Refrigerated LNG Storage Tank
Short Description
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Description
1. What is the Low temperature Tank?
1.CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777 Part 1 Section 3 - Definitions Type of Tank Definitions
Single Containment
Double Containment
Only the inner tank is required to meet the low temperature ductility requirements for storage of the product. The carbon steel outer tank is primarily for the retention and protection of insulation and to constrain the vapor purge gas pressure, but is not designed to contain refrigerated liquid in the event of leakage from the inner tank.
Full Containment
Both the inner tank and outer tank are capable of independently containing LNG. To minimize the pool of escaping liquid, the PC outer wall is located at a distance not exceeding 6 meters from the carbon steel outer tank.
A double tank designed and constructed so that both the inner tank and outer tank are capable of independently containing refrigerated liquid stored. The outer tank or wall should be 1 meter to meters distant from the inner tank.
The inner tank contains the refrigerated liquid under normal operating conditions. The outer tank or wall is intended to contain the refrigerated liquid product leakage from the inner tank, but it is not intended to contain any vapor resulting from product leakage from the inner tank.
The inner tank contains the refrigerated liquid under normal operating conditions. The outer tank is intended to be capable both of containing LNG and controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event.
Refer to the Fig. shown in the next sheet.
1.CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777 Part 1 Section 3 - Definitions Type of Tank
Single Containment
Normal Operating Condition
VAPOR
Double Containment
WEATHER COVER
REFRIGERATED LIQUID
In the Event of Leakage from the Inner Tank
Full Containment
VAPOR
REFRIGERATED LIQUID
VAPOR
REFRIGERATED LIQUID
VAPOR VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
LEAKAGE
LEAKAGE
REFRIGERATED LIQUID BUND WALL
LEAKAGE
REFRIGERATED LIQUID
REFRIGERATED LIQUID
1.PROGRESSION OF BUND WALL & CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment - 1
Single Containment - 2
Single Containment - 3 BUND WALL
BUND WALL BUND WALL
Providing the taller bund wall to reduce area required.
Double Containment
Full Containment
WEATHER COVER
METAL OUTER TANK (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)
METAL BUND WALL (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)
Providing the bund wall integrated with the tank
PC OUTER WALL
RC ROOF
RC WALL & EARTH EMBANKMENT
Providing the tallest bund wall at closest point to the tank.
WEATHER COVER PC WALL
WEATHER COVER
RC WALL & EARTH EMBANKMENT
1.EXAMPLES - SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777 Figure
EXTERNAL WEATHER BARRIER EXTERNAL INSULATION ROOF
BUND WALL
OUTER TANK LOOSE FILL INSULATION
OUTER TANK LOOSE FILL INSULATION SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
INNER TANK
BUND WALL
BASE INSULATION
INNER TANK
BUND WALL
BASE INSULATION
INNER TANK
BASE INSULATION
ELEVATED SLAB FOUNDATION OR
ELEVATED SLAB FOUNDATION OR
ELEVATED SLAB FOUNDATION OR
RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER
RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER
RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER
: METALLIC PARTS : THERMAL INSULATION : CONCRETE
Application to LNG Storage
Not appropriate. The BOG rate will be extremely high.
Appropriate.
Appropriate. See Fig.-1.1 & 1.2 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.
1.EXAMPLES - DOUBLE CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777 Figure
EXTERNAL WEATHER BARRIER
OUTER TANK LOOSE FILL INSULATION
EXTERNAL INSULATION ROOF
OUTER TANK LOOSE FILL INSULATION
SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION WEATHER COVER
WEATHER COVER
SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION WEATHER COVER
INNER TANK
INNER TANK
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER METAL OUTER TANK SHELL
INNER TANK
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER PC OUTER TANK WALL
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER RC OUTER TANK WALL WITH EARTH EMBANKMENT
: METALLIC PARTS : THERMAL INSULATION : CONCRETE
Application to LNG Storage
Not appropriate.
Appropriate.
Appropriate.
The BOG rate will be extremely high.
See Fig.-2.1 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.
See Fig.-2.2 for Typical Configuration for LNG Storage Tank.
1.EXAMPLES - FULL CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777 Figure
METAL OUTER TANK (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID) LOOSE FILL INSULATION OR EMPTY SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
PC OUTER WALL (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID) LOOSE FILL INSULATION OR EMPTY SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
INNER TANK
INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER TANK
: METALLIC PARTS : THERMAL INSULATION : CONCRETE
Application to LNG Storage
Appropriate.
LOOSE FILL INSULATION OR EMPTY SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
INNER TANK
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER
RC OUTER WALL w/EMBANKMENT (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)
INNER TANK
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL
BASE INSULATION RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL
Instead of tｈｉｓ wall insulation, secondary bottom and corner protection made of 9% Ni steel are provided in the latest design.
Appropriate. See Fig.-3.1, 3.2 & 3.3 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.
Appropriate.
1.EXAMPLES - TYPE NOT DEFINED IN BS 7777
Figure
ABOVE GROUND - MEMBRANE TANK
IN GROUND - MEMBRANE TANK PC WALL
METAL OR PC OUTER ROOF SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
METAL ROOF PC WALL w/HEATING SYSTEM DOME ROOF OR SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION
SS MEMBRANE
ELEVATED OR RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER INSULATION
SS MEMBRANE
INSULATION
LOOSE FILL INSULATION METAL DOME ROOF
INNER TANK
RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL (PUF) Note: The outer tank metal dome is not intended to to be capable of controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event.
: METALLIC PARTS : THERMAL INSULATION : CONCRETE
Appropriate.
PC OUTER WALL (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)
BASE INSULATION FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER
See Fig.- 4.1 & 4.2 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.
Application to LNG Storage
PC OUTER WALL TANK
Appropriate.
Appropriate.
