Recuperación de Plomo A Partir de Soluciones de Lixiviación de Galena en Un Medio de Nitratos

January 22, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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Ghrontdr go Woshs6 Gr. Brènhsnd F`vhor Fuàroz Hsi`s

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Gdy jr`nh`s ` Ghds pdr porchthrco torche`r ch n`rror` y `sã chscd idjr`r ndeniuhr osto prdnosd go ch toshs. Jr`nh`s ` ch c`cà, pdr `pdy`rco oe tdgd osto thocpd, quog`rso gosphort` gosphort ` ndechjd oe i`s ednaos a`st` quo torche`r` ch t`ro`, pdr `pdy`rco oe tdgds chs prdyontds y suoðds. Jr`nh`s ` n`g` ued go chs `chjds quo gurèto ch ostènh` oe i` uehvorshg`g, ndcp`rthcds vhvoenh`s, rhs`s, ostughd y `öe pdgor ndet`r nde oiids oe chs thocpds ghbãnhios. Jr`nh`s ` ch edvhd pdr heniuhrso oe osto idjrd y sor p`rto go osto prdnosd. ]dr öithcd, jr`nh`s ` ch `sosdr, quo oe ost` trèshnhþe idjr`cds ue kuoe oquhpd go tr`k`fd, pdr tdgd su `pdyd, p`nhoenh` y goghn`nhþe p`r` osto idjrd. X go èto cèd `jr`goznd ` n`g` ued go chs shedgìos, pdr su thocpd hevorthgd oe i` rovhshþe go ost` toshs.

]de oe cèds goi ôðdr tdg`s tus dkr`s, y tus prdyontds so nucpihràe. ]rdv. 026> ERH

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I` dktoenhþe go ]k ` p`rthr go cheorìos go jìoe` oe i` `ntuìhg`g os roìhz`gd pdr prdnosds phrdcotìörjhnds gdego ids prhenhpìos prdkioc`s quo so joeorè sde i` ochshþe go ^D ; y ]k(j). [`zþe pdr i` nuì so a` voehgd gos`rrdiiègd gos`rrdii` egd ue` ìtore`thv` pdr vã` ahgrdcotìurjh`, ocpioègd i` ihxhvh`nhþe ` proshþe nde ànhgd eãtrhnd dktoehoegd ehtr`td go pidcd. Oi prosoeto tr`k`fd ndeshsto oe i` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd ` p`rthr go ids hdeos ) y gof`r ue` sdiunhþe nde ehtr`td (]kED+> , ]k(ED> ); , ]k(ED> )-> y ]k(ED> );7 ndetoehgds ` k`fd go ids iãchtos porchshkios. ]`r` ostd so p`rto go sdiunhdeos shetèthn`s go `nuorgd nde i`s ndeghnhdeos go ihxhvh`nhþe y prdguntds dktoehgds oe oii`s, ndcd p`rto hehnhì go osto ostughd, so dksorvþ i` v`rh`nhþe goi pA pdr i` `ghnhþe go E`DA ` bhe go roi`nhde`r ost` v`rh`nhþe nde i`s osponhos prosoetos go ids ghboroetos hdeos go ehtr`tds go pidcd `pdyègd oi ostughd nde ids gh`jr`c`s go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos p`r` oi shstoc` go pidcd ehtr`td, porchthoegd gobhehr oi hetorvìd go tr`k`fd go >. Ndcd sojueg` ot`p` p`r` i` ronupor`nhþe go ]k so roìhzþ oi ostughd pdr i` pronhpht`nhþe go ]k nde kdrdahgrurd go sdghd (E`KA7), gdego i`s prhenhpìos v`rh`kios buorde6 pA (>-:), ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k (0-;.?j) y ndenoetr`nhþe go E`KA7 (=.?-;.? j). Gotorcheègd i`s ndeghnhdeos þpthc`s go ue pA go >, ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k go 0 j y ndenoetr`gd go E`KA7 =.? j, dktoehoegd ue` ronupor`nhþe go 88.81 %. Dtr` ìtore`thv` p`r` i` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd ` p`rthr go i`s sdiunhdeos shetèthn`s go ihxhvh`nhþe buo pdr i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe i` nuì so pugd ronupor`r oi ]k cotàihnd, gdego i`s v`rh`kios quo so ostugh`rde buorde pA, `cpor`fo y cockrè`. I`s cofdros ndeghnhdeos oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe sde ue pA go >, `cpor`fo go =.0 y tr`k`fègd she cockrè`.

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ÃEGHNO

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ÃEGHNO

[osucoe Ãeghno Ihst` go W`ki`s Ihst` go Bhjur`s Ihst` go Jràbhnds Hetrdgunnhþe H. @etonogoetos 0.0 Jodidjã`, Oxpidr`nhþe Cheor` y Cotìurjh` Oxtr`nthv`. 0.; ]rdphog`gos goi pidcd (]k). 0.> Ni`shbhn`nhþe go ids prdnosds cotìörjhnd cotìörjhnds. s. 0.>.0 Ahgrdcotìur Ahgrdcotìurjh` jh` vorsus ]hrdcotìurjh`. ]hrdcotìurjh` . 0.>.; ]rdnosd Ahgrdcot Ahgrdcotìörjhnd. ìörjhnd. 0.>.> 0.>.> ]ronhpht`nhþe pdr Oiontrþihshs. 0.7 Ostughd ihxhvh`nhþe go jìoe` nde AED>. 0.? _sds goi kdrdahgrurd go sdghd (E`KA7). 0.2 Ndestrunnhþe go gh`jr`c`s go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos. HH HH.. Go Gos`rrd s`rrd iid Oxporhcoetì ;.0 C`torhìos y ro`nthvds. ;.; ^diunhdeos prop`r`g`s. ;.> Ot`p` 06 Eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E`DA. ;.>.0 ]rhcor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet` oxporhcoet`nhþe, nhþe, eoutrìh eoutrìhz`nhþe z`nhþe nde E`DA. ;.>.; ôjueg` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþ oxporhcoet`nhþe, e, rogunnhþe nde E`KA7. ;.>.> Wornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`n oxporhcoet`nhþe, hþe, oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k. ;.>.;. Ndeghnhdeos go i`s oxporhcoet`nhdeos. oxporhcoet`n hdeos.

HHH HR RH RHH 0 7 7 ? 2 1 0= 00 0; 07 07 0: 0: 01 01 08 ;= ;0 ;>

HH HHH. H. >.0 >.0.0 >.0.; >.0.> >.0.7

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>. ; >.;.0 >.;.; >.;.> >.> >.>.0 >.>.;

[o [osui sui t`gds ye @eàihsh s Eoutrìhz`nhþ Eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E`DA. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td goi ndcpiofd ]k(ED> )>- nde i` `ghnhþe go E`DA. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td goi ndcpiofd ]k(ED>); nde i` `ghnhþe go E`DA. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]kED+> nde nde i` `ghnhþe go E`DA. + Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td goi ndcpiofd ]kDA y ]k(DA); nde i` `ghnhþe go E`DA. ]ronhpht`nhþe go pidcd nde E`KA7. Obontd goi pA. Obontd oe i` v`rh`nhþe go i` ndenoetr`nh ndenoetr`nhþe þe go ]k. Obontd oe i` v`rh`nhþe go E`KA7. Oiontrdgop Oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe dsht`nhþe go ]k. Oiontrdgop Oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe dsht`nhþe go ]k oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè` go e`bhþe. Gotorche`n Gotorche`nhþe hþe go thocpd.

>= >= >0 >; >> >> >2 HH

.

>.>.> Obontd goi pA oe i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k. >.>.7 Obontd goi `cpor`fo oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k. Ndeniushdeos [oboroenh`s @pèeghno

ÃEGHNO >: 7= 7> 77 7?

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IH^W@ GO W@KI@^

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Ihst` Ihs t` go W`ki`s W`ki`s W`ki` 0.

prdphog`gos os bãshn`s goi ]k. ]k. ]rhenhpìos prdphog`g

W`ki` W`ki` ;. >. W`ki` 7. W`ki` ?.

[o`nthvds us`gds us`gds. . ^diunhdeos prop`r`g`s p`r` i` oxporhcoet`n oxporhcoet`nhþe. hþe. ôrho go oxporhcoetd oxporhcoetdss nde sus rosponthv`s v`rh`kios. Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go pA oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k). Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go i` ndenoetr`nh ndenoetr`nhþe þe go ]k, oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k). Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go i` v`rh`nhþe oe posd oe jr`cds go E`KA7, oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k). . Oquhpd go vhgrhd y dtrds quo so uthihz`rde oe i`s oxporhcoet`n oxporhcoet`nhdeos hdeos Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]k(ED> )> ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0).

W`ki` 2. W`ki` :. W`ki` 1. W`ki` 8.

]àjhe` ? 0: 01 ;> >= >0 >; 7? 72

> ;

W`ki` 0=. E`DA, Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td goi 0). ndcpiofd ]k(ED ) ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go (oxporhcoetd W`ki` 00. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]kED>+ ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). W`ki` 0;. Ndcpdrt`cho Ndcpdrt`choetd etd goi ]kDA+ y ]k(DA); ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). W`ki` 0>. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopdsh t`nhþe oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` èþghn` nde sdiunhþe s diunhþe go ]k(ED>);, (oxporhcoetd 01). W`ki` 07. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopdsht `nhþe oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` n`tþghn` nde ue` sdiunhþe go A;^D7, (oxporhcoetd 01). W`ki` 0?. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe èþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 01).

72 7:

W`ki` 02. [osui [osuit`gds t`gds oe i` sdiunhþe n`tþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 01). W`ki` 0:. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` èþghn` nde sdiunhþe go A;^D7, (oxporhcoetd 08). W`ki` 01. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` n`tþghn` nde sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>);, (oxporhcoetd 08). W`ki` 08. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe èþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 08). W`ki` ;=. [osui [osuit`gds t`gds oe i` sdiunhþe n`tþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 08). W`ki` ;0. Rìdros oe i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nh ht`nhþe þe go ]k, robiof`gds oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;=). W`ki` ;;. Rìdros oe i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k,

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robiof`gds oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;=). HR

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IH^W@ GO W@KI@^ W`ki` ;>. ;>. Rìdros oe i` gotorche` gotorche`nhþe nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgop oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe dsht`nhþe go ]k, robiof`gds oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;=). W`ki` ;7. Rìdros dktoehgds oe ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nþe t`nþe go ]k, oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;0). W`ki` ;?. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;0). W`ki` ;2. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;0). W`ki` ;:. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhco (oxporhcoetd etd ;;). W`ki` ;1. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;;). W`ki` ;8. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhco (oxporhcoetd etd ;;). W`ki` >=. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nþe ht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;>). W`ki` >0. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`n oiontrdgopdsh t`nhþe hþe go

?: ?1 ?1 ?1 ?8 ?8 ?8 2= 2=

pidcd oedktoehgds oi nàtdgdp`r` (oxporhcoetd W`ki` >;. Rìdros ue pA go ;>). >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopdsh t`nhþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;>). W`ki` >>. Rìdros ddktoehgds ktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;7). W`ki` >7. Rìdros ddktoehgds ktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;7). W`ki` >?. Rìdros ddktoehgds ktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;7). W`ki` >2. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo ggo o =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;?). W`ki` >:. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`n ht`nhþe hþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;?).

2=

W`ki` >1. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe oiontrdgopds ht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;?). W`ki` >8. Nàinuids ostoquhdcètrhnds prop`r`r 0I go sdiunhþe 0, =.? C AED > y jr`cds go ]k(ED>); eonos`rhds. W`ki` 7=. Nàinuid p`r` prop`r`r i` sdiunhþe > go E`KA7. W`ki` 70. Nàinuids ostoquhdcètrhn ostoquhdcètrhnds ds p`r` prop`r`r ue ue`` sdiunhþe 7, 0 C go A;^D7.

2;

20 20 20 2; 2;

2> 2> 27

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IH^W@ GO BHJ_[@^

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Ihst` Ihst ` go Bhjur Bhjur`s `s Bhjur` 0. Bhjur` ;. Bhjur` >. Bhjur` 7. Bhjur` ?. Bhjur` 2. Bhjur` :. Bhjur` 1. Bhjur` 8.

]àjhe` ]rdnosd phrdcotìörjhnd o ahgrdcotìörjhn ahgrdcotìörjhndd p`r` i` dktoenhþe go : ]k. Gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go oosponhos sponhos oe buenhþe ì % gh ghsdiunhþe sdiunhþe y pA. ]`sds pdr sojuhr go i` prhcor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet oxporhcoet`nhþe, `nhþe, eoutrìhz`nhþe eoutrìhz`nh þe nde E`DA. ]`sds pdr sojuhr oe i` sojueg` sonuoenh` go ox oxporhcoet`nhþ porhcoet`nhþe, e, rogunnhþe nde E`KA7. ]`sds pdr sojuhr oe i` tornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`n oxporhcoet`nhþe, hþe, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopd sht`nhþe go ]k. [oprosoet`n [oprosoet`nhþe hþe goi cdet`fo goi Oquhpd (]rhcor` sonuoenh sonuoenh`` go oxporhcoet`nhþe).   oxporhcoet`nhþe). Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`KA7 oe i` ^diunhþe 0 (ôjueg` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet oxporhcoet`nhþe). `nhþe). [oprosoet`n [oprosoet`nhþe hþe goi cdet`fo goi oquhpd, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopdsh t`nhþe (Wornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet oxporhcoet`nhþe). `nhþe). Gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos go ]k, nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA y osponhos go ]kDA+ y ]k(DA); prosoetos.

02 08 ;= ;0 ;; ;; ;; ;8

RH

IH^W@ GO J[ÀBHND^

.

Ihst` Ihst ` go Jràbhnds Jràbhnds Jràbhnd 0. Jràbhnd ;. Jràbhnd >. Jràbhnd 7. Jràbhnd ?. Jràbhnd 2.

Jràbhnd :.

Jràbhnd 1.

Jràbhnd 8.

]àjhe` Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe ;7 >); (0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi go ]k(ED + ]k(ED> )> , ]k(ED>); y ]kED> . Rìdr`nhþe Rìdr`nhþ e goi obontd go i` `ghnhþe ggoo E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED> )-> y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd. Obontd ggo o i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe uue` e` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED>); y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd. Obontd ggo o i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe uue` e` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k, p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]kED>+ y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd. Obontd ggo o i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe uue` e` sdiunhþe +

;? ;2 ;: ;1

> ; go ]k(ED ]k(DA) ;. ) (0=== ppc go ]k), oe i` bdrc`nhþe goi ]kDA y Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde >> cockrè` go e`bhþe y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); oe i` nàc`r` goi àedgd (oxporhcoetd 0) y 0 C go A ;^D7 oe i` nàc`r` goi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;). Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde >7 cockrè` y sdiunhþe go 0 C go A;^D7 oe i` nàc`r` goi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd 0) y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); oe i` nàc`r` goi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;). Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td oe i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k, oe oi ro`ntdr nde >? cockrè` y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >);, oe `ck`s nàc`r`s go ids oxporhcoe oxporhcoetds. tds.

Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopds ht`nhþe go ]k, go ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); nde rospontd ì thocpd, pA go =.8 y `cpor`fo go =.0. Jràbhnd  0=. Ndcpdrt`choe Jràbhnd Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopds ht`nhþe go ]k oe n`g` àedgd, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go =.8 ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); y `cpor`fo go =.0. Jràbhnd 00. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go =.8 ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); y `cpor`fo go =.0. Jràbhnd  0;. Ndcpdrt`choe Jràbhnd Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k oe n`g` sdiunhþe, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go =.8 ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); y `cpor`fo go =.0.

>2 >: >1 >8

RHH

.

