rendimiento eficiencia maquinas electricas

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN  AGUSTIN  AGUST IN FACULTAD DE PRODUCCION Y SERVICIOS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA ELECTRICA

LABORATORIO DE MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS I

ENSAYO CON CARGA PARA DETERMINAR LA EFICIENCIA EN EL TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA MONOFÁSICO 2017 

DOCENTE

: LUIS CHIRINOS

 ALUMNO  ALUMNO MIGUEL ANGEL CAHUANA HUANACUNE GRUPO

: A  AREQUIPA  AREQUIP A –PERU 2016

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DE PRODUCCIÓN Y SERVICIOS PROGRAMA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA ELÉCTRICA CURSO: LABORATORIO DE MÁQUINAS ELÉCTRICAS I GUIA DE LABORATORIO  Nº 5

ENSAYO CON CARGA PARA DETERMINAR LA EFICIENCIA EN EL TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA MONOFÁSICO I.

OBJETIVOS

Verificr e! c"#$"r%#ie&%" 'e! %r(f"r#'"r )*" cr+ , 'e%er#i&ci-& 'e !( crc%er.(%ic( 'e re+/!ci-&0

II.

MARCO TEORICO

L eficie&ci e& !"( %r&(f"r#'"re(0

  POTENCIA DE SALIDA   POTENCIA DE SALIDA  EFICIENCIA = =  POTENCIA DE ENTRADA  POTENCIA DE SALIDA + PERDIDAS (Cu y Fe )

E& 1ir%/' 'e 2/e ! c$ci'' 'e /& %r&(f"r#'"r e(%3 )(' e& (/ $"%e&ci 'e (!i'4 e(% ec/ci-& (e $/e'e e(cri)ir c"#":

 EFICIENCIA =

 KVA SALIDA × FP  KVA SALIDA × FP + PERD EN EL NUCLEO + PERD DEVANADOS

Regula!"# e# l$% &'a#%($')a*$'e%+ L re+/!ci-& (e 'efi&e c"#" /& e$re(i-& #%e#3%ic 2/e re!ci"& ! %e&(i-& 'e 1c." , ! %e&(i-& 'e /& 'e%er#i&' cr+ e$re('" c"#" /& frcci-& 'e ! %e&(i-& &"#i&! ,  $/e'e 'r(e %#)i6& e& $"rce&%*e(0 E! c"&"ci#ie&%" 'e! re&'i#ie&%" 'e c/!2/ier #32/i&4 'i($"(i%i1" " (i(%e# %ie&e /& +r& i#$"r%&ci $"r e! 1!"r ec"&-#ic" 2/e e!!" re$"r%4 %&%" 'e('e e! $/&%" 'e 1i(% 'e! c"(%" 'e "$erci-& c"#" 'e! #)ie&%!0 E& +e&er! e! re&'i#ie&%" 'e /& #32/i&4 &"r#!#e&%e

i&'ic'" c"& ! !e%r +rie+ e% 74 e(%3 ''" $"r e! c"cie&%e 'e !( $"%e&ci( 'e (!i' , 'e e&%r': E& !( #32/i&( e!6c%ric(4 c"#" e& "%r"( c("( %#)i6&4 "c/rre 2/e !( 'e #,"r $"%e&ci ("& !( #3( eficie&%e(0 E(%" (e $/e'e 'e#"(%rr &!i8&'" c-#" 1r.& !( $6r'i'( , c-#" !" 9ce ! $"%e&ci 'e ! #32/i&0 E& efec%" %&%" !( $6r'i'( e& e! 9ierr" PFe c"#" !( 'e! c")re PC/ 'e$e&'e&4  i+/!'' 'e c"&'ici"&e( 'e 'i(e" , #%eri!e(4 'e !"( re($ec%i1"( 1"!;#e&e( 'e 9ierr" VFe , c")re VC/4 e( 'ecir 'e! c/)" 'e !( 'i#e&(i"&e( !i&e!e(:

P"r "%r" !'" ! $"%e&ci $re&%e 'e ! #32/i& 1!e:

C"#" e& ! #,"r. 'e !"( c("( ! 'ifere&ci e&%re ! %e&(i-& U , ! f/er8 e!ec%r"#"%ri8 i&'/ci' E e( #/, $e2/e4 (e $/e'e $"&er:

A2/. %#)i6&  i+/!'' 'e c"&'ici"&e( 'e 'i(e" , 'e #%eri!e(4 ! f/er8 e!ec%r"#"%ri8 i&'/ci' 'e$e&'e 'e ! (ecci-& 'e! &;c!e" , ! c"rrie&%e 'e ! (ecci-& 'e! c"&'/c%"r< $"r !" %&%" ! $"%e&ci $re&%e e( f/&ci-& 'e !( 'i#e&(i"&e( !i&e!e(  ! c/r% $"%e&ci0 E&%"&ce(  #e'i' 2/e /#e&%& !( 'i#e&(i"&e( 'e ! #32/i&4 crece #3( r3$i'#e&%e (/  $"%e&ci 2/e (/( $6r'i'( , $"r !" %&%" #e*"r (/ re&'i#ie&%"0 L#e&%)!e#e&%e &" %"'" e( %& (e&ci!!" , e& !( #32/i&( 'e +r& $"%e&ci $rece& "%r"( fc%"re( 2/e c"#$!ic& (/ f/&ci"&#ie&%"4 $"r e*e#$!" ! f"r# 'e e1c/r e! c!"r 2/e $r"'/ce& !( $6r'i'( $r

#&%e&er ! %e#$er%/r 'e "$erci-& 'e&%r" 'e !"( !.#i%e( '#i%i'"( $"r !"( #%eri!e( i(!&%e(0

DETERMINACION DEL RENDIMIENTO

Me*!!"# *!'e&a U& f"r# 'e ")%e&er e! re&'i#ie&%" 'e /& #32/i& e( #e'ir !( $"%e&ci( )("r)i' P= 4 ! 'e (!i' P> , re!i8r (/ c"cie&%e:

E& ! fi+/r (e #/e(%r e(2/e#3%ic#e&%e /& $"(i)!e circ/i%" $r 9cer e(( #e'ici"&e(:

De%er#i&ci-& Direc% Si )ie& e& /& %r&(f"r#'"r #)( $"%e&ci( ("& e!6c%ric( , $"r !" %&%" f3ci!e( 'e #e'ir4 (e $re(e&%& "%r"( $r")!e#(0 L"( %r&(f"r#'"re( ("& #32/i&( 2/e (e c"&(%r/,e& $r  $"%e&ci( #/, +r&'e( , $/e'e re(/!%r i#$"(i)!e 'i($"&er %!e( $"%e&ci( e& !"( !)"r%"ri"(4 !" #i(#" 2/e !( cr+( '"&'e 'i(i$r!(0 E(%e $r")!e# (e $re(e&% ;& e& !"( %r&(f"r#'"re( 'e 'i(%ri)/ci-&4 2/e (i )ie& ("& 'e $"%e&ci( #e&"re(4 ("& !"( #3( /%i!i8'"(0 U& $r")!e# 'ici"&! $rece e& e! c3!c/!" 'e ! $"%e&ci 'e $6r'i'( P$er 2/e re(/!% 'e ! 'ifere&ci 'e '"( #+&i%/'e( $r-i#( e&%re (. , ! 9cer ! $r"$+ci-& 'e err"re(4 e! re(/!%'" $/e'e 2/e'r c"& /& err"r re!%i1" i&'#i(i)!e0 U& e*e#$!" &/#6ric" $/e'e c!rr ! (i%/ci-&: (/$-&+(e 2/e !( $"%e&ci( 1!e& P= ? =@@@  , P> ? 5@  !" 2/e 'r. /& re&'i#ie&%" 'e! 5 , /& $"%e&ci 'e $6r'i'( 'e 5@ 0 Si c' /& 'e !(  $"%e&ci( (e #i'e c"& /& err"r re!%i1" 'e $r"i#'#e&%e =4 e( 'ecir =@ 4 !  $"%e&ci P= i&'ic' $"r e! %%.#e%r" 'e ! e&%r' e(%r. c"#$re&'i' e&%re !"( 1!"re(:

Y ! $"%e&ci P> e&%re:

Si ! #! (/er%e 9ce 2/e /&" 'e !"( %%.#e%r" i&'i2/e $"r 'efec%" , e! "%r" $"r ece("4 !  $"%e&ci 'e $6r'i'( re(/!%r. e&%re !"( 1!"re(:

E&%"&ce(4 re($ec%" 'e! 1!"r ec%" 'e 5@  re(/!%r.:

De&e')!#a!"# a ,a'&!' *el !'u!&$ e-u!ale#&e C"#" e& e! c(" 'e! %r&(f"r#'"r e! circ/i%" e2/i1!e&%e e( /& #"'e!" 2/e (e $r"i# #/c9"  ! re!i'' , (/( $r3#e%r"( (e $/e'e& 'e%er#i&r c"& fci!i'' , ec%i%/'4 ;& e& /&i''e( 'e +r& $"%e&ci4 e( $referi)!e 'e%er#i&r e! re&'i#ie&%"  $r%ir 'e! #i(#"4 2/e e( ! f"r# i&'ic' e& !( &"r#( , $"r !" %&%" (e 'e&"#i& c"&1e&ci"&!0

E& /& %r&(f"r#'"r #"&"f3(ic" e(( $"%e&ci( 1!e&:

D"&'e U> +e&er!#e&%e e( e! 1!"r &"#i&! U>& 2/e e( c"&(%&%e< ! c"rrie&%e I> , e! fc%"r 'e $"%e&ci c"( H> 'efi&e& ! cr+ $r ! c/! (e 2/iere c!c/!r e! re&'i#ie&%"4 e( 'ecir (e e!i+e&0 C"#" (e e(%3 %r)*&'" c"& #+&i%/'e( 'e! (ec/&'ri"4 !"( $r3#e%r"( re , R$ 'e)e& e(%r referi'"(  e(e rr"!!#ie&%"0

C"#" ! %e&(i-& (ec/&'ri 'e! %r&(f"r#'"r 1r. #/, $"c" c"& ! cr+4 ! $"%e&ci $re&%e 'e (!i'4 2/e  1ece( (e ! i&'ic c"#" cr+ 4 e& $"r /&i''4 re(/!%  $r3c%ic#e&%e i+/!  ! c"rrie&%e 'e (!i'4 %#)i6& e& $"r /&i'':

F"r# #/, c-#"' , 2/e /%i!i8 !( $"%e&ci( #e'i'( e& !"( e&(,"( e& c"r%"circ/i%" , e& 1c." e& $/0

Re&'i#ie&%" , P6r'i'( e& F/&ci-& 'e ! cr+ e& $/0

Re#*!)!e#&$ )/0!)$ E( 'ecir 2/e e! #3i#" 'e! re&'i#ie&%" (e $r"'/ce c/&'" !( $6r'i'( e& e! c")re c/'r3%ic(J ("& i+/!e( ! !( 'e! 9ierr" c"&(%&%eJ0

RENDIMIENTO CÍCLICO

L i#$"r%&ci 'e! c"&"ci#ie&%" 'e! re&'i#ie&%" 'e /& #32/i& r'ic e& 2/e  $r%ir 'e! #i(#" (e $/e'e ")%e&er ! $"%e&ci 'e $6r'i'( P$er , c"& 6(% c!c/!r e! c"(%" 'e "$erci-& 'e e( #32/i&0