1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment
Double Containment
Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Containment Double Metal Tank
Others
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
INNER TANK
1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment Containment Single
Double Containment
Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Containment Double Metal Tank
Others
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
Fig. - 1 : SINGLE CONTAINMENT - DOUBLE METAL TANK - TYPICAL
CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP
ROOF WALKWAY VENT FOR DOME SPACE PUMP COLUMN HEAD
PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
DECK INSULATION
MAIN PLATFORM
PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY
CS ROOF & STRUCTURE DECK VENT
SUSPENDED DECK
RESILIENT BLANKET
INNER LADDER RISER PIPES & SUPPORTS COOL DOWN PIPING
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL
ESCAPE LADDER
CS OUTER WALL
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION STAIRCASE PUMP COLUMN
DRYING & PURGING LINE
BUND WALL IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE 9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING BOTTOM INSULATION
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 1.2 : SINGLE CONTAINMENT - DOUBLE METAL TANK - BOTTOM CORNER - TYPICAL CS OUTER TANK WALL
RESILIENT BLANKET
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION (PERLITE)
9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
ANCHOR STRAP
INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING CS OUTER TANK BOTTOM BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM FIBERGLASS BLANKET
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
CELLULAR GLASS SAND OR CONCRETE LEVELING LAYER
1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment
Double DoubleContainment Containment
Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Containment Double Metal Tank
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Others Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
Fig. - 2.1 : DOUBLE CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - TYPICAL
CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP
ROOF WALKWAY VENT FOR DOME SPACE PUMP COLUMN HEAD
PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
DECK INSULATION
MAIN PLATFORM
PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY
CS ROOF & STRUCTURE DECK VENT
SUSPENDED DECK
CS WEATHER COVER
RESILIENT BLANKET INNER LADDER RISER PIPES & SUPPORTS COOL DOWN PIPING
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL
ESCAPE LADDER
CS OUTER WALL
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION STAIRCASE PUMP COLUMN PC OUTER WALL DRYING & PURGING LINE
IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE 9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING BOTTOM INSULATION
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment
Double DoubleContainment Containment
Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Containment Double Metal Tank
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Others Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
Fig. - 2.2 : DOUBLE CONTAINMENT - RC OUTER WALL + EARTH EMBANKMENT - TYPICAL
CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP
ROOF WALKWAY VENT FOR DOME SPACE PUMP COLUMN HEAD
PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
DECK INSULATION
MAIN PLATFORM
PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY
CS ROOF & STRUCTURE PIPE BRIDGE
DECK VENT
SUSPENDED DECK
CS WEATHER COVER
RESILIENT BLANKET INNER LADDER
COOL DOWN PIPING
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL
CS OUTER WALL
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION
PUMP COLUMN EARTH EMBANKMENT RC WALL DRYING & PURGING LINE
IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE 9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING BOTTOM INSULATION
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Full Containment Containment Double Metal Tank
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Double Containment
Others Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
Fig. - 3.1 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL TYPICAL
CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP
ROOF WALKWAY VENT FOR DOME SPACE PUMP COLUMN HEAD
PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
DECK INSULATION
MAIN PLATFORM
RC ROOF
PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY
CS ROOF LINER & STRUCTURE DECK VENT
SUSPENDED DECK
RESILIENT BLANKET
INNER LADDER RISER PIPES & SUPPORTS COOL DOWN PIPING
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL
ESCAPE LADDER
CS WALL VAPOR BARRIER
PC OUTER WALL
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION STAIRCASE PUMP COLUMN 9% Ni CORNER PROTECTION DRYING & PURGING LINE
IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE 9% Ni SECONDARY BOTTOM 9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
CS BOTTOM VAPOR BARRIER INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING BOTTOM INSULATION
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 3.2 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - BOTTOM CORNERCONCRETE - TYPICAL PC DUCT & TENDON VERTICAL
CS WALL VAPOR BARRIER PC OUTER WALL
RESILIENT BLANKET
PC DUCT & TENDON HORIZONTAL
9% Ni INNER TANK WALL 9% Ni CORNER PROTECTION ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION (PERLITE)
9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM
CELLULAR GLASS
INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING 9% Ni SECONDARY BOTTOM
FIBERGLASS BLANKET
BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
FIBERGLASS BLANKET RC SLAB FOUNDATION
CELLULAR GLASS
SAND OR CONCRETE LEVELING LAYER
SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 3.3 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - ROOF CORNER CONCRETE - TYPICAL CS ROOF LINER
CS ROOF STRUCTURE
PERLITE FILL NOZZLE RC DOME ROOF
PC DUCT & TENDON VERTICAL
PERLITE RETAINING WALL
SUSPENDED DECK
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION (PERLITE)
CS WALL VAPOR BARRIER PC DUCT & TENDON HORIZONTAL
SUSPENDED DECK INSULATION (PERLITE OR FIBERGLASS BLANKET)
PC OUTER WALL GLASS CLOTH
ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION (PERLITE)
FIBERGLASS BLANKET
9% NI INNER TANK WALL
RESILIENT BLANKET
1. FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE Single Containment
Double Containment
Others Others
Single Metal Tank
Metal Outer Wall
Full Containment Double Metal Tank
Double Metal Tank Dome Roof Inner Tank
PC Outer Wall
PC Outer Wall Tank
In Ground - Membrane Tank
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
RC Outer Wall + Earth Embankment
PC Outer wall Tank in Japan
Above Ground - Membrane Tank
INNER TANK
Double Metal Tank w/Suspended Deck
Fig. - 4.1 : MEMBRANE TANK : ABOVE GROUND - TYPICAL
CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP
ROOF WALKWAY VENT FOR DOME SPACE PUMP COLUMN HEAD
PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
DECK INSULATION
MAIN PLATFORM
RC ROOF
PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY
CS ROOF LINER & STRUCTURE DECK VENT
SUSPENDED DECK
INNER LADDER RISER PIPES & SUPPORTS ESCAPE LADDER
COOL DOWN PIPING
WALL MOISTURE BARRIER STAINLESS WALL BEMBRANE PC OUTER WALL
WALL INSULATION STAIRCASE PUMP COLUMN
DRYING & PURGING LINE
IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE
STAINLESS BOTTOM MEMBRANE BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM
BOTTOM MOISTURE BARRIER BOTTOM INSULATION
RC SLAB FOUNDATION
Fig. - 4.2 : MEMBRANE TANK - CONTAINMENT SYSTEM BOTTOM / WALL - TYPICAL MEMBRANE ANCHOR
WALL MEMBRANE CONCRETE TANK WALL ANGLE PIECE (MEMBRANE) CORNER PLATE (MEMBRANE) MOISTURE BARRIER
BOTTOM MEMBRANE PLYWOOD
BONDIND MASTIC
INSULATION PANEL
CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION
1.COMPARISON OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE (1/2) DEFINITION OF CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777 Type of Tank
1. Cost (*1) 2. Erection Schedule(*1,*2) 3. Resistance Against Abnormal Condition (1) Thermal Radiation of Fire (2) Blast Wave
(3) Flying Projectiles 4. Site Area Required 5. Inner Tank Geo. Capacity Range (m3) 6. Number of Tanks Ever Built in the World as of July 2003. 7. Tanks Ever Built by CHIYODA as of July 2003. 8.Tanks Under Construction / Engineering by CHIYODA as of July 2003.
