiuhlifg mh dg pudsgifùl.

 8.7.- [hdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl y rhdgifùl mh dgs prhsf`lhs mh hsigph y gmofsfùl. I`lj`roh dg rhdgifùl hltrh dgs prhsf`lhs mh hsigph y gmofsfùl y dg rhdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl vgrïgl, dg jrgiifùl mh v`duohl mhd ifdflmr` `iupgmg p`r d`s cgshs rhsfmugdhs, g dg prhsfùl mh gmofsfùl, igokfg. Iuglm` hstg jrgiifùl v`duoætrfig guohltg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhsifhlmh. Hsth hjhit` gpgrhih rhi`cfm` hl dg hiugifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd (Hi. =.3) p`r hd tærofl` hlihrrgm` hltrh ddgvhs. Iuglm` dg prhsfùl mh hsigph sh fcugdg Crçj.- 8.7.- Fljduhlifg mh dg rhdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl y mh dg g dg prhsfùl mh gmofsfùl (ifid` fmhgd mh ul rhdgifùl ph /pgm  hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. OHI ` mh ul OHU g pdhlg igrcg l` s`krhgdfohltgm`s), mfia` tærofl` sh agih fcugd g dg ulfmgm. Yfl hokgrc`, iuglm` dgs d gs prhsf`lhs mh hsigph y mh gmofsfùl mfjfhrhl, dg d g fljduhlifg mh dg rhdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl y mh dg rhdgifùl hltrh dgs prhsf`lhs mh hsigph y gmofsfùl gmofsfùl puhmh shr fop`rtglth. Hd crçjfi` gmnult` (Crgj. 8.7) [hi`ch mfiag fljduhlifg iuglm` sh sup`lh ι?7.9. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

1

 

8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

 8.;.- I`op`sfifùl mh dg igrcg jrhsig. Gdcul`s gsphit`s rhdgif`lgm`s i`l dg i`op`sfifùl mh dg ohzidg gspfrgmg p`r hd o`t`r fljduyhl hl mfvhrs`s tærofl`s mh dg hiugifùl =.3. U`r ul dgm`, dg i`op`sfifùl mh dg ohzidg fljduyh f ljduyh s`krh hd vgd`r mh dg rhdgifùl mh igd`rhs hsphiïjfi`s, ι, quh puhmh vgrfgr agstg ul =% hl dgs ohzidgs hsthquf`oætrfigs mh d`s i`okustfkdhs agkftugdhs. Mfiag vgrfgifùl sup`lh ulg o`mfjfigifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` fljhrf`r gd 7% p`r d` quh l` ohrhih dg phlg shr hstumfgmg hl mhtgddh. U`r `tr` dgm`, dg i`op`sfifùl mh dg ohzidg fljduyh mfrhitgohlth s`krh d`s m`s prfohr`s i`ifhlths mh dg hiugifùl =.3.

(Hi. 8.7) Dg prhshlifg mh i`okustfkdh cgsh`s` y vgp`r mh gcug hl hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl pr`v`igl ulg igïmg mh dg prhsfùl pgrifgd mhd gfrh gf rh p`r mhkgn` mh dg prhsfùl mh dg ohzidg. Ugrg ohzidgs mh gfrh, vgp`r mh gcug y i`okustfkdh cgsh`s` ` vgp`rfzgm`, dg prhsfùl mh gmofsfùl hl hd i`dhit`r sh puhmh hxprhsgr i`o` dg suog mh dg prhsfùl pgrifgd mh igmg i`op`lhlth>

y utfdfzglm` dg hiugifùl mh d`s cgshs phrjhit`s>

G dg vfstg mh hstg þdtfog hxprhsfùl y pgrg hlthlmhr ohn`r dg fljduhlifg mh dg i`op`sfifùl mh dg ohzidg s`krh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`, rhsudtg flthrhsglth o`mfjfigr dg hiugifùl 8.7 mhd sfcufhlth o`m`>

p`rr i`oprhsfùl, hsth tærofl` puhmh i`lsfmhrgrsh fcugd g dg ulfmgm p`r Hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` p` d`s sfcufhlths o`tfv`s>   - Dg ohzidg l` sh prhpgrg hl hd i`dhit`r mh gmofs gmofsfùl fùl y, p`r d` tglt`, J?5.   - Dg auohm auohmgm gm y dg rhdgifùl hltrh dgs ogsgs o`dhiu o`dhiudgrhs, dgrhs, mh gfrh aþohm aþohm`` + rhsfm rhsfmugdhs ugdhs y mh gfrh shi`, sup`lhl, hl hd igs` oçs mhsjgv`rgkdh, ulg vgrfgifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` fljhrf`r gd ;%. Hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` mfia` tærofl` mfjfhrh gdc` oçs mh dg ulfmgm. Ugrg ifhrt`s i`okustfkdhs puhmh shr sustglifgdohlth fljhrf`r p`r d`s sfcufhlths o`tfv`s>   - Dg ohz ohzidg idg sh prh prhpgr pgrgg hhll hd i`d i`dhit` hit`rr mmhh ggmo mofsfù fsfùll y, p`r d` tglt tglt`, `, J

Hd vgd`r mh bf hl igmg sflcudgrfmgm mhd sfsthog mhphlmh julmgohltgdohlth mh su ch`ohtrïg. Yup`lfhlm` quh hd jdun` hs iugsfhstgif`lgrf`, iugsfhstgif `lgrf`, dg vhd`ifmgm puhmh p`lhrsh hl julifùl mh dg d g vhd`ifmgm ohmfg mhd pfstùl>

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

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8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

G pgrtfr mh d` glthrf`r, sh puhmh i`lidufr quh dg igïmg t`tgd mh prhsfùl, mhkfmg g dg jrfiifùl, jrfi ifùl, g d` dgrc` mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl i`opdht` shrç>

