Referat Bedah Plantar Fascitis

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'u>ue 'u>ue [`hi [`hirit rit < ^eidti ^eidtirr His0mt His0mtms ms \`eic \`eic b`d;`e`sim b`d;`e`sim?id ?id tugis t`rs`kut >ieib ridg?i ?`pidmt`riid ?`pidmt`riid ?emdm? ?emdm? pi>i kigmid Mebu !`>ic Hi?uetis (`>8?t`rid -dm7`rsmtis #ucibbi>m;ic #i?issir.

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^eidtir his0mtms b`rupi?id suitu mdheibism his0mi peidtirms ;idg >ms`kik?id 8e`c 0`>`ri ;idg k`rueidg. \`r:i>m ?ir`di p`dgueurid ;idg k`re`kmcid >id p`d`?idid siit ?i?m b`d;idggi k`kid k`rit ki>id cmdggi b`dgi?mkit?id his0mi b`dgieibm ?`r8k`?id6 ?`r8k`?id ?`r8k`?id ?`0me pi>i :irmdgidd;i :irmdgidd;i.. ^eidtir ^eidtir his0mtms his0mtms b`rupi?id bisieic bus?ue8s?`e`tie ;idg >mpm0u 8e`c k`k`ripi hi?t8r3 ;imtu ubur3 :`dms ?`eibmd3 k`rit ki>id 5av`rw`mgct 5av`rw`mgct itiu 8k`smtis23 >`g`ritmh3 idit8bm ?i?m s`p`rtm heit s`p`rtm  heit haat itiu p`s itiu p`s oivub3 oivub3 i?tm7mtis hmsm?3 i?tm7mtis  k`r:ieid b`dgudi?id ieis ?i?m3 `tdm?3 >id ris. ^eidtir ^eidtir his0mtms his0mtms b`rupi? b`rupi?id id p`ri>id p`ri>idgid gid ;idg ;idg t`r:i> t`r:i>mm pi>i pi>i his0mi his0mi peidti peidtirms rms >m idt`r8b`>mie >irm tuk`r8smtis 0ie0id`us. ^i>i ?`i>iid mdm pism`d i?id b`risi?id d;`rm  pi>i tubmt t`rutibi siit kidgud tm>ur. D;`rm >ipit b`rupi?id i?mkit < t`?idid b`?idms 5;idg e`kmc budg?md t`r:i>m ?ieiu ?i?m rusi? k`dtu?d;i23 ri>idg s`d>m itiu ?`?i?uid3 e`sm tueidg s`t`bpit3 ms?`bmi p`rmh`r >id ?`t`gidgid. !. IDI IDI\"#M

(`ridg?i ?i?m t`r>mrm >irm 4 kigmid3 ;imtu< \irsie3 \irsie3 #`titirsie >id hieidgs. Oie0idu`s b`rupi?id kigmid >irm tueidg tirsie ;idg piemdg k`sir >id t`re`ti?   pi>i kigmid k`ei?idg ?i?m udtu? b`dicid k`rit ki>id. #`bpud;im `dib p`rbu?iid >id k`rirtm?ueism >`dgid >ui tueidg tirsie eimdd;i ;imtu tieus >m itisd;i >id tueidg ?uk8m> ?` iric ?i?m kigmid t`dgic. !igmid k`ei?idg >irm 0ie0id`us i>ieic tuk`r8smtis 0ie0idu`s 0ie0idu`s >id b`rupi?id b`rupi?id tmtm? tmtm? mds`rsm mds`rsm t`d>8d 0ie0id`us 5t`d>8d 5t`d>8d I0cmee`s I0cmee`s2. 2. Oie0id`us Oie0id`us  k`rhudgsm s`kigim tubpuid utibi >irm ?8bpe`? bus?ueus gistr80d`bmus >id bus?ueus s8e`us3 :ugi k`rhudgsm udtu? b`bk`rm?id h8d>ism itiu b`d;8?8dg k`rit ki>id%. His0mi peidtirms b`rupi?id suitu s`rikut ?i?u ;idg k`risie >irm ki9ic ?uemt tubmt >id b`e`kir s`pid:idg t`eipi? ?i?m sibpim ?` :irm6:irm ?i?m. His0mi peidtirms >ipit gibpidg >mt`bu?id >m ki9ic ?i?m3 t`rutibi ?`tm?i :irm6:irm ?i?m >8rs8he`?sm 5?` itis2. His0mi peidtirms t`r>mrm >irm tmgi kigmid ;imtu kigmid 0`dtrie3 b`>mie >id eit`rie. !igmid b`>mie b`rupi?id b`rupi?id s`rikut s`rikut ;idg piemdg piemdg s`rmdg s`rmdg b`dmbkue?id b`dmbkue?id ?`eucid pi>i ?isus his0mtms his0mtms  peidtirms%. O. @\M"E"$M #isieic utibi p`d;`kik peidtir his0mtms ububd;i k`r>isir?id ?eismhm?ism kigmid >irm tubmt ;idg t`risi d;`rm ;imtu p`d;i?mt pi>i oieoid`us (Ast`aby`emtms3 (Ast`aby`emtms3 tub8r3 pig`t's tub8r3 pig`t's lms` lms`is is`) `),, irtcrm irtcrmtm tmss pi>i p`rs`d p`rs`d>mi >mid d suktie suktieir ir33  past oieoid`us kursmtms, ruhtur` t`dlad oieoid`us, pirit`dlmdmtms oieoid`us, t`dl`r c``e pil >id peidtir >id peidtir hisommtms2 hisommtms24.

Hi?t8r ;idg b`bp`dgirucm peidtir his0mtms< . ^8ei ^8ei ?i?m >itir >itir t`r:i>m t`r:i>m g`ri?id g`ri?id pr8dism pr8dism s`cmdg s`cmdggi gi t`r:i>m t`r:i>m p`d`gidgi p`d`gidgid d his0mi his0mi smsm b`>mie. %. E`dg?ud E`dg?udgid gid ?i?m ;idg tmdggm3 tmdggm3 s`cmdggi s`cmdggi b`dgi?m b`dgi?mkit kit?id ?id p`b`d>`?i p`b`d>`?id d pi>i pi>i his0mi his0mi  peidtirms. 4. ^8ei ^8ei cm>up cm>up b`bmem?m b`bmem?m p`dggiru p`dggiruc c ;idg ;idg k`sir k`sir t`r:i>md; t`r:i>md;ii peidti peidtirr his0mt his0mtms ms s`p`rtm1 s`p`rtm1 ?`kmisiid k`r>mrm >ieib :idg?i 9i?tu ;idg eibi >id ?`kmisiid k`r:ieid :iuc >`dgid b`dggudi?id ieis ?i?m ;idg ?`ris. _`>idg?id hi?t8r eimdd;i3 i>ieic< . "k`smti "k`smtiss b`d;`kik? b`d;`kik?id id p`dubpuid p`dubpuid k`rit k`kid k`kid ;idg k`sir pi>i ?i?m3 ?i?m3 t`rutib t`rutibii >i`ric tubmt ;idg b`d`rmbi p`rs`dtis` t`?idid ;idg k`sir s`cmdggi p`re`?itid stru?tur his0mi b`dgieibm p`d`?idid k`re`kmcid. %. Av`r Av`r us` us` peid peidti tirr hiso hisomi mi i?id b`d;`kik?id p`dgueurid ;idg k`re`kmcid pi>i his0mi peidtirms. 4. ^i>i l`g`d`ritmv`  l`g`d`ritmv`  t`r:i>m t`r:i>m p`durudid p`durudid c`iemdg r`spad  r`spad  >id p`durudid `eistmsmtis  :irmdgid s`cmdggi b`bp`dgirucm ?`e`dturid his0mi peidtirms. _`eimd hi?t8r >m itis :ugi t`r>ipit hi?t8r k`rupi k`dtu? t`eipi? ?i?m. (i?m p`s 0i7ub 0i7ub b`bmem b`bmem?m ?m t`?idid t`?idid ;idg k`re`kmc k`re`kmc pi>i his0mi his0mi peidti peidtirms rms s`eibi s`eibi c``e c``e strm strmf` f` ?` bmlstido`3 bmlstido`3 s`>idg?id ?i?m ;idg p`s peidus i?id b`bk`rm?id p`d`?idid pi>i his0mi s`eibi bmlstido` ?` t`rbmdie stid0` >id :ugi pi>i siit ta` ahh 4. _`>id _`>idg?i g?id d k`dtu k`dtu? ? pi>i pi>i ?i?m ?i?m  heit haat itiu  pradit`l heit >ipit b`dmbkue?id b`dmbkue?id  p`rukicid emgi emgidb db`dt `dt >irm oieo oieoid` id`us us s`cmdg s`cmdggi gi b`bp`dg b`bp`dgiru irucm cm irfus irfus peid peidti tirm rmss >ieib i?tmhmtis i?tmhmtis siit b`dubpu k`rit ki>id ?`tm?i k`r>mrm itiu k`r:ieid. k`r:ieid. !`dtu? ?i?m heit ?i?m  heit haat 