Single Containment
Double Containment
Full Containment
100% *3 100% (Min. 25 months)
150% 125% (Approx. 32 months)
180% 140% (Approx. 35 months)
Good Limited
Excellent Good : Wall Roof : Limited Good : Wall Roof : Limited Small 85,000 Appreox. 10 Tanks
Excellent Excellent
Limited Large 8,000 ～ 170,000 Approx. 160 Tanks Indonesia : 127,000m3 x 1 Tanks Abu Dhabi : 150,000m3 x 2 Tanks -
-
Note : *1 : International Contractor base and for the tank having geometric capacity 100,000m 3 and over. *2 : Excluding connection of the pipe, purge and cooldown. *3 : Excluding cost of bund wall.
Excellent Small 55,000～176,000 Approx. 50 Tanks Oman : 146,000m3 x 2 Tanks Qatar : 94,000m3 x 4 Tanks Qatar : 152,000m3 x 2 Tanks Sakhalin : 120,000m3 x 2 Tanks
1. COMPARISON OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE (2/2) CONTAINMENT TYPE NOT DEFINED IN BS 7777 Type of Tank
1. Cost 2. Erection Schedule) 3. Resistance Against Abnormal Condition (1) Thermal Radiation of Fire (2) Blast Wave
(3) Flying Projectiles 4. Site Area Required 5. Inner Tank Geo. Capacity Range (m3) 6. Number of Tanks Ever Built in the World as of July 2003. 7. Tanks Ever Built by CHIYODA as of July 2003. 8.Tanks Under Construction / Engineering by CHIYODA as of July 2003.
Membrane - Above & In-ground
PC Outer Wall LNG Tank in Japan
Approx. 5 to 6 Years
Approx. 4 Years
Good Good : Wall Roof Limited Good : Wall Roof : Limited Small 35,000 ～ 203,000 Approx. 70 Tanks
Excellent Good : Wall Roof : Limited Good : Wall Roof : Limited Small 36,000 ~ 189,000 5 Tanks
-
-
-
1 Tank for MZL Project
5. MATERIAL SELECTION FOR THE LNG CONTAINER
The material for the LNG container for the large capacity of LNG storage is 9% Ni steel in consideration of the design of -161 ~ -168 oC of the design temperature of LNG as shown in the following sheet “TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR MATERIAL OF CRYOGENIC STORAGE TANKS”. In principle, stainless steel type 304 is used for the tank having small capacity and in case that the use of 9% Ni steel is not economical. The stainless steel type 304 is also used for the membrane of in-ground and above ground tank.
6. TANK SIZING (1/6)
4. TOP DEADWOOD
2. NET WORKING CAPACITY
3. STORAGE CAPACITY
1. GEOMETRIC CAPACITY
DEFINITION OF CAPACITY OF CYLINDRICAL TANK DESIGNED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 1. GEOMETRIC CAPACITY : (Inside Diameter)2 x π / 4 x Height 2. NET WORKING CAPACITY “Geometric Capacity” - “Top Deadwood” - “Bottom Deadwood” 3. STORAGE CAPACITY Total Volume of Liquid Stored “Geometric Capacity” - “Top Deadwood” 4. TOP DEADWOOD Top space for safety to avoid over-fill and spillage due to sloshing wave by earthquake. 5. BOTTOM DEAD WOOD Volume not possible to withdraw due to nozzle height, pump NPSHR, etc
5. BOTTOM DEAD WOOD
6. TANK SIZING (2/6) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION TO BE TAKEN FOR THE CAPACITY OF CYLINDRICAL TANK AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE
The reducing of the tank size due to the contraction at design temperature as show in the following Fig. shall be considered to maintain net working capacity required at design temperature.
At Ambient Temperature
At Design Temperature
Typical calculation for the net working capacity of LNG storage tank is shown in the following pages.
6. TANK SIZING (3/6) TYPICAL CALCULATION OF TANK CAPACITY OF LNG STORAGE TANK AT MINIMUM DESIGN TEMPERATURE Basic Design Parameters Item
UNIT
Value
-
9% Ni Steel
[ C]
o
38
Maximum Design Temperature
o
-167
Minimum Design Temperature
o
205
o
9.4E-06
Tank Material Ambient Temperature Design Temperature
[ C]
Temp. Diff.
[ C]
Thermal Expantion Coeff.
[/ C]
Remarks
For 9% Ni Steel
Inner Tank Capacity Check AT AMBIENT Item
Unit
AT MINIMUM DESIGN
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
(CONSTRUCTION PHASE)
(UNDER OPERATION
Remarks
Inside Diameter
[m]
63.300
63.178
Height
[m]
30.000
29.942
Height of Top Deadwood
[m]
0.500
0.500
Height to be kept at Min. Design Temp.