IH^W@ GO J[ÀBHND^ Jràbhnd 0>. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopds oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe ht`nhþe go ]k oe oi àedgd, oe 7= ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >);, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, y pA go >. Jràbhnd 07. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopdsh oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe t`nhþe ggoo ]k oe oi nàtdgd, oe 70 ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >);, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, y pA go >. Jràbhnd 0?. Ndcpdrt`choe Ndcpdrt`choetd td go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe oiontrdgopds ht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue` sdiunhþe 7; (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); y `cpor`fo go =.0, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, y pA go >.

RHHH

HEW[DG_NNHÞE

.

HEW[DG_NNHÞE Oi pidcd y sus `pihn`nhdeos. Oe i` `nthvhg`g goi prdnos`choetd go ids cheorìos go ]k, p`r` i` dktoenhþe go osto so roìhz` pdr vã` phrdcotìörjhn` prosoetègd ndcd prhenhpìos hendevoehoetos i`s ochshdeos go ^D; y ]k(j) ids nuìos nùsè prdkioc`s `ckhoetìos y go sìug joeorègd oeborcog`gos ndcd oi s`turehscd, oe i`s pdki`nhdeos ìog`ð`s ` i`s pièt`s go robhe`nhþe. Nuègd oi pidcd os hejorhgd, heaì`gd d `ksdrkhgd pdr i` phoi, rosuit` sor ìt`coeto tþxhnd, nùsègd g`ðds prhenhpìcoeto ` ids v`sds sèjuãeods y ` ids rhðdeos. Heniusd oe nèthg`gos oxnoshv`s puogo `bont`r ì shstoc` eorvhdsd. Oi s`turehscd, os i` hetdxhn`nhþe nrþehn` pdr oxpdshnhþe ì pidcd, sus sìos y ndcpuostds. ]uogo prdvdn`r gdidr go n`koz`, èoch`, eàuso`s, cìost`r oe oi shstoc` ghjosthvd `gocàs go dtrds sãetdc`s y sh os jr`vo puogo iioj`r ` `bont`r ì shstoc` pshndcdtrhz goi heghvhgud. \0S Oi pidcd os ue cotì goedche`gd ’pos`gd– pdr sor cuy ost`kio oe i` e`turìoz`, id quo hcpihn` quo puogoe p`s`r nhoetds go `ðds a`st` su goshetojr`nhþe, tètd oe oi `ckhoeto ndcd oe ue drjèhscd, aucèd d èhcì, sh os hejorhgd. @gocàs, so `nucui` oe i` n`goe` trþbhn`, id quo shjehbhn` quo sh oi adckro u dtrd prog`gdr ndesucoe ue èhcì quo ndethoeo pidcd, èsto p`s`rà ` `nucui`rso oe oi drjèhscd pdr ue thocpd prdidej`gd, prdk`kiocoeto tdg` i` vhg`, pughoegd prdvdn`r sãetdc`s d ed oe buenhþe go i` nèthg`g `nucui`g`. \0S Nuègd ids ehvoios go pidcd oe sèjro suporè ids 1-0= cnj/gi, ndchoezè ` `p`ronor ids shjeds niãehnds go i` hetdxhn`nhþe. W`ckhèe puogo ndetoeor pidcd oi `ju` pdt`kio nèìhz`g` ` tr`vès go tukorã`s go pidcd d nde sdig`gur` ` k`so go osto cotì. \0S

0

HEW[DG_NNHÞE

.

Oe tr`k`fds provhds so prdpdeo roìhz`r su prdnos`choetd pdr vã` ahgrdcotìörjhn`, roìhzègd i` ihxhvh`nhþe go ndenoetr`gd go jìoe` nde ànhgd eãtrhnd ` oiov`g` proshþe, dktoehoegd ue` sdiunhþe nde ghboroetos osponhos ospon hos go ehtr`td go pidcd y i` bdrc`nhþe go ^ ½ nde id nuì so ovhtþ i` bdrc`nhþe go ^D;. Go i` sdiunhþe dktoehg` so protoego oendetr`r ue cètdgd `gonu`gd p`r` ronupor`r oi ]k go i` sdiunhþe y i` sdiunhþe sdkrèto quogo go k`fd go ids iãchtos porchshkios go `nuorgd nde i` edrc` i` Edrc` Dbhnhì Coxhnè` EDC-0;:-^^@00887, ^ìug `ckhoetì @ju` p`r` usd y ndesucd aucèd. Iãchtos porchshkios go nìhg`g y tr`t`choetds ` quo goko sdcotorso oi `ju` p`r` su pdt`khihz`nhþe. ]`r` oi pidcd so thoeo ue iãchto go pidcd go =,=;? oxpros`gd oe cj/i. \;S Ndcd hetorès prhenhpì toeocds oi ostughd go i` ronupor`nhþe goi pidcd nde oi usd go `joetos go ihxhvh`nhþe ndcöe y roet`kios ndcd oi AED>. ]`r` oi tr`t`choetd go sdiunhdeos go

ihxhvh`nhþe

oxhstoe

v`rhds prdnoghchoetds ndcd

sde

i`

oiontrdgopdshnhþe, i` nocoet`nhþe y i` pronhpht`nhþe nde j`sos d sìos ndcd nde oi E`KA7. Oe p`rthnui`r, oe oi tr`t`choetd go prdnosds p`r` i` ronupor`nhþe goi ]k so goko soionnhde`r y n`ckh`r i` `ntuì bdrc` go oihche`r ostds hdeos. Oe joeorì, oi ]k so pronhpht` go bdrc` hesdiukio coghèto hetorn`ckhd hþehnd. Oi prdnosd go tr`t`choetd quo so prdpdeo p`r` rocdvor hdeos go pidcd go ue` sdiunhþe shetèthn` go ihxhvh`nhþe os i` pronhpht`nh pronhpht`nhþe þe quãchn` y i` oiontrdgopdsht oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe. `nhþe. Oe osto tr`k`fd so protoego ronupor`r oi ]k pdr coghd go i` pronhpht`nhþe nde E`KA 7 y i` oiontrdgopdshnhþe, os hcpdrtèto ndednor oe quo osponho so oenuoetr` oi ]k y su prdpdrnhþe oe buenhþe goi pA p`r` id nuì osto tr`k`fd tr`k`f d so k`s`rà oe ids gh`jr`c`s go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos.

;

HEW[DG_NNHÞE

.

Dkfothvds6 Ids dkfothvds prhenhpìos go ost` hevosthj`nhþe sde6 0) Gogunhr i`s osponhos ggoo pidcd quo hevdiunr` i` oxporhcoet`nhþe. ;) Gotorche`r i` i`ss ndeghnhdeos þp þpthc`s thc`s p`r` i` ppronhpht`nhþe ronhpht`nhþe ggoi oi pidcd. >) Gotorche`r i` i`ss ndeghnhdeos þp þpthc`s thc`s p`r` i` oiontr oiontrdgopdsht`nh dgopdsht`nhþe þe go pidcd.

Fusthbhn`nhþe. Oi prdnosd phrdcotìörjhnd go bushþe y robhe`nhþe goi ]k os ndcöecoeto uthihz`gd p`r` oi prdnos`choetd go ndenoetr`gds go ]k y so iiov` ` n`kd coghèto i` `pihn`nhþe go nìdr, joeoràegdso nèthg`gos ndeshgor`kios go aucds y pdivds quo ndethoeoe p`rtãnui`s go ]k, i`s nuìos sde ìt`coeto poihjrds`s p`r` i` sìug, `gocàs go i` joeor`nhþe go jrègos vdiöcoeos go j`sos, tì os oi n`sd goi ^D ;. @ nùs` go ids prdkioc`s `ckhoetìos roi`nhde`gds roi `nhde`gds ` i` dktoenhþe goi ]k pdr vã` phrdcotìörjhn` y i` ndcpiofhg`g go ids ndenoetr`gds `sdnh`gds ` i` jìoe`, a`noe pdshkio quo oi prdnos`choetd go cheorìos go ]k pdr vã` ahgrdcotìurjh` iiojuoe ` sor gos`rrdii`gds. Oe osto tr`k`fd so prosoet` ue` ìtore`thv` p`r` i` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd pdr vã` ahgrdcotìörjhn`, go ids rosuit`gds dktoehgds oe i` ihxhvh`nhþe go jìoe` nde AED >, go `nuorgd nde ostds rosuit`gds so prdnogorà ` prop`r`r sdiunhdeos shetèthn`s go ]k(ED>); nde pA go 0.=:. Osto ostughd hehnh` nde i` v`rh`nhþe goi pA go i` sdiunhþe nde E`DA ` bhe go gotorche`r oi pA þpthcd p`r` dktoeor ue` osponho go ids ndcpiofds go ]k y i` zde` go ost`khihg`g go osto. ]dstorhdrcoeto so gos`rrdiiè i`s pruok`s p`r` su rogunnhþe nde E`KA7 y ids ostughds p`r` i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k.

>

.

KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

H. @EWONOGOEWO^ Oi pidcd or` ued go ids pdnds cotìos quo so ndednã` oe oi cuegd èthjud, y ue`s go i`s prhcor`s `pihn`nhdeos go osto `öe shjuoe sukshsthoegd. Ids rdcèds id ocpio`kè oe bdetèorã`, ids naheds nahed s rovostãè i`s `rquot`s `rquot` s p`r` ju`rg`r oi tè nde osto cotì y i`s kì`s go i`s `rc`s go buojd prhchthv`s ost`kè aona`s go pidcd. ]dr su p`rto, ids ojhpnhds us`kè osto cotì oe oi oscìt`gd noràchnd y id càs sojurd os quo i` pi`t` quo ocpio`kè i` dktuvhosoe go coe`s go pidcd. Oxhsto ue` hc`joe go pidcd quo thoeo ue` èthjùog`g go sohs chi `ðds< ids boehnhds y` tr`k`f`kè ids y`nhchoetds go pidcd go i` ]oeãesui` Hkèrhn` gds chi `ðds ètos go Fosunrhstd y ids go Jronh` so oendetr`kè oe pioe` prdgunnhþe quhehoetds `ðds ètos go i` or` nrhsthè`. \>S

0.0 0. 0 Jo Jodidj didj ã` ã`,, Oxpidr`nh Oxpidr`nhþe þe Che Cheor` or` y Co Cotìur tìurjh` jh` Oxtr`nt Oxtr`nthv`. hv`.

I` Jodidjã`, ndesthtuyo oi prhcor p`sd goi ]rdnosd Cheord y, ndcd tì, goko ost`r hetojr`g` oe tdgd cdcoetd ` i`s `pihn`nhdeos go i`s ghsnhpihe`s quo io shjuoe. Ed os ndenokhkio oetdenos, oe ue ]rdyontd Cheord, quo ue cotìurjhst` ed so` n`p`z go ghìdj`r y so gosvhenuio go ids joþidjds ` n`rjd, d quo ue cheord, ì prop`r`r su prdyontd, ed tdco oe nuoet` ` ìjued go ostds dtrds prdboshdeìos osoenhìcoeto ndcpiocoet`rhds. \7S I` Oxpidr`nhþe Cheor` prdph`coeto tì ndcproego tdg`s i`s `nthvhg`gos roi`nhde`g`s nde i` oxtr`nnhþe y oi `rrèquo go ids cheorìos, goko su iuj`r go drhjoe oe i` che`, a`st` sor oetroj`gds p`r` su prdnos`choetd cotìörjhnd pdstorhdr oe i` pièt`. Osto prdnos`choetd usuìcoeto so hehnh` nde ue` d v`rh`s ot`p`s go trèsbdrc`nhþe bãshn`, ndcd puogoe sor i`s ot`p`s provh`s go ndecheunhþe (so` ost` son`6 naèn`gd, d khoe aöcog`6 cdihoeg`) y ndetheu` nde i`s ot`p`s hehnhìos go ndenoetr`nhþe (so` ost` bhshndquãchn`6 bidt`nhþe, d khoe

7

.

@EWONOGOEWO^

KK

eot`coeto bãshn`6 jr`vhcètrhn` y c`jeèthn`) ètos go hehnh`rso ids prdnosds quãchnds prdphds go i` Cotìurjh` Oxtr`nthv`. \7S I`s rostrhnnhdeos hcpuost`s pdr ue` ovìu`nhþe tènehn` go osto thpd gokoe, shcuitàeo`coeto, nucpihr nde i`s rojui`nhdeos `ckhoetìos vhjoetos ` bhe go chehchz`r su ovoetuì hcp`ntd eoj`thvd oe oi Coghd @ckhoeto. G`gd quo oi hcp`ntd `ckhoetì go ue prdnosd cheord puogo oxtoegorso pdr cunad thocpd, càs ìià goi porãdgd go oxpidt`nhþe `nthv` prdph`coeto tì, t`ckhèe goko ndeshgor`rso oi piè go nhorro go i` bòe` ì tèrched go su oxpidt`nhþe ondeþchn`.

\7S

0.; 0. ; ]rdphog`gos goi p pidc idcd d (]k).

Oi oiocoetd pidcd os ue cotì iustrdsd, so oenuoetr` oe oi jrupd 07 (HR @) go i` t`ki` porhþghn`. Oi oiocoetd go cuostr` vìoenh`s vìoenh`s go ;+ y 7+. 7+ . \?S `) ]rdphog`gos bãshn`s y conàehn`s. I`s prdphog`gos bãshn`s sdkrosìhoetos sde su k`fd puetd go bushþe, su ìt` goeshg`g, su`vhg`g y cìo`khihg`g. Oi cotì puogo sor bànhicoeto tr`k`f`gd oe i`che`nhþe, oxtrushþe, y os ihjor`coeto gönthi. @ijue`s go sus prdphog`gos so cuostrè oe i` t`ki` 0. \?S W`ki` 0. ]rhenhpìos prdphog`gos prdphog`gos bãshn`s goi ]k. ]rdphog`gos ]osd `tþchnd (j/cdi) ]uetd go bushþe (½N) Goeshg`g (j/nc>) ]osd osponãbhnd (j/nc>)

;=:.;; >;:.7 0>.>> 00.>7

k) ]rdphog`gos quãchn`s. Oi pidcd so pdgrã` ospor`r quo so ghsuoivo oe ànhgds nde ihkor`nhþe go ahgrþjoed, pord ostd os hcpoghgd pdr i` oiov`g` sdkrotoeshþe go ahgrdjoed, y oi `t`quo so prdguno sþid nuègd oxhsto i` ndckhe`nhþe go ndeghnhdeos dxhgètos y osponhos go sìos sdiukios. ]dr id tètd, oi cotì roshsto ì ANi, A;^D7 y AB< she ock`rjd, so ghsuoivo bànhicoeto oe `ju` thkh` y AED > ghiuhgd p`r` bdrc`r ?

.

KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

]k(ED>); sdiukio. Oi pidcd t`ckhèe so ndrrdo pdr ids ànhgds drjàehn drjàehnds ds gèkhios, tìos \?S   ndcd ànhgd `nèthnd (NA>-NDDA), oe prosoenh` go dxãjoed. \?S

0.> 0.> Ni` Ni`shbhn`nhþe shbhn`nhþe go ids prdnosds cot` cotìörjhn iörjhn ds.

Oe i` ni`shbhn`nhþe tr`ghnhdeì go ids prdnosds cotìörjhnds so ghsthejuoe ids shjuhoetos jrupds6 `) Ids prdnosds phrdcotìörjhnds, os gonhr ids quo dnurroe ` tocpor`tur`s oiov`g`s oe adreds cotìörjhnds y oi nìdr eonos`rhd p`r` su roìhz`nhþe so dkthoeo go i` quoc` go ndckusthkios (n`rkþe, j`s, `nohto) d go dtr`s ro`nnhdeos oxdtèrchn`s. k) Ids prdnosds ahgrdcotìörjhnds so k`sè oe oi ocpiod go ghvors`s sdiunhdeos quãchn`s p`r` ghsdivor ids cotìos ndetoehgds oe ids cheorìos pdr coghd go i` ihxhvh`nhþe. Gospuès go i` ihxhvh`nhþe y purhbhn`nhþe go i`s sdiunhdeos so roìhz` i` dpor`nhþe go pronhpht`nhþe go ids cotìos d sus ndcpuostds ndetoehgds oe i` sdiunhþe, pdr vã` quãchn` d oiontrdiãthn`. Oe i` Bhj. 0 so dksorv` ue` ndcp`r`nhþe oetro ids prdnosds phrdcotìurjhnds o ahgrdcotìörjhnds.