>ms`kik >ms`kik?id ?id 8t8t68 8t8t68t8t t8t mdtrmd mdtrmdsm? sm? peidti peidtirms rms tm>i? tm>i? b`bi>im b`bi>im ;idg ;idg b`dgi?m b`dgi?mkit kit?id ?id t`reie t`reieu u t`r`gidgd;i emgib`d s`cmdggi ir0us peidtirms b`d:i>m oaeeips. oaeeips. !mei cie mdm t`m:i>m3 bi?i tieus pr8dism >id >ipit t`rg`s`r ?` b`>miems >irm 0ie0id`us3 ^i>i i?cmrd;i >ipit b`rukic  k`dtu? susudid 8ssi tirsm ;idg t`remkit as.Oieoid`us, as.Divmoueir` lid as. Oukaml`ub4. ^ism`d ;idg b`d>`rmti peidtir his0mtms ububd;i t`r:i>m pi>i< )%N 9idmti ),N 87`r9mgct *)N k`rubur >m itis 4 ticud ,4N p`?`r:i ;idg k`r>mrm e`kmc >irm = :ib s`cirm itiu k`r:ieid !iru bueim 8eicrigi s`t`eic k`k`ripi ticud tm>i? 8eicrigi 5b`d>i>i?2 ^ism`d >`dgid peidtir his0mtms b`bpud;im eipmsid kigmid tubmt ;idg e`kmc tmpms >id     

87`rpr8dism siit k`r:ieid,. Lid p`d;`kik p`d;i?mt t`rs`kut< 4=N tm>i? >m?`ticum *N ?ir`di 87`r9`mgct >id 8k`s &N ?ir`di k`r:ieid %N ?ir`di k`reirm N ?ir`di p`rukicid i?tm7mtis &N t`r:i>m siit ?`0`ei?iid ,N 8e`c ?ir`di s`pitu       

L. ^I\"HM_M" "HM_M"E"$ E"$MM His0mi peidtirms peidtirms b`rupi? b`rupi?id id :irmdg :irmdgid id ?8eig` ?8eig`d d s`p`rt s`p`rtmm t`d>8d t`d>8d ;idg ;idg t`re`t t`re`ti? i? >m s`pid:idg tudg?im sibpim t`eipi? ?i?m. Lieib ?`i>iid d8rbie3 his0mi peidtirms k`?`r:i peidtirms k`?`r:i s`p`rtm scaofiksarkmdg s`p`rtm  scaofiksarkmdg kawstrmdg ;imtu b`d;idggi e`dg?udg >ieib ?i?m. I?id t`tipm3  :m?i t`gidgid pi>i s`rikut6s`rikut t`rs`kut t`reieu k`sir3 bi?i >ipit t`r:i>m r8k`?id ?`0me >m s`rikut6s`rikut t`rs`kut4. ^i>i siit mdheibism >m his0mi peidtirms i?id b`d;`kik?id d;`rm ?`tm?i b`ei?u?id i?tm7mtis3 s`p`rtm k`r:ieid3 k`reirm3 >id k`r>mrm >ieib 9i?tu ;idg eibi. 'm?i >mkmir?id t`r:i> t`r:i>mm mdheib mdheibism ism >ieib >ieib 9i?tu 9i?tu ;idg eibi eibi bi?i bi?i i?id b`dmbk b`dmbkue?i ue?id d ikd8rb ikd8rbie ie pi>i oras orassem semdf df ;idg ;idg i?id b`dgi?m b`dgi?mkit kit?id ?id p`durud p`durudid id he`?sm he`?smkme kmemti mtiss pi>i idfe idfe`` >id ?i>idg6 ?i>idg6 ?i>idg :ugi b`dgi?mkit?id t`rk`dtu?d;i 8st`8shmt pi>i 0ie0id`us kigmid 0ie0id`us kigmid b`>mie4.

_`0ir _`0irii i?tu i?tuie ie pit8 pit8hm hmsm sm8e 8e8g 8gmm >irm >irm peidt peidtir ir his0 his0mt mtms ms  k`ri9ie >irm str`ss ;idg b`d; b`d;`k `kik ik?i ?id d

p`dg p`dgue ueur urid id

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his0 his0mi mi peid peidti tirm rms. s. Hi?t Hi?t8r 8r ;idg ;idg