Height of Bottom Dead Wood
[m]
2.300
2.300
Height to be kept at Min. Design Temp.
Inside Diameter
[mm]
-
-122.0
Height
[mm]
-
-57.8
[m3 ]
Contraction at Minimum Design Temperature
Capacity Net Working Capacity Required Geometric Capacity Net Working Capacity Top Deadwood Bottom Dead Wood
85,000
85,000
3
94,410
93,865
See Note 1.
3
85,599
85,088
See Note 2
3
1,574
1,567
3
7,238
7,210
[m ] [m ] [m ] [m ]
Note: 1. Normally the geometric capacity at ambient temp. is used to specify the geometric capacity of the tank. 2. The calculated net working capacity at minimum design temp. shall not be less than the net working capacity required. The calculated net working shall include margin for the displacement of internal accessories.
6. TANK SIZING (4/6) TYPICAL CALCULATION OF TANK CAPACITY OF LNG STORAGE TANK AT MINIMUM DESIGN TEMPERATURE Top of Inner Tank Shell at Ambient Temperature (Construction Phase)
Inner Tank Height at Design Temperature
Inner Tank Height at Ambient Temperature (Construction Phase)
Top of Inner Tank Shell at Minimum Design Temperature
Maximum Design LNG Level (HLL)
Top Deadwood: 1,000 mm or Sloshing Height + 1 ft Liquid Runup whichever Larger.
Net Working Capacity
Minimum Design LNG Level (LLL) NPSHR (@Rated Capacity) of Submerged Pumps
Margin
Pumpable Minimum LNG Level at Minimum Flow Rate Bottom Deadwood
Pump Well Submerged Pump Foot Valve
Minimum 150 mm at operation position of the foot valve.
Top of Inner Tank Bottom Inner Tank Inside Diameter at Design Temperature Inner Tank Inside Diameter at Ambient Temperature (Construction Phase)
6. TANK SIZING (5/6) OTHER RESTRICTIONS & LIMITATIONS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE INNER TANK SIZING (1/2) 1. Ratio of HLL/D (High Liquid Level / Tank Inside Diameter) The ratio of HLL/D shall be thoroughly decided in consideration of stability of the inner tank at seismic condition to determine the necessity of the anchorage on the inner tank that are preferably to be eliminated to avoid penetrations into the tank foundation slab. 2. Limit of the Inner Tank Height (1) Soil Conditions Survey of the inner tank height limit due to soil conditions shall be thoroughly performed based on the soil investigation report and preliminary tank foundation design including implementation of the soil improvement and/or piling shall also be performed simultaneously. (2) Insulation Material Strength Limitation of the inner tank height due to the allowable strength of bottom insulation material including safety factor and seismic load on the inner tank bottom. The inner tank height may be increased up to 40 m in consideration of design safety factor and allowable compressive load for the insulation material (cellular glass) and bottom pressure due to earthquake.
6. TANK SIZING (6/6) OTHER RESTRICTIONS & LIMITATIONS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE INNER TANK SIZING (2/2) 3. Limit of the 9% Ni. Steel Shell Thickness The maximum inner tank sizes subject to the maximum shall plate thickness permitted are as follows: BS 7777 : 40 mm (Type V improved 9% Ni steel)* API 620 /ASTM A553 : 50.8 (2 in.) per ASTM A 553** * : When material thickness are required in excess of the value,, additional requirements to maintain the same level of safety are to be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
**: The maximum thickness of plates is limited only by the capacity of the material to meet the specified mechanical property requirements; however, current mill practice normally limits this material to 2 in. max.
7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (1/5) Sheet 1 of 4
Requirements Apply to the Inner Tank
Rev.
LNG STORAGE TANK DATA SHEET
Requirements Apply to the Outer Tank
Owner Project Title
: A COMPANY : X PROJECT
Location
:-
CHIYODA Job No. Consortium Doc. No. CHIYODA Doc. No.
: XXXXXX : :
Tank No. Service
Design Code Requirements
1.
4. 5.
Basic Design Data - Minimum Working Capacity - Tank Size - Hydrotest Water Level - Internal Pressure, etc.
Design Code
API STD 620 9TH ED ADDENDUM 3 , APPENDIX Q for Inner Tank Design BS 7777 Part 3 as guidance for Outer Tank Design
Design Condition Type of Foundation Type of Roof Type of Bottom Min. Working Capacity Tank Diameter (I.D) Tank Height Design Pressure Max .Design Liquid Level Hydrotest Water Level Operating Pressure Design Temperature Operating Temperature Design Amb. Temp.(Max./Min.) Design Spec. Gravity Corrosion Allowance Filling Rate Emptying Rate Design Wind Velocity Snow Load Seismic Load
INNER TANK --Suspended Deck Flat 140,000 m3 See Note 1. 76,000 mm TBD 35,300 mm TBD --34,700 mm TBD 21,000 mm TBD ---165 0C (Later) 0C --483 kg/m 3 0 mm 11,500 m3/h 1,707 m3/h --None See sheet 2 of 4.
OUTER TANK Stone Column Dome ----78,000 mm TBD 39,000 mm TBD +290 mbarg / -5 mbarg ----From +80 mbarg to +240 mbarg 38.5 0C 0 --C 38.5 0C / 6 0C --0 mm ----See sheet 2 of 4. None See sheet 2 of 4.