2

.

@EWONOGOEWO^

KK

]rdnosds Cotìörjhnds Cotìörjhnds

Nhèurd @ju` ûib`td go Vhen Ospucèto, òrdbhe`s, xèt`td, suib`td go ndkro

]rdnosd ]hrdcotìörjhn ]hrdcotìörjhn d

]rdnosd Ahgrdcotìörjhn Ahgrdcotìörjhnd d

Cheorì go che` y` quokr`gd

Ihxhvh`nhþe

Ndecheunhþe, oe cdihed ^@J

Oxtr`nnhþe pdr ^divoetos

[ocdihoeg` oe cdihed go kdi`s

Nocoet`nhþe Bidt`nhþe [ogunnhþe nde j`sos Ndenoetr`gd Bhitr`gd

@zubro

û`vhz`gd, oihche`nhþe go @s y ^k

Vhen

Gospi`t`gd, oihche`nhþe go @j y @u

Nìnhd C`jeoshd Nidrurd go ]idcd ^ds` Nùsthn`

Nrhstìhz`nhþe ]ronhpht`nhþe quãchn`

Bueghnhþe, Gosndkrhz`gd

@hro

R`nãd

Oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe

Goszhen`gd nde sds` Goskhcuthz`gd [obhe`gd, oihche`nhþe go Nd y Cj

Bhjur` 0. ]rdnosd phrdcotìörjhnd o ahgrdcotìörjhnd p`r` i` dktoenhþe go ]k.

:

.

KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

0.>.0 Ahgrdcotìurjh` vorsus ]hrdcotìurjh`.

Oe ids öithcds nhenuoet` `ðds, i` Ahgrdcotìurjh` a` ost`gd ndcphthoegd oe bdrc` oxhtds` nde i` ]hrdcotìurjh`. Èst` buo cuy obonthv` nuègd progdche`kè i`s ìt`s ioyos y ids cheorìos so n`rj`kè ghront`coeto oe ìtds adreds go thpd vorthnì, oe bdrc` go trdzds< ids quo gof`kè p`s`r ids j`sos ` tr`vès go oiids porchthoegd, go os` cèor`, pronìoet`r i` n`rj` oe ndetr`ndrrhoeto. \7S ^he ock`rjd, nuègd osds cheorìos ndcoez`rde ` `jdt`rso, ` bheìos goi ^hjid QHQ, ids cotìurjhst`s tuvhorde quo oebroet`r cheorìos go càs k`f`s ioyos quo roquorãè go ue` prondenoetr`nhþe eonos`rh`coeto hendrpdr` go ue` ot`p` go naèn`gd y cdihoeg`, p`r` porchthr i` sop`r`nhþe bãshn` go i`s p`rtãnui`s cheorìhz`g`s, p`rthnui`rcoeto nuègd i` ndenoetr`nhþe so a`no pdr bidt`nhþe. Nde oi cheorì bhe`coeto cdihgd, y` ed so pdgãè us`r ids èthjuds adreds go thpd vorthnì, id quo ghd drhjoe ` ids adreds adrhzdetìos go rovorkord, quo roquhoroe go buoetos oxtore`s go ndckusthkio p`r` pdgor dpor`r. @ su voz, ostd prdvdnþ ue prhcor y jrè ndebihntd nde oi `ckhoeto puos ids adreds go rovorkord, `gocàs go ndesuchr ue` jrè nèthg`g go oeorjã` oxtore`, prdgunoe ue` hetoes` ndet`che`nhþe ndet`che`nh þe ` tr`vès go ids pdivds y j`sos ochthgds nde ids aucds go bueghnhþe. \7S Ostd prdvdnþ ue` oxnoioeto dpdrtuehg`g p`r` i` `pihn`nhþe go i` Ahgrdcotìurjh`, y` quo io porchthþ ndcpothr oe bdrc` cuy obhn`z nde ids prdnosds go i` ]hrdcotìurjh`. \7S @ijue`s go i`s voet`f`s y gosvoet`f`s roi`thv`s go i` Ahgrdcotìurjh` y go i` ]hrdcotìurjh` puogoe gost`n`rso ndcd shjuo6 Joeor`nhþe go ^D; gosproeghgd so oenuoetr` oe ndenoetr`nhdeos ìt`s, so

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puogo prdgunhr ànhgd ` p`rthr go èi, p`r` oi nuì, proboroetocoeto, gokorà oendetr`rso oe ue corn`gd nornèd, y` quo so trèspdrto os n`rd y nde buortos rostrhnnhdeos go n`ràntor `ckhoetì. ^h ids j`sos go ^D ; sde cuy ghiuhgds, ìjöe cètdgd go tr`t`choetd go oiids goko sor hcpiocoet`gd, id quo 1

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

rosuit` shocpro càs n`rd. I` ìtore`thv` os su ochshþe ` i` `tcþsbor`, id quo `ckhoetìcoeto ady ed ostà porchthgd. ]dr oi ndetr`rhd, pdr vã` ahgrdcotìörjhn` ed so prdguno ^D ; y oi `zubro puogo, ovoetuìcoeto, ronupor`rso oe su bdrc` oiocoetì, oi quo so puogo `ndph`r d trèsbdrc`r ` càs k`fd ndstd quo oi ànhgd suibörhnd. Ndesucd go oeorjã`6 G`gd qquo uo oe ]hrdcotìurjh` so roquhoro go

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tocpor`tur`s ìt`s, goi drgoe go ids 0;== ½N, i`s voidnhg`gos go ro`nnhþe sde cuy ìt`s, pord ostd gocèg` k`stèto oeorjã`. Oe n`ckhd, oe i`s pièt`s ahgrdcotìörjhn`s pdr ue i`gd oi usd go ndckusthkio so chehchz`, g`gd quo i`s tocpor`tur`s ed suporè a`khtuìcoeto a`kht uìcoeto ids 0==½ N, ùe nuègd i`s voidnhg`gos go ro`nnhþe sde cunad càs ioet`s. Wr`t`choetd go cheorìos go cuy k`f` iioy6 oy6 Gobhehthv`coeto i`s k`f`s ioyos

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porfughnè càs ` ids tr`t`choetds phrdcotìörjhnds, y` quo ed so puogoe tr`t`r ghront`coeto ids cheorìos y ids prdnosds go ndenoetr`nhþe provhds ocphozè ` sor n`g` voz càs n`rds, nuègd k`fè i`s ioyos go n`koz`, ì toeor quo cdior n`g` voz càs c`torhì p`r` dktoeor ue` chsc` pdrnhþe goi cotì `potonhgd. Oe n`ckhd, sh so nuoet` nde ue ro`nthvd go ihxhvh`nhþe subhnhoetocoeto soionthvd, so puogoe tr`t`r cheorìos go ioyos n`g` voz càs k`f`s oe bdrc` ghront` y obhnhoeto. \7S

8

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

0.>. 0. >.; ; ]rdnosd Ahgrdc Ahgrdcotìörjhn otìörjhn d. I` othcdidjã` go i` pì`kr` ’ahgrdcotìurjh`– prdvhoeo go i` r`ãz ’ahgrd–, quo

soðì` nde ni`rhg`g quo ost` ghsnhpihe` go i` Cotìurjh` Oxtr`nthv` tr`t` goi `rto y i` nhoenh` go i` oxtr`nnhþe go cotìos, gosgo sus cheorìos d c`torhìos quo ids ndethoeoe, ` tr`vès go coghds `nudsds. \7S Oe joeorì, i` Ahgrdcotìurjh` so gos`rrdii` oe tros ot`p`s bãshnd-quãchn`s ghsthet`s y sonuoenhìo s onuoenhìos6 s6 ]rhcor` ot`p` go ghsdiunhþe soionthv` go ids cotìos gosgo ids sþihgd sþihgdss quo

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ids ndethoeoe coghèto ue` sdiunhþe `nuds`< ost` ot`p` so ndedno nde oi edckro go ihxhvh`nhþe. ôjueg` ot`p` go prdnos`choetd y trèsbdrc`n trèsbdrc`nhþe hþe go ids cotìos ghsuoitds

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oe oi coghd `nudsd go ihxhvh`nhþe coghèto `joetos oxtoreds quo porchtoe i` purhbhn`nhþe y/d ndenoetr`nhþe ndenoetr`nhþe go ostds cotìos, `öe oe sdiunhþe `nuds`. Wornor` ot`p` go ronupor`nhþe soionthv` go ids vìdros cotàihnds ghsuoitds

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oe oi coghd `nudsd, ndednhg` ndcd rogunnhþe, oe i` quo so dkthoeo oi cotì d ue ndcpuostd quo id ndethoeo, oe i` bdrc` go ue prdguntd sþihgd. \7S @ntuìcoeto oxhstoe tros jrupds go pdshkhihg`gos tènehn`s p`r` iiov`r ` n`kd i` rogunnhþe. 0) Oiontrþihshs go i` sdiunhþe dktoehg dktoehg`. `. ;) [ogunnhþe goi cotì pdr coghd go j`sos ndcd A;, ^D; y ND. >) [ogunnhþe goi cotì d ndcpuostd oe sdiunhþe pdr coghd go dtrd cotì, oi nuì roguno ì hde go hetorès y osto so dxhg` p`sègd ` i` sdiunhþe, osto prdnosd so ndedno ndcd nocoet`nhþ nocoet`nhþe. e.

0=

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

7) Dtr` ìtore`thv` sorh` dktoeor ndcpuostds ` p`rthr go i` sdiunhþe pdr6 n`ckhd goi pA go i` sdiunhþe, pdr nrhstìhz`nhþe, oxtr`nnhþe nde sdivoetos o hetorn`ckhd hþehnd y `gocàs pdr nocoet`nhþe. \2S 0.>.> ]ronhpht`nhþe pdr Oiontrþihshs.

I` pronhpht`nhþe pdr rogunnhþe oiontrdiãthn`, ndcöecoeto ndednhg` ndcd oiontrd-dktoenhþe d oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe (OZ), os `ntuìcoeto ued go ids prdnoghchoetds càs soenhiids p`r` ronupor`r cotìos, oe bdrc` pur` y soionthv`, rospontd ` i`s hcpuroz`s oxhstoetos oe sdiunhþe. û n`r`ntorãsthn` prhenhpì r`ghn` oe quo oi cotì y` ostà oe i` sdiunhþe y sdi`coeto so tr`t` go ronupor`rid gopdshtàegdid oe oi nàtdgd, choetr`s oe àedgd os osoenhìcoeto hesdiukio. Oe i` `ntuìhg`g thoeo ue` jrè hcpdrtènh` ondeþchn`, ì porchthr oi koeobhnhd go ronursds ihxhvh`rios, tètd go drd, ndcd go ndkro, pi`t`, otn., nuyd tr`t`choetd pdr dtr`s vã`s rosuit`rã` ondeþchn`coeto hevh`kio. \7S ^dkro ue` k`so go tdeoi`fo go prdgunnhþe, i` tènehn` go ronupor`nhþe go cotì càs uthihz`gd (` p`rthr go sdiunhdeos `nuds`s) os i` oiontrþihshs. I` oiontrþihshs os i` ronupor`nhþe go ue cotì go ue` sdiunhþe coghèto oi usd go ndrrhoeto oièntrhn`. \7S _e` noig` oiontrdiãthn` goko ndetoeor nu`trd ndcpdeoetos osoenhìos6 `) ue` suporbhnho goi àedgd, gdego so prdguno i` dxhg`nhþe, k) ue` suporbhnho goi nàtdgd gdego so prdguno i` rogunnhþe, n) ue ndeguntdr oièntrhnd p`r` trèspdrt`r ndrrhoeto, g) y ue oiontrdihtd oiontrdihtd (ue (ue ndeguntdr ndeguntdr hþehnd). hþehnd). \7S

00

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

0.7 0. 7 Ostugh d ihihxhvh xhvh`nhþe `nhþe go jìoe` nde AE AED D>.

I` Ihxhvh`nhþe nde AED> go ndenoetr`gds y cheorìos suiburdsds os ue cètdgd `tr`nthvd p`r` i` ronupor`nhþe go cotìos kàshnds, gokhgd ` quo oi AED> os ue buorto `joeto ihxhvhèto y osto puogo sor bànhicoeto ronhni`gd pdr i` `ghnhþe go dxhjoed (D) ghront`coeto oe i` cozni` go ihxhvh`nhþe ihxhvh`n hþe d usègd ue` dxhg`nhþe oxtore` go þxhgd ehtrdsd (ED). R`rhds cètdgds k`s`gds oe oi AED > p`r` oi prdnos`choetd go ndenoetr`gds y cheorìos go cotìos ed-borrdsds aè shgd prdpuostds y ox`che`gds. _e hcpdrtèto gobontd go i` ihxhvh`nhþe go ànhgd eãtrhnd os i` dxhg`nhþe goi `zubro ndetoehgd oe i` jìoe` ` `zubro oiocoetì y suib`td, oe cunads go ids n`sds oe p`rtos hjuìos. Ostd rosuit` oe ue henrocoetd goi ndesucd go AED > y i` eonoshg`g go us`r oi suib`td, ùcoetègd oi ndstd goi tr`t`choetd go i` sdiunhþe y i` rojoeor`nhþe goi ànhgd. \:S I` nheèthn` y oi conèhscd go ghsdiunhþe go suiburds cotàihnds oe ànhgd eãtrhnd, `sã ndcd i` bdrc`nhþe go `zubro oiocoetì y suib`tds os pdnd ndcproeghgd. ô puogo ost`kionor quo i` prdgunnhþe go suib`tds ùcoet` nde oi henrocoetd go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go AED> y oi pdtoenhì goi oiontrdgd go ids cheorìos, choetr`s oi `zubro oiocoetì os dxhg`gd ` suib`td cuy ràphg`coeto. \:S Oi ndcpdrt`choetd goi suiburd go pidcd (]k^) oe sdiunhdeos go AED> a` ronhkhgd cuy pdn` `toenhþe. ]otors y Rhzsdiyh (0828). \:S ]rdpushorde quo i` quãchn` go ihxhvh`nhþe go jìoe` nde ànhgd eãtrhnd ostà g`g` pdr6 >]k^ + 1AED> ↛ >]k(ED>); + ;ED(j) + 7A;D + ^½ …………………………………. (0) I` oiontrdrobhe`nhþe goi pidcd gosgo sdiunhdeos go ehtr`td ed os tè ghront` ndcd os i` oiontrdrobhe`nhþe go Nu d Ve go sdiunhdeos go suib`tds. A`y gds ndcpihn`nhdeos6 0. Oi pidcd ed sdid so gopdsht` oe oi nàtdgd ndcd cotì, t`ckhèe oe oi àedgd ndcd ]kD;. 0;

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

]k;+ + A;D ↛]kD; + 7A+ + ;Ğ……………………….……………………………..….( ;) ;. Oi ànhgd eãtrhnd roguno ì nàtdgd y puogo roghsdivorso ids gopþshtds go pidcd nuègd ids ndetoehgds go ànhgd oxnogoe ids 0= i -0 (=.01 C). \:S 0.? 0.? Kdrdahg rurd go sdghd (E (E`KA `KA7).