b`d;`kik?idd;i ;imtu ?uridgd;i he`?smkmemtis >irm peidtir his0mi >id tmgctd`ss 8t8t68t8t  gistraod`bmus itiu sae`us itiu sae`us.. E`bicid >irm 8t8t68t8t mdtrmdsm? ?i?m >id ;idg utibi ;imtu b.tmkm b.tmkmiem iemss past`r past`rmar mar  pi>i idfe idfe`, `,  p`dibkicid k`rit ki>id itiu i?tm7mtis ;idg k`rit3 ?`?uridgid pr8prm8s`psm itiu i>id;i >`h8rbmtis >irm stru?tur ?i?m3 s`p`rtmi pi>i his0 his0mi mi33 s`cm s`cmdg dggi gi t`r: t`r:i> i>mm ?`r8k`?id >id tmbkue mrmtism pi>i his0mi peidtirms4.  D;`rm pi>i peidtir his0mtms b`rupi?id :`dms d;`rm mdheibism ?ir`di peidtir his0mtms b`rupi?id pr8s`s mdheibism i?mkit i>id;i str`ss b`?idm?. I>id;i p`d`?idid >id gi;i r`gidg ;idg ?8dstid >id k`rueidg b`d;`kik?id his0mi b`dgieibm mrmtism pi>i t`d>8d  p`rm8st`ie itiu ?`r8k`?id pi>i t`bpit p`re`?itidd;i s`cmdggi tmbkue mdheibism. Mdheibism >ipit >m?iti?id s`kigim p`d;`kik utibi >irm d;`rm pi>i peidtir his0mtms4. ^r8s`s mdheibism b`d;`kik?id :irmdgid >m s`?mtir e`sm b`bpr8>u?sm b`>mit8r  mdheibism mdheibism ;idg >ipit b`d;`kik?id i?tm7ism d8sms`pt8r s`cmdggi b`ridgsidg b`ridgsidg s`rikut s`rikut sirih ih`r`d k`r  ih`r`d k`r by`emd tmpms by`emd tmpms 5s`rikut sirih I >`eti >id tmp` O2. Mbpues t`rs`kut >mki9i ?`  gidgemi i?ir i?ir sir sirih ih larsiems >id >id b`ri b`ridg dgsi sidg dg pr8>u? pr8>u?sm sm \K  sukstido` ;idg ;idg b`bm0u b`bm0u t`r:i>md;i t`r:i>md;i r`i?sm ri>idg. (`bu>mid mbpues t`rs`kut t`rs`kut >mki9i ?` oardu larsiems b`luei  spmdiems >id  spmdiems >id >m?mrmb ?` e`7`e __^ ;idg e`kmc tmdggm b`eieum triftus spmdatcieibmous. spmdatcieibmous. ^i>i e`7`e __^ ;idg e`kmc tmdggm 5oart`fs 5oart`fs s`dsarmf, cmpatcieibus ! embkmo syst`b2 syst`b2 mbpues t`rs`k t`rs`kut ut b`dgie b`dgieibm ibm pr8s`s pr8s`s mdt`ri mdt`ri?sm ?sm ;idg ;idg ?`bu>m ?`bu>mid id b`dgcis b`dgcisme? me?id id suitu suitu p`risi p`risiid id suk;`?tmh ;idg >m?`die >`dgid p`rs`psm d;`rm4. #`?idmsb` p`durudid ?`bibpuid hudgsm8die pi>i peidtir his0mtms<

^eidtir his0mtms i>ieic d;`rm ;idg >mtid>im pi>i kigmid 0ie0id`us ;idg >mtid>im >`dgid mdheibism itiu ri>idg pi>i p`re`?itid ippad`urasms peidtirms ippad`urasms peidtirms kigmid ki9ic >irm tuk`r8smtis 0ie0id`us i?mkit p`dgueurid ;idg k`re`kmc >id t`rus b`d`rus pi>i his0mi  peidtirms4. 'm?i >mkmir?id >mkmir?id mdheibism mdheibism pi>i ippad`urasms peidtirms ippad`urasms peidtirms t`rs`kut i?id b`dmbkue?id ikd8r ikd8rbi biee orassemdf   ;idg b`dmbku b`dmbkue?i e?id d ilc`smad  ilc`smad  pi> pi>i mdt`rhmk`r   s`cmdggi k`r>ibpi?  t`rci>ip t`rci>ip p`durudid p`durudid he`?smkme he`?smkmemtis mtis pi>i his0mi his0mi peidtirms. peidtirms. "usoe`  "usoe` mbkieido` b`d;`kik?id 8t8t b`d:i>m tm>i? s`mbkidgid >ieib b`bp`rticid?id ?`stikmeid >id hudgsm8die idfe` siit b`ei?u?id b`ei?u?id i?tm7mtis >`dgid ?i?m. _`cmdggi 8t8t l``p past`rmar  tmkmi   tmkmi i?id k`?`r:i e`kmc e`kmc k`rit siit idfe` b`bisu b`bisu?m ?m his` bml stido` ?` ta` ahh  ?`tm?i   ?`tm?i k`:ieid >id k`reirm. _`cmdggi 8t8t i?id 0`pit e`eic >id k`kid ?8dtri?sm k`re`kmc s`0iri t`rus b`d`rus4. [isi d;`rm pi>i b`>mie 0ie0id`us 0ie0id`us i?mkit peidtir peidtir his0mtms his0mtms siit k`ri?tm7mtis i?id b`d;`kik b`d;`kik?id ?id pism`d pism`d b`bkiti b`bkitism sm g`ri?i? g`ri?i?dd; dd;ii s`cmdg s`cmdggi gi pism`d pism`d b`d:i>m b`d:i>m cmpabakme`. cmpabakme`. I?mkit b`bkitism g`ri?id idfe` siit idfe` siit k`ri?tm7mtis b`bkuit pism`d b`dgieibm ?`suemtid siit i?id b`bisu?m his` bml stido` siit stido` siit k`r:ieid4. ^`dmd ^`dmdg? g?it itid id it it mrmt mrmtid id i?mkit i?mkit d;`rm d;`rm ;idg ;idg tmbk tmbkue ue :ugi :ugi i?id i?id b`d; b`d;`ki `kik? k?id id ?8d>u?tmhmt ?8d>u?tmhmtis is sirih b`durud s`cmdggi ?88r>mdism ?88r>mdism mdt`rbusoueir   pi>i 8t8t b`dgieibm  p`durudid3 i?mkitd;i g`ri?id b`d:i>m tm>i? `hmsm`d ` hmsm`d >id `h`?tmh ;idg k`r>ibpi? k`r>i bpi? t`rci>ip ?`s`mbkidgid ?`s`mbkidgid siit k`r:ieid >id hudgsm8die hudgsm8die idfe`  idfe`  b`durud. _`cmdggi _`cmdggi b`d:i>m idtiegmo  gimt 4. @. $@'I $@'IEI EI (EMD (EMDMM(  $`:ie $`:ieii peid peidti tirr his0 his0mt mtms ms k`r?`b k`r?`bki kidg dg p`ei p`eid6 d6p`e p`eid id >id >id s`bi s`bi?m ?md d si?m si?mtt >iei >ieib b s`bmdggu sibpim % ticud. [isi si?mt s`bi?md k`rit >id t`rh8?us >m ki9ic tubmt. ^ism`d s`rmdg s`rmdg b`dg`euc?id b`dg`euc?id risi si?mt ;idg sidgit k`rit >m ki9ic tubmt t`rutibi t`rutibi ?`tm?i k`r>mrm k`r>mrm

siit kidgud tm>ur pigm cirm itiu b`d08ki k`r>mrm s`t`eic mstmricit. [isi si?mt s`su>ic mstmricit sidgit ti:ib >id k`r?uridg s`t`eic &6 b`dmt 5*&N2. [isi si?mt t`risi pi>i tuk`roueub 0ie0id`us tuk`roueub 0ie0id`us b`>miems itiu >m tubmt. [isi si?mt kmsi p`reicid6eicid tidpi rm9i;it triubi i?ut. [isi si?mtd;i >ipit >mpm0u siit k`r>mrm eibi3 k`r:ieid eibi3 >mt`?id >`dgid  :irm >id cie eimdd;i ;idg b`dibkic ?8dtri?sm his0mi peidtirms,. ^ism`d b`dgiti?id risi si?mt ;idg s`bi?md k`rit s`mrmdg k`r:ieidd;i cirm. [isi si?mt tubpue >id kmisid;i k`ri>i >m ki9ic tubmt. _`cmdggi >irm ?`kid;i?id ?isus  peidtir his0mtms3 ?`eucid ;idg piemdg s`rmdg >mieibm i>ieic risi si?mt ;idg b`dmdg?it >`dgid >ristms pi>i ir`i his0mi peidtirms. -bubd;i t`r:i>m pi>i 9i?tu pigm cirm siit  p`d>`rmti k`r:ieid k`k`ripi eidg?ic i9ie. I>i k`k`ripi ?8d>msm ;idg >ipit b`d;`kik?id b`d;`kik?id cie mdm3 tipm peidtir peidtir his0mtms his0mtms b`rupi?id ?8d>msm ;idg piemdg s`rmdg. s`rmdg. ^ism`d ^ism`d b`dgiti?id kic9i risi si?mt t`r:i>m s`pid:idg cirm itiu siit k`r:ieid itiu k`r>mrm. [isi si?mt :ugi t`r:i>m kmei t`eipi? ?i?m >mt`?id >`dgid :irm tidgid,3&. H. LMI$D"_M_ _M_ Lmigd8sms peidtir his0mtms >ipit >mt`gi??id >irm idibd`sms3 p`b`rm?siid hmsm? >id  p`b`rm?siid

p`dud:idg.

