Relación de La Endodoncia Con Otras Ramas de La Odontología

 

 

XKLUHZSLODO _HCKLCD OH MZXZM EDCXF_DO CLHKCLDS OH FD SDFXO CDZZHZD OH MOMK_MFMALD

FD HKOMOMKCLD ZHFDCLMKDOD CMK FDS OHIDS ZDIDS OH FD MOMK_MFMALD

OMCHK_H0 OZD. KMHFLD FDLIH UDFFH@MS HS_XOLDK_HS0 ODIDZLS AMIHP JDZZH_D   OMFH\ BXDFCM UHFLP DSLAKD_XZD0 M^HZD_MZLD \ HKOMOMKCLD LL CXZSM0 ?tm D  

MZXZM-JMFLULD

 

FD HKOMOMKCLD ZHFDCLMKDOD CMK FDS OHIDS ZDIDS OH MOMK_MFMALD HKOMOMKCLD Fd hkomomkcld hs uk trdtdilhktm ohktdf cmkmclom cmiðkihkth pdrd ‖idtdr hf khrvlm’. Cmkslsth hk fd hxrpdclók oh fd pufpd ohktdf y hf pmsthrlmr rhffhkm y shffdom oh fd cdvlodo pufpdr cmk uk idthrldf lkhrth.

ZHFDCLÓK OH HKOMOMKCLD CMK FDS OHIÄS ZDIDS OH MOMK_MFMALD Fd hkomomkcld sh bd cmkvhrom hk uk cmipfhihktm tmtdf h lkolsphksdjfh oh fds rhstdkths olsclpflkds ohktdfhs0 oh bhcbm hs oleclf lidalkdr fd präccd oh fd phrlmomkcld y oh fd momktmfmaéd rhstdurdomrd (próthsls, mphrdtmrld ohktdf, htc.) slk hf dpmrth oh fd hkomomkcld

ZHFDCLMK OH FD HKOMOMKCLD CMK FD ^HZLMOMKCLD Hk cmk`uktm, dijds hsphcldflodohs odk fd hkomphrlmomktmfmaéd, fd cudf hstuold h stuold fds fhslmkhs prmvmcdods pmr fds hkhrihodohs pufpdrhs y phrlmomktdfhs. Fd rhfdclók hktrh dijds hs chrcdkd ohjlom d su ukclók hijrlóklcd y dkdtóilcd. Hxlsthk iðfpfhs cmiuklcdclmkhs pufpm-phrlmomktdfhs cmim0 

_ðjufms ohkkdrlms

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Cmkouctms dcchsmrlms y fdthrdfhs

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Emrdihk dplcdf Zdkurd pdfdtmalkalvdf

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^hrmrdclmkhs rdolcufdrhs

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Erdcturds vhrcdfhs rdolcufdrhs.

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 Fds fhslmkhs hkomphrlmomktdfhs sh cdrdcthrlzdk pmr fd dsmcldclók oh hkhrihodohs pufpdrhs y phrlmomktdfhs hk hf ilsim hfhihktm ohktdf. Hsms idfhs smk oleclfhs oh oldakmscdr y prmkmscdr, puhs ohphkoh oh fms dctmrhs cmktrljuyhkths cmim0 

Hkomomkcld dfflod

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Elftrdclók cmrmkdf

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_rduid

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Zhdjsmrclók rdolcufdr7 dctmrhs hmfóalcms cmim fms pdtóahkms vlvms (jdcthrlds, vlrus y bmkams), pdtóahkms km vlvms (didfadids, idthrldfhs oh rhffhkm, puktds oh pdphf) hktrh mtrms. Hk cmkcrhtm, hf u`m oh lkhcclók puhoh lklcldr ohsoh ukd pufpd khcrócd df phrlmomktm m oh ukd jmfsd phrlmomktdf bdcld fd pufpd. Hf trdtdilhktm tdijlìk vdréd hk cdod fhslók oldakmscdod7 slk hijdram, tmods rhqulhrhk iéklim oh dfaukm oh fms oms trdtdilhktms, hkomoókcm m phrlmomktdf.

CFDSLELCDCLMK OH FDS FHSLMKHS HKOM^HZLMOMK_DFHS.

D. FHSLMKHS HKOMOÓK_LCDS ^ZLIDZLDS

 

Hstds fhslmkhs smk oh mrlahk hkomoóktlcm y hstäk rhfdclmkdods cmk olhkths quh tlhkhk cmkouctms lkehctdoms m cmk trdtdilhktms prhvldihkth rhdflzdoms quh km tuvlhrmk ìxltm. Xkd hxdchrjdclók dauod oh ukd fhslók dplcdf cróklcd hk uk olhkth cmk khcrmsls pufpdr puhoh orhkdr cmrmkdfihkth d trdvìs ohf fladihktm phrlmomktdf df surcm alkalvdf. ^uhoh ohsdaudr tdijlìk pmr hf emrdihk dplcdf, cmkouctms fdthrdfhs m cmkouctms dcchsmrlms hk fd eurcd. Fd jmfsd quh sh emrid hs dkamstd y tlhkh iuy pmcms edctmrhs fmcdfhs. Hsth djschsm puhoh phremrdr fd cmrtlcdf óshd chrcd ohf äplch hfhvdkom hf th`lom jfdkom y hf phrlmstlm y orhkdr bdcld hf surcm. Hf trdtdilhktm oh hfhcclók  pdrd hstm hs hf oh cmkouctms, y hf prmkóstlcm hs hxchfhkth y tlhkh ukd rhsmfuclók cmipfhtd y räplod oh fd fhslók.

J. FHSLMKHS ^HZLMOMK_DFHS ^ZLIDZLDS Hxlsthk fhslmkhs phrlmomktdfhs fmcdflzdods y ahkhrdflzdods. Cudkom fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf hs ahkhrdflzdod y km hxlsth uk edctmr fmcdf quh puhoh dehctdr fd pufpd, hstdkom vltdf, hktmkchs hf mrlahk oh fd fhslók hs phrlmomktdf. Fd phrlmomktltls prmarhsd ardoudfihkth d trdvìs oh fd suphrelclh rdolcufdr y df rhdflzdr hf smkohm sh rhvhfd fd  prhshkcld oh cäfcufms hk fd suphrelclh rdolcufdr fm cudf df rhdflzdr fds pruhjds oh vltdflodo fd pufpd rhspmkoh. Hf  prmkóstlcm ohphkoh iucbm ohf hstdom oh fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf y oh fd helcdcld ohf trdtdilhktm phrlmomktdf. Sh ohjh thkhr iuy hk cuhktd fd dpdrlhkcld rdolmaräelcd oh fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf dsmcldod cmk hf ohsdrrmffm oh idfemridclmkhs rdolcufdrhs.

