Referat - KAD Pada Anak

 

Yederat

BE]HASFMHSFS MFAIE]FB  Mfanubak Seiagaf Sa`al Satu ]ugas Ma`aj Jekna`akf Bepakfteraak B`fkfb Sekfhr _ama Iagfak/SJD F`ju Beselatak Akab  Bemhbterak Ukfversftas Ja`fbussa`el Yujal Sabft Ujuj Cut Jeutfa

H`el > Mwf Agustfak Laralap, S.Bem 9??4119?=1

_resepthr > mr. Jagldfral, Sp.A, J.Bes

IAGFAK SJD/F@JU _EKVABF] MA@AJ DABU@]AS BEMHB]EYAK UKFTEYSF]AS JA@FBUSSA@EL YUJAL SABF] UJUJ CU] JEU]FA ACEL U]AYA 9?99

 

BA]A _EKGAK]AY  _unf syubur saya ucapbak belamfrat A``al SW] atas raljat, lfmayal, mak besejpatak-Kya selfkgga saya mapat jekye`esafbak `aphrak basus  basus   fkf mekgak numu` "Bethasfmhsfs Mfaietfb "".. _ekyusukak rederat fkf jerupabak pejekulak syarat uktub  jekye`esafba jekye` esafbak k tugas Bepakfteraak Bepakfteraak B`fkfb B`fkfb Sekfhr pama Iagfak/SJD/ Iagfak/SJD/F`ju F`ju Beselatak Beselatak Akab Dabu`tas Bemhberak Ukfversftas Ja`fbussa`el Yujal Sabft Ujuj Cut Jeutfa Acel Utara. Sefrfkg Sefrf kg rasa syubur atas terse`esa terse`esafbakkya fbakkya redarat fkf, mekgak rasa lhrjat mak rekmal latf saya sajpafbak terfjabasfl bepama> 1. _ejif _ejifji jifk fkg, g, mr.J mr.Jagl agldf dfra ral, l, Sp.A, Sp.A, J.Bes J.Bes at atas as ar aral alak ak mak if ifji jifk fkgak gakky kyaa ma`aj pekyusukak rederat fkf. 9. Salaiat Salaiat-sa -salaia laiatt bepakf bepakfter teraak aak b`fkfb b`fkfb sekfhr sekfhr mf Iagfak/SJ Iagfak/SJD/ D/ F` F`ju ju Besela Beselatak tak Akab Dabu`tas Bemhberak Ukfversftas Ja`fbussa`el Yujal Sabft Ujuj Cut Jeut Je utfa fa Acel Acel Ut Utar ara, a, ya yakg kg te te`a `al l jeji jejiak aktu tu ma`aj ma`aj ie iekt ktub ub jhtf jhtfvas vasff mak mubukgak sejakgat. Seiagaf jakusfa yakg tfmab `epas marf beburakgak, saya jekyamarf ialwa ma`aj pekyusukak rederat fkf jasfl naul marf sejpurka. sejpurka. Saya sakgat jekglarapbak jekglarapbak  iakyab brftfb mak sarak yakg jejiakguk ma`aj pekyejpurkaak pek yejpurkaak rederat fkf. Sejhga rederat fkf mapat ierjakdaat iagf bfta sejua. Ajfk.

Acel Utara, Jaret 9?99

 _eku`fs

f

 

MAD]AY FSF

BA]A _EKGAK]AY....................................................................................................f MAD]AY FSF.................................................................................................................ff IAI 1 _EKMALU@UAK.............................................................................................1 IAI 9 ]FKNAUAK _US]ABA....................................................................................3 9.1

Medfkfsf.. Medfkfsf........ ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............3 .....3

9.9

Epfmejfh`hgf Epfmejfh`hgf....... .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ..................= ...........=

9.3

Etfh`hgf Etfh`hgf mak Dabthr _ekcetus.... _ekcetus........... .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ......................... .......................5 ....5

9.= 9.5

_athgekesfs _athgekesfs....... .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ..............7 ........7 _ekegabak _ekegabak Mfagkhsfs.. Mfagkhsfs........ ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. ............................ ......................11 .11

1.