^iepism

pi>i

tuk`roueub

0ie0 0ie0id id`us `us

b`>m b`>mie ie

kmis kmisid; id;ii

b`dmbkue?id risi si?mt. [isi si?mt kmisid;i k`ri>i pi>i mds`rsm s`rikut his0mi peidtirms 0`dtriems3 >`dgid risi si?mt ;idg tm>i? :`eis siit p`d`?idid 0ie0id`us >irm b`>mie ?` eit`rie. eit`rie. H8t8 ra`dtg`d pr8;`?sm ra`dtg`d pr8;`?sm eit`rie >id idt`r8p8st`rm8r b`dggibkir?id ?i?m kigmid  k`ei?idg >id >`pid3 :ugi b`dggibkir?id ?`eimdid tueidg s`p`rtm hri?tur3 tub8r itiu 8st`8hmt >m 0ie0id`us. [i>m8grihm >mtud:u??id udtu? b`dud :idg >migd8sms ?emdm? ,. \`s \`s ;idg >ipit >mei?u?id udtu? ud tu? b`d>u?udg >migd8sms< . ^`dggudiid #ip`. #ip`. 'm?i p`dggudiid tip` s`0iri tip` s`0iri eidgsudg b`dguridgm risi si?mt3 b`dud:u??id ku?tm kic9i t`?idid pi>i his0mi i>ieic p`d;`kik >irm risi si?mt. %. ^`bi ^`bi?i ?imi mid d kidt kidtie ieid id ?`rti ?`rtiss s`t` s`t`ki kiee  mdocm  mdocm  pi>i tubmt 5itiu b`d`gidg?id 8t8t  k`tms2 >ipit b`dgcmeidg?id risi si?mt3 cie mdm b`dud:u??id ?uridgd;i

he`?sm he`?smkme kmemti mtiss pi>i 8t8t 8t8t k`tms k`tms s`kigi s`kigimm p`d;`kik p`d;`kik t`?idi t`?idid d ;idg ?uitpi>i ?uitpi>i his0mi his0mi  peidtirms. 4. ^`bi?imid ^`bi?imid kidtieid kidtieid eudi? eudi? kmsi b`dgurid b`dguridgu gu si?mt3 si?mt3 >migd8sms >migd8sms bismc bismc kmsi kmsi b`dgiric b`dgiric ?` peidtir his0mtms3 his0mtms3 dibud p`d;`kikd;i kmsi :ugi k`rupi t`?idid t`?idid  hriotur`   hriotur`  itiu  :irmdgid c``p pil itrapcy ;idg itrapcy ;idg ?uridg b`d8pidg. ,. Eidg? Eidg?ic ic k`rm k`rm?u ?utt kmsi kmsi b`dg b`dgur urid idgm gm risi risi si?m si?mtt >id b`bp b`bp`r `r?ui ?uitt iric iric >mig >migd8s d8sms ms  kic9i t`?idid pi>i his0mi peidtirms i>ieic p`d;`kik utibi risi si?mt. ^`b`rm?siid p`dud:idg eimd ;idg >ipit >mgudi?id udtu? b`d`tip?id >migd8sms  peidtir his0mtms i>ieic pi>i  soiddmdg  tueidg   tueidg b`dud:u??id p`r`>irid >iric ;idg tmdggm  pi>i his0mi ;idg b`dgiric ?` tubmt3 t`rutibi :m?i risi si?mt b`bkuru?. 'm?i  soiddmdg  tueidg p8smtmh3 p8smtmh3 cie mdm b`did>i?id str`s b`did>i?id str`sss hriotur`3 hriotur`3 mdh`?sm itiu i>id;i p`reu?iid 8p`rism. 'm?i soiddmdg  'm?i soiddmdg  tueidg   tueidg d`gitmh3 cie mdm budg?md b`dud:u??id t`reu?id;i sirih itiu i>id;i  peidtir his0mtms. ^`b`rm?siid eik8rit8rmub :ugi >ipit >mgudi?id udtu? b`d0irm ?`budg?mdid irtcrmtms3 tipm tm>i? >ipit >mgudi?id s`kigim ?8dhmrbism peidtir his0mtms. ^i>i p`b`rm?siid #[M >mt`bu?id p`d`kieid his0mi3 s`cmdggi p`b`rm?siid >`dgid #[M b`d:i>m stid>ir udtu? b`dg`ticum i>id;i hri?tur3 ruptur his0mi peidtirms itiu mdh`?sm. $etrisaudl  >ipit   >ipit >mgudi?id s`kigim ieit >migd8sms udtu? b`emcit ?`t`kieid his0mi. ^i>i  p`b`rm?siid >mt`bu?id his0mi ;idg b`d`kie % ?iem empit,. $. LMI$ LMI$D" D"_M _M_ _ !IDLMD !IDLMD$ $ ^`d;` ^`d;`ki kik k eimd eimd risi risi si?m si?mtt pi>i pi>i tubm tubmtt i>ie i>ieic ic  somitmoi3  somitmoi3 tirsie tirsie tudd`e sydlrab` sydlrab`33 `dtrip `dtripb`d b`dtt ah tc` eit`ri eit`riee peidti peidtirr d`rv` d`rv`33 ruptur` ruptur` ah peidtir peidtir hisomi hisomi3 oieoid`ie oieoid`ie str`ss str`ss  hriotur` >id  hriotur` >id ipapcysmtms oieoid`ie  5%`v`r&s  5%`v`r&s lms`is`2 lms`is`2,3=. . \irsie rsie tud tudd`e d`e s;d>r s;d>r8b 8b`` \irsie \irsie tudd`e s;d>r8b` >ms`kik?id ?8bpr`sm d`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r ;idg  k`risie >irm biee`8eus b`>mie kigmid p8st`rm8r b`e`9itm idt`r8b`>mie b`du:u 0ie0id`us. 0ie0id`us. Oidie stru?tur hmkr868ss`8us hmkr868ss`8us t`r>mrm >irm he`8r r`tmdi0ueub r`tmdi0ueub bi>mie3  kigmid p8st`rm8r tieus >id 0ie0id`us eit`riems3 >id biee`8eus idt`rm8r b`>mie.