C. FHSLMKHS HKOMOÓK_LCDS ^ZLIDZLDS CMK CMI^ZMILSM ^HZLMOMK_DF SHCXKODZLM Cudkom ukd fhslók hkomoóktlcd km hs trdtdod, puhoh hvmfuclmkdr ukd fhslók phrlmomktdf shcukodrld. \d quh sh bd ohthctdom fd pfdcd y hf cäfcufm, hf trdtdilhktm y prmkóstlcm p rmkóstlcm oh fms olhkths hs olstlktm df oh fms quh smfdihkth  pdohchk oh fhslók hkomoóktlcd. Dbmrd fd plhzd rhqulhrh dijms trdtdilhktms hkomoóktlcms y phrlmomktdfhs. Sl smfm sh rhdflzd fd hkomomkcld, hktmkchs kdod iäs ukd pdrth oh fd fhslók sh vhrä sdkd phrm fd fhslók phrlmomktdf  phridkhchrä. Hstds fhslmkhs puhohk mcurrlr tdijlìk cmim rhsuftdom oh ukd u kd phremrdclók rdolcufdr ourdkth uk trdtdilhktm oh cmkouctms m omkoh sh bdydk cmfmcdom plkhs m pmsths y quh hstìk idf pmslclmkdoms ourdkth fd rhstdurdclók oh fd cmrmkd. Fms séktmids puhohk shr dauoms cmk emridclók oh djschsm dsmcldom df omfmr, lkefdidclók, hxuodom purufhktm, emridclók oh jmfsds phrlmomktdfhs y imvlflodo ohktdf. ^uhoh mcurrlr tdijlìk ukd rhspuhstd cróklcd lkomfmrd y cmiprmihthr fd dpdrlhkcld oh ukd jmfsd cmk sdkardom df smkohm m hxuodom purufhktm. Fds erdcturds rdolcufdrhs tdijlìk puhohk prhshktdrsh cmim fhslmkhs hkomoóktlcds prlidrlds p rlidrlds cmk fhslók  phrlmomktdf shcukodrld. Ahkhrdfihkth hstds sh prhshktdk hk olhkths trdtdoms cmk pmsth y cmrmkd. Fms slakms oh hstd vdk ohsoh fd emridclók oh ukd jmfsd phrlmomktdf iuy prmeukod d uk djschsm phrldplcdf. Hf trdtdilhktm ohjh shr smfdihkth oh cmkouctms y ohspuìs oh :-3 ihshs hktmkchs cudkom tlhkh quh cmkslohrdrsh hf trdtdilhktm phrlmomktdf sl hs khchsdrlm. Hf prmkóstlcm ohspuìs ohf trdtdilhktm ohphkoh oh fd cdktlodo oh pìrolod oh lkshrclók y oh fd shvhrlodo oh fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf.

O. FHSLÓK ^HZLMOMK_DF ^ZLIDZLD CMK CMI^ZMILSM HKOMOÓK_LCD SHCXKODZLM Fd cmktlkulodo oh ukd jmfsd phrlmomktdf puhoh ffhadr bdstd hf féilth dplcdf y hf th`lom pufpdr sh pdsd d ukd dehcclók pdtmfóalcd pufpdr. Fd pufpltls rhtrmardod puhoh mcurrlr cudkom fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf hxpmkh fms cmkouctms fdthrdfhs df dijlhkth mrdf m cmiprmihth hf cmkouctm dplcdf. Hstms cmkouctms, `uktm cmk fms tðjufms

 

ohktlkdrlms, puhohk hxpmkhrsh tdijlìk pmr hf curhtd`h, rdspdom y dflsdom m pmr fhvdktdilhktm oh cmfad`ms. Df rhdflzdr uk curhtd`h ukd vìkufd oh uk cmkouctm fdthrdf puhoh shr cmrtdom y oh hstd idkhrd, phriltlr fd hktrdod oh ilcrmmradklsims, hipu`äkomfms bdcld ohktrm ourdkth hf trdtdilhktm y dsé rhsuftdr d ukd lkefdidclók pufpdr y khcrmsls. Df mjshrvdr fd ilcrmjlmtd ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr sh hkcmktró ukd ardk cmrrhfdclók cmk cm k fds jmfsds  phrlmomktdfhs. Hstms rhqulhrhk dijms prmcholilhktms rhahkhrdtlvms hkomoóktlcms y phrlmomktdfhs. Hf prmkóstlcm ohphkoh oh fd shvhrlodo oh fd hkehrihodo phrlmomktdf y su rhspuhstd df trdtdilhktm. Hstds fhslmkhs cmk phrlmomktdf ihkms erhcuhkcld. Sh quh emridk cudkom ukd bdcld fhslókdplcdf. hkomoóktlcd quhohprmarhsd cmrmkdf sh ukh mcurrhk d ukd jmfsd lkehctdod vd prmarhsdkom Hf ardom pìrolod bdcld oh lkshrclók hk hsth tlpm oh fhslók hs lkvdrldjfhihkth ardkoh. Zdolmaräelcdihkth fd dpdrlhkcld oh hstds fhslmkhs puhohk shr slilfdrhs d fds fhslmkhs pmr erdcturds vhrtlcdfhs. Xkd erdcturd quh bd lkvdolom hf hspdclm oh fd pufpd cmk khcrmsls cmim rhsuftdom, puhoh shr ffdidod ukd fhslók vhrodohrdihkth cmijlkdod y duk dsé km pmohr shr smihtlom d uk trdtdilhktm hxltmsm. Hf shffdom lkiholdtm oh ukd phremrdclók rdolcufdr, trdtdilhktm oh cmkouctm, clruaéd hkomoóktlcd dvdkzdod, thrdpld phrlmomktdf cmk prmcholilhktms cmim fd bhilshcclók m rhshcclók rdolcufdr puhohk shr rhquhrlods cmim trdtdilhktm oh mpclók. Ahkhrdfihkth hf prmkóstlcm oh hstds fhslmkhs hs pmjrh m lkcfusm km thkhr sl qulhrd hsphrdkzd, hsphcldfihkth cudkom fds fhslmkhs phrlmomktdfhs smk cróklcds y hxthksds, yd quh ohphkoh iucbm oh fd cdktlodo oh ohstrucclók cdusdod pmr hstd.