9 % Ni Steel 9 % Ni Steel 9 % Ni Steel --Aluminum Alloy or equivalent. --------304 SS See Note 2. 304 SS 304 SS
Prestressed Concrete (PC) Reinforced Concrete (RC) --C.S + Reinforced Concrete (RC) --C.S C.S 9 % Ni Steel 9 % Ni Steel CS CS CS
2. 3.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
Abbreviation : TBD = To be determined/verified by Subcontractor Required Nos. : 2 tanks
: T-0001, & T-0002 : LNG
24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Material Requirements
30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
Painting & Coating Requirements
40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
TANK MATERIAL Wall Bottom Annular Bottom Roof Plate/Structure Suspended Deck Wall Vapor Barrier Bottom Vapor Barrier Secondary Bottom Corner Protection Nozzle Neck/Internal Piping Nozzle Flange Flange/Bolting PAINTING Temporary Rust Prevention Permanent External Wall Roof Underside of Bottom Appurtenances Internal Notes : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Yes. See Specification.
-----------
See Specification. Bituminous coats ----Yes ---
See Note 5.
See Note 3 & 4.
At design temperature. See Appendix-3. Alternatively 9% Ni Steel for Pump Columns. Stainless steel bolt and nut such as type 304 and 316 except those of type 316L shall be coated. Including metallic surface for materials of stainless steel, carbon steel, galvanized steel except insulated surface. Side face of buried bottom slab only. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND THE PROPERTY OF CHIYODA CORPORATION (CHIYODA) AND THE COPYRIGHT THEREIN IS VESTED IN CHIYODA. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT, DATA, OR INFORMATION SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER OR USED FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER, EXCEPT WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CHIYODA.
7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (2/5) OBE : Operating Basis Earthquake SSE : Safety Shutdown Earthquake See next sheet for detail per NFPA 59A.
Seismic Design Condition
Wind Velocity & Pressure Design Against Flying Object Design Against Heat Radiation Design Against Blast Wave
Design of Spill Protection
7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (3/5) OBE ( Operating Basis Earthquake ) and SSE (Safety Shutdown Earthquake) per NFPA 59A
OBE (Operating Basis Earthquake): The LNG container shall be designed to remain operable during and after an OBE. SSE (Safety Shutdown Earthquake): Similarly, the design shall be such that during and after an SSE there shall be no loss of containment capability, and it shall be possible to isolate and maintain the LNG container. After the SSE event, the container shall be emptied and inspected prior to resumption of containerfilling operation
7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (4/5) Sheet 3 of 4 Rev.
LNG STORAGE TANK DATA SHEET Owner Project Title
: A COMPANY : X PROJECT
Location CTCI Job No. CHIYODA Job No. Consortium Doc. No. CHIYODA Doc. No.
:-
Tank No. Service 1. 2. 3.
Pump Column Design Data
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
BOG Requirements
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
: XXXXXX : :
: T-0001, & T-0002 : LNG
Abbreviation : TBD = To be determined/verified by Subcontractor Required Nos. : 2 tanks
PUMP COLUMN DESIGN DATA (See Note 1.) - Quantity Normal operation : 2 sets, Spare : 1 set for one tank - Column Diameter 34" - Design Flow Rate 569 m3/hr pump - Design Pressure 15.0 barg - Foot Valve Required (Supplied by Contractor) - Filter Box Required. - Weight of Pump 2,500 kg / one pump (maximum load to be lifted by hoist /crane) - Weight of Foot Valve 1,300 kg / one foot valve BOG RATE - Maximum BOG Rate 0.075 vol.% per day - Design Condition LNG latent heat of : 122 kcal/kg pure methane Normal Internal pressure : 240 mbarg LNG temperature : -165 ℃ Ambient temperature : 38.5 ℃ Solar radiation : Roof : 48 ℃ / Shell : 43 ℃ equilibrium temperature (Minimum) Liquid density of : 423 kg/m 3 pure methane Liquid level : Maximum allowable liquid level (See Appendix-3.) Wind speed : None Relative Humidity : 93% average Tank Condition : Stable
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
BOG Performance Test Requirements
35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
BOG PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE TEST - Test Required for each tank. - Guarantee BOG Rate BOG rate (0.075 vol.% per day) shall be guaranteed under the following conditions: - An ambient temperature of 30.0 ℃ - High liquid level - Stable condition - LNG tank normal operating pressure - Constant barometric pressure - No ship loading - No cold circulation - No gas send-out - Test Method BOG rate guarantee test shall be done after heat stable condition is attained under the constant pressure with no unloading, no cold circulation, and no LNG send-out conditions. After confirmation of the tank conditions mentioned in the "Guarantee BOG Rate", BOG rate measurement shall be carried out. BOG rate shall be measured by the flow instrument with temperature and pressure compensation which will be installed on BOG line from LNG tank. The flow instrument will be provided by Contractor. Storage tank concrete surface temperatures and bottom temperatures shall be measured during the performance test. The test result shall be corrected in consideration of the following factors: - Barometric pressure change - The difference between estimated heat ingress, which will be derived from the tank surface temperatures, bottom temperatures and other measured values during performance test and design heat ingress at the guarantee conditions specified above.
53.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND THE PROPERTY OF CHIYODA CORPORATION (CHIYODA) AND THE COPYRIGHT THEREIN IS VESTED IN CHIYODA. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT, DATA, OR INFORMATION SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER OR USED FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER, EXCEPT WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CHIYODA.
7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (5/5) Sheet 4 of 4 Rev.
LNG STORAGE TANK DATA SHEET ACCESSORY LIST OF REFRIGERATED STORAGE TANK Owner Project Title
: A COMPANY : X PROJECT
Location CTCI Job No. CHIYODA Job No. Consortium Doc. No. CHIYODA Doc. No.
:-
Tank No. Service
3. 4.
Abbreviation : TBD = To be determined/verified by Subcontractor Required Nos. : 2 tanks
: T-0001, & T-0002 : LNG
INNER TANK
1. 2.
: XXXXXX : :
Item Skin Temp Detector for cooldown
OUTER TANK
Q'ty-Size Remarks per P&ID For shell plate per P&ID For bottom plate
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Inner Ladder along pump column with cage & intermediate landings Platform/ladder below roof manway Deck Walkway Annular Space Monorail
1
2 1 (TBD)
13. 14. 15.