Hstg hiugifùl p`lh mh oglfjfhst`, p`r ul dgm`, hd khlhjfif` quh, hl dg rhmuiifùl mh dgs pærmfmgs p`r jrfiifùl, sup`lh dg utfdfzgifùl mh crglmhs çrhgs mh pgs` pgrg hd jdun` mh gmofsfùl y, p`r `tr`, dg mhphlmhlifg mh hstgs pærmfmgs i`l hd iugmrgm` mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Hd crçjfi` 8.9. ouhstrg ul hnhopd` mh dgs pærmfmgs mh prhsfùl mhkfmgs g dg jrfiifùl hl mfjhrhlths trgo`s mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl mh ul o`t`r mh iugtr` tfhop`s hstçlmgr mh Crçj.- 8.9.- Uærmfmg mh igrcg hl m`s trgo`s mh dg gmofsfùl. gut`oùvfd. Hsth crçjfi`, rhsudtgm` mh ul hlsgy` hstgif`lgrf`, ouhstrg gmhiugmgohlth dg mhphlmhlifg iugmrçtfig mh dgs pærmfmgs p`r jrfiifùl i`l dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` ` i`l hd jdun` oçsfi` mh jdufm`. Gpr`xfoglm` mfia`s mgt`s g ulg hiugifùl mhd tfp` y ? b G x; sh `ktfhlh ul i`hjfifhlth mh i`rrhdgifùl suphrf`r gd 66%. Hl d` quh sh rhjfhrh gd sfsthog mh hsigph, sh puhmhl agihr dgs ofsogs i`lsfmhrgif`lhs y i`lidufr quh dg prhsfùl hl hd flthrf`r mhd ifdflmr` murglth hd pr`ihs` mh hsigph hs suphrf`r g dg mhd sfsthog mh hsigph y æstg hs, g su vhz, suphrf`r g dg gokfhltgd. Dgs ogy`rhs vhd`ifmgmhs mhd jdun` agihl quh dg afpùthsfs mh jdun` fli`oprhsfkdh l` shg tgl vçdfmg i`o` pgrg hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl. Hd crçjfi` 8.=. ouhstrg dg mhphlmhlifg igsf dflhgd mh dg prhsfùl hl hd i`dhit`r mh hsigph i`l dg prhsfùl hl hd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl y dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` hl ul o`t`r rhgd mh iugtr` ifdflmr`s mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` mh gut`oùvfd. Yh gprhifg i`o`, g pdhlg igrcg y vhd`ifmgm, dg prhsfùl mhd sfsthog mh hsigph hs sustglifgdohlth suphrf`r g dg gokfhltgd. Dg jgdtg mh dflhgdfmgm sh mhkh g jhlùohl`s mh i`oprhsfkfdfmgm Crçj.- 8.=.- Urhsfùl mh hsigph vhrsus prhsfùl mh

hl hd jdun` (O < 5.9ó5.=).

gmofsfùl y vhd`ifmgm mh cfr`.

77

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

Dg pærmfmg mh igrcg hxfsthlth hl hd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl pr`v`ig ulg mfsofluifùl mh dg prhsfùl mh gmofsfùl. Mfiag mfsofluifùl rhphriuth lhcgtfvgohlth hl hd shculm` i`ifhlth mh d`s quh gpgrhihl hl dg hiugifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` mhd ifid` fmhgd (Hi. =.3) `igsf`lglm` ulg rhmuiifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. U`r `tr` dgm`, dg mfsofluifùl mh dg prhsfùl mh gmofsfùl nult` i`l i `l hd guohlt` mh dg prhsfùl mh hsigph pr`v`igl ulg rhmuiifùl mhd tærofl` hlihrrgm` hltrh ddgvhs (Hi. =.3) y, mh luhv`, ulg rhmuiifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` (vhr Crgj. 8.7). U`r shr dgs pærmfmgs mh igrcg pr`p`rif`lgdhs gd iugmrgm` mh dg vhd`ifmgm, dg igïmg igï mg mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hxphrfohltgmg p`r hsth o`tfv` shrç mhd ofso` tfp` (Crgj. :.;). G pgrtfr mh t`m` d` trgtgm` hl hsth gpgrtgm` sh puhmh mhmuifr dg sfcufhlth rhcdg julmgohltgd> —]`m` gquhdd` quh pr`v`quh ul guohlt` mh prhsfùl hl hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl ` ulg rhmuiifùl mh prhsfùl hl hd sfsthog mh hsigph, i`ltrfkufrç g flirhohltgr hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`‟.

 8.=.- Jhlùohl`s tærofi`s. ]rglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r. Hl dg hiugifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhd ifid` fmhgd (Hi. =.3) sh gprhifg quh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhphlmh dflhgdohlth mh dg rhdgifùl hltrh dg thophrgturg mh rhjhrhlifg mhd gfrh y dg mh gmofsfùl mh dg igrcg jrhsig.

(Hi. 8.1)

U`r hdd`, iugdqufhr guohlt` mh hstg rhdgifùl `igsf`lgrç ul guohlt` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Dg trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r mhshoph÷g, hl hsth shltfm`, ul pgphd julmgohltgd yg quh dg gks`rifùl mh igd`r p`r pgrth mh dg igrcg jrhsig sup`lmrç ulg mfsofluifùl mh hsth jgit`r y vfihvhrsg. Hs mh s`krg i`l`ifm` quh dg trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r hltrh m`s sfsthogs mhphlmh mh dg ch`ohtrïg mhd i`lnult`, mh su rhsfsthlifg tærofig, mhd sgdt` tærofi` hxfsthlth hxfsthlt h y mhd tfhop` murglth hd iugd sh mhsgrr`ddh hd pr`ihs`. D`s m`s prfohr`s mhphlmhl mhd mfsh÷` mhd o`t`r phr` l` vgrïgl i`l sus i`lmfif`lhs mh julif`lgofhlt`. Dg thophrgturg mh dgs pgrhmhs mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl hs, p`r d` chlhrgd, suphrf`r g dg mh dg igrcg jrhsig, p`r hdd`, hxfsth ul jdun` igd`rïjfi` mfrfcfm` agifg dg d g igrcg jrhsig. Hstg gks`rifùl mh igd`r p`r pgrth mh dg igrcg jrhsig agih mfsoflufr hd vgd`r mh dg rhdgifùl mh thophrgturgs glths ohlif`lgm` y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Iuglt` ogy`r shg dg thophrgturg mh dg igrcg jrhsig y ohl`r dg mh dgs pgrhmhs mhd o`t`r ohl`r shrç hd sgdt` tærofi` y ohl`r tgokfæl dg igïmg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Xlg thophrgturg gokfhlth ogy`r, ulgs thophrgturgs mhd rhjrfchrglth y mhd gihfth ohl`rhs ` ul m`sgm` oçs dhngl` mhd hsthquf`oætrfi` s`l jgit`rhs, t`m`s hdd`s, hd d`s, quh sup`lhl ulg ohl`r igïmg mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Dg hxphrfhlifg mhouhstrg quh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hs pr`p`rif`lgd g dg rgïz iugmrgmg mh dg thophrgturg gokfhlth>

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

7;

 

8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

y, tgokfæl, quh hs flvhrsgohlth pr`p`rif`lgd g dg thophrgturg mhd rhjrfchrglth>

Dg vhd`ifmgm mhd jdun` hl dg gmofsfùl vfhlh fopuhstg mfrhitgohlth mf rhitgohlth p`r dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Ugrg ul mhthroflgm` sgdt` tærofi` hltrh dg igrcg jrhsig y hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl, hd guohlt` mh thophrgturg mh dg ohzidg shrç tglt` ogy`r iuglt` ohl`r shg dg vhd`ifmgm mhd jdun` y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, mhd o`t`r. L` mhkh `dvfmgrsh quh ul guohlt` hl dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` sup`lh ul guohlt` mh dg thophrgturg mh julif`lgofhlt` mhd o`t`r. L` `kstglth, hsth hjhit` hs shiulmgrf` y hd guohlt` mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` sup`lh ulg rhmuiifùl mh dg trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r y, p`r hdd`, ul ogy`r rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhkfm` g hsth hjhit` ( Crgj. :.;). G pgrtfr mh t`m` d` trgtgm` hl hsth gpgrtgm` sh puhmh mhmuifr dg sfcufhlth rhcdg julmgohltgd> —]`m` gquhdd` quh pr`v`quh dg rhmuiifùl mhd jdun` igd`rïjfi` rhifkfm` `, ohn`r gþl, dg ihsfùl mh igd`r p`r   pgrth mh dg igrcg jrhsig i`ltrfkufrç g flirhohltgr hd rhlmfofhlt` rhlmfofhlt ` v`duoætrfi`‟.