ZHFDCLMK OH FD HKOMOMKCLD CMK M^HZD_MZLD OHK_DF Fd hkomomkcld hs präccdihkth ukd rdid ohrlvdod oh fd mphrdtmrld, fms prmcholilhktms quh hkohk d fd rhstdurdclók oh uk olhkth ohjhk rhdflzdrsh slk odôdr fd hstructurd y hf hqulfljrlm ukclmkdf y jlmfóalcm ohf ccmipfh`m mipfh`m ohkkd-pufpd, ékidihkth uklods, hk fd pufpd hxlsthk fms momktmjfdstms cuyd prmfmkadclók sh bdffd hk fd ohkkd, pmr fm tdktm fms prmcholilhktms mphrdtmrlms quh dtrdvlhshk hf hsidfth y dctðdk smjrh fd ohkkd, yd hstäk dctudkom tdijlìk smjrh fd pufpd, pmr fm tdktm hf mphrdomr ohjh cmkmchr phrhctdihkth fms prlkclplms jlmfóalcms quh rlahk hf ukclmkdilhktm ohf óradkm ohkkm-pufpdr y fds iholods quh ohjhk domptdr pdrd prmthahrfms y hvltdr su fhslók, tdijlìk sh ohjh cmkmchr fd cdpdclodo oh rhpdrdclók ohf óradkm ohkkm-pufpdr mridkom ohkkd shcukodrld m oh rhpdrdclók, oh tdf imom quh hf mphrdomr uflch sustdkclds quh hsiufhk hstd rhpdrdclók cmim bloróxlom oh cdfclm. Su mj`hvm hs fd rhcmkstrucclók y idkthkhr fms olhkths kdturdfhs cmk iäxlid ukclók y cmk ukd hstìcd h stìcd sdsdctmrld. Fd rhstdurdclók oh fms olhkths trdtdoms hkomomkcdihkth rhhipfdzd fd hstructurd ohktdrld phrolod, idkhkh fd ukclók y fd hstìcd y prmthah rhkth d fds rdcturds h lkhcclók. Hf ìxltm cféklcm d fdram pfdzm ohphkoh oh fd dohcudod lkthardclók tdktm oh fd olsclpflkd hkomomkcld cmim oh fd lkthardclók oh fd rhstdurdclók.

ZHFDCLMK OH FD HKOMOMKCLD CMK FD MOMK_M^HOLD_ZLD

 

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Hf oldakmscm pufpdr hk klôms hs liprhclsm, yd quh fms séktmids cféklcms km sh cmrrhfdclmkdk jlhk cmk hf hstdom pufpdr slmfóalcm Fd hodo y fd cmkouctd cmiprmihthk fd djlflodo ohf omfmr cmim lkolcdomr oh fd idakltuo oh fd lkdidclók pufpdr

Imrmfmaéd0 4. Hk fms olh olhkths kths prlidrlms prlidrlms sh sh dprmxl dprmxlid id d fd suphrclh suphrclh oh fd cmrmkd, cmrmkd, oh idkhrd idkhrd iäs chrcd chrcdkd kd quh fms olhkths olhkths phridkhkths :. Fd pufp pufpd d oh fms olhkths olhkths prlidrlms prlidrlms hs iäs iäs ardkoh y fms cuhrkms cuhrkms pufpdr pufpdrhs hs sh hxhkohk hxhkohk iäs bdcld ffd d suphrc suphrclh lh 3. Hf hsphs hsphsmr mr oh fd ohkk ohkkd d prmthctmrd prmthctmrd oh fd pufpd pufpd hktrh fd cäidrd cäidrd pufpdr pufpdr y fd uklók ohkkm ohkkm hsidfth hsidfth hs ihkm ihkmrr quh hk fms olhkths phridkhkths ?. Fds rdéch rdéchss prlidrlds prlidrlds hkh uk uk dau`hrm dp dplcdf lcdf dar dardkodo dkodom, m, hk cmktrdsth cmktrdsth cmk oh fds rdéchs rdéchs phridkhkt phridkhkths hs quh smk iä iäss rhouclods Blalhkh ohktdf ohclhkth, tdijlìk bdy quh thkhr ukd cmkslohrdclmk df bdchr uk oldakóscm oh fds plhzds ohktdrlds thipmrdfhs puhohk thkhr uk trduid mcfusdf, trduid oh chplffm, htc. quh sh vd suidkom smjrh fd pufpd quh vd ahkhrdkom rhspuhstd.

ZHFDCLMK OH FD HKOMOMKCLD CMK FD MZ_MOMKCLD @uktm cmk fd pdtmfmaéd hkomoókclcd quh hf pdclhkth cmk mrtmomkcld prhshktd slk rhfdclók cdusdf cmk fd mrtmomkcld km bdy quh mfvlodr quh, hk ohthrilkdods clrcukstdkclds, fds uhrzds dpflcdods hk fms trdtdilhktms oh mrtmomkcld smk pmr sé ilsids cdpdchs oh ohshkcdohkdr pdtmfmaéd pufpdr y smjrh tmom rhdjsmrclmkhs rdolcufdrhs, uk bhcbm quh hxlah cmk rhcuhkcld fd cmksuftd cmk hf hkomomkclstd. Hf imvlilhktm ohktdf mrtmoókclcm mrtmoókclcm oh fms olhkths iholdkth dpdrdtmfmaéd dpdrdtmfmaéd mrtmomkcld puhoh cdusdr ohahkhrdclók y rhspuhstd lkdidtmrld hk fd pufpd ohktdf. Fms pmsljfhs cdipms oh cmfdjmrdclók hktrh hf mrtmomkclstd y hf hkomomclstd sh puhohk olvlolr hk oms ardkohs arupms pdrd su ih`mr cmiprhkslók. 4. ^dtmfmaéd pufpdr slk rhfdclók cdusdf cmk fd mrtmomkcld, quh pmoréd prhclsdr trdtdilhktm oh cmkouctms m clruaéd phrldplcdf. :. ^dtmfmaéd pufpdr pmsljfhihkth ohshkcdohkdod (m dardvdod) pmr fd mrtmomkcld.

^D_MFMAÉD ^XF^DZ SLK ZHFDCLÓK CDXSDF CMK FD MZ_MOMKCLD, TXH ^MOZÉD ^ZHCLSDZ _ZD_DILHK_M OH CMKOXC_MS M CLZXAÉD ^HZLD^LCDF. Fd pdtmfmaéd hkomoókclcd slk rhfdclók cdusdf cmk fds uhrzds mrtmoókclcds puhoh hkcmktrdrsh yd prhshkth cudkom hf pdclhkth smflcltd trdtdilhktm oh mrtmomkcld. Hk mcdslmkhs, hsd pdtmfmaéd–trdtdod m km cmk dkthrlmrlodo –hs yd cmkmclod pmr hf pdclhkth, quh puhoh rhhrlrfd hk fd dkdikhsls dkdikhsls y sh cmkrid hk fd hxpfmrdclók y fms rhalstrms.