Ids kdrdahgrurds cotàihnds y ìnìheds sde ids càs hcpdrtètos ahgrurds ndcpiofds. Oiids sde hþehnds, kiènds, nrhstìheds sde cuy soeshkios s oeshkios ` i` aucog`g aucog`g,, pord ed ì dxãjoed. \1S Oi E`KA7 os tèrchn`coeto ost`kio, os ue sþihgd nrhstìhed quo so gosndcpdeo oe v`nãd ìrogogdr go ids 7== ½ N. Os ahjrdsnþphnd y `ksdrko `ju` ràphg`coeto go i` aucog`g goi cot`kdr`td go sdghd o ahgrþjoed. Os sdiukio oe ghboroetoss thpds go sdivoetos heniuyoegd `ju`, ìndadi ghboroeto ìndadios, os, `cdeh`nd y `bhe`s, jihndiètoros, ghcothi suibþxhgd, otn. \1S Oi E`KA7 y LKA7 sde öehnds go oetro ids ahgrurds ndcpiofds, gokhgd ` quo sde ost`kios oe sdiunhdeos ìnìhe`s. I` gosndcpdshnhþe pdr ahgrþihshs shjuo i` shjuhoeto ro`nnhþe6 E`KA7 + ; A;D ↛ E`KD; + ;A;…………………………………..……….…..….……(>) Ost` ro`nnhþe os ioet` oe `ju`, pord os `noior`g` pdr oi henrocoetd go `nhgoz d tocpor`tur`. I` r`zþe go gosndcpdshnhþe go E`KA7 oe sdiunhþe nde `ju` os osthc`g` pdr i` shjuhoeto onu`nhþe onu`n hþe quo oxpros` i` vhg` cogh` oe tèrcheds go gds go i`s càs hcpdrtèto hcpdrtètoss v`rh`kios, pA y tocpor`tur`. tocpor`tur`. \1S idj t0/; 3 pA „ (=.=>7W „0.8;)………………………………………………… ..………..(7) gdego t0/; os oe cheutds y i` tocpor`tur` oe L. I`s sdiunhdeos go E`KA7 oe cotèdi ostàe sufot`s ` ue` ro`nnhþe shchi`r go gosndcpdshnhþe quo oevuoivo ì ahgrþjoed< ost`s sdiunhdeos puogoe sor ost`khihz`g`s `jrojègd àinìhs. I` sdiukhihg`g goi E`KA7 oe ìndadios ìhbàthnds

0>

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KK

@EWONOGOEWO^

gonrono ndebdrco i` n`goe` go n`rkdeds ùcoeto, ùequo i` ost`khihg`g so vo henrocoet`g`. \1S

0.?. 0. ?.0 0_ _sds sds goi kdrd ahgr ahgrurd urd g o sdghd (E (E`KA `KA7).

Oi kdrdahgrurd go sdghd prdvoo go ue` obhnhoeto rocdnhþe y ronupor`nhþe go cotìos ghsuoitds oe `ju`s roshguìos go pièt`s hegustrhìos gosgo coe`s, p`sègd pdr pièt`s go ronupor`nhþe go Aj pdr nidrd ìnìhed, ronupor`nhþe go ]k go `ju`s tr`t`g`s nde totròthipidcd, `ju`s go gosonad go pièt`s go cèub`ntur`. Osto cètdgd go pronhpht`nhþe pronhpht`nh þe porchto i` ronupor`nhþe y oi ronhni`fo go cotìos vìhdsds, tìos ndcd pi`t`, drd, cotìos edkios y oe joeorì nuìquhor thpd go cotì \1S

go hcpdrtènh` ondeþchn`. 0.2 0.2 Ndestrunnhþe go gh`jr`c` gh`jr`c`ss g o ghstrhku nhþe go osponhos. osponhos.

I` tènehn` us`g` p`r` gotorche`r ids gh`jr`c`s go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos puogo sor hiustr`gds usègd oi shstoc` pidcd ehtr`td. A`y nhend osponhos `nuds`s quo puogoe ost`r prosoetos oe oi shstoc`6 ]k;+ , ]kED>+ , ]k(ED> ); , ]k(ED> )>- y ;-

]k(ED> )7 . \:S

Oe oi shstoc`, i` ndenoetr`nhþe tdtì go osponhos go pidcd ostà g`g` pdr6 S…………………(2) \]kHHS 3 \]k;+S + \]kED>+ S +\]k(ED> ); S + \]k(ED> )>- S +\]k(ED> );7 ]`r` n`g` osponho, i` ro`nnhþe oetro pidcd y ehtr`td puogo osnrhkhrso6 ;+

-

+

]k + ED> ↛ ]kED> …………………………………………………… ..………….…(:) ;+

-

]k + ;ED> ↛ ]k(ED> ); ……………………………………………… .…………..….(1) ;+

-

-

]k + >ED> ↛ ]k(ED> )> …………………………………………………………...… (8) ]k;+ + 7ED-> ↛ ]k(ED> );7 ……..…………………………………… .………….…….(0=)

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@EWONOGOEWO^

KK

X p`r` n`g` ue` go ost`s ro`nnhdeos, i` ndestèto go oquhihkrhd Le puogo sor nìnui`g` go i` oeorjã` ihkro ostàeg`r go i` ro`nnhþe us`g`6 ∂J½ 3 -[W He (Le)………………………..………………………………………….( 00)

Oe oquhihkrhd6 L0 3

L; 3

\

+

]kED> S ;+

\]k S

\ED>

S

……………………….………………….…………………..…….…(0;)

\]k(ED> ); S ;+

-

\]k S \ED>

.….…………………………………………………….…..…….…(0>)

S;

> )> S L> 3 \]k(ED ..…………………….………………………………………..….…(07) ..…………………….………………………………………..….…(07) ;+ - > \]k S \ED> S

.

;-

L7 3

\]k(ED> )7 S ;+

- 7

\]k S \ED> S

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..

……… …………………………………… …………………………………… ……………..…….…(0?) ……………..…….…(0?)

I`s nuìos puogoe rodrgoe`rso oe i` pdrnhþe go n`g` osponho ndcd ue` +

buenhþe go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k; y ED-> . \]kED+> S 3 L0 \]k;+S \ED-> S………………………………………..…………………..(0 2) \]k(ED> ); S 3 L; \]k;+ S \ED-> S;……..……………………………..…………………..(0 :)

S

\]k(ED> )-> S3 L> \]k;+ S \ED-> >………………………….………….…………………..(0 1)

\

S3 L7 ]k;+S \ED-> S7……..…..……………………………………………..(0 8) \]k(ED> );7 Oetdenos, susthtuyoegd i`s onu`nhdeos (02) „ „(0:) goetrd go i` onu`nhþe (2) ( 2) g` i` ndenoetr`nhþe go pidcd tdtì oe oi shstoc` ndcd buenhþe go {]k;+} y oi pED>- . \]kHHS3(]k;+)+L0(]k;+) ED-> )+L;(]k;+)(ED>- );+L>(]k;+)(ED>- )>+L7(]k;+)(ED>- )7...(;=)



0?

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@EWONOGOEWO^

KK

+

B`ntdrhzègd y ghvhghoegd pdr {]k; } g` i` br`nnhþe go hdeos oe buenhþe go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go ehtr`tds, pdr ofocpid, p ED-> . +

0 \]k; S 3 …………………..…….…(;0)   …………………..…….…(;0) -7 - ; HH \]k S \0+L0 ED> +L; ED> +L> ED> > +L7 ED> )

      

S

ûsthtuyoegd osto vìdr goetrd go i`s onu`nhdeos (02) „ „(0:) g` i` br`nnhþe go i`s dtr`s osponhos go pidcd prosoetos oe ue `cpihd rèjd go p ED>- , i`s nuìos so cuostrè oe i` bhjur` ;. \:S

-

Bhjur` ;. Gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos oe buenhþe ì % ghsdiunhþe y pA.

\:S

02

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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

KK

HH. GO^@[[DIID GO^@[[DI ID OQ]O[HCOEW@I ;.0 ;. 0 C` C`torhìos torhìos y ro`nthvd s.

I` t`ki` ; cuostr` c uostr` ids ro`nthvds uthihz`gds gurèto i` oxporhcoet`nhþ oxporhcoet`nhþee nde su rosponthvd pdrnoet`fo go puroz`. W`ki` ;. [o`nthvds us`gds. [o`nt [o` nthvd hvdss

% ]uroz`

C`rn`

@ju` goshdehz`g` Ànhgd Eãtrhnd AED> Kdrdahgrurd go ^dghd E`KA7

28 8:

F. W. K`lor Cìihenlrdgt

Ànhgd Nidraãgrhnd ANi Ehtr`td go ]idcd ]k(ED>); Ànhgd ûibörhnd A;^D7

88 82 81

[oìyt·s Borcdet F. W. K`lor

0:

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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

KK

;.; ;. ; ^diunhd ^diunhdeos eos pr prop`r`g`s. op`r`g`s.

Oe i` W`ki` >, so coenhde` i`s sdiunhdeos quo so uthihz`rde oe ids ghboroetos oxporhcoetds, oxporhcoet ds, `sã ndcd su prop`r`nhþ prop`r`nhþe. e. W`ki` >. ^diunhdeos prop`r`g`s p`r` i` oxporhcoet`nhþe. ^diunhdeos

]rop`r`nhþe

^diunhþe ^hetèthn` 0=== ppc go pidcd ` p`rthr go ehtr`td go pidcd ]k(ED >);

Oe ue c`tr`z go 0 I so `ghnhde` 0.?8 j go ]k(ED>); y >=.;> ci go AED>, so `bdr` nde `ju` goshdehz`g` ` 0 I. ô t`p` y so `jht` a`st` quo so adcdjoehno i` sdiunhþe.

;

^diunhþe ^`tur`g` go ahgrþxhgd go sdghd (E`DA).

Oe ue v`sd go pronhpht`gd `ghnhde`r ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g`, `jroj`r 0;0.>7 j go E`DA (nèthg`g eonos`rh` p`r` idjr`r quo so s`turo i` sdiunhþe). @jht`r.

>

^diunhþe go kdrdahgrurd go sdghd (E`KA7)

Oe > ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` so `jroj` =.77 j go E`KA7 (sojöe roquhor` oi oxporhcoetd) Ror t`ki` ?.

7

^diunhþe go A;^D7

Oe ue c`tr`z `ghnhde`r ;:.0: ci go A;^D7 y `bdr`rid ` ?== ci nde `ju` goshdehz`g`.

0

;.> Ot`p` 06 Eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E`DA.

I` oxporhcoet`nhþe so iiovþ ` n`kd go `nuorgd nde oi shjuhoeto prdnoghchoetd, ndcd so cuostr` oe i`s bhjur`s >, 7 y ?.

01

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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

KK

;.>. ;. >.0 0 ]rhcor` so sonuoen nuoenh` h` go o oxporhc xporhc oet`nhþe , eoutrìhz`nhþe nd e E`D E`DA. A.

EO_W[@IHV@NHÞE NDE E`DA

]`sthii` C`jeèthn`

Oe ue v`sd go pronhpht`gd go 0 I so vhorto ;== ci go i` sdiunhþe 7.

Oe ue c`tr`z jr`gu`gd so vhorto 0 ci go i` sdiunhþe ;, y so `bdr` ` ?= ci nde `ju` goshdehz`g`, so `jht` y so `ksdrko nde ue` kurot`.

ô cdet` oi oquhpd ndcdoesooidksorv` i` bhjur` 2. Ndidnègd i` kurot` sdpdrto oe uehvorsì. ô ndeont` ` i` ndrrhoeto i` p`rrhii` c`jeèthn` ô ndeont` ` i` ndrrhoeto oi dtoenhþcotrd

ô ndidn` oi oiontrdgd goi pdtoenhþcotrd goetrd goi v`sd go pronhpht`gd, ovhtègd quo nadquo nde i` p`sthii` c`jeèthn` ô `kro i` ii`vo go i` kurot`, ndetrdiègd quo i` sìhg` go i` sdiunhþe so` ue jdtod ndestèto.

Nuègd oe oi pdtoenhþcotrd so rojhstro ue n`ckhd oe i` iontur` goi pA, so tdc` edt`, `sã chscd goi vdiucoe gospi`z`gd oe i` kurot`. Bhjur` >. ]`sds pdr sojuhr oe i` prhcor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe, eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E`DA.

08



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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

KK

;.>. ;. >.; ;^ ôjueg` ojueg` sonuoenh sonuoenh` ` go oxporhcoet`nhþ e, go rogunnhþ e nde E`KA7. [OG_NNHÞE NDE E`KA7 ô `jroj` i` p`sthii` c`jeèthn`

Oe ue v`sd go pronhpht`gd so `ghnhde` ;== ci go i` sdiunhþe 0. ô cdet` oi oquhpd ndcd . id cuostr` i` Bhj. : y so prdnogo ` ndeont`r ` i` ndrrhoeto oièntrhn` oi pdtoenhþcotrd. ô pos` i` nèthg`g go kdrdahgrurd ndrrospdeghoeto (vor t`ki` ?) so vhorto oe ue vhgrhd go roidf y so `jroj` > ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` p`r` i` ghiunhþe go osto. Nde ue` forhej` so `ksdrko oi E`KA7 ndrrospdeghoeto ` n`g` oxporhcoetd

ô `jroj` ioet`coeto oe oi v`sd go pronhpht`gd quo ndethoeo i` sdiunhþe

ô tdc` i` iontur` go pA hehnhì d so `fust` oi pA sojöe oi oxporhcoetd (vor t`ki` ?). ]`r` cdghbhn`r oi pA. Oe ue jdtord so `ghnhde` i` sdiunhþe ;, oe gds ghiunhdeos 0 oe ? ci y dtr` go 0 oe 0= ci go `ju` goshdehz`g`. ô `ghnhde` jdt` pdr jdt` i` sdiunhþe 0 a`st` iioj`r ì pA `gonu`gd

0. ô bhitr`, so son` y pos` oi roshgud. I` sdiunhþe rostèto so èìhz` oe oi ospontrdbdtþcotrd go `ksdrnhþe `tþchn`. Bhjur` 7. ]`sds pdr sojuhr oe i` sojueg` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe, rogunnhþe nde E`KA7.

;=

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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

;.>. ;. >.> > Wo Wornor` rnor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nh oxporhcoet`nhþe, þe, oiontrdgopd sht`nh sht`nhþe þe go ]k.

OIONW[DGO]D^HW@NHÞE GO ]IDCD ]`r` oi oxporhcoetd 01 tdc`r 0== ci go i` sdiunhþe 0 y `ghnhde`rid oe oi ro`ntdr nde cockrè` goi i`gd goi àedgd y tdc`r 0== ci go i` sdiunhþe 7, gopdshtàegdi` oe oi i`gd goi nàtdgd. ]`r` oi oxporhcoetd 08 so hevhortoe ids n`kios goi àedgd y nàtdgd. ]`r` ids shjuhoetos oxporhcoetds sdid so uthihz`rà 0?= ci go i` sdiunhþe 0.

@ghnhde`r i`s sdiunhdeos oe oi ro`ntdr   ô ndidn` oi ro`ntdr oe oi sdpdrto uehvorsì y ids oiontrdgds (Bhjur` 1) Oenoegor i` buoeto go pdgor.

]`r` oi oxporhcoetd ;=-;? tdc`r 0?= ci go i` sdiunhþe 0 y `ghnhde`ri` oe oi ro`ntdr she cockrè`.

[othr`r oi oiontrdgd (àedgd) y ghiuhr id quo quogþ gopdsht`gd oe > ci go ANi.

[othr`r oi oiontrdgd (nàtdgd) y ghiuhr id quo quogþ gopdsht`gd oe > ci go ANi

@fust`r i`s ndeghnhdeos sojöe oi oxporhcoetd (vor t`ki` ?).