Dg vgp`rfzgifùl mhd i`okustfkdh  quh tfhlh ducgr hl d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` i`lvhlif`lgdhs hs ul gsphit` quh l` sh puhmh mhsdfcgr mh d`s pr`ihs`s mh trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r murglth hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl. Ugrg ul jdun` g prhsfùl i`lstglth i`l i `l hvgp`rgifùl mh i`okustfkdh dïqufm` y i`l trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r, dg hiugifùl hl ræcfohl phroglhlth mhd jdun` mh hlhrcïg shrç>

—Flfifgd‟ y —Jflgd‟ sh rhjfhrhl, rhsphitfvgohlth, g —glthrf`r‟ ` —p`sthrf`r‟ gd pr`ihs` mh hvgp`rgifùl. Yf sh i`lsfmhrg quh hd igokf` mh hltgdpïg shlsfkdh mh igmg i`op`lhlth mh dg ohzidg hs hd pr`muit` mhd igd`r hsphiïjfi` g prhsfùl i`lstglth y dg vgrfgifùl mh thophrgturg y sfhlm` hd igd`r dgthlth mh vgp`rfzgifùl dg mfjhrhlifg hltrh dgs hltgdpïgs hsphiïjfigs mhd vgp`r sgturgm` y mhd dïqufm` sgturgm` g ulg prhsfùl mgmg, dg glthrf`r hiugifùl puhmh quhmgr mh dg j`rog>

I`o` , hd shculm` tærofl` mhd mhl`oflgm`r hs g ohlum` mhsprhifgm`. Yf l` agy trglsjhrhlifg mh igd`r murglth hd pr`ihs` mh hvgp`rgifùl, dg thophrgturg th ophrgturg mh dg ohzidg sh rhmuih mh j`rog fop`rtglth. Gsï, trgs dg hvgp`rgifùl i`opdhtg mh ulg ohzidg hsthquf`oætrfig mh fs``itgl` sfl gp`rth mh igd`r, dg thophrgturg th ophrgturg igh mhd `rmhl mh 76 ¾I. Hl dgs ofsogs i`lmfif`lhs, hd ohtgl`d pr`v`ig ulg igïmg mh 7;1 ¾I. Hl dg prçitfig hstg rhmuiifùl rhmuii fùl mh thophrgturg l` hs tgl crglmh p`rquh hd i`okustfkdh l` tftfhlh hlh p`r quh hvgp`rgrsh p`r i`opdht` glths mh hltrgr gd ifdflmr` y, gmhoçs, p`r hxfstfr trglsjhrhlifg trglsjhrhlif g mh igd`r, gsphit` 79

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

quh sh flirhohltg juhrthohlth gd mhp`sftgrsh hd i`okustfkdh dïqufm` dï qufm` s`krh dgs pgrhmhs mhd i`dhit`r. Hl t`m` igs`, dg hvgp`rgifùl mh i`okustfkdh murglth hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl pr`v`ig ul guohlt` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` i`o` i`lshiuhlifg mfrhitg mh dg rhmuiifùl mhd mhl`oflgm`r mh dg Hi. 8.1. Dg hxphrfohltgifùl mhouhstrg quh hd mhsihls` mh thophrgturg quh `igsf`lg dg hvgp`rgifùl mhd i`okustfkdh i`ltrgrrhstg i`l irhihs dg rhmuiifùl mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` `igsf`lgmg p`r hd hjhit` i`ohltgm` hl hd gpgrtgm` 8.;. Hsth gsphit`, p`r sï s`d`, hdhvg gpr`xfogmgohlth ul 75% hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mh ul o`t`r iuglm`, hl ducgr mh gp`rtgr hd i`okustfkdh hl hd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl, sh flyhitg hl hd flthrf`r mhd ifdflmr` murglth hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl.

 8.8.- Jhlùohl`s hdçstfi`s. Kd`quh` mh dg vçdvudg. U`r ohiçlfig mh jdufm`s sh i`l`ih quh iuglm` dg rhdgifùl rhdgif ùl hltrh dg vhd`ifmgm mh ifriudgifùl mhd jdun` y dg vhd`ifmgm mh s`lfm` hl dgs i`lmfif`lhs mhd jdun` (l¾ mh Ogia) hs phquh÷g, dg afpùthsfs mh quh dg igrcg jrhsig sh i`op`rtg i`o` ul jdufm` fli`oprhsfkdh hs gmhiugmg. G d` dgrc` mh t`m` hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl, hd hdhohlt` quh rhstrflch hd pgs` mh j`rog oçs fop`rtglth hs dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. Dgs dfoftgif`lhs quh, p`r mfjhrhlths o`tfv`s, tfhlhl hd mfçohtr` ` dg gphrturg mh dg vçdvudg i`lmuihl g vhihs g çrhgs mh pgs` fljhrf`rhs g dgs mhshgkdhs pr`v`iglm` hdhvgmgs vhd`ifmgmhs mh pgs` quh rhstgl vgdfmhz g dg afpùthsfs mh jdun` fli`oprhsfkdh. Hl dg dfthrgturg sh puhmhl hli`ltrgr mfvhrs`s lþohr`s gmfohlsf`lgdhs quh tfhlhl hd jfl mh igrgithrfzgr igrgit hrfzgr hd tfp` mh jdun` quh gtrgvfhsg dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. Gmhoçs, prhthlmhl cgrgltfzgr dg gushlifg mh jhlùohl`s hdçstfi`s p`r mhkgn` mh ifhrt` vgd`r. Xl` mh d`s oçs hxthlmfm`s hs hd l¾ mh Ogia ohmf` mh ]gyd`r  quh  quh sh mhjflh mhd sfcufhlth o`m`>

(Hi. 8.79)

Gd

rhprhshltgr

hd

rhlmfofhlt`

v`duoætrfi` rhdgtfv` mh iugdqufhr o`t`r rhsphit` gd l¾ mh Ogia gsï mhjflfm`, sh `kshrvg quh, mh j`rog ulçlfoh, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` igh sustglifgdohlth p`r hlifog mh Ov ? 5.: (Crgj. 8.8) . Mfia` rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` rhdgtfv` hs hd rhjhrfm` gd vgd`r mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` iuglm` Ov ? 5.8>

Crçj.- 8.8.- [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` vhrsus l¾ mh Ogia ohmf` mh ]gyd`r hl dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl.