 

^mr mtrd pdrth, dfaukms prmchsms hkomoókclcms sh ohsdrrmffdk hk hf cursm oh fd prmpld mrtmomkcld, phrm slk quh ìstd lkthrvhkad hk su hmfmaéd. ^uhoh trdtdrsh oh prmjfhids trduiäcms, hvmfuclók oh cdrlhs, rdcdsms oh hkomomkclds prhvlds, rdcturds rdolcufdrhs, htc., quh cmlkclohk hk hf hipm cmk fd mrtmomkcld o oh h mrid cdsudf. Hf hkomomkclstd shrä tdijlìk hk hsth cdsm qulhk, trds rhdflzdr hf oldakóscm oldakóscm y hf trdtdilhk trdtdilhktm tm hvhktudfihkth khchsdrlm, dcmksh`drä smjrh sl sh puhoh rhdkuodr fd dpflcdclók oh fds uhrzds mrtmoókclcds y hk quì imihktm. Xk thid oh ohjdth rhcuhkth hktrh fms mrtmomkclstds hs sl fms olhkths hkomomkcldoms sh iuhvhk m km cmk fd ilsid dclflodo quh fms olhkths vltdfhs y fd rhspuhstd hs quh, hk hhctm, sh puhohk imvhr hxdctdihkth laudf (8). Slk hijdram, fm quh sé hs ukodihktdf hs quh hf trdtdilhktm oh cmkouctms bdyd slom rhdflzdom cmrrhctdihkth. Fd idymréd oh fms mrtmomkclstds cmk hxphrlhkcld smk pdrodrlms oh smflcltdr ukd cmksuftd cmk hf hkomomkclstd dkths oh imvhr olhkths prhvldihkth hkomomkcldoms cudkom hxlsth fd iäs iéklid ouod smjrh hf ìxltm oh fd hkomomkcld. Dfaukms pdclhkths prhshktdk uk dcmrtdilhktm ahkhrdflzdom oh fds rdéchs rdéch s m ukd imrmfmaéd rdolcufdr pdrcufdrihkth oìjlf (iuy kd m hk plphtd) oh cdusd dilfldr m lolmiäcd, pdrcufdrihkth suschpjfh oh surlr rhdjsmrclók. Hk hsms cdsms, hf hkomomkclstd kdod puhoh bdchr pdrd prmthahr olcbms olhkths oh ukd prmarhslók oh fd rhdjsmrclók pmr dcclók oh fds uhrzds mrtmoókclcds.

^D_MFMAÉD ^XF^DZ ^MSLJFHIHK_H OHSHKCDOH KDOD (M DAZDUDOD) ^MZ FD MZ_MOMKCLD Fd rhspuhstd lkouclod hk fd pufpd puhoh lkclolr smjrh fd lklcldclók y phrphtudclók ohf rhimohfdom rdolcufdr dplcdf m fd rhdjsmrclók ourdkth hf imvlilhktm ohktdf mrtmoókclcm. Sl fds uhrzds mrtmoókclcds sh idkhkhk hk fms rdkams dchptdjfhs, km ohjhrédk prmouclrsh fhslmkhs pufpdrhs kl rhdjsmrclmkhs lrrhvhrsljfhs hk lkolvloums quh km prhshkthk dctmrhs oh suschpjlflodo lkolvloudf (bhrhkcld, dctmrhs bmrimkdfhs, htc.), lipflcdoms hk hf ohsdrrmffm oh hstd pdtmfmaéd. Dfaukms dutmrhs sualhrhk quh fds uhrzds dpflcdods pmr fd mrtmomkcld puhohk cdusdr pìrolod oh vltdflodo pufpdr, phrm mtrms, pmr hf cmktrdrlm, rhpmrtdk quh hstds uhrzds km prmouchk hhctms slaklcdvms d fdram pfdzm. Fds uhrzds mrtmoókclcds puhohk prmouclr dfthrdclmkhs pufpdrhs oh cdräcthr lkdidtmrlm y ohahkhrdvm, smjrh tmom hk fms olhkths idourms, yd quh sh bd ohimstrdom quh fd dphrturd ohf äplch hk olhkths `óvhkhs dctðd oh dfaukd idkhrd cmim uk ihcdklsim oh ohhksd rhkth d hsh pm oh darhslmkhs. Bdy quh shôdfdr, quh fms fms olhkths quh quh prhshktdk cdrlhs, hkhrihodo phrlmomktdf phrlmomktdf,, shcuhfds oh trduidsims m ardkohs rhstdurdclmkhs hkhk iäs rlhsam oh surlr khcrmsls m ohahkhrdclók pufpdr cudkom sh smihthk d uhrzds mrtmoókclcds, lkcfusm ohktrm oh fms iärahkhs oh lkthkslodo kmridfhs. ^mr tmom fm dkthrlmr hs oh suid lipmrtdkcld quh hf mrtmomkclstd dkths oh cmihkzdr hf trdtdilhktm sh oldakmsquh y trdth fd fd pdtmfmaéd pdtmfmaéd pufpdr prhshkth y df ilsim hipm vdfmrdr hf hstdom oh fms trdtdilhktms hkomoókcms yd rhdflzdoms. Fms olhkths hkomomkcldoms y fms trdtdoms cmk clruaéd hkomoókclcd puhohk smihthrsh d uhrzds mrtmoókclcds sl sh odk ukds ohthrilkdods cmkolclmkhs pdrd hffm hk rhfdclók cmk fd cdflodo ohf trdtdilhktm y fd pdtmfmaéd dsmcldod7 y dkth ukd rhdjsmrclók fmcdflzdod, hf prmkóscm hstdjfhclom pmr hf hkomomkclstd puhoh shr cfdvh pdrd prmshaulr m imolcdr hf prmyhctm thrdpìucm mrtmoókclcm.

CLZXAÉD \ SX ZHFDCLÓK HK HKOMOMKCLD Fd clruaéd hkomoókcd phrldplcdf m hkomomkcld qulrðralcd hs hf prmcholilhktm qulrðralcm oh hflilkdclók oh ukd fhslók phrldplcdf, phrm cmkshrvdkom hf olhkth cdusdf. Xk olhkth cmk ukd dhctdclók pufpdr prhclsdrä hk fd idymréd oh fms cdsms uk trdtdilhktm hkomoókcm.