Akajkes Akajkesfs fs.... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ......... .......... .......... .........11 ....11

9.

_ejerf _ejerfbsa bsaak ak dfsfb. dfsfb.... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ......... .......... .......... .......... .........19 ....19

3.

_ejerf _ejerfbsa bsaak ak pekukn pekuknakg. akg.... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ........ .........1 ....13 3

9.4

_ekta`abasaka _ekta`abasakaak..... ak............ .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ..........................15 ...................15

9.7

Jhkfthrfkg Jhkfthrfkg ]erapf....... ]erapf.............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. .....................99 ...............99

9.<

_rhgkhsfs _rhgkhsfs mak Bhjp`fbasf Bhjp`fbasf ]erapf....... ]erapf............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ..................99 ...........99

IAI 3 BESFJ_U@AK...............................................................................................9= MAD]AY _US]ABA..................................................................................................95

ff

 

IAI 1 _EKMALU@UAK Bethasfmhsfs ama`al beamaak jetaih`fb yakg terbaft mekgak bhksektrasf seruj mak urfk yakg tfkggf secara path`hgfs marf iamak bethk. Iektub bethasfmhsfs yakg re`evak secara b`fkfs ama`al bethasfmhsfs mfaietfb (BAM). BAM ama`al bhjp`fbasf mfaietes yakg tfmab terbhktrh` yakg ierphteksf jekgakcaj nfwa. Fkf ifasakya ternamf  pama beamaak lfperg`fbejfa mak medfsfeksf fksu`fk, yakg jekyeiaibak `fph`fsfs mak hb hbsf sfmas masff as asaj aj `e `eja jab b ie ieia iass yakg yakg tfma tfmab b ma mapa patt mf mf`a `awa wak k mak mekga mekgak k me mejf jfbf bfak ak jekglasf`bak prhmubsf iamak bethk mak se`aknutkya pekfkgbatak asfmhsfs jetaih`fb  gap akfhk.1 Bareka beamaak marurat lfperg`fbejfb, benamfak bejatfak ierbfsar aktara 9

=% sajpaf =?% mf kegara ierbejiakg. Bethas Bet hasfmh fmhsfs sfs mfaiet mfaietfb fb (BAM) (BAM) mftakma mftakmaff mekgak mekgak lfperg lfperg`f `fbejf bejfaa yakg tf tfmab  mab  terbhktrh`, asfmhsfs jetaih`fb, mak pekfkgbatak bhksektrasf bethk tuiul. Fkf ama`al bhjp`fbasf mfaietes yakg jekgakcaj nfwa mak ifasakya ter`flat pama pasfek mekgak mfaiet mfa ietes es je``ft je``ftus us tfpe-1 tfpe-1.. Narakg Narakg nuga nuga mapat mapat ter ternam namff pama pama pasfek pasfek mekgak mekgak mfaiet mfaietes es je``ft je` `ftus us tfpe-9 tfpe-9.. BAM ama`al ama`al beamaak beamaak medfsf medfsfeks eksff fksu`f fksu`fk k re` re`atf atfdd atau atau aish`u aish`utt yakg mfperiurub mfper iurub h`el lfperg`fbej lfperg`fbejfa, fa, melfmrasf, melfmrasf, mak asfmhsfs. asfmhsfs. Ma`aj beiakyabak beiakyabak basus, basus,  pejfcukya ama`al fkdebsf, mfaietes hkset iaru, atau burakgkya bepatulak terlamap  pekghiatak.3 Mfaietes ama`al bhkmfsf brhkfs yakg ujuj mak pama 9?15, sebftar 3? nuta hrakg mf Ajerfba Serfbat jekmerfta mfaietes (93 nuta mekgak termfagkhsfs mak 7 nuta mekgak tfmab termfagkhsf termfagkhsfs). s). Sfstej _ekgawasak _ekgawasak Mfaietes Mfaietes Ajerfba Ajerfba Serfb Serfbat at CMC* (USMSS) jekuknubbak pekfkgbatak tfkgbat rawat fkap uktub BAM se`aja 9??69?1=, terutaja pama hrakg ierusfa 0=5 taluk. ]fkgbat tertfkggf pama hrakg ierusfa 0=5 taluk (==,3 per 1.??? pama 9?1=) mak terekmal pama hrakg ierusfa 45 taluk (09,?  per 1.???).=  Se`aja Se`aja taluk taluk 9?9? mfmapatba mfmapatbak k 3=,9 3=,9 nuta nuta hrakg hrakg jekmer jekmerfta fta mfaiet mfaietes, es, mekgak 94,6 nuta hrakg termfagkhsfs mak 7,3 nuta hrakg tfmab termfagkhsfs. _ama taluk 9?14, thta` 14 nuta buknukgak gawat marurat (EM) mf`aphrbak mekgak mfaietes, mekgak 1