Deck Manhole Deck Vent
2 Yes (TBD)
Deck Support
Yes (TBD)
Pipe Supports Internal Piping
Yes Yes
Anchor Strap Earth lugs Grounding
(TBD) Yes Yes
PRV VRV Nozzle and Manholes Monorail/Hoist or Crane Pipe Support
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Tank Appurtenances
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
To be connected to the outer tank
26. 27. 28. 29.
Leak Detection System Annular Space Horizontal Annular Space Vertical
32 2
Incl. 16 spares
30. 31. 32. 33.
TANK FOUNDATION
34. 35. 36.
Bottom Heating System and Temperature Sensor
Yes
See Data Sheet.
Settlement Measurem't Clip Settlement Measurem't System for Found'n Slab
12 Yes
Periphery Inclinometer for construction use only
37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.
Item Roof Circumferential Walkway Stairway Top Platform PSV Platform VRV Platform Emergency ladder w/cage & platform Lift External Monorail for Wall Maintenance
Yes Yes Yes Yes 1
Lighting Lightning Protection Grounding Junction Box Including Support & Foundation Cable Tray/Support Settlement Measur't System Process Piping Utility piping Valves for Piping Pressure Relief Valve for Piping Spectacle Blinds for Piping Fire Protection System Spill Protection Cathodic Protection Pump Column Head Plate Stand Temporary Pot for Intank Pump
Yes Yes Yes Yes
55. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND THE PROPERTY OF CHIYODA CORPORATION (CHIYODA) AND THE COPYRIGHT THEREIN IS VESTED IN CHIYODA. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT, DATA, OR INFORMATION SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER OR USED FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER, EXCEPT WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CHIYODA.
Opposite side of stairway
Yes Yes Yes Per Appendix-2. Yes (TBD) For intank pump. Yes 2 1 1 1 1 Yes
Water spray system Fire extinguishing system for PRV tail pipe. Gas detectors for flange connections of LNG lines larger than 2" on roof main platform To be located on the top platform.
Remarks All around
No No
Pressure Gage Pressure Transmitter Tank Gage with Transmitter Tank Gage with Transmitter Temperature Element Instruments for Piping
Note : 1. The following fire protection shall be provided per Appendix-8.
-1. -2. -3. -4.
Q'ty-Size Yes
Capacitance type Radar type Multi element
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1
See Note 1.
1
See Note 4.
See Note 4.
8. FILING AND WITHDRAWAL OF LNG (1/2) Recently in-tank (submerged) pumps and pump columns are provided with not only full containment tanks but also single containment tanks instead of wall and bottom connections and penetrations as shown below, since the leakage of LNG to the atmosphere can be minimized by avoiding all connections and penetrations on the tank below the maximum LNG level
Conventional Design with Penetrations below the LNG Level
Relatively vulnerable points (Potential leak source). Relatively vulnerable points (Potential leak source).
LNG
LNG
Emergency remote control and/or automatic fail safe shut off valve
Emergency remote control and/or automatic fail safe shut off valve
Since all stored LNG above the wall penetration will be flown out to the atmosphere when the leakage of LNG occurs from the potential leak sources shown in the above, BS 7777 requires to provide emergency remote control and/or automatic fail safe shut-off valves as shown in the above.
8. FILLING & WITHDRAWAL OF LNG (2/2) USING OF SUBMERGED PUMPS & PUMP WELL (OVER-THE -TOP FILLING & WITHDRAWAL)
POWER SUPPLY TO SUBMERGED PUMP
FROM LIQUEFICATION PLANT AND/OR LOADING FACILITIES
FILLING LINE WITH BAFFLE PLATE
TO VAPORIZATION, SEND-OUT PLANT AND/OR LOADING FACILITIES PUMP COLUMN
SUBMERGED PUMP & FOOT VALVE
FILLING LINE WITH INTERNAL PIPING DOWN TO BOTTOM
9. MAJOR SAFETY DEVICES FOR LNG TANK
TANK GAUGE SYSTEM WITH DENSITY MEASUREMENT
Rollover Protection
HIGH LIQUID LEVEL ALARM
Overfill Protection
VACUUM RELIEF VALVE (VRV)
Protection against excessive vacuum
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (PRV)
Protection against excessive pressure
FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOR PRV TAIL PIPE
Tail pipe fire protection (Dry Chemical CO2, N2 Injection, etc.)
SPILL PROTECTION
LNG spill correction & protection of roof
WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Protection against adjacent fire
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
LNG leak detection
SLAB HEATING SYSTEM
Protection against the frost of soil
GAS DETECTOR FIRE DETECTOR
LNG leak & fire detection
10. DESIGN OF DOUBLE METAL TANK
The typical basic concepts for design of double metal refrigerated tank is shown in the following pages. (1) Double Metal Wall Tank Design - Suspended Deck - Typical
(2) Double Metal Wall Tank Design - Double Dome Roof - Typical
(1) DOUBLE METAL WALL TANK DESIGN - SUSUPENDED DECK - TYPICAL Heat Radiation from PRV Tail Pipe Fire
Outer Tank Roof, Live Load, Roof Accessories & Suspended Deck/Insulation
Flying Object
Factor such as solar radiation, ambient temp. and subsoil temp. etc. for BOG & insulation design are not shown. Up Lift due to Internal Pressure, Wind/Earthquake Overturning Moment.
Internal Vacuum
Insulation & Live Load Internal Pressure Heat Radiation from Adjacent Fire
Overturning Moment Due to Earthquake or Wind
Up Lift due to Earthquake Overturning Moment.
Blast Wave Wind
Load exerted by Perlite Pressure due to Earthquake
Internal Vacuum Load exerted by Perlite Internal Pressure
Hydrotest Water Product
Hydrotest Water* Product* Inner Tank Anchor Outer Tank Anchor Earthquake
Base Share Due to Earthquake Inner Tank Shell, Insulation (Resilient Blanket) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Earthquake. Outer Tank Roof, Suspended Deck, Shell, Insulation (PUF) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Wind or Earthquake.