 

Xk olhkth cmk ukd dhctdclók pufpdr prhclsdrä hk fd idymréd oh fms cdsms uk trdtdilhktm hkomoókcm. Dukquh hf pmrchktd`h hs jd`m, tdk smfm uk 2% oh fms cdsms, hsth trdtdilhktm oh hkomomkcld puhoh rdcdsdr m km thkhr hf rhsuftdom hsphrdom y hk hstms cdsms y cmk hf k oh prhshrvdr hsth olhkth y hf trdtdilhktm rh-hkomoókcm km shd pmsljfh, sh rhdflzdrä fd clruaéd hkomoókcd.

CLZXAÉD HKOMOÓK_LCD. Cmkslsth hk fd hflilkdclók iholdkth clruaéd clruaéd ohf th`lom phrldplcdf pdtmfóalcm y fd hxrpdclók ohf ohf thrclm rdolcufdr ohktdf, pdrd pmsthrlmrihkth rhdflzdr hf shffdom ohf cmkouctm m cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs. Iholdkth hstd clruaéd sh prhthkoh crhdr fds cmkolclmkhs c mkolclmkhs ópids pdrd fd rhahkhrdclók oh fms th`loms y fd mridclók oh uk kuhvm cmipfh`m oh smstìk ohf olhkth. Iholdkth fd clruaéd phrldplcdf phrldplcdf m  m hkomoókcd cmkshaulims0 Hflilkdr hf mcm lkhcclmsm, hf qulsth rdolcufdr, htc. iholdkth hf fhardom y/m hf curhtd`h dplcdf y fd dplchctmiéd quh fm dclfltd. Cmkshrvdr hf olhkth cdusdf iholdkth hf trdtdilhktm oh cmkouctms cmkouctms phrkhkth  phrkhkth y hf shffdom dplcdf iholdkth fd dplchctmiéd y fd mjturdclók rhtróardod.

½CXÄKOM HS_Ä LKOLCDOD FD CLZXAÉD HKOMOÓK_LCD= Hf ìxltm m rdcdsm rdcdsm oh hstd clruaéd ohphko ohphkohrä hrä oh fd cmipfh`l cmipfh`lodo odo dkdtóilcd dkdtóilcd oh cdod olhkth, hs ohclr, ohf slsthi slsthid d oh cdkdfhs rdolcufdrhs quh hstì prhshkth y dslilsim, oh fd ohstrhzd ohf prmhslmkdf quh rhdflzdrä hf trdtdilhktm. Hstd clruaéd hstdrä lkolcdod oh mrid ahkhrdf cudkom rhsuftd lipmsljfh trdvìs ohf slsthid oh cmkouctms, ffhadr df prmchsm lkhcclmsm ohktdf d trdtdr m d fd fhslók prhshkth. Dslilsim y pmr fm tdktm, fd clruaéd hkomoókcd shrä ukd mpclók oh trdtdilhktm cudkom fd rh-hkomomkcld ohktdf km hs pmsljfh m hstd rhsuftd lksuclhkth.

Fhardom dplcdf.  dplcdf.  Cudkom hf rhffhkm oh uk cmkouctm rdolcufdr sh bd smjrhpdsdom ohf äplch, lrrltdkom fms th`loms ôphrldplcdfhs. Cudkom sh bd emrzdom uk lkstruihktm iäs dffä ohf äplch, ohktrm oh fms th`loms phrldplcdfhs. Hk dquhffms cdsms hk fms quh bdjlìkomsh rhdflzdom ukd thrdpìutlcd cmkshrvdomrd cmk uk trdtdilhktm oh hkomomkcld, fd fhslók phrldplcdf km sh rhouch m lkcfusm duihktd, m pmrquh phrslsth fd slktmidtmfmaéd phrldplcdf. Km hs pmsljfh hflilkdr hf omfmr o mfmr phrldplcdf pmr prmcholilhktms cmkshrvdomrhs.

Dplchctmiéd m rhshcclók dplcdf Cudkom uk lkstruihktm rmtm sh dtdscd hk hf thrclm dplcdf y od idklhstdclmkhs pdtmfóalcds. Xk lkstruihktm bd phrmrdom fd rdéz y fd thrdpìucd cmkshrvdomrd bd dffdom. Hxlsth ukd curvdturd ohf thrclm dplcdf ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr quh km phrilth fd lkstruihktdclók y rhffhkm.   Mjturdclók rhtróardod0 Cudkom hxlsth ukd mjflthrdclók ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr ohjlom d fms ohpósltms oh ohkkd shcukodrld, quh liplohk fd lkstruihktdclók. Hk fms oms thrclms mcfusdfhs m lkclsdfhs ohf cmkouctm sh bd dtdscdom uk lkstruihktm rmtm y ìsth km hs phrihdjfh. Km pmohims rhrdr ukd mjturdclók rdolcufdr ohhctumsd y hxlsth pdtmfmaéd phrldplcdf. Olhkth cmk cmrmkd oh pmrchfdkd hk hf quh rhphr hf trdtdilhktm hkomoókcm puhoh prmouclr ukd rdcturd oh fd próthsls ohktdf. Bdy uk äplch iuy djlhrtm quh shréd iuy oleclf mjturdr pmr fd véd mrtmardod m cudkom km bd odom rhsuftdom uk trdtdilhktm oh dplcmmridclók. Hxlsth ukd phrmrdclók oh fd rdéz y hf cmkouctm km hkh pmsljlflodohs oh trdtdrsh pmr fd véd cmrmkd.

 

CMK_ZDLKOLCDCLMKHS OH FD CLZXAÉD HKOMOÓK_LCD. Km bdy cmktrdlkolcdclmkhs djsmfutds d fd bmrd oh fd rhdflzdclók oh ukd clruaéd hkomoókcd. Km mjstdkth, bdy ukd shrlh oh clrcukstdkclds quh ohjhk thkhrsh hk cuhktd df pfdklcdr olcbd clruaéd. Xkd cmipfhtd y cmrrhctd blstmrld cféklcd ohf pdclhkth kms phrilrä ohthctdr dctmrhs oh rlhsam quh puolhrdk dhctdr d fd rhdflzdclók y df rhsuftdom ohf trdtdilhktm qulrðralcm. Dsé puhs, sh ohjhräk thkhr hk h k cuhktd0 Dfthrdclmkh Dfthrd clmkhss slstìilcds. slstìilcds. _dfhs cmim fd blphrthksló blphrthkslók k ardvh y km cmktrmfdod cmktrmfdod,, lkdrtm lkdrtm oh ilmcd ilmcdrolm, rolm, hkomcdro hkomcdrols ls jdcthrldkd suj-dauod, prmjfhids bhidtmfóalcms km cmktrmfdoms, msthmrrdolmkhcrmsls, oldjhths km cmktrmfdod. _rdtdilhktms qulrðralcms prhvlms. Edctmrhs rhfdclmkdoms cmk hf pdclhkth. Dfthrdclmkhs pslcmfóalcds y/m himclmkdfhs, dphrturd jucdf fliltdod,… Edctmrhs dkdtóilcms fmcdfhs. Olhkths slk pmsljlflodo oh trdtdilhktm iholdkth rh-hkomomkcld, rhfdclók hxlsthkth hktrh fd cmrmkd ohktdf y fd rdéz, sl bdy ukd hkhrihodo phrlmomktdf slk trdtdr y/m dvdkzdod,…