 

9

9?3 rfiu nfwa jekga`ajf BAM. 5,4 Mfagkhsfs tepat wabtu, eva`uasf b`fkfs mak ifhbfjfa ya yakg kg bh bhjp jpre relek leksf sfd, d, mak jakan jakanej ejek ek yakg yakg ed edeb ebtf tfdd am ama` a`al al bu bukcf kcf be beier ierla lasf sf`a `ak k  pekata`absakaak BAM. Bhjphkek pektfkg marf jakanejek brfsfs lfperg`fbejfb  terjas terjasub ub bhhrmfk bhhrmfkasf asf resusf resusftas tasff cafrak cafrak,, terapf terapf fksu`f fksu`fk, k, mak pekggak pekggaktfa tfak k e`ebtr e`ebtrh`f h`ftt  iersaja mekgak pejaktauak pasfek terus jekerus jekggukabak a`at `aihrathrfuj yakg tersemfa uktub jejpremfbsf resh`usf brfsfs lfperg`fbejfb. 7  ]akpa pekghiatak yakg hptfja`, BAM tetap jeknamf bhkmfsf mekgak jhrifmftas mak jhrta`ftas yakg cubup iesar.<

 

IAI 9 ]FKNAUAK _US]ABA 9.1

Medfkfsf

Bethasfmhsfs ama`al beamaak jetaih`fb yakg terbaft mekgak bhksektrasf seruj mak urfk yakg tfkggf secara path`hgfs marf iamak bethk. Iektub bethasfmhsfs yakg re`eva re`evak k secara secara b`fkfs b`fkfs ama`al ama`al bethas bethasfmh fmhsfs sfs mfaiet mfaietfb fb (BAM). (BAM).1 Bet  Bethasfm hasfmhsfs hsfs mfaietfb  mfaietfb  (BAM) mftakmaf mekgak lfperg`fbejfa yakg tfmab terbhktrh`, asfmhsfs jetaih`fb, mak  pekfkgbatak

bhksektrasf

bethk

tuiul. Fkf

ama`al

bhjp`fbasf

mfaietes

yakg

jekgakcaj nfwa mak ifasakya ter`flat pama pasfek mekgak mfaietes je``ftus tfpe1. Narakg nuga mapat ternamf pama pasfek mekgak mfaietes je``ftus tfpe-9. BAM ama`al beamaak medfsfeksf fksu`fk re`atfd atau aish`ut yakg mfperiurub h`el lfperg`fbejfa, melfmrasf, mak asfmhsfs. Ma`aj beiakyabak basus, pejfcukya ama`al fkdebsf, mfaietes hkset iaru, atau burakgkya bepatulak terlamap pekghiatak. 3,6 Bethasfmhsfs mfaietfbuj (BAM) tfmab jejf`fbf suatu medfkfsf yakg mfsetunuf secara ukfversa` mak ieierapa usala te`al mf`abubak uktub jekgatasf perjasa`alak fkf mekgak jekggukabak brfterfa bamar ieta-lfmrhbsfiutfrat p`asja. Medfkfsf berna BAM seiagaf beamaak mfaietes tfmab terbhktrh` ierat mfsertaf mekgak bhksektrasf bethk bet hk tuiul tuiul ;5 jjh`/@ jjh`/@ yakg yakg jejiut jejiutulba ulbak k pekakga pekakgakak kak marura maruratt jekgguk jekggukabak abak 1?