\`d>8d tmkmiems p8st`rm8r3 he`8r >mgmt8rub e8dgus >id bus0ueus he`8r cieeu0ms e8dgus3 e8dgus3 d`r7us tmkmiems tmkmiems p8st`rm8r3 p8st`rm8r3 k`s`rti irt`rm >id 7`di bisu? ?` >ieib r8dggi t`rs`kut3 ?8bpr`sm d`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r >ipit b`dmbkue?id risi t`rki?ir ,. (8d>msm mdm >ipit >ms`kik?id ?8bpr`sm ?8 bpr`sm d`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r 8e`c bissi  :irmdgid eudi?3 0ieeus >irm hri?tur biee`8eus b`>mie3 mdheibism t`d>8d ;idg b`e`9itm 0idie tirsie >`dgid pr8dism k`re`kmcid i?id b`d;`kik?id t`?idid pi>i t`d>8d tmkmiems p8st`rm8r >id d`r7us ;idg k`rsidg?utid. [isi si?mt s`rmdg k`rupi risi kiie s`?mtir peidtir >id kigmid b`>mie tubmt. \irsie tudd`e s;d>r8b` :ugi >ms` >ms`ku kutt  past`rmar tmkmie d`rv` d`uriegmi. d`uriegmi. [isi [isi si?mt si?mt tm>i? tm>i? k`r?ur k`r?uridg idg >`dgid >`dgid mstmricit3 :ugi >mrisi?id kiie pi>i :irm6:irm ?i?m. D`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r k`rp`rid >ieib b`bp`rsirihm s`ds8rms3 >id pism`d kmisid;i ?`suemtid >ieib b`dud:u??id e8?ism sp`smhm? kigmid ;idg si?mt pi>i tubmt. !`rk`>i >mkid>mdg?id pism`d >`dgid risi risi si?mt si?mt pi>i peidtir peidtir his0mtm his0mtms3 s3 pi>i pi>i tirsie tirsie tudd`e tudd`e s;d>r8 s;d>r8b` b` risi risi si?mt si?mt ;idg ;idg s`bi?md k`rit siit k`r>mrm >id k`r:ieid s`t`eic mstmricit3 >ieib 9i?tu ;idg eibi >id tm>i tm>i? ? b`dud b`dud:u :u? ? s`0i s`0iri ri sp`s sp`smh mhm? m? risi risi si?m si?mtt pi>i pi>i mds`rsma s`rikut s`rikut his0mi  peidtirms b`>miems,. ^`b`rm?siid hmsm? s`p`rtm piepism d`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r >irm pr8?smbie ?` kigmid >mstie biee`8eus b`>mie b`e`9itm kigmid idt`rm8r 0ie0id`us. ^ism`d b`dgiti?id risi tm>i? d;ibid s`p`rtm t`rki?ir ;idg b`d:ieir >irm pr8?smbie k`tms 5iee` smgd2 smgd2 itiu >mstie :irm6:irm ?i?m 5#md`&s 5 #md`&s smgd2. smgd2. ^`b`rm?siid t`rci>ip stru?tur  t`eipi? ?i?m ;idg >ipit b`d;`kik?id gidgguid km8b`?idm?. $i;i k`r:ieid ;idg ikd8rbie ikd8rbie >ipit b`d;`kik?id b`d;`kik?id t`?idid;idg k`sir pi>i msm >irm t`r898dgid tirsie  p8st`rm8r3 s`cmdggi t`r:i>m mrmtism d`r7us tmkmiems p8st`rm8r. ^`b`rm?siid ?`0`pitid cidti cidtiri rid d siri sirihh >id >id t`st `e`otrabyagripcmo >ipit b`d>u?udg >migd8sms tirsie

tudd`e s;d>r8b`. \`ripm ?8ds`r7itmh s`p`rtm b`dguridgm k`r:ieid3 D_IML3 t`ripm  p`r`gidgid >id p`dggudiid artcatmo >ipit artcatmo >ipit b`dguridgm g`:iei. ^ism`d ;idg tm>i?  i>i r`sp r`sp8d 8d t`rc t`rci> i>ip ip t`ri t`ripm pm ?8ds` ?8ds`r7 r7it itmh mh >ipit >ipit >mei >mei?u? ?u?id id tmd> tmd>i? i?id id 8p`r 8p`ris ismm >`?8bpr`sm 0idie tirsie,. %. @dtripb @dtripb`dt `dt 8h 8h tc` tc` e`t`ri e`t`riee peidti peidtirr d`r7` d`r7` \`r:`pmtd;i 0ikidg p`rtibi d`r7us peidtir eit`riems3 ;idg b`bp`rsirihm busoueuo ikluotar lmgmtm3 lmgmtm3 b`d;`kik?id risi si?mt pi>i peidtir tubmt b`>mie. E8?ism E8?ism t`r:`p t`r:`pmtd mtd;i ;i sirih sirih k`ri>i k`ri>i idtiri idtiri busoueus busoueus ikluotar ikluotar cieeuoms cieeuoms33 busoueus  peidtirms ouilritus3 ouilritus3 b`dmbk b`dmbkue? ue?id id s`dsis s`dsismm t`rki?i t`rki?irr pi>i pi>i peidti peidtirr tubmt tubmt ;idg ;idg tmbk tmbkue ue siit siit i?tmh i?tmhmt mtis is >id >id t`ti t`tip p siit siit mstm mstmri ricit cit.. ^iepi ^iepism sm pi>i pi>i ir`i ir`i mdm mdm >ipi >ipitt b`dmbku b`dmbkue?i e?id d risi risi si?mt si?mt >`dgid >`dgid s`dsis s`dsismm kiie. kiie. ^`dg8ki ^`dg8kitid tid ?8ds`r ?8ds`r7it 7itmh mh udtu?  udtu?   peidtir his0mtms sidgit `h`?tmh udtu? b`dgitism ?8d>msm s`p`rtm s`p`rtm mdm,3=. 4. [uptu [upturr his0 his0mi mi peidt peidtir irms ms [upt [uptur ur his0 his0mi mi peid peidti tirm rmss b`ru b`rupi pi?i ?id d p`d; p`d;`k `kik ik ;idg ;idg

:iri :iridg dg

;idg idg

b`dmbkue?id risi si?mt pi>i peidtir. [isi si?mt ;idg k`rit pi>i ir?us b`>mie ?ir`di triubi hmsm?. !`k`ripi pism`d p ism`d sieic >m>migd8sms s`kigim peidtir his0mtms >id tm>ib su?s`s >mt`ripm >ieib k`k`ripi kueid >`dgid md:`?sm st`raml  md:`?sm st`raml . ^`b`rm?siid hmsm? >`dgid piepism >m>ipit?id k`r?uridgd;i his0mi peidtirms itiu k`r?uridgd;i ir`i kigmid >mstie his0mi. [isi si?mt ;idg k`rit siit piepism his0mi peidtirms t`risi sidgit smgdmhm? smgdmhm?id id pi>i >mstie  prao`ssus b`>mie  prao`ssus b`>mie >irm tuk`r8smtis 0ie0id`us. Oiri  :ieid ;idg pmd0idg ;idg b`dud:u??id `?str`bmtis ;idg t`r?`di. ^`didgidid  k`rupi mb8kmemsism >`dgid tm>i? k8e`c b`dubpu k`rit pi>i tudg?im ki9ic >id  D_IML. Mb8kmemsism s`eibi , sibpim = bmdggu,3=. ,. _tr` _tr`ss ss hri hri?t ?tur ur 0ie 0ie0i 0id`u d`uss [isi si?mt pi>i tubmt ;idg i?ut ?ir`di str`ss hri?tur 0ie0id`us cibpmr  sibi sibi s`p`rt s`p`rtmm peidti peidtirr his0mt his0mtms. ms. [isi [isi si?mt si?mt ;idg tmki6t tmki6tmki mki bud0ue bud0ue pi>i pi>i i?tmhm i?tmhmtis tis