CMI^FLCDCLMKHS HK CLZXAÉD HKOMOÓK_LCD ^drd hvltdr ^drd hvltdr cmipfl cmipflcdcl cdclmkh mkhss hk hsth pm oh clruaé clruaéd d hs cdpltd cdpltdff omi omilkd lkdrr fd tìcklcd tìcklcd qulrðr qulrðralc alcd, d, pmr hffm, hffm, slhipr slhiprh h ohjhrhims pmkhrkms hk idkms oh hsphcldflstds. Cmk uk ukd d cmrrhct cmrrhctd d pfdkl pfdklcd cdcló clók k ohf trd trdtdi tdilhk lhktm tm y hstdjf hstdjfhcl hclhko hkom m fds tìck tìcklcd lcdss qul qulrðr rðralc alcds ds dohcudo dohcudods, ds, hst hstds ds cmipflcdclmkhs pmst-mphrdtmrlds sh ilklilzdk df iäxlim. Dfaukds oh hstds cmipflcdclmkhs ohspuìs oh ukd clruaéd hkomoókcd puhohk shr0 Omfmr. Km hs lkthksm, fhvh phrm uk dsé sh ohjh cmkclohrdr y pmsthrlmrihkth iholcdr. Bhidtmid00 Fd dpdrlclók oh uk bhidtmid hk fd zmkd trdtdod hs pmsljfh dsé cmim oh uk hohid. Dslilsim, fd Bhidtmid 

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lkdidclók oh fd zmkd trdtdod shrä kmridf y hf ardom oh hstd km lipflcdrä hf ìxltm m rdcdsm ohf trdtdilhktm rhdflzdom. 

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Hqulimsls0 Hs iäs rhcuhkth hk pdclhkths cmk ukd plhf iäs jfdkcd y phrsmkds oh idymr hodo. Sh ohjh df idkh`m lkdohcudom oh fms th`loms jfdkoms, hsphcldfihkth hk fd rhtrdcclók ohf cmfad`m rhdflzdom ukd hxchslvd prhslók, ourdkth fd clruaéd, hk fms fdjlms y th`loms ourms. Hk ukms 4>-48 oéds sh rhstdjfhchrä fd kmridflodo oh fd zmkd. Bhimrrdald puhoh hstdr cdusdod pmr0 Fd rmturd oh dfaðk vdsm sdkauékhm ourdkth hf curhtd`h oh fd fhslók d trdtdr. Xkd lkcmipfhtd rhtrdcclók ohf iucm-phrlósm. Lkclslmkhs prmukods d trdvìs oh lkshrclmkhs iuscufdrhs. Lkdohcudod rhpmslclók. Zh-dodptdclók oh fd suturd ohf cmfad`m. 

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Ohjhs prhslmkdr fd zmkd oh fd bhimrrdald, hs ohclr, fd zmkd trdtdod qulrðralcdihkth qulrðralcdihkth cmk ukd adsd pmr ukms 4>-:> ilkutms.

HKOMOMKCLD \ SX ZHFDCLÓK CMK ID_HZLDFHS OHK_DFHS. Lkstruihktdf y Hqulpm uflzdom hk hkomomkcld Hk Hkomomkcld hipfhdims fd idymr pdrth ohf lkstruihktdf uflzdom hk fd prhpdrdclók oh cdvlodohs, phrm hxlsth mtrm pm oh lkstruihktdf y idthrldfhs olshôdoms ðklcd y hxcfuslvdihkth pdrd fd prhpdrdclók y mjturdclók oh fms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs. Hf lkstruihktdf hkomoókcm sh bd darupdom shaðk su usm, pmr rdzmkhs oloäccds hk lkstruihktdf pdrd0 

hf hstuolm y hf hxdihk hkomoókcm

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hf dlsfdilhktm djsmfutm,

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fd dphrturd oh fd cäidrd oh dcchsm,  fd cmkouctmihtréd, Fd prhpdrdclók jlmihtrlcd Fd mjturdclók ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr

 

4 Lkstruihktdf pdrd hf hstuolm y hf hxdihk hkomoókcm.  

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Hsph`ms Jucdfhs ^fdkms0 Lkstruihktdf jäslcm pdrd fd hxpfmrdclók y hf oldakóscm. Hxpfmrdomr K¾ :30 Kms dclfltd fd ohthcclók oh cdrlhs y oh cäfcufm ohktdf, ohthrilkdr hf ardom oh imvlflodo ohktdrld ( cmk hf idkam), y kms dyuod hk fds pruhjds oh phrcuslók ohktdrld. ^lkzds ^lk zds Dfa Dfamom momkhr khrds0 ds0 Xf Xflzd lzdods ods pdr pdrd d su su`htd `htdrr y imvlfl imvlflzdr zdr dfamom dfamomkhs khs,, tmruko tmrukods ds oh dfa dfamoó moók, k, lkstru lkstruihk ihktms tms hkomoókcms , puktds oh pdphf y cmkms oh autdphrcbd  ^fdcds Zdolmardeds phrldplcdfhs K¾ :. Adkcbms pmrtd phfécufds pdrd rhvhfdr rdolmardeds (lkolvloudfhs). Cd`ds oh rhvhfdom y féquloms oh rhvhfdr.

: Lkstruihktdf pdrd hf dlsfdilhktm djsmfutm 

Cdipms oh _hfd m Ohshcbdjfhs 0 ^drd cmfmcdr fms lkstruihktms hstìrlfhs.

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 Drcm oh \muka 0 ^fäscm m ihtäflcm, (km drcufdjfh). Sh uflzd pdrd su`htdr hf olquh oh amid ourdkth hf dlsfdilhktm djsmfutm ohf cdipm mphrdtmrlm.  ^hrmrdomr oh Olquh oh Amid.

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Olquhs oh amid oh 5R5.

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Ardpds chrvlcdfhs0 Fds iäs uflzdods oh fd idrcd0 SSQ K¾0 :4>,:44,:1,:>> y Lvmry K¾0 5,,>> y :1.

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^mrtd ardpds0 rhctm, imkm dkaufdom, _lhkh fd kdflodo oh su`htdr, ffhvdr y cmfmcdr fd ardpd hk h k hf olhkth.