C"#" !" 2/e (e $+ e( ! e&er+. $er'i' $er $r ")%e&er! (e 'e)er3 i&%e+rr !  $"%e&ci 'e $6r'i'( e& e! i&%er1!" 'e(e'":

A fi& 'e ")%e&er 'irec%#e&%e e(% e&er+. 'e $6r'i'(4 (e 'efi&e /& re&'i#ie&%"4 (e#e*&%e ! 'e ! ec/ci-& KJ4 $er" e& )(e  e&er+.(:

Pr c!c/!r !( re($ec%i1( e&er+.( (e 'e)e e(%)!ecer /& 'e%er#i&'" i&%er1!" 'e %ie#$" ,4 $"r r8"&e( $r3c%ic(4 c"&1ie&e %"#r /& !$(" e& e! 2/e !( c"&'ici"&e( 'e cr+ 'e! %r&(f"r#'"r (e 1/e!1&  re$e%ir4 $"r e*e#$!" > 9"r(4 /& (e#&4 /& #e(4 e%c0 C"#"  $r 2/e !"( re(/!%'"( (e& 1erce(4 !( c"&'ici"&e( 'e cr+ (e 'e)e& re$e%ir c.c!ic#e&%e4 ! re&'i#ie&%" c!c/!'" 'e e(% f"r# (e !" 'e&"#i& re&'i#ie&%" c.c!ic"0

III.      

IV.

ELEMENTOS A UTILI1AR  @= Tr&(f"r#'"r 'e $"%e&ci #"&"f3(ic" 'e 5@@ VA4 >>@==@ V @= M/!%.#e%r" 'i+i%! @> A#$er.#e%r" @5 A @> V"!%.#e%r" 'e @@@ V @= V%.#e%r" #"&"f3(ic" C"&'/c%"re( e!6c%ric"( 1ri"( @= re(i(%e&ci 1ri)!e @= P/e&%e 'e 9e%(%"&e @= Vric #"&"f3(ic" ACTIVIDADES

Ar#r e! circ/i%" 'e ! fi+/r '*/&%4 c"&ec%r !( re(i(%e&ci( 'e cr+ $re1i#e&%e c!c/!'" $r $!e& cr+ 'e! %r&(f"r#'"rJ $"r e! !'" 'e A0T0 , !i#e&%r e! %r&(f"r#'"r  %e&(i-& , frec/e&ci &"#i&!e(0

Vrir ! c"rrie&%e 'e cr+ I>J 'e('e @4 =A4 >A4 A4 9(% =@@4 'e (/ 1!"r I &"#i&! re+i(%r&'" !( !ec%/r( 'e %"'"( !"( i&(%r/#e&%"(0 V> V"!%J A> A#$J ==> 2.2 ==> 2.6 ==@ 5.2 ==@ 5.6 ==@ 3.2 ==@ 3.6 =@ 4.2 =@ 4.6 =@ :.2 S (A1*V1)   48.30   87.40 142.60   193.20     259.90   310.50 364.80     399.00   467.4

V= V"!%J A= A#$J 342 2.35 342 2.47 342 2.83 342 2.7: 342 5.54 342 5.46 337 5.82 337 5.96 337 3.26

  %%i"(

35.2 72.2 549.2 5;5.2 362.2 422.2 466.2 :52.2 :92.2

ACOS(P/S) 64.23 23.75 16.11 8.65 15.87 14.94 13.31 0;i0.230 0;i0.105

De( e&er+i8r e! circ/i%" , c"#$!e%r e! c/'r" > c"& ! i&f"r#ci-& re+i(%r' e& ! %)!=4 re(!%&'" e& $/&%" '"&'e (e $r"'/ce ! #e*"r eficie&ci4 &!i8r e! c"#$"r%#ie&%" 'e ! re!ci-& 'e %r&(f"r#ci-& c!c/!'" $r %e&(i-& , $r c"rrie&%e , ! re+/!ci-&0

A