Hydrotest Water* Product* & Annular Space Insulation *: If outer tank to be designed to store product and to be hydrostatic tested.
(2) DOUBLE METAL WALL TANK DESIGN - DOUBLE DOME ROOF - TYPICAL Heat Radiation from PRV Tail Pipe Fire
Outer Tank Roof, Live Load, Roof Accessories
Flying Object Internal Vacuum, Insulation, Live Load
Up Lift due to Internal Pressure, Wind/Earthquake Overturning Moment.
Internal Vacuum Internal Pressure
Factor such as solar radiation, ambient temp. and subsoil temp. etc. for BOG & insulation design are not shown.
Internal Pressure Heat Radiation from Adjacent Fire
Overturning Moment Due to Earthquake or Wind
Up Lift due to Internal Pressure, Earthquake Overturning Moment.
Blast Wave Wind
Load exerted by Perlite Pressure due to Earthquake
Internal Vacuum Load exerted by Perlite Internal Pressure
Hydrotest Water Product
Hydrotest Water* Product* Inner Tank Anchor Outer Tank Anchor Earthquake
Base Share Due to Earthquake Inner Tank Shell, Insulation (Resilient Blanket) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Earthquake. Outer Tank Roof, Suspended Deck, Shell, Insulation (PUF) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Wind or Earthquake.
Hydrotest Water* Product* & Annular Space Insulation
*: If outer tank to be designed to store product and to be hydrostatic tested.
11. ROLLOVER PROTECTION (1/4) 1. What is Rollover? Since the LNG stored in the refrigerated tank is naturally mixed by the convection at top surface due to the boiling off of LNG as shown in the following fig., the rollover will not occur unless receiving LNG having different density into same tank especially receiving heavier density of LNG into bottom level of the tank or leaving the stored LNG long time. LNG VAPOR
LNG VAPOR
VAPORIZING LIGHT PARTS OF LNG
HEAVIER LNG WILL GO DOWN TO THE BOTTOM (CONVECTION)
NATURAL MIXING BY CONVECTION
LNG
NORMAL CONDITION IN THE LNG OF EVEN DENSITY
11. ROLLOVER PROTECTION (2/4) In consequence of the operation that receiving different density LNG into same tank especially receiving heavier density of LNG into bottom level of the tank or leaving stored LNG long time without mixing and/or circulation; (1) Light parts of LNG at upper layer will boil off due to heat transfer from the lower layer to upper layer of LNG (2) Density of upper layer will be heavier gradually due to the vaporization of light parts of LNG
(1) LNG VAPOR
BOILING OFF OF LNG
HEAT TRANSFER
(2) LNG VAPOR
BOILING OFF OF LNG
HEAT TRANSFER
11. ROLLOVER PROTECTION (3/4) (3) In case that the density of upper LNG layer become equal to or more that that of lower layer, the boiling off of LNG stored at lower layer will occur due to the rollover suddenly (4) The excessive boil-off gas caused by the rollover energy will be danger of damage the storage tank
(3)
LNG VAPOR
ROLL OVER OF LNG
(4)
EXCESSIVE LNG VAPOR
BOILING OFF OF LNG
11. ROLLOVER PROTECTION (4/4) 2. How to Protect Rollover (1) Measurement of Density of LNG Stored at Every Level To detect the phenomena of stratiform of LNG having different density, the LNG tank shall be equipped with the level gauging systems that are able to measure the density of LNG stored at any level of LNG. (2) To avoid the stratiform of LNG, the following counter measure(operation) shall be taken. - Restriction of the receiving of LNG having different density into same tank - *Mixing of LNG stored using of jet nozzle - *Receiving of heavier LNG from top part of the tank and lighter LNG from bottom part of the tank - *Circulation of LNG stored to mix lower layer and top layer *: See Fig. below. Receiving of heavier LNG from top part of the tank
FROM LIQUEFACTION PLANT AND/OR LOADING FACILITIES
Circulation of LNG stored to mix lower layer and top layer TO VAPORIZATION, SEND-OUT PLANT AND/OR LOADING FACILITIES
Mixing of LNG stored using jet nozzle PUMP COLUMN
SUBMERGED PUMP
Receiving of lighter LNG from bottom part of the tank
12. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT OF PC (PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE) (1/2) 1. General The concept of LNG storage tank for Full Containment Type is that the outer tank is intended to be capable both of containing LNG and controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event. The pre-stressed concrete outer tank wall instead of the RC (Reinforced Concrete) outer tank wall with the earth embankment is introduced in 1990th to minimize tank area and construction cost. The Pre-Stressing Concrete is common design technology and generally used for construction of superstructures such as bridges, etc. 2. Concept of Pre-stressing The outer tank wall (reinforced concrete) is reinforced by by the Pre-stress Tendon against internal pressure as shown in the following model. PRE-STRESSING ON TENDON
PRE-STRESSING TENDON
TOP OF PC WALL
DUCT PRE-STRESSING ON OUTER WALL
BUTTRESS PRE-STRESSING ON OUTER WALL
ANCHOR
PRE-STRESSING ON OUTER WALL
PRE-STRESSING ON TENDON
REINFORCED CONCRETE OUTER WALL
HORIZONTAL
DUCT
VERTICAL
PRE-STRESSING TENDON
12. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT OF PC (PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE) (2/2) 3. Design Concept of Pre-stressed Concrete Outer Tank Wall (1) Permeation of LNG Vapor For the above corner protection, the carbon steel liner is used to provide and impervious barrier against permeation by LNG vapor at the normal operation condition. Since the carbon steel liner is not intended to contain LNG leakage from the inner tank, in principle, the PC outer wall shall be designed considering that the width of a crack on PC wall shall not be more than 0.2 mm in case of LNG leakage. Because of ice formation in pores the permeability is reduced at minimum design temperature of LNG as compared to normal temperature and it is planned to utilize this self-blocking effect. (2) Residual Compressive Stress In addition to the aforesaid allowable crack width on the PC outer wall, the residual compressive stress zone shall be 15% of wall thickness, but not less than 80mm in case of LNG leakage as shown in the following fig. The value of the minimum residual compression stress to be with discussed and agreed by the client for the project. “T”: THICKNESS OF PC OUTER WALL “T” X 0.15 OR 80 mm WHICHEVER LARGER RESIDUAL COMPRESSION STRESS ZONE