fksu`fk mak cafrak fktraveka.  Beteriatasak ma`aj betersemfaak pejerfbsaak bamar  bethk maral bethk maral jejiuat jejiuat Ajerfc Ajerfcak ak Mfaiet Mfaietes es Asshcf Asshcfatf atfhk hk jekyar jekyarakb akbak ak pekgguka pekggukaak ak  pekmebatak yakg `eifl pragjatfs, yabkf BAM mfcfrfbak mekgak asfmhsfs jetaih`fb  (pL 07,3), ifbarihkat p`asja 015 jjh`/@, g`ubhsa p`asja ;95? jg/m@ mak lasf` carfb ce`up p`asja (≥ +) atau urfk (++). 3,11 Ajerfcak Mfaietes Asshcfatfhk (AMA) jekmedfkfsfbak BAM seiagaf suatu trfas trfas yakg termfr termfrff marf marf bethke bethkejfa jfa,, lfperg lfperg`fb `fbejf ejfaa mak asfmhs asfmhsfs. fs. _atut _atut mfperl mfperlatf atfbak bak  ialwa jasfkg-jasfkg marf m arf bhjphk bhjphkek ek pekyeiai BAM mapat mfseiaibak h`el bareka be`afkak jetaih`fb yakg `afk, selfkgga jejper`uas mfagkhsfs iakmfkgkya.1?,19

3

 

=

9.9

Epfmejfh`hgf

Fksfmek bethasfmhsfs mfaietfb ierbfsar marf ? lfkgga 54 per 1??? hrakg ma`aj setfap taluk. BAM jejf`fbf tfkgbat preva`eksf yakg `eifl tfkggf pama wakfta mak hrakg khk-bu`ft putfl. Fksfmek `eifl tfkggf mf aktara pasfek yakg jekggukabak fksu`fk suktfb mfiakmfkgbak mekgak phjpa fkdus fksu`fk suibutak. 3 Mf Ajerfba Serfbat, satu stumf je`aphrbak je`aphrbak pekglukf pekglukf paktf nhjph jekyujiakg jekyujiakg ?,7% marf BAM. _ekfkgbatak _ekfkgbatak jhrta`ftas mfbaftbak mekgak tejpat tfkgga` mf paktf nhjph mf aktara pasfek mekgak BAM. ]fkgbat bejatfak `eifl iesar marf 5% te`al mf`aphrbak pama hrakg tua mak  pasfek mekgak pekyabft yakg jekgakcaj nfwa. 3  BAM `eifl serfkg ternamf pama mfaietes tfpe 1, jesbfpuk 1?% sajpaf 3?% basus ternamf pama pasfek mekgak mfaietes tfpe 9. Jekurut tfknauak jhrifmftas mak jhrta`ftas CMC, mfaietes ftu sekmfrf ama`al sa`al satu bhkmfsf brhkfs yakg pa`fkg ujuj mf mukfa mak jejpekgarulf sebftar 3? nuta hrakg mf Ajerfba Serfbat. ]fkgbat rawat fkap BAM yakg mfsesuafbak mekgak usfa ierama pama trek jekuruk pama taluk 9???-ak tetapf terus jekfkgbat marf sesumalkya lfkgga pertekgalak 9?1?-ak mekgak tfkgbat rata-rata talukak 4,3%. 1,13 Fksf Fksfme mek k ta talu luka kak k BAM BAM ma marf rf st stum umff ie ieri rias asfs fs ph phpu pu`a `asf sf pa pama ma ta talu luk k 16 16