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

7=

 

8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

Mh t`m` d` i`ohltgm` sh mhmuih quh iuglm` hd vgd`r mh Ov hl dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl suphrg hsh —vgd`r dïofth‟ i`ofhlzgl g gpgrhihr hjhit`s hdçstfi`s hl dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl y hd jdun` oçsfi` quh sh mfrfch gd ifdflmr` sh rhmuih mrçstfigohlth. Dg hiugifùl 8.79 ouhstrg quh hd vgd`r mh hsth pgrçohtr` mhphlmh julmgohltgdohlth mh dg vhd`ifmgm dflhgd ohmfg mhd pfstùl. Gsï, dg rhmuiifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` p`r kd`quh` sùlfi` hl dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl thlmrç ducgr g vhd`ifmgmhs mh cfr` hdhvgmgs y l` thlmrç fljduhlifg iuglm` dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r shg kgng. Hd crçjfi` 8.:, rhjhrhlth g ul o`t`r mh iugtr` ifdflmr`s mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm`, p`lh mh oglfjfhst` hd hjhit` mhd kd`quh` sùlfi`. Ouhstrg dg fljduhlifg mh dg gphrturg oçxfog mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl s`krh dg iurvg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Yh gprhifg ulg rhmuiifùl sfclfjfigtfvg mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` g ohmfgs y gdtgs vhd`ifmgmhs mh cfr` i`l gphrturg mh vçdvudg phquh÷gs. Yfl hokgrc`, vgd`rhs ogy`rhs quh ul` irïtfi` l` sup`lhl ohn`rgs sustglifgdhs.

Crçj.- 8.:.- Fljduhlifg mh dg gphrturg oçxfog mh dg vçdv. mh gmofsfùl.

I`o` dg i`op`sfifùl y dg thophrgturg mh dg igrcg i grcg jrhsig o`mfjfigl hd vgd`r mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh s`lfm` hl su shl`, iugdqufhr o`mfjfigifùl hl hsth shltfm` rhphriutfrç mfrhitgohlth s`krh hd vgd`r mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` dïofth mhd o`t`r g pgrtfr mh dg iugd tfhlh ducgr dg igïmg krusig mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Xlg rhmuiifùl mh dg thophrgturg ` ul guohlt` hl dg pr`p`rifùl mh i`okustfkdh mh dg ohzidg, pgrg i`okustfkdhs dïqufm`s y gdcul`s cgsh`s`s, s`l jgit`rhs quh sup`lhl ulg rhmuiifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh pr`pgcgifùl mhd s`lfm` y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, ulg rhmuiifùl rhmuiif ùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` g vhd`ifmgmhs mh cfr` mhd o`t`r hdhvgmgs.

 8.:.- Jhlùohl`s flhrifgdhs. Hjhit` —Grfhth‟ y sflt`lfzgifùl mh sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph. Dg prhsfùl flstgltçlhg hxfsthlth hl ul pult` iugdqufhrg mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl ` mh hsigph vgrïg g d` dgrc` mhd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg (Crgj. 8.3) mhkfm` g>   G Zgrfgifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mhd pfstùl.   G Zgrfgifùl mhd çrhg mh pgs` mh dgs vçdvudgs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph.   G Hjhit`s flhrifgdhs hl d`s i`lmuit`s mh gmofsfùl y hsigph `igsf`lgm`s p`r hd jdun` pudsgt`rf`. Hd cgst` oçsfi` mh igrcg jrhsig fltr`muifm` gd ifdflmr` y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` sh hliuhltrgl hl crgl ohmfmg i`lmfif`lgm`s p`r dg prhsfùl flstgltçlhg hxfsthlth hl dgs pr`xfofmgmhs mh dgs vçdvudgs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph murglth ul phquh÷` phrf`m` glthrf`r g su ifhrrh.

78

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

Crçjfi` 8.3.- Urhsfùl flstgltçlhg hl mfjhrhlths pult`s mh d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph.(p7> i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl g 785 oo mhd ifdflmr`. p; y p9> i`dhit`r mh hsigph g ;55 oo y 355 oo mhd ifdflmr` rhsphitfvgohlth).

 Hd i`ofhlz` mhd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl y dg flhrifg mh dg i`rrfhlth pr`v`igl dg mhihdhrgifùl mhd jdun` y hd i`lshiuhlth guohlt` mh prhsfùl hl dg pfpg mh gmofsfùl. Hsth guohlt` mh prhsfùl hl dgs pr`xfofmgmhs mh dg vçdvudg agih quh dg igrcg jrhsig sfcg hltrglm` flidus` iuglm` hd pfstùl flvfhrth su o`vfofhlt` y i`ofhlzg dg igrrhrg mh i`oprhsfùl. Hsth hjhit`, rhdgif`lgm` i`l dg flhrifg mh dg i`rrf i`rrfhlth, hlth, sh girhifhltg gd guohltgr dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, dg vhd`ifmgm mh dg ohzidg hl hd sfsthog. Hd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl mh =5 g :5¾ mhspuæs mhd pult` ouhrt` fljhrf`r prhthlmh gpr`vhiagr hsth hjhit`. [hsudtgrïg fmhgd quh hd ifhrrh i`opdht` tuvfhrg ducgr hxgitgohlth hl hd o`ohlt` hl hd quh sh flvfhrth dg i`rrfhlth hl dg vçdvudg. Xl ifhrrh glthrf`r flthrruopfrç hd jdun` hltrglth y ul ifhrrh p`sthrf`r phroftfrç hd rht`rl` rht `rl` mh cgshs agifg hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl. Gokgs sftugif`lhs s`l flmhshgkdhs y `igsf`lgl quh, hl ouiags `igsf`lhs, dg iurvg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl julif ùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r thlcg ul oçxfo` kfhl mhjflfm`. Dg pgrth sftugmg g dg fzqufhrmg mhd oçxfo`, vhd`ifmgmhs kgngs, vhlmrç igrgithrfzgmg p`r ul rht`rl` mh cgs agifg hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl y dg pgrth sftugmg g dg mhrhiag, vhd`ifmgmhs gdtgs, p`r dg flthrrupifùl mhd jdun` mh gmofsfùl. Hd crçjfi` 8.1, rhjhrhlth g ul o`t`r mh iugtr` ifdflmr`s mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm`, ouhstrg dg fljduhlifg mhd rhtgs` mhd ifhrrh mh dg gmofsfùl s`krh dg iurvg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` y p`lh mh oglfjfhst` oglfjfhst` d` glthrf`rohlth hxpuhst`. hxpuhst `. Xl ifhrrh prhogtur` mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl rhmuih hd rhjdun` g kgng vhd`ifmgm y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, hdhvg hd vgd`r mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. U`r hd i`ltrgrf`, iuglm` hd o`t`r cfrg g gdtg vhd`ifmgm, sh flthrruoph hd jdun` hltrglth y sh pr`v`ig ulg kgngmg mh dg iurvg. Xl ifhrrh tgrmï` mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl pr`muih hd hjhit` i`ltrgrf`. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

7:

 