s`cirm6cirm. [isi si?mt siit ?8bpr`sm 0ie0id`us e`t`rie >id b`>mie. [isi si?mt hri?tur >mbueim >irm i9ie i?tmhmtis >id s`eibi i?tmhmtis. [isi si?mt s`p`rtm mtu  :iridg i>i pi>i pism`d peidtir his0mtms. ^`dg8kitid ?8ds`r7itmh s`p`rtm `>u?ism  pism`d udtu? b`bkitism i?tmhmtis ?ir`di i?id b`bp`rkuru? pisi si?mt. ^ism`d >msi >msiri rid?i d?id d b`dg b`dggud gudi? i?id id s`pi s`pitu tu itce`tmo 5udtu? 5udtu? b`dgur b`dguridg idgmm t`?idid t`?idid pi>i pi>i tubmt2,3=. &. Oie0 Oie0id` id`us us ip8p ip8pc; c;sm smtm tmss Oie0id`ie ip8pc;smtms 55%`v`r&s %`v`r&s lms`is`2 lms`is`2 kmisid;i t`r>ipit pi>i idi? ei?m6 ei?m usmi =6 ticud3 t`rutibi ;idg 8k`smtis 8k`smtis >id b`ei?u?id b`ei?u?id i?tmhmtis k`rit. [isi si?mt si?mt k`ri>i k`ri>i pi>i pi>i kigmid kigmid p8st`r p8st`rm8r m8r 0ie0id` 0ie0id`us us >id risi risi si?mt si?mt k`rtib k`rtibkic kic k`rit k`rit s`t`eic s`t`eic i?tmhmtis i?tmhmtis 8eicrigi. 8eicrigi. ^iepism ^iepism pi>i p8st`rm8r p8st`rm8r 0ie0id`us 0ie0id`us s`?`ememdg s`?`ememdg mds`rsma t`dlad ocmee`s kmisid;i kmisid;i b`dmbkue?id risi si?mt e8?ie. \`d>8d \`d>8d ocmee`s  ocmee`s   t`gidg >`dgid ?`bibpuid >8rs8he`?sm ;idg t`rkitis3 ;idg b`d;`kik?id pism`d k`r:ieid >`dgid k`rtubpu pi>i :irm6:irm ?i?m udtu? b`dguridgm risi si?mt. ^`didgidid  k`rupi pm:it >`dgid `s >id D_IML3 >mm?utm >`dgid eitmcid p`r`gidgid udtu?  b`d0 b`d0ip ipim im ?`bi ?`bibp bpui uid d >8rs >8rs8h 8he` e`?s ?smm bi?s bi?smb mbie ie.. Mb8k Mb8kme mems msis ismm >`dg >`dgid id artcatmo >mgudi?id pi>i pism`d i?tmh >id tm>i? pituc t`rc>ip p`dg8kitid,3=. =. _0mitm0i [isi si?mt pi>i tubmt k`risie >irm s0mitm0i ?ir`di t`?idid pi>i d`r7us E&6 _3 ;idg b`bp`rsirihm tudg?im ki9ic kigmid p8st`rm8r3 geut`ie3 ?i?m6?i?m kigmid idt`rm8 idt`rm8r3 r3 p8st`r p8st`rm8r m8r33 >id eit`ri eit`riee s`rti s`rti tubmt. tubmt. D`r7us D`r7us mdm k`rp`ri k`rp`rid d >ieib >ieib idfe`  pit`eeir r`he`  r`he`  5I^[2. [isi si?mt ti:ib ;idg b`d:ieir >irm ki9ic pidtit >id  p8st`rm8r tudg?im ki9ic >id >mstie tubmt,3=. ). ^`d; ^`d;i? i?mt mt sms smst` t`bm bm?  ?  [isi si?mt pi>i s`d>m >ipit t`r:i>m pi>i k`rkigim bi0ib ?8d>msm mdheibism smst`bm?3 s`p`rtm rc`ubit8m> irtcrmtms3 id?;e8smdg sp8d>;emtms3 ps8rmitm0 irtcrmtms3

[`mt`r [`mt`rss s;d>r8b s;d>r8b`3 `3 g8ut3 g8ut3 >id s;st` s;st`bm0 bm0 eupus eupus `r;tc`b `r;tc`bit8 it8sus sus.. $8d8rr $8d8rrc`i c`i >id tuk`r0ue8sms :ugi >ipit b`d;`kik?id risi si?mt pi>i tubmt3 9ieiu :iridg t`r:i>m. _`kigmid kisir pism`d >`dgid p`d;i?mt smst`bm? >ms`rtim si?mt s`d>m >id mdheibism  pi>i kigmid eimd3 tipm g`:iei kmisid;i kmisid ;i i9ied;i k`risie >irm tubmt. Idibd`sms >id  p`b`rm?siid hmsm? >ipit b`d;mbpue?id suitu p`d;i?mt irtcrmtms. O8dt8cd;i3 s`8ridg ei?m6ei?m bu>i ;idg b`dgiti?id risi si?mt tubmt kmeit`rie >id b`bpud;im rm9i;i ?8d:udgtm7mtms itiu ur`tcrmtms e`kmc >irm  kueid3 b`dggibkir?id [`mt`rs >ms`is`,3=. [isi si?mt tubmt pi>i pism`d >`dgid rm9i;it ps8rmisms >id risi si?mt ;idg ismb`trms pi>i s`d>m mdt`rhieidg >mstie pi>i :irm tidgid >id ?i?m3 b`dud:u??id ?`budg?mdid ps8rmitm0 irtcrmtms. 'm?i risi si?mt k`risie >irm smst`bm?3 p`dg8kitid i9ie cirus >mtu:u?id udtu? p`d;i?mt prmb`rd;i,. C. ^@DI ^@DI\IEI(_ID EI(_IDIID IID ^`didgidid peidtir his0mtms >mkigm >ui3 ;imtu ?8ds`r7itmh >id 8p`ritmh. _`k`eub >mputu >mputus?i s?id d b`ei?u? b`ei?u?id id tmd>i?i tmd>i?id d 8p`ris 8p`rismm s`kim? s`kim?d;i d;i >mei?u? >mei?u?id id tmd>i?i tmd>i?id d ?8ds`r ?8ds`r7it 7itmh  mh  t`re`kmc >icueu. Cibpmr s`kigimd k`sir3 risi si?mt pi>i peidtir his0mtms >ipit >mcmeidg?id >`dgid p`dg8kitid p`dg8kitid ?8ds`r7itm7 ?8ds`r7itm7.. _`kigmid _`kigmid eigm b`b`reu?id b`b`reu?id tmd>i?id tmd>i?id 8p`ritmh. 8p`ritmh. ieiu ieiu tm>i? s`bui risi si?mt >ipit cmeidg pi>i p`dg8kitid ?8dsmr7itmh ,. . (8ds (8ds`r `r7i 7ittmh  ^`dg8kitid ^`dg8kitid ?8ds`r7itmh ?8ds`r7itmh peidtir his0mtms his0mtms >mtu:u?id >mtu:u?id udtu? b`dgitism ?8bp8d`d mdhe mdheib ibis ismm ;idg ;idg b`d; b`d;`ki `kik?i k?id d ?`tm ?`tm>i >i?d; ?d;ib ibidi idid d >id >id hi?t hi?t8r 8r km8b km8b`?i `?idm dm? ? ;idg ;idg b`d;`kik b`d;`kik?id ?id gidggui gidgguid. d. @>u?is @>u?ismm pism`d pism`d sidgit sidgit p`dtmd p`dtmdg. g. ^ism`d ^ism`d cirus cirus b`dg`r b`dg`rtm tm  p`d;`kik >irm risi si?mt t`rbisu? hi?t8r km8b`?idm? &. Eidg?ic6eidg?ic p`didgidid ?8ds`r7itmh >ipit >m?it`g8rm?id s`kigim k`rm?ut&3*< \`?dm? \`?dm? p`dggudiid tipmdg3 ^`dggudiid s`pitu itce`tmo3 itce`tmo3 %tr`tocmdg  5p`r`gidgid2  5p`r`gidgid2 >id %trimgtc`dmdg  5p`eurusid2  5p`eurusid2 ^`dud:idg iroc 5k`dtu? iroc 5k`dtu? ?i?m2 >id 8rtc8tm0s  Dmgct %pemdts     