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
LNG LEAK LEVEL
PC OUTER WALL
2.Basic Design Data of Low Temperature
3.1 Applicable Code
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (1/9)
OVERSEAS
DOMESTIC (IN JAPAN)
Europe
USA
BS 7777
API Std 620
EEMUA 147
LNG 地上式貯槽指針 高圧ガス保安法(High Press. Gas Control Low) LNG 地下式貯槽指針
EN 1473
NFPA 59A
高圧ガス保安法 (High Press. Gas Control Low)
NFPA 15
消防法
プラント 安全規準
その他関連 法規・規準
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (2/9)
BS 7777
OVERSEAS Europe
USA
BS 7777
API Std 620
EEMUA 147 EN 1473
NFPA 59A
NFPA 15
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (3/9) Design Codes & Standards BS 7777
Description British Standard 7777 Flat-bottomed, vertical, cylindrical storage tanks for low temperature service Consists of: Part -1: Guide to the general provisions applying for design, construction, installation and operation Part-2: Specification for the design and construction of single, double and full containment metal tanks for storage of liquefied gas at temperature down to -165 oC Part 3: Recommendations for the design and construction of prestressed and reinforced concrete tanks and tank foundations, and the design andb installation of tank insulation, tank liners and tank coatings Part-4: Specification for the design and construction of single containment tanks for the storage of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon
Notes Including definition of single, double and full containment & prestressed outer tank design requirements in part 3.
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (4/9)
EEMUA 147
OVERSEAS Europe
USA
BS 7777
API Std 620
EEMUA 147 EN 1473
EN 1473 NFPA 59A
NFPA 15
API Std 620
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (5/9) Design Codes & Standards
EEMUA 147
Description
The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Publication No. 147
Notes Including definition of single, double and full containment that are same as defined in BS 7777.
Recommendations for the Design and Construction of Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Storage Tanks
EN 1473
Adopted European Standard Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas - design od Onshore Installation
Including definition of single, double and full containment that are same as defined in BS 7777.
API Std 620
American Petroleum Institute API Standard 620
Definitions of single, double and full containment that are not included.
Design and Construction of large, Welded, Low - Pressure Storage Tanks
Applicable to the cylindrical inner tank of each containment type defined in BS 7777, and double metal single and full containment tank.
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (6/9)
OVERSEAS Europe
USA
BS 7777
API Std 620
EEMUA 147 EN 1473
NFPA 59A
NFPA 59A
NFPA 15
NFPA 15
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (7/9) Design Codes & Standards NFPA 59A
Description National Fire Protection Association NFPA 59 A
Notes Applicable to the spacing, bund wall design, fire protection, safety and security.
Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied natural Gas (LNG)
NFPA 15
National Fire Protection Association NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed System for Fire Protection
Applicable to the water spray system.
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (8/9)
DOMESTIC (IN JAPAN)
高圧ガス保安法 High Press. Gas Control Low LNG 地上式貯槽指針 LNG Aboveground Tank
高圧ガス保安法
LNG 地上式貯槽指針 高圧ガス保安法 LNG 地下式貯槽指針
消防法
プラント 安全規準
高圧ガス保安法 High Press. Gas Control Low LNG 地下式貯槽指針 LNG Underground Tank その他関連 法規・規準
3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (9/9) Design Codes & Standards
Description
高圧ガス保 安法 LNG 地上式 貯槽指針
経済産業省
高圧ガス保 安法 LNG 地下式 貯槽指針
経済産業省
Notes Applicable to the above ground LNG storage tank in Japan
社団法人 日本ガス協会
社団法人 日本ガス協会
Applicable to the under ground and/or in-ground LNG storage tank in Japan
3.2 Seismic Load
3.2 Seismic Load
LNG Tanks shall be designed for two levels of seismic ground motion ( NFPA 59A, Para.4.1.3.2) OBE SSE
Operating basis earthquake Safe shutdown earthquake
①OBE : 10% probability of exceedance within a 50-year period(=500years) ②SSE : 1% probability of exceedance within a 50-year period(=500years)
3.3 Liquid Temperature
3.3. TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR MATERIAL OF CRYOGENIC STORAGE TANKS oC
30 20 10 0
- 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 70 - 80 - 90 - 100 - 110 - 120 - 130 - 140 - 150
- 160 - 170 - 180 - 190 - 200
oＦ
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 70 - 80 - 90 - 100 - 110 - 120 - 130 - 140 - 150 - 160 - 170 - 180 - 190 - 200 - 210 - 220 - 230 - 240 - 250 - 260 - 270 - 280 - 290 - 300 - 310 - 320 - 330
Classification of Low temperature Service Steel
Boiling Temperature of Liquefied Gases
Ammonia
: - 33.4oC ( - 28.1oF)
Propane Propylene
: - 42.1oC ( - 43.8oF) : - 47.7oC ( - 53.9oF)
Hydrogen Sulfide Radon
:-
61.0oC
77.8oF)
(-
:-
65.0oC
( - 85.0oF)
78.5oC
-109.3oF)
Carbon Dioxide Acetylene
:( : - 84.0oC ( -119.2oF)
Ethane
: - 88.6oC ( -127.5oF)
Ethylene
: -103.5oC ( -154.3oF)
Xenon
: -108.0oC ( -162.4oF)
Krypton Methane
Oxygen Argon Nitrogen
Low-Carbon Steel 0.20～0.35% C 0.15～0.30% Si
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