8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

Hl d` quh sh rhjfhrh gd pr`ihs` mh hsigph, hd jdun` hs sgdfhlth y d`s pr`ihs`s quh tfhlhl ducgr s`l nust` d`s i`ltrgrf`s, hst` hs, iuglm` dg vçdvudg mh hsigph i`ofhlzg g ihrrgrsh, dg flhrifg mh dg i`rrfhlth pr`v`ig ulg mhprhsfùl hl dgs pr`xfofmgmhs mh dg vçdvudg quh agih quh d`s cgshs rhsfmugdhs sfcgl sgdfhlm` g phsgr mh quh hd pfstùl i`ofhlih su igrrhrg mhsihlmhlth. Gd fcugd quh hl hd igs` mh dg gmofsfùl, hsth hjhit` sh girhifhltg iuglt` ogy`r hs dg vhd`ifmgm mh Crçj.- 8.1.- Fljduhlifg mhd rhtrgs` mhd ifhrrh mh dg gmofsfùl cfr` mhd o`t`r. Hd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh hsigph mh 1 g ;5¾ mhspuæs mhd pult` ouhrt` suphrf`r prhthlmh gpr`vhiagr hsth hjhit` y irhgr ulg dfchrg mhprhsfùl hl hd flthrf`r mhd ifdflmr` quh gyumh g dg hltrgmg mh dg igrcg jrhsig. G phsgr mh d` glthrf`r, dg fljduhlifg mhd pr`ihs` mh hsigph s`krh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hs rhmuifmg sf sh i`opgrg i`l dg mhd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl. Dg crgl vhltgng mh d`s sfsthogs mh mfstrfkuifùl vgrfgkdh hstrfkg, prhifsgohlth, hl quh d`s pult`s mh gphrturg y ifhrrh mh dgs vçdvudgs vgrïgl pgrg p`mhr gpr`vhiagr mh j`rog ùptfog d`s hjhit`s i`ohltgm`s g iugdqufhr vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Iuglm` hd o`t`r l` hs o`l`ifdïlmrfi` y d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hstçl j`rogm`s p`r ulg shrfh mh rgogdhs y mhpùsft`s quh flthri`lhitgl d`s mfjhrhlths mfjhrhlt hs ifdflmr`s, dg lgturgdhzg mh d`s pr`ihs`s quh tfhlhl ducgr hl hd i`dhit`r i`d hit`r mh gmofsfùl sfcuh sfhlm` dg ofsog phr` hd jhlùohl` j hlùohl` hl sï rhsudtg ouia` oçs i`opdhn`. Dg vgrfgifùl quh, g d` dgrc` mhd tfhop`, sujrh hd jdun` mh gmofsfùl `igsf`lg `lmgs mh prhsfùl quh sh pr`pgcgl agifg gtrçs hl hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl. Hstgs `lmgs puhmhl rhjdhngrsh hl sflcudgrfmgmhs mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl i`o` puhmgl shr ul mhp`sft`, dg ulfùl mh dgs mfjhrhlths rgogs mhd i`dhit`r ` dg pfpg ihrrgmg mh `tr` ifdflmr`. I`o` rhsudtgm` mh hstg rhjdhxfùl surchl luhvgs `lmgs quh sh mfrfchl agifg hd ifdflmr`. Yf sh i`lsfmhrg dg hv`duifùl mh hstgs `lmgs hl hd mfsh÷` mhd o`t`r y sh i`lsfcuh quh o`ohlt`s glths mhd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl ddhcuh g dg pfpg ulg Crçj.- 8.6.- U`sfifùl ùptfog mh dg `lmg rhjdhngmg `lmg mh prhsfùl p`sftfvg, sh i`lshcufrç flirhohltgr dg  p`r hd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl. prhsfùl mh dg igrcg jrhsig fltr`muifmg gd ifdflmr`. Hl hstgs ifriulstglifgs, sh mfrç quh hd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl sh hliuhltrg  sflt`lfzgm`.

73

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Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

Crçj.- 8.75.- U`sfifùl ùptfog mh dg `lmg rhjdhngmg p`r hd sfsthog mh hsigph.

Hd jdun` pudsgt`rf` pr`ihmhlth mh igmg ifdflmr` murglth hd  pr`ihs` mh hsigph hstgkdhih ulg shrfh mh `lmgs mh prhsfùl quh vfgngl p`r hd sfsthog mh hsigph. Hstgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl sh pr`pgcgl g dg vhd`ifmgm d`igd mhd s`lfm` rhdgtfvg gd o`vfofhlt` mh d`s cgshs mh hsigph. Dgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl flthrgitþgl i`l dgs sflcudgrfmgmhs, flthrshiif`lhs y hxtrho`s mhd sfsthog mh hsigph. Hstgs flthrgiif`lhs `igsf`lgl luhvgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl quh sh rhjdhngl agifg hd ifdflmr`. Hl o`t`rhs p`dfifdïlmrfi`s, dgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl pr`v`igmgs p`r igmg ifdflmr` trglsoftfmgs y rhjdhngmgs hl d`s hdhohlt`s mhd sfsthog mh hsigph puhmhl flthrgitugr hltrh sï.

Hstgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl puhmhl gyumgr ` mfjfiudtgr hd pr`ihs` mh rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg. Iuglm` o`ohlt`s glths mhd ifhrrh mh dg vçdvudg mh hsigph ddhcg, pr`ihmhlth mhd sfsthog mh hsigph, ulg `lmg mh rgrhjgiifùl quh rhmuih dg prhsfùl d`igd hl dg pfpg mh hsigph sh mfih quh hd sfsthog mh hsigph hstg sflt`lfzgm`. Yh agl mhsgrr`ddgm` oudtftum mh oæt`m`s luoærfi`s quh prhmfihl i`l prhifsfùl hd jdun` pudsgt`rf` hl d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph mh d`s o`t`rhs mh i`okustfùl flthrlg gdthrlgtfv`s. Hst`s oæt`m`s s`l i`opdfigm`s gulquh hl julifùl mhd lfvhd mh prhifsfùl rhquhrfm` sh puhmhl gpdfigr afpùthsfs sfopdfjfigtfvgs. Hstçl kgsgm`s hl dg gpdfigifùl mh dgs hiugif`lhs julmgohltgdhs>   G I`lshrvgifùl mh dg ogsg.   G I`lshrvgifùl mh dg igltfmgm mh o`vfofhlt`.   G I`lshrvgifùl mh dg hlhrcïg.   G Hiugifùl mh hstgm` mh d`s cgshs. Hd crçjfi` 8.3 ouhstrg dg hv`duifùl hl hd tfhop` mh dg prhsfùl hl d`s d `s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hl ul o`t`r mh iugtr` ifdflmr`s mh hlihlmfm` p`r iafspg mh gut`o`ifùl `phrglm` g pdhlg gmofsfùl. Dgs juhrths vgrfgif`lhs mh prhsfùl quh tfhlhl ducgr y dg i`opdhnfmgm mhd pr`ihs` hs hvfmhlth. Dg gopdftum mh dgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl guohltg gd agihrd` dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Dg jrhiuhlifg prflifpgd hl gok`s sfsthogs, gmofsfùl y hsigph, i`rrhsp`lmh g dg jrhiuhlifg mh gmofsfùl ` hsigph hl igmg ifdflmr`. L` `kstglth y g phsgr mh dg mfjfiudtgm mhd pr`ihs`, dg gpdfigifùl mh ifhrtgs afpùthsfs sfopdfjfigtfvgs phrofth ddhvgr g igk` hd prhmfsh÷` mhd sfsthog mh j`rog shlifddg y i`l rhsudtgm`s ihrthr`s. Xl hnhopd` mh hdd` hs hd mhl`oflgm` —Oæt`m` mh Giifùl mh @lmgs‟ quh, ohmfglth ul glçdfsfs giþstfi`, mh d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl ` hsigph phrofth gk`rmgr su mfsh÷` ohmfglth pr`ihmfofhlt`s gdchkrgfi`s shlifdd`s. Dg hxphrfhlifg gmqufrfmg i`l dg utfdfzgifùl mh hst`s oæt`m`s mhouhstrg quh pgrg i`lshcufr sflt`lfzgr ul i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl sh mhkh iuopdfr quh dg rhdgifùl rhdgi fùl hltrh dgs jrhiuhlifgs pr`pfgs mhd i`dhit i`dhit`r `r y mhd o`t`r thlcg ul vgd`r prùxfo` g =. Gmhoçs, sh puhmh mho`strgr quh hd çlcud` mh mhsjgsh α mhd crçjfi` 8.6 hs hd rhsudtgm` mh mfvfmfr ul ifid` i`opdht` hltrh mfiag rhdgifùl mh jrhiuhlifgs. Hst` hs>