 dtm*dheibbitary g`dts  *adtapcar`sms Oartmoast`raml Oartmoast`raml *d+`otmads %. "p`ritmh  \`ripm ?8ds`r7itmh ;idg t`eic >m:`eis?id cirus >mei?u?id s`eibi k`k`ripi kueid      

s`k`eub >mei?u?id 8p`rism. "p`rism >mmd>m?ism?id pi>i pism`d ;idg gigie >`dgid  p`dg8kitid ?8ds`r7itmh >id pism`d ;idg bismc b`risi?id si?mt s`t`eic t`ripm. ^i>i 8p`rism 8p`rism >ipit >mei?u?id >mei?u?id peidtir peidtir his0m8t8bm his0m8t8bm tidpi `8st`0t8bm `8st`0t8bm mdh`rm8r 0ie0id`us. @d>8s?8pm peidtir his0m8t8bm ?uridg triubitm? >irmpi>i 8p`rism t`rku?i,. "p`rism kmisid;i tm>i? >mp`reu?id udtu? peidtir his0mtms. [isi si?mt pi>i s`kigmid  k`sir pism`d 5+&N2 >`dgid peidtir his0mtms >ipit >ipi t s`bkuc >`dgid t`ripm d8d 8p`rism. "p`rism >mp`rtmbkidg?id s`t`eic t`ripm d8d k`>ic s`eibi = kueid tipm tm>i? b`bkim?  >id risi si?mt ;idg b`bkitism i?tmhmtis s`cirm6cirm. "p`rism b`emputm p`b8t8dgid 5p`e`pisid2 kigmid his0mi peidtir emgib`dt udtu? b`dguridgm t`?idid >id b`r`>i?id mdheib mdheibism ism.. )6*N )6*N risi risi si?mt si?mt pi>i pism`d pism`d peidti peidtirr his0mt his0mtms ms >ipit >ipit >mitis >mitismm >`dgid >`dgid tmd>i?id 8p`rism,. @d>8 @d>8s0 s08p 8pm0 m0 peid peidti tirr his0 his0m8 m8t8 t8b; b; i>ie i>ieic ic t`?d t`?dm? m?  surg`ry ;idg ;idg b`guti b`gutibi? bi?id id ?`t`pitid tmdggm3 tipm tm>i? suemt >mei?u?id ipikmei s`bui pirib`t`r >mm?utm >`dgid  k`dir. E8?ie E8?i e idist`sm >mp`reu?id ?ir`di pr8s`s 8p`rism cid;i smdg?it si:i 5?mri6?mri b`bi?id b`bi?id 9i?tu 9i?tu 6& 6& b`dmt2 b`dmt2.. C`bit8 C`bit8sms sms s`0iri s`0iri ?8bpem ?8bpemtt >mp`re >mp`reu?id u?id s`k`eu s`k`eub b  pr8s`>ur >mei?u?id3 cie mdm >ipit >mp`r8e`c >`dgid b`dggudi?id sbirof b`dggudi?id sbirof kidlig` kid lig` >id idfe` taurdm-u`t . ^`d`bpitid oiddueir  s`0iri  s`0iri k`dir i>ieic mdtm >irm pr8s`>ur mdm3 >mtid>i >mtid>imm >`dgid >`dgid 6%bb 6%bb >mstie >mstie33 itiu itiu idt`rm idt`rm8r 8r >id mdh`rm mdh`rm8r 8r oieoid`ie `atasms3 `atasms3 itiu b`>mi b`>miee oieoid`ie tuk`roe`  tuk`roe`  kmei tm>i? i>i risi si?mt. ^`d`bpitid mdm >ipit >mu?ur  >`dgid % iric. Lirm p8st`rm8r ?` idt`r8mr3 >id >irm mdh`rm8r ?` sup`rm8r >irm u:udg ?uemt ;idg k`rsidg?utid,. (8bpem?ism 8p`rism pi>i peidtir his0mtms<

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\`re`pisd;i \`re`pisd;i his0mi peidtirms ;idg k`sir  ^i>i 8p`rism >me`pis?id 46&N his0mi peidtirms. E`pisd;i his0mi peidtirms ;idg ;idg k`re`k k`re`kmc mc s`eibi s`eibi 8p`ris 8p`rismm b`d;`kik b`d;`kik?id ?id k`dtu? k`dtu? t`eipi t`eipi? ? ?i?m ?i?m >itir  >itir 

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?ir`di ?`cmeidgid e`dg?udg t`eipi? ?i?m,. \`reu?i \`reu?i d`r7us ?i?m \`r>ipit sirih6sirih ?`0me s`pid:idg his0mi peidtirms. _irih6sirih mdm 9ieiu >memd>udgm3 i?id rusi? s`eibi 8p`rism >ieib b`e`pis?id his0mi peidtirms. _`kigmid ?`0me pism`d i?id b`dg`euc si?mt itiu kiie pi>i e8?ism t`rs`kut

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s`t`eic 8p`rism peidtir his0mtms,. Mdh`?sm Mdh`?s Mdh`?smm b`rupi b`rupi?id ?id ?8bpem ?8bpem?is ?ismm ;idg ;idg budg?m budg?md d t`r:i> t`r:i>mm s`t`eic s`t`eic 8p`ris 8p`rism. m. _`cmdg _`cmdggi gi >mp`re >mp`reu?i u?id d 8p`ris 8p`rismm ;idg ;idg kim? kim? >id >mk`rm >mk`rm?id ?id idtmkm idtmkm8tm 8tm? ? ;idg ;idg

i>`?uit udtu? b`d0`gic t`r:i>md;i mdh`?sm,. -dtu? pism`d6pism` pism`d6pism`d d  pastap`ritmv` cirus  pastap`ritmv` cirus k`rmstmricit itiu b`dguridgm i?tm7mtis hmsm? hmsm? s`eibi s`eibi =6* bmdggu bmdggu udtu? udtu? b`bp`r b`bp`rk8e k8e`c?i `c?id d his0mi his0mi b`e`9i b`e`9itm tm pr8s`s pr8s`s r`  hmkras`.  hmkras`.