Wdc`r oi thocpd y n`g` >= che trèsnurrhgds tdc`r ue` cuostr` go >ci go i` nàc`r` goi ro`ntdr. ô ju`rgè i`s sdiunhdeos ghiuhg`s p`r` pdstorhdrcoeto èìhz`ri`s oe oi ospontrdbdtþcotrd go `ksdrnhþe `tþchn`.

I` cuostr` so ghiuyo oe 0 oe 0= ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` y so rophto ost` chsc` ghiunhþe. Bhjur` ?. ]`sds pdr sojuhr go i` tornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k.

;0

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GO^@[[DIID OQ]O[HCOEW@I

Bhjur` 2. [oprosoet`nhþe goi cdet`fo

Bhjur` :. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go

goi Oquhpd (]rhcor` sonuoenh` go

E`KA7 oe i` ^diunhþe 0 (ôjueg`

oxporhcoet`nhþe).

sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe).

.

Bhjur` 1. [oprosoet`nhþe goi cdet`fo goi oquhpd, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe (Wornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe).

;;

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;.7 ;. 7N Ndeg deghnhd hnhd eos go i`s oxporhcoet`nhde os.

I` t`ki` 7 cuostr` ids g`tds go i`s ndeghnhdeos y v`rh`kios go n`g` oxporhcoetd. W`ki` 7. ôrho go oxporhcoetds nde sus v`rh`kios.

Obontd goi pA

Obontd go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k

Obontd goi posd oe jr`cds go E`KA7

Cockrè` Whocpd Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go pA Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe goi `cpor`fo

]rhcor` sonuoenh` go oxpor hcoet`nhþe, hcoet`nhþe, eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E` E`DA DA Ndenoetr`nhþe go Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr`nhþe go Oxporhcoetd pA @cpor`fo @cpo r`fo ]k (j/i) E`KA7 go A;^D7 0 0 0.= ôjueg` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe, rogunnhþe nde E` E`KA KA 7 ; 0.= =.? 0.=* > 0.= =.? >.= 7 0.= =.? >.? ? 0.= =.? ?.= 2 0.= =.? ?.? : 0.= =.? 2.= 1 0.= =.? 2.? 8 0.= =.? :.= 0= ;.= 0.= >.= 00 >.= 0.? >.= 0; 7.= ;.= >.= 0> ?.= ;.? >.= 07 0.= 0.= >.= 0? 0.= 0.? >.= 02 0.= ;.= >.= 0: 0.= ;.? >.= Wornor` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k 01 0.= 0.= 08 0.= 0.= ;= 0.= 0.= ;0 0.= ;.= ;; 0.= ;.? ; ;> 7 ;?

0 0..= = 0.=

--

> >..= = >.=

-

-

0.= 0.= -

=.0 =.0 =.0 =.0 =.0

--

.0? ==.0 =.;

;>

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

HHH. [O^_IW@GD^ [O^_IW@ GD^ X @EÀIH^H^ @EÀI H^H^ Oe ost` oxporhcoet`nhþe so dktuvd oi ndcpdrt`choetd go i`s osponhos go pidcd ì v`rh`r oi pA `ghnhdeègd E`DA. >.0 Eoutrìhz`nhþe nde E`DA. Id quo protoego i` oxporhcoet`nhþe 0, os hgoethbhn`r i`s osponhos quo so vè eoutrìhzègd ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA gègd pdr obontd i` v`rh`nhþe go pA y bdrc`nhþe go i`s osponhos go ]k. Oe oi jràbhnd 0 so dksorv` i`s tros prhcor`s osponhos6 ]k(ED> )>- , ]k(ED>); y ]kED>+. ]`r` toeor ue oebdquo go n`g` ue` càs `goièto so gos`rrdii`rà.

R`rh`nhþe go pA 0.>? 0.>= 0.;? 0.;=    A0.0?   p

0.0= 0.=? 0.== =.8? =.=

?=.=

0==.=

0?=.=

;==.=

;?=.=

>==.=

ci go E`DA

Jràbhnd 0. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); -

+

(0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED> )> , ]k(ED>); y ]kED> .

;7

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E`DA.. >.0. >. 0.0 0N Ndcp dcpdrt`ch drt`choetd oetd goi ndc piofd ]k(ED> )-> nde i` `ghnhþ e go E`DA

R`rh`nhþe go pA 0.>= 0.;? 0.;=    A0.0?   p

0.0= 0.=?

0.==

=

;=

7=

2=

1=

0==

0;=

ci go E`DA

Jràbhnd ;. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); -

(0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED> )> y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd.

Oe oi jràbhnd ;, so dksorv` quo oi pA go 0.07 (hehnhì) gosnhoego ` 0.=?, j`stègd ?= ci go E`DA, ostd so goko ` quo oxhsto ue` gosndcpdshnhþe go i`s osponhos. @pdyàegdso oe i` bhjur` 7 gdego so cuostr` quo y` ed oxhsto i` osponho

gosndcpdsh nhþe go ]k(ED> )>- y go ]k(ED> );7- , pdr id nuì so goguno quo so goko ` i` gosndcpdshnhþe i` sdiunhþe so vuoivo c`s ànhg` gokhgd ` i` bdrc`nhþe go ànhgd eãtrhnd, os pdr ost` r`zþe quo oxhsto oi gonrocoetd oe oi pA. @ ndetheu`nhþe, osto pA so cèthoeo nde i` `ghnhþe 7= ci go E`DA. Osto boeþcoed so gokhþ ` i` eoutrìhz`nhþe go i` `nhgoz go i` sdiunhþe. _e` voz quo so eoutrìhz` i` `nhgoz so idjr` ue henrocoetd go pA a`st` 0.>= oe ue` cãehc` `ghnhþe go E`DA, gdego ndoxhsto oi ]k(ED> );

.

;?

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

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>.0. >. 0.; ; Ndcpdrt Ndcpdrt`choetd `choetd goi n dcpi dcpiofd ofd ]k(ED>); nde i` `ghnhþ `ghnhþe eg go o E` E`DA DA..

R`rh`nhþe go pA 0.>? 0.>= 0.;? 0.;=    A   p

0.0? 0.0= 0.=? 0.==

8?

00?

0>?

0??

0:?

08?

ci go E`DA

Jràbhnd >. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); (0=== ppc go ]k), p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED >); y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd.

Oe oi jràbhnd > so cuostr` i` sonuoenh` go `ghnhþe go E`DA, so cuostr` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]k(ED ) k`fègd oi pA ` 0.;7, dksorvègd ue` cuy ihjor` > ;

v`rh`nhþe oe oi pA oi nuì so oxpihn` pdr i` eoutrìhz`nhþe go i` sdiunhþe y gosndcpdshnhþe go i` osponho, p`r` bheìcoeto idjr`r i` gosndcpdshnhþe go ost` y oi pA gonrono a`st` ue vìdr go 0.07.

;2

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>.0. >. 0.> >N Ndcp dcpdrt`ch drt`choetd oetd goi ndc ndcpiofd piofd ]kED+> nde i` `ghnhþ `ghnhþe eg go o E` E`DA DA..

R`rh`nhþe go pA 0.;; 0.;= 0.01    A0.02   p

0.07 0.0;

0.0=

;==

;;=

;7=

;2=

;1=

>==

ci go E`DA

Jràbhnd 7. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); +

(0=== ppc go ]k, p`r` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi ]kED> y eoutrìhz`nhþe goi ànhgd.

Oe oi jr`bhnd 7 so dksorv` i` gosndcpdshnhþe go ]kED>+ , oe i` gosndcpdshnhþe go ost` osponho so gotorche` quo, pdr n`g` cdiènui` go ost`, so bdrc` ue` go ehtr`td y ` su voz ue` go ànhgd eãtrhnd, edtàegdso ue` ghscheunhþe oe oi pA, she ock`rjd, osto so v` eoutrìhzègd eoutr` ihzègd ndcd so cuostr` oe oi jr`bhnd jr`bhn d >, gègd ue` sonuoenh` oe bdrc` go osnìþe, oe gdego so gosndcpdeo y so eoutrìhz`. _e` voz quo osto buo gosndcpuostd oe su tdtìhg`g oi pA so henrocoet` oe buenhþe go i` `nhgoz go i` sdiunhþe. Oi ànhgd quo so v` bdrcègd os càs gèkhi y` quo oetro càs so henrocoet` oi pA, i` nèthg`g go ehtr`tds, nùsètos go i` joeor`nhþe go ànhgd, sde n`g` voz coedros.

;:

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>.0. >. 0.7 7N Ndcp dcpdrt`ch drt`choetd oetd goi nd cpiofd ]kDA+ y ]k(DA); nde i` `ghnhþ `ghnhþe e go E`D E`DA. A.

R`rh`nhþe go pA 00.== 0=.== 8.== 1.== :.==    A    p

2.== ?.== 7.== >.== ;.== 0.==

;?=

>?=

7?=

??=

2?=

:?=

ci go E`DA

Jràbhnd ?. Obontd go i` `ghnhþe go E`DA (0/?= ci go `ju`) oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); (0=== ppc go ]k), oe i` bdrc`nhþe goi ]kDA+ y ]k(DA);.

Oe oi jràbhnd ?, ` coghg` quo so henrocoet` oi pA ` rèjds go oetro 2 ` 1 i` sdiunhþe so tdre` kièquhzn`, nde ostd pdgocds ndeniuhr quo so bdrcþ ]kDA+ y` quo ndcd so cuostr` oe oi jr`bhnd ? ` pA go oetro 2 ` 1 so bdrc` oi ]kDA+. Gospuès so dksorv` quo oi pA y` ed ùcoet`, pord ì sojuhr `ghnhdeègd E`DA, so pronhpht` oi sþihgd kièquhznd oe i` bdrc`nhþe go ]k(DA) ;, `pdyègdeds euov`coeto goi jràbhnd ? pdgocds vor ndcd ` ue pA c`ydr go 1 so ocphoz` ` bdrc`r oi ]k(DA);.

;1

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

Bhjur` 8. Gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos go ]k, nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA y osponhos go ]kDA+ y ]k(DA); prosoetos (roìhz`gd nde oi prdjr`c` Cogus`).

;8

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>. ; ] ]ronhph ronhph t`nhþe g o ] ]k k nd nde e E`KA7.

Oe i` sojueg` sonuoenh` go oxporhcoet`nhþe ndeshsto oe i` pronhpht`nhþe go ]k, v`rhègd oi pA, ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k y posd oe jr`cds go E`KA 7. Go `nuorgd nde i` shjuhoeto ro`nnhþe6 E`KA7 + 7]k;+ + ;A;D 3 E`KD; + 7]k= + 1A+ …………………………………… .(;;) >.;.0 >.; .0 Obo Obont ntd dg goi oi pA.

W`ki` ?. Obontd oe i` v`rh`nhþe go pA, oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >); (0=== ppc go ]k). Oxporhcoetd Oxpo rhcoetd

pA Hehnhì

Ndenoetr`nhþe (cj/I)

; > 7 ? 2 : 1 8

0.=: >.= >.? ?.= ?.? 2.= 2.? :.=

=.?7 =.=; =.;7 =.?> =.>0 =.?> =.71 =.>7

Oi pA fuoj` ue p`poi hcpdrtèto oe i` pronhpht`nhþe goi pidcd, y` quo `bont` ` i` osponh`nhþe go ids ndcpuostds go pidcd. Ids oxporhcoetds so aè roìhz`gd p`r` `vorhju`r oi pA þpthcd p`r` c`xhchz`r i` ronupor`nhþe ronupor`n hþe go pidcd oe i` sdiunhþe. Oe ost` ot`p` so roìhz`rde pruok`s gdego so v`rh`k` oi pA go i` sdiunhþe go rèjd go 0.=: (pA e`turì go i` sdiunhþe) a`st` oi pA go :, ids rosuit`gds so dksorvè oe i` t`ki` 2. ô joeorþ A;, gokhgd ` i` gosndcpdshnhþe goi E`KA7 ` kdr`td oe `ju`, oi nuì os rospdes`kio go i` rogunnhþe goi hde pidcd.

>=

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

ô ìnèzþ ue` ìt` obhnhoenh` prosoet`g` pdr oi shstoc`, idjrègd ronupor`nhdeos càxhc`s oe nuìquhor pA. ^he ock`rjd, oe tdg`s i`s oxporhcoet`nhdeos ostuvd `rrhk` goi iãchto porchshkio. Ostd so puogo gokor prhenhpìcoe to ` i` `nhgoz go i` sdiunhþe, y` quo i` ro`nnhþe so rohevhorto roquhrhoegd prhenhpìcoeto roquhrho egd quo i` ot`p` go sop`r`nhþe pdr bhitr`nhþe so` ràphg`. ô tdcþ adf`s p`poi bhitrd nde c`ydr t`c`ðd go pdrd y gokhgd ` ostd so pughorde p`s`r p`rtãnui`s go pidcd coedros quo ed so quog`rde oe oi p`poi bhitrd y so p`s`rde ` i` sdiunhþe rosdivhèegdso. ô rondchoeg` g`r ue` sojueg` d tornor` ot`p` go bhitr`nhþe. @ pA go 2 so dksorvþ quo oi pidcd ocphoz` ` pronhpht`r ndcd ahgrþxhgd go pidcd y ` pA go : i` c`ydrã` go i` pronhpht`nhþe buo ahgrþxhgd go pidcd. Oi pronhpht`gd go ahgrþxhgd go pidcd so io `jroj` ue` nèthg`g go ànhgd buorto ndcd oi AED>, oi n`thþe ahgrþjoed eoutrìhz` ì èhþe ahgrdxhid (prdguntd go i` ahgrþihshs goi èhþe go i` sì osn`s`coeto sdiukio) nde id nuì ids oquhihkrhds so gospi`zè a`nh` i` gorona`. Ostd hcpihn` i` ghsdiunhþe goi pronhpht`gd. Os pdr osd pdr id quo i` ro`nnhþe vuoivo ` bdrc`r pidcd. I` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd os þpthc` oe rèjds go pA hetorcoghds go > ` >.?, pdr id nuì so tdc` osto pA go > p`r` i`s shjuhoetos oxporhcoet`nhdeos.

>.;. >. ;.; ; Obo Obontd ntd oe i` v`rh`nhþ v`rh`nhþe e go i` nde noetr noetr`nhþe `nhþe g o ]k.

W`ki` 2. Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k, oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k). Oxporhcoetd > 0= 00 0; 0>

Ndenoetr`nhþe go pidcd (j/I) 0 ; > 7 ?

Ndenoetr`nhþe (cj/I) =.=;= =.07= =.0:= =.018 0.21: >0

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KK

[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

Go `nuorgd nde i` ghsnushþe ètorhdr y ì gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos, so ndeshgor` quo, ` ue pA go >, i` osponho quo so dkthoeo os ]k;+ pdr id nuì so gonhgo tdc`r osto vìdr p`r` dksorv`r oi obontd go i` ndenoetr`nhþe go pA. I` t`ki` 2 prosoet` i`s ronupor`nhdeos go pidcd dktoehg`s ì v`rh`r i` ndenoetr`nhþe go osto. Dksorvègd quo a`y ue` cuy k`f` nèthg`g go pidcd prosoeto oe sdiunhþe p`r` 0 j/I go pidcd, so henrocoet` cuy ihjor`coeto ` coghg` quo so henrocoet` i` ndenoetr`nhþe go pidcd, she ock`rjd, i` obhnhoenh` go rogunnhþe nde kdrdahgrurd shjuo shoegd oiov`g` (88.1% go obhnhoenh`) `öe oe i` sdiunhþe càs ìt`.

Hjuì quo ids oxporhcoetds ètorhdros ndeshgorocds quo oi pidcd roshguì so puogo gokor ì t`c`ðd go i`s p`rtãnui`s quo sde coedros ì pdrd goi p`poi bhitrd dn`shdeègd quo p`soe go euovd ` i` sdiunhþe pdr su roghsdiunhþe.

>.;.> Obontd oe i` v`rh`nhþe go E`KA7.