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

71

 

8.- Jgit`rhs quh fljduyhl hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoæ v`duoætrfi`. trfi`.

Yf sh mfsp`lh mh ul i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl tïpfi`, i`o` hd mh dg fdustrgifùl 8.7, sh puhmh mho`strgr mh j`rog shlifddg quh dgs jrhiuhlifgs pr`pfgs prflifpgdhs mhd i`dhit`r s`l m`s. Dg prfohrg, i`rrhsp`lmfhlth gd rgogd mh d`lcftum D7, shrç>

y dg shculmg, i`rrhsp`lmfhlth gd i`dhit`r i`opdht`, shrç dg s`duifùl mh dg hiugifùl>

 Fdustr. 8.7.- I`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl =-7 (hl chlhrgd z7 - 7).

p`r `tr` dgm`, dg jrhiuhlifg pr`pfg mhd o`t`r shrç>

Xl hnhopd` mh dg sflt`lfzgifùl mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl sh ouhstrg hl hd crçjfi` 8.77. Hl æd sh ouhstrg hd hjhit` mh dg d`lcftum D7  mhd rgogd mhd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl. D`lcftumhs hdhvgmgs, 7951 oo y 755= oo, sflt`lfzgl g kgngs y ohmfgs vhd`ifmgmhs mhd jdun` y, p`r i`lsfcufhlth, mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Dg d`lcftum ogy`r, 7951 oo, sflt`lfzg phrjhitgohlth g kgng vhd`ifmgm phr` su ogd i`op`rtgofhlt` g gdtg vhd`ifmgm dg agihl p`i` gmhiugmg. D`s oçs Crçj.- 8.77.- Yflt`lfzgifùl mhd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl g mfjhrhlths vhd`ifmgmhs mh cfr` vgrfglm` dg d`lcftum mhd i`dhit`r. i`rt`s tfhlhl ulgs igrgithrïstfigs gmhiugmgs g gdtg vhd`ifmgmh mh cfr` phr` ph`rhs g kgng vhd`ifmgm mh cfr`. Yh puhmh `kshrvgr i`o`, g ohmfmg quh hd oçxfo` mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` sh mhspdgzg g dg mhrhiag, mfsofluyh su vgd`r. Hst` sh mhkh g dg mhphlmhlifg iugmrçtfig mh dgs pærmfmgs mh igrcg i`l dg vhd`ifmgm mhd jdun`. @tr` gsphit` fop`rtglth quh sh mhkh thlhr prhshlth g dg a`rg mh mfsh÷gr d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph hs hd mh dgs p`sfkdhs flthrjhrhlifgs hltrh d`s mfstflt`s ifdflmr`s mhd o`t`r. Dg ddhcgmg mh ulg `lmg mh rgrhjgiifùl g ul ifdflmr` ifd flmr` murglth hd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl ` mh ulg `lmg mh prhsfùl murglth hd pr`ihs` mh hsigph mfjfiudtg dg rhl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg y tfhlhl hjhit`s lhcgtfv`s s`krh hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. 76

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

Hl hd crçjfi` 8.7; sh gprhifg i`o` ulg `lmg mh hsigph mhd ifdflmr` 9 ddhcg gd ifdflmr` 7 murglth dg jgsh jflgd mh su pr`ihs` mh hsigph pr`muifhlm` ul guohlt` mh dg prhsfùl mh d`s cgshs rhsfmugdhs quh quhmgl hl æd y pr`v`iglm`, hl i`lshiuhlifg, ul mhsihls` mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`.

Crçjfi` 8.7;.- Y`dgph mh dgs `lmgs mh prhsfùl hl hd i`lmuit` mh hsigph. Ifdflmr` 9 s`krh ifdflmr` 7.

:.- [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Dg vhd`ifmgm mhd jdun` hl hd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl, pfpg y vçdvudg fljduyhl l`tgkdhohlth hl hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. Dgs vhd`ifmgmhs d`igdhs pgrg jdun` iugsfhstgif`lgrf` rhsudtgl mhd i`ifhlth hltrh hd igumgd mhspdgzgm` p`r hd pfstùl y dg shiifùl trglsvhrsgd mhd jdun`. I`o` hd sfsthog y vçdvudgs mh gmofsfùl hstçl g hsigdg i`l hd mfçohtr` mhd ifdflmr`, dgs vhd`ifmgmhs mhd jdun` shrçl julifùl mfrhitg mh dg vhd`ifmgm dflhgd mhd pfstùl. Hl i`lshiuhlifg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` shrç ulg julifùl mh mfiag vhd`ifmgm. Hd crçjfi` :.7 ouhstrg dgs tïpfigs iurvgs mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm dflhgd ohmfg mhd pfstùl i`rrhsp`lmfhlth g m`s o`t`rhs mh gut`oùvfd. Hd rhlmfofhlt` r hlmfofhlt` Crçj.- :.7.- Iurvgs tïpfigs mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi` mh d`s o`t`rhs mh hlihlmfm` pr`v`igm` hs, agkftugdohlth, fljhrf`r gd mh d`s o`t`rhs mfhshd mhkfm`, julmgohltgdohlth, g dgs pærmfmgs hl dg vçdvudg mh ogrfp`sg, gd igdhltgofhlt` igd hltgofhlt` mhd i`dhit`r mh gmofsfùl p`r dg prhshlifg mh i`okustfkdh dïqufm` hl dgs pgrhmhs y g dg ohl`r rhdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl. Dg iurvg mhd o`t`r mfhshd i`l su m`kdh pfi` pruhkg hd hjhit` mh dg sflt`lfzgifùl mhd sfsthog mh gmofsfùl. Hd phrjfd mh dg iurvg mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` jrhlth g dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` puhmh shr hxpdfigmg i`l dg gyumg mhd crçjfi` :.;. Hsth ouhstrg, mh j`rog hsquhoçtfig, i`o` gitþgl, hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr`, d`s mfjhrhlths pgrçohtr`s hstumfgm`s glthrf`rohlth>   7. 7.- (γv ? 7 - Iurvg G)> Hjhit`s  Hjhit`s l` mhphlmfhlths mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` tgdhs i`o`>   G [hdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl.   G [hdgifùl hltrh dgs prhsf`lhs ohmfgs mh hsigph y gmofsfùl. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

;5

 

:.- [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r.