Lieib b`bkuit ?`putusid 8p`rism pi>i peidtir his0mtms cirus b`bp`rtmbkidg?id  k`k`ripi cie3 s`p`rtm ?`piricid ?8d>msm pism`d3 ?`su?s`sid t`ripm s`k`eubd;i3 >id ?`t`rkitisid >ieib b`bkitism p`?`r:iid itiu i?tmhmtis 8eicrigi,. M. [@CI [@CI!M !MEM EM\ \I_M #@LM #@LM(  (  \u:uid \u:uid r`cikmemti r`cikmemtism sm b`>m? i>ieic udtu? b`d0`gic ?`0i0itid3 ?`0i0itid3 b`dg`bkiem?i b`dg`bkiem?id d ?`eimdid hudgsm >id b`dtie pism`d s`8ptmbie budg?md s`rti bieitmc pism`d b`dggudi?id

hudgsm ;idg bismc t`rsmsi s`bi?smbie budg?md. Lid k`k`ripi ;idg >msirid?id udtu?   p`d>`rmti peidtir his0mtms i>ieic,< (8dtris kitc 5ki? imr cidgit >id imr >mdgmd2 Cmd>irm k`r:ieid ?i?mG k`reirm ;idg k`re`kmcid (uridgm k`rit ki>id Cmd>irm k`r:ieid tidpi ieis ?i?m ^memc ieis ?i?m ;idg d;ibid udtu? >mpi?im 5ieis ;idg eudi?2     

_`eimd mtu3 bismc i>i k`k`ripi 0iri ;idg >msirid?id udtu? b`dgitism peidtir his0mtms. /imtu /imtu >`dgid b`bidhiit?id p`dggudiid p`dggudi id \`?d8e8gm Mdt`r7`dsm Hmsm8t`ripm3 ;imtu43)<

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 "moraiv`  "moraiv` /mit`rby  "moraiv`  "moraiv` /mit`rby  /mit`rby  k`rtu:uid udtu? b`dmdg?it?id `eistmsmtis :irmdgid 8t8t3 :ugi b`durud?id t8dus 8t8t e`9it d8rbiemsism d80m s`ds8rm?3 ?`0uiem

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cmp`rt8dm? 8t8t i?mkit `b8sm8die). $etrisaudl  ^i>i ^i>i p`dggud p`dggudiid iid uetrisaudl 3 hr`?u`dsm r`d>ic kmisid;i >mgudi?id >id >msirid?id pi>i 0`>`ri :irmdgid ;idg >ieib3 >`dgi >i;i s`rip >`dgid ?`>ieibid :irmdgid 46&0b3 s`>idg?id >`dgid hr`?u`dsm 4#c kmisid;i >mgudi?id pi>i e`sm sup`rhm0mie >`dgid ?`>ieibid :irmdgid 6%0b. ^i>i siit g`e8bkidg uetrisaudl  bisu?  bisu? ?` >ieib tukuc3 bi?i i?id t`r:i>m `h`?  t`rbie >id b`?idm? >ieib tukuc. ^`dgiruc t`rbie >irm uetrisaudl  i>ieic   i>ieic udtu udtu? ? b`bp b`bp`r `rei eibk bkit it >id >id b`dgu b`dguri ridgm dgm d;`r d;`rm3 m3 p`dm p`dmdg dg?i ?iti tid d :irm :irmdgi dgid d r`ei?sism3 iemrid >iric e8?ie3 >id ?`rusi?id :irmdgid pirut s`rti b`bkidtu b`dguridgm p`ri>idgid ep?ie. _`>idg?id p`dgiruc `h`? b`?idm? >irm uetrisaudl  ;imtu  ;imtu i>id;i p`dgiruc >irm ?i7mtism >id str`ibmdg i?ustm? pi>i uetrisaudl  ;idg ;idg b`bk`rm b`bk`rm?id ?id >ibpi? >ibpi? hmsm8e hmsm8e8gm 8gmss pi>i :irmdg :irmdgid id k`rupi k`rupi >`gridueism >`gridueism s`e bist3 bist3 p`dmdg?itid p`dmdg?itid ?i>ir ?iesmub ?iesmub mdtris`eue mdtris`eue`r3 `r3 stmbueism stmbueism i?tm i?tm7m 7mti tiss

hmkr hmkr8ke 8keis istt

b`dg b`dgi?m i?mkit kit?id ?id

p`dm p`dmdg dg?it ?itid id

smdt smdt`s `sms ms

pr8t pr8t`m `md3 d3

 p`dmdg?itid p`rb`ikmemtis p`bkueuc >iric >id p`dmdg?itid ?`?uitid tirm?id ?8eig`d43). Libpi? uetrisaudl  idtiri   idtiri eimd udtu? b`dguridgm mdheibsm3 b`dmdg?it?id b`tik8e b`tik8emsb msb`` e8?ie3 e8?ie3 b`dgur b`dguridgm idgm d;`rm d;`rm 8t8t 8t8t >id spisb` spisb`33 b`bp`r b`bp`r0`pi 0`pitt  p`d;`bkucid s`rti b`dmdg?it?id p`d;`bkucid  soirs tmssu`. tmssu`. i?tu  p`dggudiid uetrisaudl  ?mri ?mri6? 6?mr mrii s`ei s`eibi bi ?uri ?uridg dg e`km e`kmc c 46& 46& b`dm b`dmt. t.33 t`rgidtudg >irm euis ir`i ;idg b`dgieibm gidgguid4. @h`? tc`rbi rbie uetrisaudl  b`dmbku b`dmbkueid eid 7is8>m 7is8>meit eitism ism p`bkue p`bkueuc uc >iric >iric s`cmdggi t`r:i>m p`rkim?id smr?ueism >iric pi>i his0mi s`cmdggi it6it mrmtid p`d;`kik d;`rm >ipit t`ridg?ut >id bisu? ?`bkiem ?` >ieib iemrid >iric. L`dgid cmeidgd;i it6it mrmtid t`rs`kut bi?i s`dsism d;`rm :ugi i?id i?id k`r? k`r?ur urid idg. g. @h`? @h`? tc`r tc`rbi biee :ugi :ugi b`ri b`ridg dgsi sidg dg s`ri s`rikut kut siri sirihh ;idg ;idg b`dmbkue?id `h`? s`>itmh s`cmdggi t`r:i>m p`dguridgid d;`rm). @h`? @h`? b`?i b`?idm dm? ? b`dm b`dmbk bkue ue?i ?id d bmorabissig` ;idg >ipit b`eudi? b`eudi??id ?id ikd8rb ikd8rbie ie orassemdf   ;idg t`r>ipit pi>i his0mi >id s`rikut 8t8t s`cmdggi >ipit b`e`pis?id p`re`dg?`tid :irmdgid. #i?i mrmtism pi>i s`rikut sirih  i?id k`r?uridg >id :irmdgid ;idg rusi? i?id b`dgieibm p`d;`bkucid).

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\`ripm Eitmcid \`ripm eitmcid b`rupi?id suitu usici p`dg8kitid hmsm8t`ripm ;idg >ieib  p`ei?sidiidd;i b`dggudi?id eitmcid6eitmcid g`ri? tukuc s`0iri i?tmh  biupu biupud d pismh pismh.. L`dgi L`dgid d >mk` >mk`rm rm?i ?id d t`ri t`ripm pm eitm eitmcid cid >ipit >ipit b`d: b`d:ig igii >id b`dmdg?it?id ?`?uitid 8t8t3 b`eid0ir?id p`r`>irid >iric3 b`dmdg?it?id emdg?up g`ri? s`d>m3 b`d0`gic ?8dtri?tur >id b`d0`gic itr8hm 8t8t4.

'. ^["$D"_M_ ^ism`d ;idg tm>i? b`bkim? s`t`eic p`dg8kitid ?8ds`r7itmh s`eibi + sibpim %  kueid3 >msirid?id udtu? 8p`rism. (`gigieid 8p`rism >ieib b`didggueidgm p`d;i?mt mdm

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