Refractive Index of Different Liquids Using Hollow Prism

REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFRENT LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW PRISM

MADE BY -: Piyushh Bhutoria CLASS -: XII BOARD ROLL NO. -:

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that PIYUSHH BHUTORIA of class XII-A has completed the physics project entitled “TO FIND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW PRISM” under the guidance of her physics teacher Mrs and lab assistant Mr The progress of the project has been continuously reported and has been acknowledged consistently.

(Physics Teacher)

ACKNOWLEDGEME nT I would like to owe the sense of gratitude to our physics teacher Mrs. for her consistent guidance, support and encouragement without which this project would not able to exist in present shape. I would also like to thank our Lab assistant Mr., my parents for their blessings and my friends for their help in order to complete the project.

C O N T E N T S

Aim Apparatus Required Theory Procedure Observation & Calculation Conclusion Precautions Bibliography

AIM

To find refractive index of different liquids using hollow prism.

THEORY PRISM:

A prism is a transparent optical

element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.

REFRACTION: The refractive index of the liquid Is given by the formula:

Where: = refractive index of the liquid

= the angle of minimum deviation r = angle of refraction i = angle of incidence A = angle of prism

FLUIDS

REFRACTI VE INDEX

Water Glycerine Ethyl Alcohol Vegetable Oil Acetone HCl

1.33 1.47 1.36 1.45 1.36 1.34

PROCEDURE

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing pins.  Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.  Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.  Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line.  Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the marked outline ABC.  Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.  Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.  Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence.

S.No

i

e

d

A

1.

35

48

24

60

2.

40

52

30

60

3.

45

42

25

60

4.

50

36

26

60

5.

55

32

28

60

.

HCl

Ethyl alcohol

S.No

i

e

d

A

1.

35

52

26

60

2.

40

44

25

60

3.

45

41

25

60

4.

50

36

26

60

5.

55

32

27

60

.

CALCULATION S

CALCULATION GRAPH HCL ethyl alcohol

RESULT

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL  EXPERIMENTAL-1.36  CALCULATED- 1.34 THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL  EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34  CALCULATED- 1.34

PRECAUTION S

Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.  Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.  Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.  Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.  Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and incident ray.

BIBLIOGRAPH Y

 wikipedia.org  google.com  physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com}  earthphysics.com