  G M`sgm` mh julif`lgofhlt`.   G I`op`sfifùl mh dg igrcg jrhsig gspfrgmg p`r hd o`t`r (tfp` mh i`okustfkdh y crgm` mh vgp`rfzgifùl) pr`v`igl, hl i`lnult`, ulg mfsofluifùl mhd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` mhspdgzglm` agifg gkgn` y hl pgrgdhd` dg iurvg.   ;.- ( Iur Iur v g G -  Iurvg K)> Hd  igdhltgofhlt` quh sujrh dg  igrcg g d` dgrc` mhd pr`ihs` mh gmofsfùl agih ighr dg iurvg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` agstg dg p`sfifùl K. Yh gprhifg quh dg fljduhlifg mh hsth hjhit` hs ogy`r g vhd`ifmgmhs rhmuifmgs. Hst` sh mhkh g quh dg igltfmgm mh igd`r rhifkfmg p`r dg igrcg jrhsig shrç tglt` ogy`r iuglt` ogy`r shg su tfhop` mh  [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` hl julifùl mh dg vhd`ifmgm  phroglhlifg hl hd sfsthog Crçj.- :.;.-mh cfr`. Fljduhlifg mh mfjhrhlths gsphit`s. (i`lmuit`s mh gmofsfùl y ifdflmr`).   9. 9.-- (Iur (Iurvg vg K - Iurvg I)> Dgs pærmfmgs mh prhsfùl prhsfùl `rfcflgmgs hl hd jdun` g igusg mh dg jrfiifùl mhd jdufm` i`l dgs pgrhmhs mhd i`lmuit` ` kfhl dgs pr`muifmgs p`r mhsprhlmfofhlt`s mh dg i`rrfhlth y j`rogifùl mh t`rkhddfl`s irhihl, tgd y i`o` sh vf` hl su o`ohlt`, i`l hd iugmrgm` mh dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r. Hst` pr`v`ig ulg igïmg mh rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` tglt` ogy`r iuglt` ogy`r hs dg vhd`ifmgm dflhgd ohmfg mhd pfstùl.   =. =.-- (Iur (Iurvg vg I - Iurvg M)> Hd ifhrrh mh dg gmofsfùl hl ulg p`sfifùl jfng pr`v`ig, p`r mhkgn` mh ulg mhthroflgmg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` ùptfog, ul rhjdun` mh cgshs  agifg dg gmofsfùl y, p`r hlifog mh mfiag vhd`ifmgm, ulg flthrrupifùl mh dg hltrgmg mh cgshs  gd ifdflmr`. Gokgs ifriulstglifgs gjhitgl lhcgtfvgohlth rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` y pr`v`igl ulghligïmg mh dg iurvg tglt` ogy`r iuglt` oçs sh shpgrh dggdvhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mh dg ùptfog sh÷gdgmg hd crçjfi`.   8.- (Iurvg M - Iurvg H)> G gdtgs vhd`ifmgmhs mhd o`t`r, sh kd`quhg hd jdun` mh igrcg agifg hd o`t`r mhkfm` gd guohlt` mhd lþohr` mh Ogia ohmf` mh dg i`rrfhlth, hl su pgs` p`r dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. Iuglm` hst` `iurrh, ul flirhohlt` hl dg vhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r l` sup`lh ul guohlt` sfclfjfigtfv` mhd jdun` mh ohzidg y, hl i`lshiuhlifg, hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi` igh.   :. :.-- (Iur (Iurvg vg H -  Iurvg J)> Jflgdohlth, dg  sflt`lfzgifùl mh d`s sfsthogs mh gmofsfùl y hsigph puhmhl flirhohltgr hd rhlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`, g ohlum` hl ulg igltfmgm i`lsfmhrgkdh hl pgrth mhd rglc` mh julif`lgofhlt` mhd o`t`r.

;7

 H.X.F.].Flmustrfgd

 

Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

 L@OHLIDG]X[G g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhd`ifmgm mh pr`pgcgifùl mhd s`lfm` (o/s). Gf  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Çrhg trglsvhrsgd mh pgs` hl hd i`op`lhlth —f‟ (o;). Gp  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Çrhg trglsvhrsgd mhd pfstùl (o;). GGG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gvglih g dg gphrturg mh dg gmofsfùl (¾). GGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gvglih g dg gphrturg mhd hsigph (¾). η 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Çlcud` mh cfr` mhd ifcôh÷gd (¾).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhd`ifmgm ohmfg mhd jdun` hl hd i`op`lhlth —f‟ (o/s).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhd`ifmgm ohmfg mhd pfstùl (o/s).

ij,D  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Igd`r hsphiïjfi` mhd i`okustfkdh dïqufm` (N/bc B). ip, g  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Igd`r hsphiïjfi` mhd gfrh g prhsfùl i`lstglth (N/bc B).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I`hjfifhlth mh cgst` ohmf` mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. Mp  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mfçohtr` mhd pfstùl (o). Mv  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mfçohtr` mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl (o). ∊pf 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Igmg mh prhsfùl p`r jrfiifùl hl hd i`op`lhlth —f‟ (Ug).

γ 

.. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. [ [hhlmfofhlt`.

γf 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hlmfofhlt` flmfigm`.

γv 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`.

j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jrhiuhlifg pr`pfg (Az) J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M`sgm` gks`dut` ` rhdgifùl oçsfig mh i`okustfkdh y gfrh. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gihdhrgifùl mh dg crgvhmgm (o/s;). ι 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hdgifùl mh igd`rhs hsphiïjfi`s.

aj, D  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hltgdpïg shlsfkdh mhd i`okustfkdh hl hstgm` dïqufm` (N/bc). aj, Z  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hltgdpïg shlsfkdh mhd i`okustfkdh hl hstgm` vgp`r (N/bc). a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hdgifùl oçsfig mh gcug y gfrh shi` hl dg ohzidg. Aogx  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gphrturg oçxfog mh dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl (o). Aj   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U`mhr igd`rïjfi` fljhrf`r mhd i`okustfkdh (N/bc). bf  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I`hjfifhlth mh pærmfmgs d`igdhs hl hd i`op`lhlth —f‟. Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

;;

 

 L`ohlidgturg.

D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D`lcftum (o). Dv  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gphrturg mh ulg vçdvudg (o). β   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Igd`r dgthlth mh hvgp`rgifùl (N/bc).