W`ki` :. Obontd go i` v`rh`nhþe go posd oe jr`cds go E`KA 7, oe ue` sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>); (0=== ppc go ]k). Oxporhcoetd > 07 0? 02 0:

Jr`cds go E`KA7 =.? 0.= 0.? ;.= ;.?

Ndenoetr`nhþe (cj/I) =.=; =.=7 =.>0 =.?= =.2:

Nde rospontd ` i` `ghnhþe go E`KA 7 so prdguno càs ahgrdjoed, i` rogunnhþe go ]k os càs ràphg` pdr id nuì ghscheuyo oi t`c`ðd t` c`ðd go p`rtãnui`, oi pidcd rogun rogunhgd hgd >;

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

os càs bhed. Ndcd id cuostr` cuo str` i` t`ki` :, oe roìhg`g, oi toeor coeds posd po sd go E`KA7 buo oi oxporhcoetd oe oi quo so idjrþ toeor coeds ]k oe sdiunhþe. >.> >. > Oiontr Oiontrdgopds dgopdsht`nhþ ht`nhþ e go ]k.

Oe ost` sorho go oxporhcoetds oi prdpþshtd buo dksorv`r oi ndcpdrt`choetd go i`s osponhos go ]k oe i` noig` go oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe. Ids rosuit`gds dktoehgds so roìhz`rde v`rhègd i`s ndeghnhdeos go cockrè`, thocpd, pA y `cpor`fo. >.>. >. >.0 0 Oiontrdg opdsht opdsht`nhþe `nhþe go ]k oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè` go e`bhþe e`bhþe..

Oe oi jràbhnd 2 so dksorv` oi ndcpdrt`choetd go i` gopdsht`nhþe go pidcd sdkro oi àedgd, ndidnègd osto oe i` nàc`r` go i` sdiunhþe ihxhvh`nhþe y pdstorhdrcoeto oe i` nàc`r` go A;^D7.

Ndcpdrt `choetd go i` o i o n t r d g o p d s h t ` n h þ e g o ]k ] k o e oi oi à e d g d 0==.=== 8=.=== 1=.===   e :=.===    þ    h   n 2=.===   `   r   o ?=.===   p   u   n 7=.===   o    [ >=.===    %

Oxporhcoetd 0 Oxporhcoetd ;

;=.=== 0=.=== =.=== =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpdd (che Whocp (che)) Jràbhnd 2. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè` go e`bhþe y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); oe i` nàc`r` goi àedgd (oxporhcoetd 0) y 0 C go A;^D7 oe i` nàc`r` goi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;).

>>

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

ô tdcþ oi pA sdiunhþe go ehtr`td go pidcd y buo go =.8, ostègd goetrd goi hetorvìd go i`s osponhos eoj`thv`s pdr id tètd so gopdshtþ oi 8:.;:% go þxhgds go pidcd oe i` nàc`r` èþghn`. ô dksorvþ ue` ndidr`nhþe eojr` oe oi àedgd gokhgd ` ostds þxhgds go pidcd. ]dr oi ndetr`rhd, ì oxporhcoetd ; gdego i` nàc`r` èþghn` ndetoeã` i` sdiunhþe go A;^D7 so gopdshtþ tè sþid ;>.1%. I` oxpihn`nhþe go ostd os gokhgd quo i` cockrè` go e`bhþe hcphgo oi trèspdrto go ids èhdeos ` i` nàc`r` go A;^D7 oe oi oxporhcoetd ;, ì ndetr`rhd goi oxporhcoetd 0 gþego oe i` nàc`r` èþghn` ost` i` sdiunhþe go ]kED> porchthoegd ost` gopdsht`nhþe go þxhgds oe oi àedgd, she ock`rjd os hcpdrtèto a`nor edt`r quo i` gopdsht`nhþe go pidcd oe oi àedgd ed ndrrospdego ` nde oi 0=% go i`s osponhos èhþehn`s quo `p`ronoe oe oi gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos (bhjur` 8), ostd pdgrã` oxpihn`rso quo gurèto go gopdsht`nhþe go ids þxhgds go pidcd so ihkor` hde ehtr`td oi nuì ro`nnhde` nde i`s dtr`s osponhos go pidcd ndevhrthèegdi`s ndevhrthèegdi`s oe èhdeos.

Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` o i o n t r d g o p d s h t ` n h þ e g o ]k ] k o e oi oi n à t d g d 0== 8= 1= :=

  e    þ    h   n 2=   `   r   o   p ?=   u   n 7=   o    [ >=    %

Oxporhcoetd 0 Oxporhcoetd ;

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpd Who cpd (che (che)) Jràbhnd :. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè` y sdiunhþe go 0 C go A;^D7 oe i` nàc`r` goi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd 0) y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); oe i` nàc`r` goi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;).

>7

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

Oe oi jr`bhnd : so cuostr` oi ndcpdrt`choetd go i` gopdsht`nhþe goi hde pidcd sdkro oi nàtdgd, dksorvègd ue` k`f` trèsboroenh` go ids n`thdeos ` i` nàc`r` go ànhgd suibörhnd y ndcd so heghnþ ètorhdrcoeto ue` c`ydr gopdsht`nhþe go ids èhdeos go pidcd, ì hevorthr i` pdshnhdeos go ids oiontrdgds oe oi oxporhcoetd ; so idjr` ue` gopdsht`nhþe go pidcd goi :2% vìdr quo ndenuorg` nde i` nèthg`g go n`thdeos quo a`y oe i` sdiunhþe quo ndenuorg` nde oi 1=% goi gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos (bhjur` 8), ostd hcpihn` quo a`y` ue` trèsbdrc`nhþe go èhdeos ` n`thdeos gokhgd pdshkiocoeto ì pdtoenhì `pihn`gd y` quo oi hde ehtr`td so gosndcpdeo ` AED; ihkorègd ì hde pidcd, idjrègd ost` ìt` gopdsht`nhþe go pidcd.

N d c p ` r ` n h þ e g o i ` s d i u n h þ e à e d g h n ` (o (o x p . 0 ) y s d i u n h þ e n à t d g h n ` ; (o (o x p . ;) ;) 0==.== 8=.== 1=.==   e    þ    h   n   `   r   o   p   u   n   o    [    %

:=.== 2=.== ?=.==

Oxporhcoetd 0

7=.==

Oxporhcoetd ;

>=.== ;=.== 0=.== =.== =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpd Who cpd (che (che)) Jràbhnd 1. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe oi ro`ntdr nde cockrè` y sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>);, oe `ck`s nàc`r`s go ids oxporhcoetds.

Oe oi jr`bhnd 1 so dksorv` quo p`r` oi oxporhcoetd ; aukd ue` càs ràphg` gopdsht`nhþe oe ids n`thdeos y oe oi oxporhcoetd 0 buo càs ioet` gokhgd ` i` >?

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

trèsbdrc`nhþe trèsbdrc`n hþe go ids n`thdeos ` hdeos, ùequo buo i` chsc` gopdsht`nh gopdsht`nhþe þe oe `ckds id quo v`rhd buo i` voidnhg`g go ost` gopdsht`nhþe. Oe i`s sdiunhdeos quogþ id quo ed so pugd gopdsht`r oe ids nàtdgds go n`g` ue` go i`s nàc`r`s. Ed buo roìcoeto obonthvd oi oxporhcoetd y` quo i`s osponhos ed p`s`kè `trovos go i` cockrè` os pdr osd pdr id quo sþid so gopdsht`kè oe i` nàc`r` gdego so oendetr`k` i` sdiunhþe go pidcd. ]dr id nuì so gonhghþ ed tr`k`f`r nde cockrè` i`s shjuhoetos sorhos oe ids oxporhcoetds. >.>. >. >.; ; Goto Gotorch rche`nhþ e`nhþe e go thocpd. thocpd .

G ot ot o r c h e ` n h þ e g o t h o c p d 8= 1= :=   e2=    þ    h   n   `   r ?=   o   p   u7=   n   o    [ >=    %

Àedgd Nàtdgd ^diunhþe

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

;?=

>==

>?=

7==

7?=

Whocpd Whoc pd (che (che))

Jràbhnd 8. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, go ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); nde rospontd ì thocpd, pA go =.8 y `cpor`fo go =.0 (oxporhcoetd ;=).

Oi jr`bhnd 8 eds cuostr` os i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd p`r` idjr`r i` c`ydr nèthg`g go pidcd. ]dgocds dksorv`r quo ` ue thocpd oetro ;?= ` >== che so ronupor` `prdxhc`g`coeto tdgd oi pidcd pdrquo càs `goièto ` ids >>= che y` ed v`rã` >2

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

shjehbhn`thv`coeto i` gopdsht`nhþe. Go `nuorgd nde ostds rosuit`gds so gotorcheþ tr`k`f`r oi rostd go i` hevosthj`nhþe cètoehoegd ue thocpd go 01= che. Ost` oxporhcoet`nhþe quo buo ro`ntdr she cockrè` so dktuvhorde rosuit`gds p`ronhgds ` ì oxporhcoetd ; oe i` nàc`r` goi nàtdgd. ]dr ost` r`zþe ids shjuhoetos oxporhcoetds ed so uthihzþ cockrè`. >.>. >. >.> > Obontd goi pA oe i` oiontrdg oiontrdgopdsht opdsht `nhþe go ] ]k. k.

Ids jràbhnds 0=,00 y 0; cuostrè ids rosuit`gds goi ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k v`rhègd oi pA roboroeto ` ids oxporhcoetds ;0, ;; y ;>, nde i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, y a`nhoegd ue` ndcp`r`nhþe oetro ostds, p`r` hgoethbhn`r oi pA càs obhnhoeto p`r` tr`k`f`r.

Obontd goi pA oe oi àedgd 0== 8= 1= :=

  e    þ 2=    h   n   `   r   o ?=   p   u   n 7=   o    [    %

pA ; pA ;.? pA >

>= ;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpd Who cpd (che (che)) Jràbhnd 0=. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k oe n`g` àedgd, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go =.8 ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); y `cpor`fo go =.0.

>:

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

Oe oi jr`bhnd 0= so dksorv` quo roìcoeto oe ehejued go ids tros oxporhcoetds so s o gopdshtþ jrè nèthg`g go pidcd gokhgd ` quo ndcd id aocds vhstd nde ètorhdrhg`g ì henrocoet`r oi pA a`y càs osponhos n`thþehn`s ghscheuyoegd `sã ids èhdeos quo puogè sor gopdsht`gds oe oi àedgd, nde tdgd ostd oe oi pA go > so idjr` i` coedr gopdsht`nhþe oe oi àedgd, tè sþid 0.7;1%, quo ndrrospdego ` id vhstd oe oi gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos (bhjur` 8).

O b o n t d g o i p A o e oi oi n à t d g d 0== 8= 1= :=    þ   e    h   n 2=   `   r   o ?=   p   u   n 7=   o    [ >=    %

pA ; pA ;.? pA >

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpd Whoc pd (che (che))

Jràbhnd 00. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe goi ]k oe oi nàtdgd, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go =.8 ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); y `cpor`fo go =.0.

ô pugo dksorv`r oe oi jràbhnd 00, quo so idjrþ ue` kuoe` gopdsht`nhþe oe ids nàtdgds, shoegd oi go pA go > oi càs obhnhoeto nde 8:.8;%. ostd ro`bhrc` id quo ètorhdrcoeto so ghsnuthþ oe i`s oxporhcoet`nhdeos go kdrdahgrurd y` quo ` ue pA go > os þpthcd p`r` idjr`r henrocoet`r i` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd, y` quo ` osto pA i`s osponhos eoj`thv`s y` ed oxhstoe dktoehoegd ue` ìt` obhnhoenh` oe i` gopdsht`nhþe oe ids nàtdgds. >1

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

Ids tros jràbhnds cuostrè ue ndcpdrt`choetd cuy shchi`r, id quo n`ko rosìt`r os quo, p`r` ue pA go >, ùcoet` i` ronupor`nhþe y i` voidnhg`g go gopdsht`nhþe. @ osto pA dnurro ue` gosndcpdshnhþe goi AED> pdr id nuì y` ed so bdrcè osponhos eoj`thv`s. Ndcd rosuit`gd oe oi nàtdgd dktoeocds i` gopdsht`nhþe go i`chehii`s go ]k;+.

O b on on t d g o i p A o e i ` s d i u n h þ e 0== 8= 1=   e :=    þ    h   n 2=   `   r   o   p ?=   u   n   o 7=    [    % >=

pA ; pA ;.? pA >

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpdd (che Whocp (che)) . Jràbhnd 0;. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe goi ]k oe n`g` sdiunhþe, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go pA go 0.=: ` ;, ;.? y > oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >); y `cpor`fo go =.0.

Oe i`s sdiunhdeos pdgocds dksorv`r oe oi jràbhnd 0; quo, ` ue pA go >, os gdego so dkthoeo oi vìdr càs k`fd go pidcd oe sdiunhþe nde =.2?=%, y` quo tdgd oi pidcd so gopdshtþ oe oi nàtdgd.

>8

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

>.>. >. >.7 7 Obontd goi `cpor`fo oe i` oiontrdg oiontrdgopdsht opdsht `nhþe go ] ]k. k.

Oe ids oxporhcoetds ;> (=.0 @), ;7 (=.0? @) y ;? (=.; @), so roìhzþ i` ndcp`r`nhþe go jràbhnds p`r` dksorv`r oi ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k.

O b o n t d g o i ` c p o r ` f o oe oe o i à e d g d ;.=

0.?   e    þ    h   n   `   r   o   p0.=   u   n   o    [    %

@cpor`fo =.0 @cpor`fo =.0? @cpor`fo =.;

=.?

=.= =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpdd (che Whocp (che)) Jràbhnd 0>. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k oe oi àedgd, oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >);, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, pA go >.

Oe oi jràbhnd 0> so dksorv` quo ed rost` ue` nèthg`g ndeshgor`kio go pidcd oe oi àedgd gokhgd ` quo so roìhzþ ` ue pA go > gþego y` ed oxhstoe ox hstoe ndcp ndcpiofds iofds go pidcd eoj`thvds, `gocàs go quo, ì henrocoet`r oi `cpor`fo, i` rospuost` os quo so gopdsht`r` càs ràphgd oi pidcd oe oi nàtdgd hcphghoegd quo oe oi àedgd oxhst` ìjöe pdrnoet`fo nde vìdr.

7=

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

O b o n t d g o i ` c p o r ` f o o e oi oi n à t d g d 0== 8= 1= :=

  e    þ    h   n 2=   `   r   o ?=   p   u   n 7=   o    [    % >=

@cpor`fo =.0 @cpor`fo =.0? @cpor`fo =.;

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpd Whoc pd (che (che)) Jràbhnd 07. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd, oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED >);, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, pA go >.

Ndcd so dksorv` oe oi jràbhnd 07, id quo p`s` oe ids nàtdgds, os quo ` coghg` quo so henrocoet` oi `cpor`fo sh so gopdsht` càs ràphg`coeto oi pidcd, pord prdvdn` quo oe ost` ràphg` gopdsht`nhþe ed go `gahor` ndcpiot`coeto tdgd oi pidcd oe oi nàtdgd y so dksorvþ oe i` oxporhcoet`nhþe quo oi pidcd so ocpoz`k` ` gopdsht`r oe oi bdegd goi ro`ntdr oe bdrc` sþihg` quo ed so ghsdivã`. Ostd so gokhþ ` rostrhnnhdeos oe oquhpd y` quo euostr`s y` oi àro` goi nàtdgd os poquoð`, pdr oi ghsoðd goi oquhpd y sh so idjr`r` henrocoet`r ost` àro` suporbhnhì so pdgrã` gopdsht`r oi pidcd y so ovht`rã` osto prdkioc` go gosproeghchoetd. ô oendetrþ os` èdcìã` oe i` oxporhcoet`nhþe. ]ord sh b`vdrono i` voidnhg`g go oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe. I` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe buo ràphg`, pord id quo so quogþ oe bdrc` sdihg` oe i` sdiunhþe buo ue` pèrghg` go pidcd quo ed so idjrþ oiontrdgopdsht`r oe oi nàtdgd. 70

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[O^_IW@GD^ X @EÀIH^H^

KK

Obontd goi `cpor`fo oe i` sdiun hþe 0== 8= 1=   e    þ    h   n   `   r   o   p   u   n   o    [    %

:= 2= ?=

@cp =.0

7=

@cp =.0?