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3 Lkstruihktdf pdrd fd dphrturd oh fd cäidrd oh dcchsm. 

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Erhsds Zhomkods oh Cdrjurm0 K¾ : -3- ? – 50 Xflzdods pdrd fd hflilkdclók oh cdrlhs y pdrd fd dphrturd oh fd cäidrd oh dcchsm. Cucbdrltd oh Ohkkd m hxcdvdomr oh ohkkd pdrd hkomomkcld0 ^drd hflilkdclók oh ohkkd rhjfdkohclod y ohf th`lom pufpdr cdihrdf prmukom. Hxpfmrdomrhs O-A 45 0 Sh uflzd pdrd fmcdflzdr hf dcchsm d fd cäidrd pufpdr. \ hkcmktrdr fds hktrdods oh fms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs.

? Lkstruihktdf pdrd fd prhpdrdclók jlmihcäklcd oh fms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs. 

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Flids pm G . ó Efhxm E fhxm Elfh0 Edjrlcdoms hk fmkaltuohs oh :4, :8, :2 y 34 ii. Hk cudfqulhrd oh fms tdidôms fd pdrth dcvd slhiprh iholrä 45 ii. Fms imvlilhktms oh flidom. Hf cmrth mcurrh hk hf imvlilhktm oh Lipufslók y trdcclók, h`hrclhkom prhslók cmktrd fd pdrho ohf cmkouctm. Hstdk rhaloms pmr fds kmrids oh fd Dsmcldclók Ohktdf Dihrlc Dih rlcdkd dkd (DOD (DOD). ). Cmk Kuihr Kuihrdcl dclók ók y cmklcl cmklclodo odohs hs prhhstdjf prhhstdjfhcl hclods ods.. Ulhkhk Ulhkhk hk cd`ds cd`ds oh K¾ >2, K¾ 4> , oh olhrhkths fmkaltuohs. \ hk cd`ds oh ^rlihrd Shrlh, oh fd K¾48 d fd K¾ ?> y oh Shaukod Shrlh oh fd K¾?8 d fd K¾ 2>. oh olhrhkths fmkaltuohs. Smkods Jdrjdods m _lrdkhrvlms0 _lrdkhrvlms0 Sh djrlcdk cmk dfdijrh clrcufdr clrcufdr hk cuyd suphrclh sh fdjrdk iuhscds hk hk mrid oh adkcbms m jdrjds omjfdods. Sh hipfhdk pdrd fd hxrpdclók oh fds pufpds vltdfhs. Zhafds ilflihtrdods ihtäflcds. Slrvhk pdrd ffhvdr fds iholods oh fd fmkaltuo oh fms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs d fms lkstruihktms hkomoókcms, cmkms oh pdphf, y autdphrcbd a utdphrcbd _mphs _mp hs oh Amid0 Amid0 Lohdom Lohdomss pdrd pdrd idkthk idkthkhr hr fds iholod iholodss oh fms cmkouc cmkouctms tms rdolcu rdolcufdr fdrhs hs hk fms lkstru lkstruihk ihktms tms hkomoókcms

Lkstruihktms quh sh dcclmkdk cmk prmpufslók ihcäklcd, hktrh hffms 0

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Fìktufms.0 Edclfltdk fd cmfmcdclók oh pdstds oh bloróxlom oh cdfclm y oh chihktms oh mjturdclók ohktrm oh fms cmkouctms. Erhsds Adths Afloohk0 Sh uflzdk pdrd fd prhpdrdclók ohf thrclm cmrmkdrlm ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr. Sh djrlcdk hk tdidôms ohf 4 df 5. ^mshhk ukd puktd lkdcvd oh shaurlodo. Hstäk olshôdoms cmk uk puktm oìjlf hk fd pdrth ohf h`h iäs chrcdkm d fd plhzd oh idkm. _dijlìk sh uflzdk pdrd fd ohsmjturdclók oh autdphrcbd.

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Zhclplhkth oh vlorlm m ihtäflcm0 ^drd smfuclók lrrladomrd

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Lkyhctdomr Lkyhctd omrds ds bl blpmo pmoìril ìrilcds cds oh 8cc 8cc.. cmk dau`ds dau`ds pdrd pdrd Lksufl Lksuflkd kd ohs ohshcb hcbdjf djfhs. hs.^dr ^drd d lrr lrrlad ladcló clók k ohf slsthi slsthid d oh cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs. ^uktds oh ^dphf djsmrjhkths. Sh uflzdk pdrd hf shcdom ohf cmkouctm dkths oh fd mjturdclók. Sh djrlcdk oh mrid cóklcd cmk pdphf blorófm. Sh hkcuhktrdk oh fms K¾ 4> d fd K¾ 2>. Ulhkhk hk fd ilsid prhshktdclók quh fds flids, oh fd prlihrd y oh fd shaukod shrlh.

8 Lkstruihktdf pdrd fd Mjturdclók ohf slsthid oh cmkouctm rdolcufdrhs 

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Cmkms oh Autdphrcbd. 0 Fms cmkms oh autdphrcbd sh uflzdk pdrd fd tìcklcd oh mjturdclók fdthrdf, sh djrlcdk hk tdidôm, oläihtrm y cmklclodo dcmrohs cmk fds kmrids oh fd DOD pdrd fds flids pm G. Fäilkds oh vlorlm phquhôd 0 ^drd fd ihzcfd oh chihktms m shffdomrhs. Hspdcldomrhs m Cmkohksdomrhs Olaltdfhs0 Smk lkstruihktms ihtäflcms ohfadoms thrilkdoms hk puktd, dbusdoms, uflzdoms pdrd mjturdclók cmk autdphrcbd hk fd tìcklcd oh cmkohksdclók fdthrdf

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Cmkohksdomr idkudf pdrd autdphrcbd O – 440 Cuipfh fd ilsid ukclók quh fms cmkohksdomrhs olaltdfhs. _l`hrd ^hquhôd0 Sh uflzd pdrd rhcmrtdr fd puktd ohf cmkm oh autdphrcbd ourdkth hf d`usth ohf cmkm prlkclpdf, y ohf ‖phkdcbm’ oh autdphrcbd, ourdkth fd dsh kdf oh fd mjturdclók.

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Ihcbhrm oh dfcmbmf0 Slrvh pdrd cdfhktdr hf dtdcdomr pm Imrtmksmk ourdkth fd dsh kdf oh fd mjturdclók.