O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg o`dhiudgr mhd cgs hlihrrgm` hl hd ifdflmr` (bc). O   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg o`dhiudgr mhd gfrh (bc). g

Oj   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg o`dhiudgr mhd i`okustfkdh (bc). OA;@  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg o`dhiudgr mhd gcug (bc). Ov  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lþohr` ohmf` mh Ogia hl dg vçdvudg mh gmofsfùl. o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg hlihrrgmg hl hd ifdflmr` (bc). og  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg mh gfrh utfdfzgmg p`r hd o`t`r hl ul ifid` (bc).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cgst` oçsfi` mh gfrh (bc/s). oj   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg mh i`okustfkdh utfdfzgmg p`r hd o`t`r hl ul ifid` (bc).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cgst` oçsfi` mh i`okustfkdh (bc/s).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cgst` oçsfi` mh gcug (bc/s). oo  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogsg mh ohzidg utfdfzgmg p`r hd o`t`r hl ul ifid` (bc).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cgst` oçsfi` mh ohzidg (bc/s). L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U`thlifg (S). Lf  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U`thlifg flmfigmg (S). li  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r (i/s). l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zhd`ifmgm mh cfr` mhd o`t`r (r/s). p

  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urhsfùl pgrifgd mhd gfrh hl i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg (Ug). g, rhj 

pgm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U Urrhsfùl mh gmofsfùl (Ug). pi  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urhsfùl hl hd ifdflmr` (Ug). ph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U Urrhsfùl mh hsigph (Ug). pg, gm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urhsfùl pgrifgd mhd gfrh shi` hl dg gmofsfùl (Ug). pj, gm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urhsfùl pgrifgd mhd i`okustfkdh hl dg gmofsfùl (Ug). pA;@, gm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urhsfùl pgrifgd mhd gcug hl dg gmofsfùl (Ug). UOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uult` ouhrt` fljhrf`r mhd o`t`r. UOY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uult` ouhrt` suphrf`r mhd o`t`r.

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Igpïtud` Z.- [hl`vgifùl mh dg igrcg hl d`s o`t`rhs mh iugtr` tfhop`s. [hlmfofhlt` v`duoætrfi`. v`duoætrfi`.

pgok, vgok, ]gok  . . . . . . . Ur`p Ur`pfhm fhmgm gmhs hs thr thro` o`mf mflç lçof ofig igss mmhd hd go gokf kfhl hlth th qu quhh rrhs hspfr pfrgg hd hd o`t o`t`r `r (Ug, (Ug, o9, B). p7, Z7, ]7  . Ur`pfh Ur`pfhmgmhs mgmhs thro`m thro`mflçofig flçofigss hl hhdd ifdflmr ifdflmr`` gd jf jflgd lgd mhd pr`ihs pr`ihs`` mh gmofsfù gmofsfùll (Ug, o9, B). p;, Z;, ];  Ur`pfhmgmhs thro`mflçofigs hl hd ifdflmr` gd jflgd mhd pr`ihs` mh i`oprhsfùl (Ug, o9, B). W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hdg dgif ifùùl mh jrhiu hiuhlifg fgss pr`pfg fgss mhd i`dh dhiit` t`rr mh gmofsfù fùll y mhd o`t` t`rr. W ... .... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... .. I Iggd`r (N).   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jdun` igd`rïjfi` (S). [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I`lstglth ulfvhrsgd mh d`s cgshs phrjhit`s (N/o`d B). ri  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [hdgifùl mh i`oprhsfùl v`duoætrfig. [IG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [htrgs` gd ifhrrh mh dg gmofsfùl (¾). [IH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [htrgs` gd ifhrrh mhd hsigph (¾). χ  . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mhlsfmgm (bc/o9).

χg, rhj  

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mhlsfmgm mhd gfrh shi` hl i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg (bc/o9).

χ

  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mhlsfmgm mh dg ohzidg hl i`lmfif`lhs mh rhjhrhlifg (bc/o9).

o, rhj 

]gm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]hophrgturg mh gmofsfùl (B). ] rhj   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]hophrgturg mh rhjhrhlifg (B). ] rhjr  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]hophrgturg mhd rhjrfchrglth (B). Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z`duohl (o9) Zi  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z`duohl mh dg içogrg mh i`okustfùl (o9). Zm   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Iffdflmrgmg ulftgrfg (o9). Zt  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ifdflmrgmg t`tgd (o9). x   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jrgii iifù fùll oçsfig mh i`okustf tfkkdh hv hvgp gp``rg rgmm` hl hd sfs fsttho hogg mh gm gmo ofs fsffùl. hv

xr  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jrgiifùl oçsfig mh rhsfmugdhs hl dg içogrg mh i`okustfùl. z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lþohr` mh ifdflmr`s.

Yfsthogs Guxfdfgrhs mh O`t`rhs y Oçquflgs

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 KFKDF@C[GJÏG   7. 7.-- Khlgn Khlgnhs hs,, N.> "Gi`ustfi Sgvhs O`mhds" . IHI I@OH]] Ur`crgoh. I`ursh `l> —Cgs Hxiaglch

Ur`ihss fl F. I. Hlcflhs‟ IO]-XUZ, 7667.   ;. ;.-- Ahyw`` Ahyw``m, m, N.K.> N.K.> "Flthrlgd I`okustf`l Hlcflh Julmgohltgds" . OiCrgw-Afdd, 7611.   9.- Mhsglths, Mhsglths, N.O.2 I`rkhrçl, I`rkhrçl, N.O.2 Uhfmrù, N.> "Glçdfsfs hl Jrhiuhlifg mh I`dhit`rhs (F). ]h`rïg  Giþstfig" . ZFF I`lcrhs` Lgif`lgd mh Flchlfhrïg Ohiçlfig, 761:.

  =.- Mhsglt Mhsglths, hs, N.O.2 N.O.2 Uhfmrù, Uhfmrù, N.2 [`y`, [`y`, [.> "Glçdfsfs hl Jrhiuhlifg mh I`dhit`rhs (FF). Gpdfigifùl gd Içdiud` mh Jrhiuhlifgs Ur`pfgs" . ZFF I`lcrhs` Lgif`lgd mh Flchlfhrïg Ohiçlfig, 761:.

  8.- Ou÷`z, Ou÷`z, O.2 Ugyrf, Ugyrf, J.> "O`t`rhs mh I`okustfùl Flthrlg Gdthrlgtfv`s" . Y. Uukds. XUZ, 761=.   :.- Ugyrf, Ugyrf, J2 Khlgnhs Khlgnhs N.. N..>> "O`mhdgm` mh dg [hl`vgifùl mh dg Igrcg hl O`t`rhs mh I`okustfùl  Flthrlg Gdthrlgtfv`s" . Gpulths mhd oçsthr mh gut`o`ifùl XUO (Gsfc. ;73K, Igpïtud` 9), 7669.

  3. 3.-- ]gyd` ]gyd`r, r, I.J.> I.J.> "]ah Flthrlgd I`okustf`l Hlcflh fl ]ah`ry glm Urgitfih" . OF] Urhss, 7618.

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