>=

@cp =.;

;= 0= = =

?=

0==

0?=

;==

Whocpdd (che Whocp (che)) Jràbhnd 0?. Ndcpdrt`choetd go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue` sdiunhþe (0=== ppc go ]k) go ]k(ED>); y `cpor`fo go =.0, rospontd nde i` v`rh`nhþe go `cpor`fo go =.0, =.0? y =.;, y pA go >.

Oi jràbhnd 0? cuostr` quo oe `cpor`fos k`fds so idjr` toeor oe i` sdiunhþe i` coedr nèthg`g go pidcd. @i henrocoet`r oi `cpor`fo ed so idjr` ue obontd b`vdr`kio oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe goi pidcd y` quo ndcd so dksorv` oe ids jràbhnds ètorhdros, ì toeor c`ydr `cpor`fo ed b`vdrono oe i` voidnhg`g go gopdsht`nhþe.

7;

KK

NDENI_^HDEO^

NDENI_^HDEO^ I` `ghnhþe E`DA ghiuhg` y ndetrdi`g` porchto dktoeor i`s osponhos go pidcd go `nuorgd nde oi gh`jr`c` go ghstrhkunhþe go osponhos, gotorcheègd quo

•

` ue vìdr go pA go > so toegrà sdid n`thdeos. I`s cofdros ndeghnhdeos p`r` ronupor`nhþe go pidcd nde E`KA 7 buorde

•

nde ue pA go >, y E`KA 7 go =.77 j dktoehoegd ue 88.1 % go obhnhoenh`. ô ndeniuyo quo i` nèthg`g go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe ed `bontd i` obhnhoenh` go

•

rogunnhþe, sh so ocpio` i` nèthg`g ostoquhd ostoquhdcètrhn` cètrhn` go E`KA7. Oi ocpiod go i` cockrè` go e`bhþe eedd buo obhnhoeto y` quo ed porchto oi

•

p`sd `gonu`gd go ids hdeos, pdr id nuì ed so uthihzþ. I`s cofdros ndeghnhdeos p`r` i` oiontrdgopdsht` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe nhþe go pidcd sde ` ue pA

•

go > y `cpor`fo go =.0, dktoehoegd 8:.8;% go ronupor`nhþe go pidcd. Henrocoet`r oi `cpor`fo ed b`vdrono i` oiont oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe, rdgopdsht`nhþe, dktoehoegd ue`

•

c`ydr voidnhg`g y obhnhoenh` go gopþshtd ` ue `cpor`fo =.0.

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[OBO[OENH@^ 0) attp6//www.cohetoros`.os/sìug/s`turehscd ;) attp6www.nhoenh`yn`z`.drj/vor >) Kr`y F. Iohjatde, Cotìurjh` Oxtr`nthv` Oxtr`nthv ` go ids Cotìos ed Borrdsds Borrdsds,, Oghnhdeos Hetornhoenh`, C`grhg (0821) >>2->>1. 7) Ostokè C. Chadvhidvhn, Ahgrdcotìurjh Ahgrdcotìurjh`6 `6 Bueg`coetds, ] ]rdnosds rdnosds y @pihn`nhdeos, Ndesofd Cheord go Nahio (;==0) >-8, >?->2, 201. ?) A`k`sah, B` B`tah tah Aègkdd Aègkddll db Oxtr` Oxtr`nthvo nthvo Cotìi Cotìiurjy urjy Rdiuco Rdiucoee HH, Oght Oghtdrhì drhì ZhioyRNA, Zoheaohc (088:) ?1;-?1>. 2) Vkhjehow ^znaofjuoi, Cotìurjh` ed Borrds`, Ihcus` 0ª Oghnhþe, (0817) ;;::, ::, ;10. :) V`r`to Juthèrr Juthèrroz oz [dkortd, Woshs Ostugh Ostughdd Worcdgheà Worcdgheàchnd chnd go Ihxhvh`nhþe go uuee Ndenoetr`gd go Jìoe` ` Oiov`g` ]roshþe y Wocpor`tur` nde Ànhgd Eãtrhnd H]E-O^HPHO (;==:) >?->2, 70, ?0. 1) Buoetos [dcord C`rã` W. Woshs ]ronhpht`nhþe go ]idcd y ]i`t` nde Kdrdahgrurd go ^dghd oe ue Coghd go Ànhgd Eãtrhnd H]E-O^HPHO (;==7) 1-0=.

77

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@]ÈEGHNO W`ki` 1. Oquhpd go vhgrhd y dtrds quo so uthihz`rde oe i`s oxporhcoet`nhdeos.

R`sd go pronhpht`gd

]hpot`s jr`gu`g`s

Rhgrhd go roidf Br`snds Kurot` [o`ntdr C`tr`nos `bdr`gds

Ockugd go bhitr`nhþe Ospàtui` ]`poi bhitrd

Oquhpd go Rhgrhd N`p`nhg`g > ci ;== ci 0I =.? ci 0 ci > ci ;= ci >= ci ?= ci ;== ci ?= ci ;== ci 0?= ci 0= ci ?== ci 0I Dtrds oquhpds y c`torhìo c`torhìoss -

]`sthii` go c`jeèthn` ]`rrhii` @jht`nhþe Oiontrdgd go pi`thed ]dtoenhþcotrd N`kios N`hcèos Buoeto go ]dgor Ospontrdbdtþcotrd go @ksdrnhþe @tþchn` Kìèz` @eìãthn` Cockrè` go e`bhþe ]rdphpot` ^dpdrto uehvorsì Jdtords

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C`rn` LHC@Q LHC@Q LHC@Q C@[HOEBOIG C@[HOEBOIG C@[HOEBOIG ]X[OQ ]X[OQ ]X[OQ ]X[OQ I@KWONA LHC@Q LHC@Q LHC@Q ]X[OQ AO@WA[DZ Za`tcè Aèe` ]tbo ^t`kioWocp Ndeguntrdehn Cotrdehx 70:@-?== ]orlhe Oicor ;== @EG KDOND 7?

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Forhej`

> ci

]i`sthp`l

W`ki` 8. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]k(ED> )>- ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). pA 0.07 0.0; 0.00 0.0= 0.=8 0.=1 0.=: 0.=2 0.=? 0.=7 0.=? 0.=2 0.=: 0.=1 0.=8 0.0= 0.0> 0.>=

Rdiucoe (ci) 7.? 8.= 00.? 0:.= ;7.1 >0.= >:.7 7?.1 ?=.= ?=.7 8=.8 8?.? 8:.1 0==.= 0==.> 0==.7 0==.? 0==.2

W`ki` 0=. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]k(ED >); ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). pA 0.0= 0.0> 0.>= 0.;8 0.;1

Rdiuc Rdiucoe oe (ci) 0==.7 0==.? 0==.2 0=;.; 0=:.8

0.;? 0.;2 0.;? 0.;7 0.;? 0.;7

0::.; 01;.? 01;.2 018.1 018.8 08=.?

0.;: 0.;2

000.: 00?.=

0.;? 0.;7

080.? 080.2 72

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0.;: 0.;2 0.;? 0.;2 0.;? 0.;2 0.;? 0.;2 0.;? 0.;7 0.;? 0.;2 0.;? 0.;2

00?.0 00?.8 008.= 008.2 0;0.= 0;0.0 0;0.? 0;>.? 0>1.> 0>1.7 0?=.= 0:2.8 0::.= 0::.0

0.;> 0.;7 0.;> 0.;7 0.;> 0.;; 0.;> 0.;; 0.;0 0.;= 0.01 0.0? 0.07 0.0?

087.8 08?.= 08:.; 08:.> 08:.7 081.7 081.? 081.2 081.8 088.= 088.; 088.> 088.? ;==.=

W`ki` 00. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ndcpiofd ]kED>+ ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). pA 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0?

Rdiuc Rdiucoe oe (ci) ;=>.: ;=>.1 ;=7.8 ;=?.=

0.0: 0.0: 0.0: 0.01 0.0:

;7?.? ;7?.2 ;7:.0 ;71.; ;?=.=

0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0?

;=?.0 ;=?.7 ;=?.? ;=:.? ;=:.2 ;=1.1 ;=1.8 ;=8.0 ;=8.; ;=8.? ;=8.2 ;=8.: ;=8.1 ;00.1

0.01 0.0: 0.01 0.0: 0.01 0.0: 0.01 0.0: 0.0: 0.0: 0.01 0.0: 0.01 0.0:

;?2.? ;?2.2 ;?1.= ;?8.7 ;?8.? ;?8.: ;?8.1 ;2=.0 ;2=.; ;20.= ;20.; ;20.7 ;22.0 ;2:.1 7:

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0.07 0.0? 0.07 0.0? 0.02 0.0? 0.0? 0.0? 0.02 0.0? 0.02 0.0? 0.02 0.0? 0.02

;00.8 ;0;.2 ;0;.: ;0>.= ;0:.> ;08.0 ;;0.7 ;;0.2 ;;7.; ;;7.> ;;7.7 ;;:.= ;;1.0 ;;1.; ;;8.?

0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.08 0.;=

;:0.? ;:0.2 ;:8.7 ;:8.? ;10.= ;1;.7 ;1>.? ;17.7 ;17.? ;1?.; ;12.? ;12.2 ;8>.; ;87.0 >==.=

W`ki` 0;. Ndcpdrt`choetd goi ]kDA+ y ]k(DA); ndebdrco i` `ghnhþe go E`DA, (oxporhcoetd 0). . pA 0.;= 0.;7

Rdiucoe (ci) >==.== >==.0=

0.:2 0.:: 0.:1

??1.2= ?2=.?= ?27.>=

0.;? 0.;2 0.;: 0.;1 0.;: 0.;1 0.;8 0.;1 0.;8 0.;1 0.;8

>0=.?= >01.;= >;2.?= >>;.7= >>;.?= >>7.1= >70.:= >70.1= >70.8= >7:.2= >7:.:=

0.:8 0.1= 0.10 0.1; 0.1> 0.17 0.1? 0.12 0.1: 0.11 0.18

?2?.?= ?2:.1= ?28.0= ?:;.>= ?:>.:= ?:?.:= ?:1.>= ?:8.?= ?1;.;= ?17.:= ?12.==

0.>= 0.;8

>?=.== >?=.0=

0.8= 0.80

?11.1= ?8=.== 71

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0.;1 0.;8 0.;1 0.>= 0.;8 0.>= 0.>0 0.>= 0.>0 0.>= 0.>0 0.>; 0.>0 0.>;

>?;.0= >?2.7= >?2.?= >2=.1= >2;.?= >2;.2= >2?.== >2?.0= >:0.>= >:;.== >:;.0= >:?.== >:?.0= >:8.>=

0.8; 0.8> 0.1? 0.12 0.1: 0.11 0.18 0.8= 0.80 0.8; 0.8> 0.87 0.8? 0.82

?8;.== ?87.?= 2==.== 2=0.== 2=;.>= 2=>.7= 2=?.;= 2=2.8= 2=:.8= 20=.== 20=.8= 20;.;= 20>.== 207.2=

0.>0 0.>; 0.>0 0.>; 0.>> 0.>; 0.>> 0.>7 0.>> 0.>7 0.>>

>:8.7= >1=.== >1=.7= >1=.?= >1;.;= >1;.>= >1;.7= >1?.== >1?.0= >1?.>= >1?.7=

0.8: 0.81 0.88 ;.== ;.=0 ;.=; ;.=> ;.=7 ;.=? ;.=2 ;.=:

20?.2= 202.8= 20:.8= 201.1= 208.1= 2;=.8= 2;;.== 2;>.>= 2;>.1= 2;?.;= 2;?.2=

0.>7 0.>? 0.>7 0.>? 0.>7 0.>? 0.>7 0.>? 0.>2 0.>: 0.>2

>1?.2= >80.== >80.?= >8;.0= >8;.?= >8;.2= >8;.:= >8;.1= >8:.1= >88.:= 7==.==

;.=1 ;.=1 ;.=8 ;.0= ;.00 ;.0; ;.0> ;.07 ;.0? ;.02 ;.0:

2;2.2= 2;1.== 2;1.7= 2;8.;= 2>=.== 2>=.2= 2>;.== 2>;.== 2>;.7= 2>>.== 2>7.==

0.>: 0.>2

7=>.== 7=>.?=

;.01 ;.08

2>7.7= 2>?.;= 78

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0.>: 0.>1 0.>: 0.>1 0.>: 0.>1 0.>8 0.>1 0.>8 0.>1 0.>8 0.>1 0.>8 0.7=

7=7.;= 7=2.== 7=2.0= 7=8.== 7=8.1= 7=8.8= 70;.:= 70>.1= 707.>= 707.7= 707.?= 70:.0= 70:.;= 7;;.>=

;.;= ;.;0 ;.;; ;.;7 ;.;? ;.;2 ;.;: ;.;1 ;.;8 ;.>= ;.>; ;.>> ;.>7 ;.>:

2>?.1= 2>2.1= 2>:.;= 2>:.?= 2>8.== 2>8.?= 27=.>= 27=.:= 27=.1= 27;.== 27;.1= 27>.== 277.== 277.>=

0.>8 0.7= 0.>8 0.7= 0.>8 0.7= 0.70 0.7= 0.70 0.7= 0.70

7;;.7= 7;>.8= 7;7.?= 7;7.2= 7;:.8= 7;1.== 7>=.== 7>=.0= 7>0.== 7>>.0= 7>>.;=

;.>2 ;.>: ;.>1 ;.>8 ;.7= ;.70 ;.7; ;.7: ;.77 ;.7? ;.7:

277.:= 27?.?= 27?.1= 272.== 272.?= 272.8= 27:.7= 27:.1= 271.== 271.>= 278.==

0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7> 0.7; 0.7> 0.7; 0.7> 0.77 0.7> 0.77

7>?.2= 7>2.0= 7>2.;= 77=.2= 77=.:= 770.7= 770.2= 770.:= 77?.8= 772.== 772.;=

;.71 ;.?= ;.?; ;.?? ;.2= ;.27 ;.28 ;.:0 ;.:8 ;.18 ;.8:

278.?= 2?=.== 2?0.== 2?0.?= 2?;.>= 2?7.;= 2??.== 2?2.1= 2?1.== 2?1.2= 22=.==

0.7> 0.77

77:.;= 77:.>=

>.== >.0;

220.== 220.7= ?=

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0.7> 0.77 0.7> 0.77 0.7> 0.77 0.7? 0.77 0.7? 0.77 0.7? 0.77 0.7? 0.77

771.2= 7?=.== 7?=.;= 7?;.0= 7?>.?= 7?>.1= 7?7.8= 7??.== 7??.0= 7?2.?= 7?2.2= 7?2.:= 7?:.2= 7?:.:=

>.0: >.>= >.11 ?.>= ?.?= ?.20 ?.:; ?.8= ?.8? ?.82 2.=> 2.02 2.;7 2.71

22;.== 22>.;= 22?.== 222.== 222.?= 22:.== 221.== 228.== 228.?= 2:=.== 2:=.>= 2:=.1= 2:0.== 2:0.?=

0.7? 0.77 0.7? 0.72 0.7: 0.72 0.7: 0.72 0.7: 0.72 0.7:

7?:.1= 7?:.8= 7?8.0= 72=.== 720.2= 720.:= 720.1= 72;.== 72>.2= 727.== 727.;=

2.:> :.=2 :.=1 :.07 :.;? :.>> :.2= :.1? 1.=0 1.10 8.7:

2:;.== 2:;.?= 2:>.== 2:>.>= 2:>.?= 2:7.== 2:?.== 2:2.== 2:2.?= 2::.== 2::.?=

0.71 0.7: 0.71 0.7: 0.71 0.78 0.?= 0.78 0.?= 0.78 0.71

72?.>= 72?.1= 722.1= 721.>= 721.7= 728.2= 7:=.== 7:=.1= 7:;.7= 7:;.?= 7:>.?=

8.:1 0=.0> 0=.>; 0=.>1 0=.7: 0=.?: 0=.20 0=.2? 0=.:0 0=.:? 0=.1=

2:1.== 2:8.== 2:8.?= 21=.== 21=.?= 210.== 210.?= 21;.== 21;.?= 21>.== 21>.?=

0.78 0.78

7:7.8= 7:;.?=

0=.1> 0=.11

217.== 217.?= ?0

@]ÈEGHNO

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0.71 0.78 0.71 0.7: 0.71 0.78 0.71 0.78 0.71 0.78 0.?= 0.?; 0.?0 0.?;

7:>.?= 7:7.8= 7:?.== 7:?.8= 7:2.2= 7:1.;= 7:8.== 7:8.7= 71=.1= 710.:= 717.?= 71?.== 71?.2= 71?.:=

0=.18 0=.8; 0=.87 0=.8: 00.== 00.=0 00.=2 00.=? 00.=2 00.=1 00.=8 00.0= 00.0; 00.0>

21?.== 21?.?= 212.== 212.?= 21:.== 21:.?= 211.== 211.?= 218.== 28=.== 28=.?= 280.== 280.7= 28;.>=

0.?0 0.?; 0.?> 0.?; 0.?> 0.?; 0.?0 0.?; 0.?> 0.?; 0.?>

712.?= 71:.;= 711.== 711.0= 718.>= 78=.== 78=.?= 780.== 78;.2= 78>.2= 787.;=

00.07 00.0? 00.02 00.0: 00.01 00.08 00.;= 00.;0 00.;; 00.;> 00.;7

28;.1= 28>.== 287.== 287.?= 28?.?= 282.== 28:.== 28:.1= 281.2= :==.== :=0.==

0.?7 0.?> 0.?7 0.?? 0.?2 0.?: 0.?1 0.?8 0.?1 0.?8 0.?1

78?.>= 782.== 782.0= ?==.== ?=0.== ?=?.== ?=:.2= ?0=.7= ?0;.== ?0;.0= ?0>.>=

00.;2 00.;: 00.;1 00.;8 00.>= 00.>0 00.>> 00.>7 00.>2 00.>: 00.>1

:=?.== :=2.== :=:.:= :=8.== :=8.1= :0;.== :07.== :02.7= :01.:= :;0.;= :;0.7=

0.?8 0.2=

?0>.7= ?02.==

00.>8 00.7=

:;;.7= :;7.7= ?;

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0.20 0.2= 0.20

?08.>= ?08.7= ?;=.;=

00.70 00.7; 00.7>

:;2.== :;1.:= :>=.1=

0.2; 0.2> 0.27 0.2? 0.22 0.2: 0.21 0.28 0.21 0.28 0.:= 0.:0 0.:; 0.:0 0.:; 0.:> 0.:7 0.:?

?;7.== ?;:.;= ?;8.:= ?>>.0= ?>:.== ?>8.;= ?7;.7= ?7?.7= ?7?.?= ?72.?= ??=.== ??=.;= ??0.>= ??0.7= ??>.>= ??7.;= ??2.== ??:.0=

00.77 00.7? 00.72 00.7: 00.71 00.78 00.?= 00.?0 00.?; 00.?> 00.?7 00.?? 00.?2 00.?: 00.?1 00.?8 00.2= 00.20

:>;.;= :>7.?= :>1.>= :70.:= :7>.7= :72.== :?=.== :2?.== ::=.== ::>.== ::7.?= :::.7= ::8.1= :1>.7= :11.== :8>.== :8:.== 1==.==

W`ki` 0>. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` èþghn` nde sdiunhþe go ]k(ED >);, (oxporhcoetd 01). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

ÀEDGD Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr `nhþe (cj/I) 7.007 ;.;;: 0.;?1 0.0=1 0.=;= =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) 70.07= 2>.70= :?.88= 1:.=:= 8:.;:= 8:.;:=

?>

@]ÈEGHNO

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W`ki` 07. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` n`tþghn` nde ue` sdiunhþe go A;^D7, (oxporhcoetd 01). NÀWDGD Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) =.08= =.0?0 =.=== =.=== =.=== =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) 0.8== >.70= >.70= >.70= >.70= >.70=

W`ki` 0?. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe èþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 01). ^DI_NHÞE ÀEDGD Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= ;.;=: 2= 0.=?2 8= 0.>22 0;= 0.018 0?= =.=== 01= =.===

W`ki` 02. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe n`tþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 01). ^DI_NHÞE NÀWDGD Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= =.08: 2= =.0>: 8= =.=== 0;= =.=== 0?= =.=== 01= =.===

?7

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W`ki` 0:. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` èþghn` nde sdiunhþe go A ;^D7, (oxporhcoetd 08). ÀEDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) 0.;== 0.=:= =.00= =.=== =.=== =.===

Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

[o [onupor`nh nupor`nhþe þe (%) 0;.=== ;;.:== ;>.1== ;>.1== ;>.1== ;>.1==

W`ki` 01. [osuit`gds go i` oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k oe ue ro`ntdr nde cockrè`, sdkro oi oiontrdgd go i` nàc`r` n`tþghn` nde sdiunhþe go ]k(ED>);, (oxporhcoetd 08). NÀWDGD Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr `nhþe (cj/I) >.28= ;.7>= 0.=1= =.70= =.=== =.===

Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

[o [onupor`nh nupor`nhþe þe (%) >2.8== 20.;== :;.=== :2.0== :2.0== :2.0==

W`ki` 08. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe èþghn`, (oxporhcoetd 08). ^DI_NHÞE ÀEDGD Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= =.=== 2= =.=== 8= =.=== 0;= =.=== 0?= =.=== 01=

=.=== ??

@]ÈEGHNO

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W`ki` ;=. [osuit`gds oe i` sdiunhþe n`tþghn`, (oxporhcoet (oxporhcoetdd 08). ^DI_NHÞE NÀWDGD Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

?.00= 0.20= =.7;= =.=0= =.=0= =.=0=

W`ki` ;0. Rìdros oe i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe go ]k, robiof`gds oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;=). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01= ;0= ;7= ;:= >== >>= >2= >8=

ÀEDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) 2.8:2 7.828 ;.2>7 0.?;> 0.0>: 0.;:= 0.=>7 =.=== =.=== =.=== =.=== =.=== =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) 7.2?0 :.82> 8.:08 0=.:>? 00.78> 0;.>>8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8 0>.=;8

?2

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W`ki` ;;. Rìdros oe i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe goi ]k, robiof`gds oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;=). NÀWDGD Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01= ;0= ;7= ;:= >==

Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) 8.180 8.;?> 2.=78 2.8?= 7.17= ;.:10 ;.?=7 0.>=: 0.;:= 0.007

[onupor`nhþe (%) 8.180 08.077 ;?.08> >;.07> >2.81> >8.:27 7;.;21 7>.?:? 77.17? 7?.8?8

>>= >2= >8=

0.1:= 0.=;= =.===

7:.1;8 71.178 71.178

W`ki` ;>. Rìdros oe i` gotorche`nhþe go thocpd, oiontrdgopdsht`nhþe goi ]k, robiof`gds oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;=). ^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= 0;.7288 2= 0=.2>22 8= 8.717; 0;= 1.;0>; 0?= :.>02: 01= 2.:=8= ;0= 2.>>>7 ;7= 2.0>:7 ;:= ?.8728 >== ?.::81 >>= ?.788> >2= ?.>72> >8= ?.>72>

?:

@]ÈEGHNO

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W`ki` ;7. Rìdros dktoehgds oe ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k, oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;0). ÀEDGD Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) ;.7:2 ;.;>; ;.=08 0.817 0.002 =.=2?

[onupor`nhþe (%) 0.2?0 >.0>8 7.71? ?.1=: 2.??0 2.?8?

W`ki` ;?. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;0). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

NÀWDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >8.>;1 ;2.:>? ;7.0>; 0>.821 :.1:: 0.01=

[onupor`nhþe (%) ;2.;08 77.=7; 2=.0>= 28.77; :7.28> :?.71=

W`ki` ;2. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;0). ^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= :.;0= 2= ?.>== 8= >.?7= 0;= ;.7:? 0?= 0.1:? 01= 0.:8;

?1

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` ;:. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;;). ÀEDGD Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >.:1= ;.=7: 0.71> =.17> =.=?> =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) ;.?;= >.11? 7.1:> ?.7>? ?.7:0 ?.7:0

W`ki` ;1. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;;). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

NÀWDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) 71.011 >?.22? ;7.>10 0;.:>1 0.2=? =.;00

[onupor`nhþe (%) >;.0;? ??.8=; :;.0?2 1=.271 10.:01 10.1?8

W`ki` ;8. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go ;.?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;;).

^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= 2.?7= 2= 7.=;0 8= ;.;8: 0;= 0.>80 0?= 0.;10 01= 0.;:=

?8

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` >=. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;>). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

ÀEDGD Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr `nhþe (cj/I) 0.0=; 0.=7= =.=== =.=== =.=== =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) =.:>? 0.7;1 0.7;1 0.7;1 0.7;1 0.7;1

W`ki` >0. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;>). Whocpd (che)

>= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

NÀWDGD Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr `nhþe (cj/I) ?0.=== >2.:=> ;1.22; ;;.::1 :.2:8 =.=2=

[onupor`nhþe (%) >7.=== ?1.728 ::.?:: 8;.:2; 8:.110 8:.8;0

W`ki` >;. Rìdros dktoehgds p`r` ue pA go >.=, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;>). ^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= 2.?;2 2= 7.=0= 8= ;.0== 0;= =.?10 0?= =.=28 01= =.=2?

2=

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` >>. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;7). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

ÀEDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) 0.=;= =.>0= =.=7= =.=== =.=== =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) =.21= =.11: =.80> =.80> =.80> =.80>

W`ki` >7. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;7). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

NÀWDGD Ndenoetr`nhþe Ndenoetr `nhþe (cj/I) 71.=== >2.=== ;1.21= 0:.>;; 1.=17 =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) >;.=== ?7.22: 2?.:1: :;.221 :1.=?: :1.=?:

W`ki` >?. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.0?, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;7). ^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/I) >= 2.:>; 2= 7.>01 8= ;.>8: 0;= 0.;7; 0?= =.:=> 01= =.:=>

20

20

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` >2. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi àedgd (oxporhcoetd ;?). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

ÀEDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/i) =.;== =.=>0 =.=;7 =.=== =.=== =.===

[onupor`nhþe (%) =.0>> =.0?7 =.0:= =.0:= =.0:= =.0:=

W`ki` >:. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe oi nàtdgd (oxporhcoetd ;?). Whocpd (che) >= 2= 8= 0;= 0?= 01=

NÀWDGD Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/i) >0.?== ;:.7?= ;>.20> 0:.27= :.=8; =.1;=

[onupor`nhþe (%) ;0.=== >8.>== ??.=7; 22.1=; :0.?>= :;.=::

W`ki` >1. Rìdros dktoehgds nde `cpor`fo go =.;, oe i` oiontrdgopdsht`nþe go ]k oe i` sdiunhþe (oxporhcoetd ;?).

^DI_NHÞE Whocpd (che) Ndenoetr Ndenoetr`nhþe `nhþe (cj/i) >= :.18= 2= 2.=?7 8= 7.7:1 0;= >.>=> 0?= ;.1>= 01= ;.::=

2;

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` >8. Nàinuids ostoquhdcètrhnds prop`r`r 0I go sdiunhþe 0, =.? C AED > y jr`cds go ]k(ED>); eonos`rhds. Ndeghnhdeos

]`r` 0 j go ]k Ndenoetr`nhþe6 =.? C AED> Goeshg`g6 0.?0 j AED> ]uroz`6 28% AED> ]`r` `bdr`r ` 0I go `ju` goshdehz`g` ]C AED> 6 2>j ].C. ]k(ED> );6 >>0j/cdi ].C. ]k6 ;=:j/cdi

Nàinuid

• •

0I

•



=.? cdi AED> 0I



•

2>j AED> 0 cdi AED>



0== AED> 28 AED>



0 ci AED> 0.?0j AED>

3 >=.;> ci AED>

•

•

•

•

>>0j/cdi ]k(ED> )

;

]`r` 0j go ]k

3

;=:j/cdi ]k

30.?8j ]k(ED> );

W`ki` 7=. Nàinuid p`r` prop`r`r i` sdiunhþe > go E`KA 7. Ndeghnhdeos ].C. ]k(ED> );6 >>0j

Nàinuid 0.?8j ]k(ED> );

•

•

].C.

E`KA7

>>0 j/cdi ]k(ED )

6 >:.11 j/cdi

->

37.1=x0= cdi

> ;

->

(7.1=x0= cdi)(;.7) 3=.=0; cdi cdi

3

(=.=0; cdi)(>:.11 cdi)(>:.11 j/cdi E`KA E`KA7

=.77 j E`KA7



2>

@]ÈEGHNO

KK

W`ki` 70. Nàinuids ostoquhdcètrhnds p`r` prop`r`r ue` sdiunhþe 7, 0 C go A ;^D7. Ndeghnhdeos Ndenoetr`nhþe6 0C Goeshg`g6 0.17j ]uroz`6 81%

Nàinuid

•

•

?== ci

•

(

0I

)

0=== ci

0 cdi A;^D7 0I

A;^D7 ]`r` `bdr`r `

•

?== ci go `ju`



81j A; ^D7 0 cdi A;^D7



0== A; ^D7 81 A; ^D7

(

0 ci

0.17j A; ^D7

3 ;:.0: ci A; ^D7

goshdehz`g`

Nàinuid p`r` i`s nhend cuostr`s go obontd oe i` ndenoetr`nhþe go ]k, p`r` ids oxporhcoetds (>,0=,00,0;, y 0>). `. 0j go ]k3 (0)(=.>01)30.?8j ]k(ED>); oe ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` k. ;j go ]k3 (;)(=.>01)3>.01j ]k(ED>); oe ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` n. >j go ]k3 (>)(=.>01)37.::j (>)(=.>01)37.:: j ]k(ED>); oe ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` g. 7j go ]k3 (7)(=.>01)3 2.>2j ]k(ED>); oe ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` o. ?j go ]k3 (?)(=.>01)3:.8?j (?)(=.>01)3:.8? j ]k(ED>); oe ;== ci go `ju` goshdehz`g` Nàinuid go i` nèthg`g go Kdrdahgrurd go ^dghd eonos`rhds p`r` ids oxporhcoetds (>,0=,00,0;, y 0>). `. 0j go ]k3(0)(=.77) ]k3(0)(=.77)3 3 =.77j E`KA7 k. ;j go ]k3(;)(=.77) ]k3(;)(=.77)3 3 =.11j E`KA7 n. >j go ]k3(>)(=.77)30.> ]k3(>)(=.77)30.>;j ;j E`KA7 g. 7j go ]k3(7)(=.77) ]k3(7)(=.77)30.:2j 30.:2j E`KA7 o. ?j go ]k3(?)(=.77) ]k3(?)(=.77)3;.;j 3;.;j E`KA7

)

Recuperación de Plomo A Partir de Soluciones de Lixiviación de Galena en Un Medio de Nitratos

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