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Cmkohksdomr pm Imrtmksmk0 Hs pfdkm hk su pdrth dcvd. Ohspuìs oh shr cdfhktdom, sh uflzd pdrd dtdcdr hk mrid vhrcdf fd autdphrcbd hk hf thrclm cmrmkdf, c mrmkdf, Dtdcdomr oh chihktm0 Kms phrilth ffhvdr y cmkohksdr olvhrsms pms oh chihktms bdcld hf olhkth y fd cdvlodo pufpdr. Cd`d ihtäflcd pdrd lkstruihktm lkstruihktmss oh Hkom Hkomomkcl omkcld0 d0 sh ufl uflzd zd pdrd0 Mradklz Mradklzdr dr y vlsu vlsudflzd dflzdrr hf lkstruihkt lkstruihktdf df slk olcuftdo, puhoh dfm`dr tmods flids, smkods jdrjdods, cmkohksdomrhs, rhsds, hqulpm pdrd fd mjturdclók , puktds oh pdphf, y tmrukods oh dfamoók. Zhdflzdr äclfihkth fd hsthrlflzdclók.

HKOMOMKCLD \ SX ZHFDCLÓK CMK ZDOLMFMAÉD Fd rdolmfmaéd hs hshk hshkcl cldf df pd pdrd rd hf olda oldakó kós scm cm y fd thrdp thrdpìu ìuc cd d ourd ourdkt kth h fds fds olh olhrhk rhkth thss htdp htdpds ds oh ohff tr trdt dtdi dilh lhkt ktm m hk hkomomkcld. Hk dfaukds mcdslmkhs ourdkth fd thrdpld hkomoókcd fd lidahk rdolmaräcd km iuhstrd fm quh sh prhclsd, pmr shr ukd lidahk jlolihkslmkdf quh trdtd oh rhprhshktdr uk mj`htm trlolihkslmkdf.. trlolihkslmkdf. . ^drd lkthrprhtdr dohcudodihkth ukd rdolmarded hs oh lkthrìs shaulr slhiprh ukd ilsid slsthiäcd, pmr h`hipfm0 hiphzdr pmr fd cmrmkd, jd`dr pmr fds rdéchs y mjshrvdr fms cmkouctms y dcdjdr pmr hf buhsm. Hk fd cmrmkd sh puhoh mjshrvdr, iholdkth fd rdolmarded, hf ardom oh ohstrucclók pmr cdrlhs, hf tdidôm oh fds rhstdurdclmkhs, fds prmthcclmkhs pufpdrhs, pufpmtmiéds y fds dkmidféds oh ohsdrrmffm. Hk fd rdéz sh pmoréd vhr cdfclcdclók rdolcufdr fd cudf hs lkolcdvms ohf hkvh`hclilhktm pufpdr. Fd hkhrihodo phrlmomktdf vlsljfh hk ukd rdolmarded puhoh shr d cdusd oh ukd khcrmsls pufpdr.

½CXÄF HS FD ZDOLMAZDEÉD LOHDF HK HKOMOMKCLD= Fds rdolmardeds hk hkomomkcld smk ðfhs pdrd pmohr cmkridr hf oldakóscm, vdfmrdr fd ujlcdclók, mrid, tdidôm y olrhcclók olrhc clók oh fds rdéchs y cmkouctms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs. rdolcufdrhs. Cmk hffds tdijlìk sh hkh fd mpcló mpclók k oh cdfcufdr cdfcufdr fd fmkaltuo fmkaltuo oh trdjd` trdjd`m m dkths oh lkstruihktdr, fmcdflzdr fms cmkouctms oleclfhs m rhvhfdr cmkouctms km smsphcbdoms m dyuodr d fmcdflzdr fd pufpd cdfclcdod cmrmkdfihkth. _dijlìk sh puhoh hstdjfhchr fd pmslclók rhfdvd oh fds hstructurds, dyuodk d vdfmrdr fd mjturdclók kdf oh fms cmkouctms rdolcufdrhs, dsé cmim dclfltdk fd fmcdflzdclók oh cuhrpms hxtrdôms ihtäflcms (flids, didfadid m pmsths lkthrrdolcufdrhs) y fd hxdilkdclók fd fmcdflzdclók oh rdaihktms oh olhkth m hxchsm oh idthrldf oh mjturdclók. Elkdfihkth, ardclds d fd rdolmarded sh puhoh vdfmrdr fd hvmfuclók iholdkth cmktrmfhs rdolmaräcms d fdram pfdzm. ^drd prmchohr d uk trdtdilhktm hkomoókcm bdjltudfihkth smk hshkcldfhs cudtrm rdolmardeds phrldplcdfhs0 Fd prlihrd pdrd hf oldakóscm Fd slaulhkth pdrd fd cmkouctmihtréd (ohthrilkdr fd fmkaltuo ohf olhkth) 

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Fd mtrd pdrd fd cmkmihtréd (cmiprmjdr hf rhffhkm ohf cmkouctm rdolcufdr) Fd ðfid pdrd hf cmktrmf lkiholdtm (ukd vhz bhcbm hf shffdom oh fms cmkouctms y fd mjturdclók). Hxlsth ukd qulktd rdolmarded mpclmkdf pdrd hf cmktrmf tdroém, ohphkolhkom oh fd pdtmfmaéd trdtdod, smjrhtmom hk fhslmkhs dplcdfhs pdrd cmiprmjdr ukd hvmfuclók dvmrdjfh oh hstd. Sh suhfh rhdflzdrd hktrh fms 5 y fms 4: ihshs sl sh trdtd oh ukd pufpls y hktrh 4 dôm d 3 dôms sl hs ukd phrlmomks. Hk mcdslmkhs hs khchsdrlm fd rhdflzdclók oh rdolmardeds hk 3O, uk CJC_, pdrd pmohr vhr hf olhkth m olhkths hk trhs olihkslmkhs y dsé pmohr ohklr uk oldakóscm y hstdjfhchr uk pfdk oh trdtdilhktm 

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HKOMOMKCLD \ SX ZHFDCLÓK CMK ^ZÓ_HSLS OHK_DF ^uhoh shr khchsdrld ukd ukd hkomomkcld hfolhkth hcvd iuy d kfhslmkdom oh prmpmrclmkdr hspdclm dohcudom pdrd ukd rhstdurdclók cmfdod m cmk mj`htm oh prmcurdr rhthkclók d ukhfhcvd mo ohsadstdom. hsadstdom. Sh cmfmcd smjrh hf ilsim iholdkth ukd tìcklcd oh chihktdom m, hk hf cdsm oh olhkths dushkths, dpmydkom fd rhstdurdclók hk fms olhkths vhclkms. ... Hstds próthsls sh vdfhk oh ukms adkcbms quh lräk ukloms d fms olhkths kdturdfhs ohf pdclhkth pdrd hvltdr quh sh iuhvdk d fd bmrd oh idscdr m bdjfdr.